582:
566:
602:
132:
399:
1103:
371:
320:
1283:
809:
1175:
406:
378:
934:
581:
565:
539:. As such, the lithology progresses from open ocean chalky shale (with thin limestones) to increasing carbonaceous shale to near-shore sandstone. Near the center of the seaway, currents in the remnant shallows sorted skeletal remains into a mass of
4025:
601:
3170:
2637:
2141:
551:
in much of the outcrop area, but where an unconformity is not discernible, the boundary is typically placed at the first resistant, fine-grained limestone bed at the base of the
Niobrara Formation.
1752:"A 'woollgari-zone mosasaur' (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Carlile Shale (Lower Middle Turonian) of central Kansas and the stratigraphic overlap of early mosasaurs and pliosaurid plesiosaurs"
2069:
The upper 175 feet of the
Carlile is classed as the Blue Hill Shale member. Most of it is blue-gray fissile argillaceous shale that contains selenite crystals and flakes of bright yellow ochre.
1479:
White, Timothy; Arthur, Michael A. (May 2006). "Organic carbon production and preservation in response to sea-level changes in the
Turonian Carlile Formation, U.S. Western Interior Basin".
1810:
Shimada, K.; Everhart, M. (July 2019). "A New Large Late
Cretaceous Lamniform Shark from North America, with Comments on the Taxonomy, Paleoecology, and Evolution of the Genus Cretodus".
2099:
635:
that have been recovered from the strata of its Blue Hill Shale Member in Kansas. The
Carlile in eastern South Dakota contains shark teeth, fossil wood and leaves, and ammonites.
4011:
4202:
3156:
2623:
2127:
1563:
William A. Cobban and E.A. Merewether (1983), Stratigraphy and paleontology of mid-Cretaceous rocks in
Minnesota and contiguous areas. USGS Professional Paper 1253.
4157:
1236:, sedimentary volcanic ash (named for the original Graneros/Greenhorn/Carlile classification), generally showing some weathered iron stain in the Colorado Group
4227:
4222:
4182:
2092:
592:
4192:
4187:
131:
370:
4217:
4207:
1956:"Occurrence of Ptychodus mammillaris (Elasmobranchii) in the Fairport Chalk Member of the Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of Ellis County, Kansas"
4232:
2085:
398:
4212:
4197:
4018:
3163:
2630:
2134:
1452:
McLane, Michael (1982). "Upper
Cretaceous Coastal Deposits in South-Central Colorado--Codell and Juana Lopez Members of Carlile Shale".
1914:
Hamm, Shawn A. (2020). "The First
Occurrence of Ptychodus latissimus from the Codell Sandstone Member of the Carlile Shale in Kansas".
2067:. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas. p. Geologic Formations in Relation to Ground Water.
274:
495:. He described it as a medium gray shale, capped with limestone or sandstone, and assigned it to the Benton Group. By 1931,
1692:"A Dolichosaurid Lizard, Coniasaurus cf. C. crassidens, from the Upper Cretaceous Carlile Shale in Russell County, Kansas"
1377:
Rubey, W.W.; Bass, N.W. (1925). "The geology of
Russell County, Kansas, with special reference to oil and gas resources".
1640:"A new Cretaceous Pliosaurid (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Carlile Shale (middle Turonian) of Russell County, Kansas"
4177:
4167:
267:
1580:"A Long-Snouted Late Cretaceous Crocodyliform, Terminonaris cf. T. browni, from the Carlile Shale (Turonian) of Kansas"
1048:
A partial skeleton consisting of 134 disarticulated teeth, 61 vertebrae, 23 placoid scales, and fragments of calcified
2064:
Geology and Ground-water
Resources of Southern Ellis County and Parts of Trego and Rush Counties, Kansas, Bulletin 149
2598:
4172:
3576:
3394:
2720:
3409:
1352:
Gilbert, G.K. (1896). "The underground water of the Arkansas Valley in eastern Colorado". In Walcott, C.D. (ed.).
2810:
2417:
1971:
3713:
3664:
3612:
3536:
2593:
2312:
1707:
1595:
2327:
3309:
2903:
4162:
3634:
3516:
3468:
3414:
2840:
2820:
2494:
2454:
2364:
2352:
1354:
Seventeenth Annual report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1895-1896
825:
528:
3761:
3314:
3299:
2964:
2780:
2700:
2526:
1514:
King, Norman R. (1974). "The Carlile-Niobrara contact and lower Niobrara strata near El Vado, New Mexico".
3741:
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3521:
3384:
2862:
2857:
2571:
2322:
1523:
1102:
1078:
913:
703:
548:
3639:
3349:
3319:
2760:
2474:
2317:
2271:
2235:
4128:
3858:
3556:
3541:
3511:
3444:
2830:
2705:
2561:
2546:
2489:
2432:
2342:
2307:
1427:"Geology and oil possibilities of the eastern side of the San Juan Basin, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico"
4112:
3863:
3818:
3791:
3756:
3746:
3654:
3439:
3404:
3359:
3329:
2745:
2427:
3982:
3977:
3955:
3919:
3629:
3624:
3546:
3526:
3506:
3419:
3379:
3334:
3324:
3242:
3237:
3110:
3105:
4074:
3649:
3551:
3434:
3389:
3374:
2775:
2750:
2740:
2551:
2541:
2437:
2347:
2332:
1819:
1651:
1549:
1488:
1190:
1154:
950:
572:
496:
178:
148:
137:
4086:
2941:
2936:
2805:
1528:
3659:
3596:
3424:
3232:
3100:
3083:
3039:
2730:
2725:
2556:
1288:
536:
523:
The formation is composed of marine deposits of the generally retreating phase (hemi-cycle) of the
444:
205:
1340:
3484:
3339:
3272:
3123:
3057:
2946:
2898:
2800:
2755:
2576:
2566:
2484:
2479:
2464:
2400:
2337:
2294:
2276:
2240:
2108:
2043:
1991:
1983:
1931:
1891:
1835:
1787:
1779:
1727:
1719:
1667:
1615:
1607:
1398:"Lithologic studies of fine-grained Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Black Hills region"
1266:
1150:
995:
544:
540:
488:
195:
2062:
1550:
Jstor.org: "Probable plesiosaur remains from the Blue Hill Shale (Carlile Formation)" in Kansas"
1465:
2016:"Shark-Tooth-Bearing Coprolite from the Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous), Ellis County, Kansas"
808:
3960:
3938:
3924:
3902:
3895:
3845:
3813:
3805:
3566:
3531:
3399:
3344:
2979:
2969:
2931:
2908:
2835:
2790:
2770:
2710:
2531:
2504:
2459:
2422:
2195:
2035:
1975:
1883:
1771:
1711:
1599:
776:
713:
608:
4096:
3828:
3784:
3736:
3669:
3581:
3561:
3489:
3369:
3354:
3294:
3277:
3012:
2974:
2926:
2893:
2849:
2825:
2690:
2683:
2536:
2521:
2027:
1967:
1923:
1875:
1827:
1763:
1703:
1659:
1591:
1496:
1461:
1405:
1357:
788:
492:
436:
341:
163:
3796:
3751:
3726:
3644:
3571:
3501:
3429:
3364:
3304:
3022:
2918:
2765:
2499:
2412:
967:
960:
943:
926:
720:
524:
1823:
1655:
1492:
1316:
4058:
3731:
3696:
3449:
3067:
3052:
3004:
2956:
2885:
2735:
2286:
1207:
1167:
1134:
1095:
1056:
838:
624:
532:
158:
1864:, from the Fairport Chalky Shale Member of the Carlile Shale in Northeastern Nebraska"
1174:
4151:
3459:
3225:
2469:
1935:
1859:
1839:
1671:
1639:
842:
652:
325:
83:
40:
1995:
1895:
1791:
1731:
1619:
2815:
2785:
2715:
1426:
1296:
1067:
818:
801:
688:
588:
508:
507:. Rubey also first assigned it to the Colorado Group. C.H. Dane assigned it to the
472:
468:
448:
167:
1831:
531:, which followed the advancing phase of the same cycle that formed the underlying
2077:
1663:
1500:
17:
4049:
4040:
3837:
3605:
3185:
2795:
2652:
2187:
2156:
898:
504:
58:
3947:
3775:
3255:
2674:
2178:
1278:
740:
628:
512:
464:
251:
103:
68:
2039:
1979:
1887:
1775:
1715:
1603:
491:
for exposures at Carlile Spring, located about 21 miles (34 km) west of
289:
276:
3886:
3705:
3216:
3196:
3076:
2513:
2384:
2373:
2263:
1233:
1200:
1113:
1049:
862:
255:
247:
243:
239:
136:
Rare exposure of the Fairport Chalk member of the Carlile Shale in southern
108:
52:
1638:
Schumacher, Bruce A.; Carpenter, Kenneth; Everhart, Michael J. (May 2013).
1561:
4105:
3877:
3687:
3477:
3264:
2993:
2876:
2663:
2393:
2227:
2218:
2167:
2112:
1927:
1879:
1767:
1248:
1031:
970:
460:
452:
432:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
44:
1858:
Johnson-Ransom, Evan; Shimada, Kenshu; Kirkland, James I. (April 2016).
1783:
1751:
1723:
1691:
1611:
1579:
933:
571:
The lower 25 feet (7.6 m) of the Fairport Chalk member in southern
3911:
3207:
3031:
2254:
2209:
2047:
2015:
1987:
1955:
476:
113:
88:
4067:
3092:
2447:
1239:
632:
500:
456:
2031:
1410:
1397:
1362:
1341:
USGS.gov: Mineral resources of the Niobrara and Carlile Formations
1260:
1242:, precipitation of volcanic sulfuric acid with oceanic iron as FeS
440:
228:
1256:
1088:
4007:
3152:
2619:
2123:
2081:
1173:
1101:
932:
807:
1972:
10.1660/0022-8443(2004)107[0126:OOPMEI]2.0.CO;2
1708:
10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[236:ADLCCC]2.0.CO;2
1596:
10.1660/0022-8443(2007)110[107:ALLCCT]2.0.CO;2
543:. The contact between the Carlile Shale and the overlying
1323:. Geolex β Unit Summary. United States Geological Survey
797:
A skull & anterior cervical material (FHSM VP-321).
990:
857:
735:
647:
447:
in the central-western United States, including in the
1516:
New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series
1431:
U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map
4104:
4095:
4066:
4057:
4048:
4039:
3946:
3937:
3910:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3836:
3827:
3804:
3783:
3774:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3604:
3595:
3476:
3467:
3458:
3263:
3254:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3195:
3184:
3091:
3075:
3066:
3030:
3021:
3003:
2992:
2955:
2917:
2884:
2875:
2848:
2682:
2673:
2662:
2651:
2512:
2446:
2392:
2383:
2372:
2285:
2262:
2253:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2186:
2177:
2166:
2155:
1954:Everhart, Michael J.; Darnell, Michelle K. (2004).
355:
347:
336:
331:
313:
305:
266:
261:
235:
224:
219:
211:
201:
191:
174:
154:
144:
34:
340:Carlile Spring and Carlile Station, 21 mi west of
1481:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
595:is pre-settlement digging in the Blue Hill Shale.
1230:Volcanic mineralization of the Greenhorn cycle:
4019:
3164:
2631:
2135:
2093:
2020:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1960:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1916:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1868:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1756:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1696:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
1584:Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
8:
1690:Shimada, Kenshu; Ystesund, Tracy K. (2007).
1466:10.1306/03B59A26-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
499:and his coinvestigators had mapped it into
4101:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4034:Precambrian chronostratigraphy of Colorado
4026:
4012:
4004:
3943:
3891:
3882:
3833:
3780:
3701:
3692:
3601:
3473:
3464:
3260:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3192:
3171:
3157:
3149:
3072:
3027:
3000:
2881:
2679:
2670:
2659:
2638:
2624:
2616:
2389:
2380:
2259:
2223:
2214:
2183:
2174:
2163:
2142:
2128:
2120:
2100:
2086:
2078:
2061:Alvin R. Leonard; Delmar W. Berry (1961).
1578:Shimada, Kenshu; Parris, David C. (2007).
31:
1527:
1409:
1402:U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper
1361:
1273:associated with Bentonite seams and ochre
4203:Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
3179:Paleozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
993:
860:
738:
650:
2646:Mesozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
2150:Cenozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
1308:
1251:, pyrite in limestone weathered to HFeO
922:2 incomplete vertebrae (FHSM VP-4418).
561:
4158:Shale formations of the United States
2009:
2007:
2005:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1860:"The Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark,
1853:
1851:
1849:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1297:Plesiosaur stratigraphic distribution
956:Middle of the Fairport Chalk Member.
487:The Carlile Shale was first named by
405:
377:
7:
27:Geologic formation in the western US
4228:Geologic formations of South Dakota
4223:Geologic formations of North Dakota
4183:Cretaceous formations of New Mexico
834:Portions of a rib (FHSM VP-17299).
607:The bare Blue Hill Shale slopes at
4193:Cretaceous geology of South Dakota
4188:Cretaceous geology of North Dakota
1812:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1644:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1552:, Kansas Academy of Science, 2009.
1356:. Vol. 17. pp. 551β601.
25:
1379:Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin
385:Carlile Shale (the United States)
1281:
1163:A medial tooth (FHSM VP-15284).
600:
580:
564:
404:
397:
376:
369:
318:
130:
4218:Geologic formations of Nebraska
4208:Geologic formations of Colorado
2599:Independence Mountain Formation
4233:Geologic formations of Wyoming
1084:Fairport Chalky Shale Member.
1:
4213:Geologic formations of Kansas
4198:Cretaceous geology of Wyoming
3577:Morgan Round Valley Formation
1832:10.1080/02724634.2019.1673399
1750:Schumacher, Bruce A. (2011).
388:Show map of the United States
3410:South Canyon Creek Formation
1664:10.1080/02724634.2013.722576
1501:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.031
215:170β230 feet (52β70 m)
4249:
3395:Sangre de Cristo Formation
2418:Central Colorado Volcanics
1321:National Geologic Database
4003:
3714:Williams Canyon Formation
3620:
3613:Williams Canyon Formation
3537:Jacque Mountain Formation
3148:
2811:Pictured Cliffs Formation
2615:
2594:Gravel Mountain Formation
2119:
1127:Codell Sandstone Member.
1111:
363:
129:
39:
3665:Ste. Genevieve Formation
2328:Martins Canyon Formation
2313:Cedar Mountain Formation
2014:Shimada, Kenshu (1997).
1317:"Geologic Unit: Carlile"
1196:Blue Hill Shale Member.
611:as they appeared in 1873
483:History of investigation
413:Carlile Shale (Colorado)
231:, chalky to carbonaceous
3310:Council Grove Formation
2904:Ralston Creek Formation
2841:Williams Fork Formation
2821:Point Lookout Formation
2495:Poison Canyon Formation
1199:A tooth contained in a
1160:Fairport Chalk Member.
919:Fairport Chalk Member.
826:Mitchell County, Kansas
794:Fairport Chalk Member.
709:Fairport Chalk Member.
529:Western Interior Seaway
3635:Headscrabble Formation
3517:Eagle Valley Evaporite
3415:Stone Corral Formation
2858:Burro Canyon Formation
2455:Blanco Basin Formation
2365:Grouse Mountain Basalt
2353:Wagon Tongue Formation
1178:
1106:
1079:Dixon County, Nebraska
1042:North-central Kansas.
1013:Stratigraphic position
959:7 successive proximal
937:
914:Russell County, Kansas
880:Stratigraphic position
837:May represent a large
812:
758:Stratigraphic position
704:Russell County, Kansas
670:Stratigraphic position
631:remains are among the
4129:Uncompahgre Formation
3762:Pinyon Park Formation
3542:Kansas City Formation
3315:Crestone Conglomerate
3300:Cedar Hills Formation
2965:Glen Canyon Formation
2781:Lion Canyon Formation
2706:Cliff House Sandstone
2701:Castle Gate Formation
2547:Middle Park Formation
2527:Arapahoe Conglomerate
2490:Green River Formation
2343:Troublesome Formation
2308:Browns Park Formation
1862:Cretoxyrhina mantelli
1177:
1105:
936:
811:
587:1867, bluffs west of
437:Upper/Late Cretaceous
4075:Uinta Mountain Group
3742:Kinderhook Formation
3587:Sharpsdale Formation
3522:Glen Eyrie Formation
3435:Wellington Formation
3390:Phosphoria Formation
3385:Owl Canyon Formation
3375:Minnekahta Formation
2863:Horsetooth Formation
2572:South Park Formation
2552:Nacimiento Formation
2542:Fort Union Formation
2333:North Park Formation
2323:Los Pintos Formation
1928:10.1660/062.123.0311
1880:10.1660/062.119.0212
1768:10.1660/062.114.0101
1396:Rubey, W.W. (1931).
1191:Ellis County, Kansas
1155:Ellis County, Kansas
951:Ellis County, Kansas
591:, behind the seated
573:Ellis County, Kansas
497:William Walden Rubey
416:Show map of Colorado
149:Geological formation
138:Ellis County, Kansas
4178:Cretaceous Nebraska
4168:Cretaceous Colorado
3660:St. Louis Formation
3640:Leadville Formation
3425:Wabaunsee Formation
3350:Ingleside Formation
3320:Day Creek Formation
3233:Chugwater Formation
3101:Chugwater Formation
3084:Chugwater Formation
3040:Chugwater Formation
2761:Kremmling Formation
2731:Fruitland Formation
2726:Fox Hills Formation
2721:Fort Hays Limestone
2557:Ojo Alamo Formation
2475:Echo Park Formation
2318:Flat Tops Volcanics
2272:Dry Union Formation
2236:Dry Union Formation
1824:2019JVPal..39E3399S
1656:2013JVPal..33..613S
1493:2006PPP...235..223W
1425:Dane, C.H. (1948).
1289:Paleontology portal
537:Greenhorn Formation
286: /
206:Greenhorn Limestone
41:Stratigraphic range
3859:Arbuckle Formation
3557:Marmaton Formation
3512:Cherokee Formation
3485:Fountain Formation
3445:Wolfcamp Formation
3340:Glorieta Formation
3273:Fountain Formation
3124:Moenkopi Formation
3058:Moenkopi Formation
2947:Sundance Formation
2899:Morrison Formation
2831:Trinidad Formation
2801:Niobrara Formation
2756:Kirtland Formation
2577:Washakie Formation
2567:San Jose Formation
2562:Raton Conglomerate
2485:Huerfano Formation
2480:Farisita Formation
2433:Pinnacle Formation
2401:Arikaree Formation
2338:Santa Fe Formation
2295:Arikaree Formation
2277:Ogallala Formation
2241:Ogallala Formation
2109:Chronostratigraphy
1179:
1107:
996:Cartilaginous fish
987:Cartilaginous fish
938:
831:Blue Hill Member.
813:
545:Niobrara Formation
489:Grove Karl Gilbert
290:38.376Β°N 104.979Β°W
196:Niobrara Formation
4173:Cretaceous Kansas
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4113:Owiyukuts Complex
4082:
4081:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3961:Sawatch Formation
3933:
3932:
3925:Sawatch Formation
3903:Dotsero Formation
3872:
3871:
3864:Manitou Formation
3854:
3853:
3846:Dotsero Formation
3819:Simpson Formation
3814:Harding Sandstone
3792:Fremont Limestone
3770:
3769:
3757:Parting Formation
3747:Misener Formation
3722:
3721:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3655:Spergen Formation
3567:Minturn Formation
3532:Hermosa Formation
3497:
3496:
3440:White Horse Group
3405:Shawnee Formation
3400:Satanka Formation
3360:Lansing Formation
3345:Hermosa Formation
3330:Forelle Formation
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3250:
3249:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3048:
3047:
2988:
2987:
2980:Wingate Sandstone
2970:Kayenta Formation
2932:Entrada Formation
2909:Wanakah Formation
2871:
2870:
2836:Vermejo Formation
2791:Menefee Formation
2771:Laramie Formation
2746:Hygiene Formation
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2532:Bridger Formation
2505:Wasatch Formation
2460:Cuchara Formation
2428:Conejos Formation
2423:Chadron Formation
2408:
2407:
2361:
2360:
2303:
2302:
2249:
2248:
2204:
2203:
2196:Alamosa Formation
1404:. 165-A: A1βA54.
1216:
1215:
1203:(FHSM VP-13325).
1045:Blue Hill Shale.
979:
978:
963:(FHSM VP-17564).
851:
850:
777:Megacephalosaurus
729:
728:
425:
424:
18:Carlile Formation
16:(Redirected from
4240:
4102:
4064:
4055:
4046:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4005:
3983:Tintic Formation
3978:Reagan Formation
3956:Lodore Formation
3944:
3920:Lodore Formation
3892:
3883:
3834:
3781:
3737:Elbert Formation
3702:
3693:
3670:Warsaw Formation
3630:Gilman Formation
3625:Beulah Formation
3602:
3582:Morrow Formation
3562:Maroon Formation
3547:Kerber Formation
3527:Gothic Formation
3507:Belden Formation
3490:Madera Formation
3474:
3465:
3420:Sumner Formation
3380:Opeche Formation
3370:Maroon Formation
3355:Kaibab Limestone
3335:Glendo Formation
3325:Falcon Formation
3295:Blaine Formation
3278:Madera Formation
3261:
3243:Taloga Formation
3238:Lykins Formation
3222:
3213:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3111:Taloga Formation
3106:Lykins Formation
3073:
3028:
3013:Chinle Formation
3001:
2996:
2975:Navajo Formation
2927:Carmel Formation
2894:Curtis Formation
2882:
2826:Smoky Hill Chalk
2711:Codell Sandstone
2691:Benton Formation
2680:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2655:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2537:Denver Formation
2522:Animas Formation
2390:
2381:
2376:
2260:
2224:
2215:
2184:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2159:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2026:(3/4): 133β138.
2011:
2000:
1999:
1966:(3/4): 126β130.
1951:
1940:
1939:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1855:
1844:
1843:
1807:
1796:
1795:
1747:
1736:
1735:
1702:(3/4): 236β242.
1687:
1676:
1675:
1635:
1624:
1623:
1590:(1/2): 107β115.
1575:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1487:(1β3): 223β244.
1476:
1470:
1469:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1349:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1313:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
991:
961:caudal vertebrae
858:
789:Fairport, Kansas
736:
648:
604:
584:
568:
547:is marked by an
493:Pueblo, Colorado
417:
408:
407:
401:
389:
380:
379:
373:
342:Pueblo, Colorado
324:
322:
321:
301:
300:
298:
297:
296:
295:38.376; -104.979
291:
287:
284:
283:
282:
279:
183:Codell Sandstone
164:Benton Formation
134:
125:
55:
32:
21:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4133:
4116:
4091:
4078:
4035:
4032:
3987:
3965:
3929:
3906:
3868:
3850:
3823:
3800:
3797:Viola Formation
3766:
3752:Ouray Formation
3727:Aneth Formation
3718:
3674:
3650:Osage Formation
3645:Molas Formation
3616:
3591:
3572:Molas Formation
3552:Keyes Formation
3502:Atoka Formation
3493:
3454:
3430:Weber Formation
3365:Lyons Formation
3305:Chase Formation
3282:
3246:
3197:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3128:
3115:
3087:
3062:
3044:
3017:
2994:
2984:
2951:
2913:
2867:
2844:
2776:Lewis Formation
2766:Lance Formation
2741:Greenhorn Shale
2664:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2603:
2581:
2508:
2500:Uinta Formation
2442:
2438:Pitch Formation
2413:Brule Formation
2404:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2348:Trump Formation
2299:
2281:
2245:
2200:
2168:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2115:
2106:
2076:
2075:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2032:10.2307/3628001
2013:
2012:
2003:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1818:(4): e1673399.
1809:
1808:
1799:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1689:
1688:
1679:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1537:
1529:10.1.1.513.8769
1513:
1512:
1508:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1254:
1245:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1038:C. houghtonorum
989:
984:
968:russellosaurine
944:Russellosaurina
856:
734:
646:
641:
622:
617:
616:
615:
612:
605:
596:
585:
576:
569:
557:
541:calcareous sand
525:Greenhorn cycle
521:
485:
421:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
410:
409:
392:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
381:
319:
317:
309:Mid-continental
294:
292:
288:
285:
280:
277:
275:
273:
272:
254:
250:
246:
242:
186:
185:Blue Hill Shale
184:
182:
166:
162:
140:
124:
123:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
51:93.9β89.8
50:
49:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4246:
4244:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4163:Turonian Stage
4160:
4150:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4087:Tava Formation
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4072:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4008:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Dyer Formation
3729:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3450:Yeso Formation
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:Jelm Formation
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2942:Page Formation
2939:
2937:Garo Formation
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:Pando Porphyry
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Graneros Shale
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2073:
2053:
2001:
1941:
1901:
1874:(2): 208β210.
1845:
1797:
1737:
1677:
1650:(3): 613β628.
1625:
1565:
1554:
1535:
1506:
1471:
1444:
1417:
1411:10.3133/pp165A
1388:
1369:
1363:10.3133/ar17_2
1344:
1333:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1226:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1147:
1145:P. mammillaris
1141:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1096:mackerel shark
1092:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:mackerel shark
1053:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
988:
985:
983:
980:
977:
976:
974:
964:
957:
954:
948:
946:
940:
939:
930:
923:
920:
917:
911:
902:
894:
893:
890:
887:
882:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
855:
852:
849:
848:
846:
835:
832:
829:
823:
821:
815:
814:
805:
798:
795:
792:
785:
780:
772:
771:
768:
765:
760:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
733:
730:
727:
726:
724:
717:
710:
707:
701:
692:
684:
683:
680:
677:
672:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:Crocodyliforms
645:
644:Crocodyliforms
642:
640:
637:
625:Upper Turonian
621:
620:Fossil content
618:
614:
613:
606:
599:
597:
586:
579:
577:
570:
563:
560:
559:
558:
556:
553:
533:Graneros Shale
520:
517:
484:
481:
423:
422:
412:
403:
402:
396:
395:
394:
393:
384:
375:
374:
368:
367:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
338:
334:
333:
329:
328:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
270:
264:
263:
259:
258:
237:
233:
232:
226:
222:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
187:Fairport Chalk
176:
172:
171:
159:Colorado Group
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
135:
127:
126:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4245:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4029:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
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3259:
3257:
3253:
3244:
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3227:
3226:Changhsingian
3223:
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3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3194:
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2999:
2997:
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2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Carlile Shale
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2658:
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2473:
2471:
2470:Dawson Arkose
2468:
2466:
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2275:
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2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
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2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
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2207:
2197:
2194:
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2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1854:
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1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:(1/2): 1β14.
1761:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
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1697:
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1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:AAPG Bulletin
1448:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
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1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1120:P. latissimus
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
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1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
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1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
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992:
986:
981:
975:
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969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
949:
947:
945:
942:
941:
935:
931:
928:
927:dolichosaurid
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
909:C. crassidens
906:
903:
901:
900:
896:
895:
891:
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878:
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872:
869:
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827:
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773:
769:
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756:
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731:
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634:
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619:
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598:
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583:
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552:
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546:
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480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:Carlile Shale
400:
372:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
339:
335:
330:
327:
326:United States
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
271:
269:
265:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
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197:
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180:
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150:
147:
143:
139:
133:
128:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
46:
42:
38:
35:Carlile Shale
33:
30:
19:
2816:Pierre Shale
2786:Mancos Shale
2716:Dakota Group
2695:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2023:
2019:
1963:
1959:
1919:
1915:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1815:
1811:
1759:
1755:
1699:
1695:
1647:
1643:
1587:
1583:
1557:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1430:
1420:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1353:
1347:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1320:
1311:
1261:yellow ochre
1220:
1217:
1208:ptychodontid
1184:
1168:ptychodontid
1144:
1135:ptychodontid
1119:
1112:
1073:
1068:Cretoxyrhina
1066:
1037:
1030:
1017:
1012:
994:
908:
904:
897:
884:
879:
861:
819:Plesiosauria
782:
775:
762:
757:
739:
698:
694:
689:Terminonaris
687:
674:
669:
651:
623:
549:unconformity
522:
509:Mancos Shale
486:
473:South Dakota
469:North Dakota
449:Great Plains
428:
426:
356:Year defined
332:Type section
168:Mancos Group
29:
3838:Tremadocian
3606:Tournaisian
2796:Mowry Shale
2751:Juana Lopez
2465:D2 Sequence
2188:Pleistocene
1522:: 259β266.
1437:23 November
1074:C. mantelli
899:Coniasaurus
741:Plesiosaurs
732:Plesiosaurs
721:pholidosaur
519:Description
505:Black Hills
293: /
281:104Β°58β²44β³W
268:Coordinates
179:Juana Lopez
161:(lower); or
4152:Categories
3948:Guzhangian
3256:Cisuralian
2287:Aquitanian
1385:(1): 1β86.
1327:2017-02-03
1303:References
1257:rust stain
1151:Schoenchen
839:elasmosaur
802:pliosaurid
783:M. eulerti
712:A partial
629:plesiosaur
513:New Mexico
465:New Mexico
451:region of
278:38Β°22β²34β³N
252:Septarians
3887:Furongian
3706:Famennian
3217:Lopingian
3077:Olenekian
2514:Paleocene
2385:Oligocene
2264:Messinian
2040:0022-8443
1980:0022-8443
1936:226238444
1888:0022-8443
1840:209439997
1776:0022-8443
1716:0022-8443
1672:130165209
1604:0022-8443
1524:CiteSeerX
1234:Bentonite
1201:coprolite
1149:North of
1130:3 teeth.
1114:Ptychodus
1091:129549).
1087:A tooth (
1050:cartilage
1009:Location
876:Location
863:Squamates
854:Squamates
754:Location
699:T. browni
666:Location
609:Yocemento
515:in 1948.
445:formation
443:geologic
337:Named for
256:Bentonite
248:Siltstone
244:Sandstone
240:Limestone
220:Lithology
212:Thickness
192:Underlies
175:Sub-units
4106:Siderian
3939:Series 3
3896:Stage 10
3478:Gzhelian
3265:Asselian
2394:Chattian
2228:Zanclean
2219:Pliocene
2113:Colorado
1996:85825569
1896:88299661
1792:84678673
1784:41309621
1732:86027583
1724:20476320
1620:86273062
1612:20476300
1267:Selenite
1249:Limonite
1225:See also
1124:Kansas.
1094:A large
1032:Cretodus
1018:Material
971:mosasaur
885:Material
843:pliosaur
763:Material
675:Material
639:Reptiles
593:soldiers
503:and the
461:Nebraska
453:Colorado
433:Turonian
348:Named by
262:Location
202:Overlies
181:(CO, NM)
45:Turonian
3912:Paibian
3032:Anisian
2255:Miocene
2048:3628001
1988:3627900
1922:(3β4).
1820:Bibcode
1652:Bibcode
1489:Bibcode
1433:. OM-78
1025:Images
1006:Species
892:Images
873:Species
770:Images
751:Species
714:rostrum
682:Images
663:Species
633:fossils
627:series
555:Gallery
527:of the
477:Wyoming
439:series
351:Gilbert
314:Country
225:Primary
155:Unit of
120:↓
4068:Tonian
3806:Middle
3093:Induan
3023:Middle
2919:Middle
2448:Eocene
2046:
2038:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1934:
1894:
1886:
1838:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1670:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1526:
1269:, CaSO
1240:Pyrite
501:Kansas
475:, and
457:Kansas
323:
306:Region
3829:Lower
3785:Upper
3697:Upper
3068:Lower
3005:Upper
2957:Lower
2886:Upper
2850:Lower
2684:Upper
2044:JSTOR
1992:S2CID
1984:JSTOR
1932:S2CID
1892:S2CID
1836:S2CID
1788:S2CID
1780:JSTOR
1728:S2CID
1720:JSTOR
1668:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1608:JSTOR
1022:Notes
1003:Genus
889:Notes
870:Genus
787:Near
767:Notes
748:Genus
679:Notes
660:Genus
441:shale
431:is a
236:Other
229:Shale
2036:ISSN
1976:ISSN
1884:ISSN
1772:ISSN
1712:ISSN
1600:ISSN
1439:2020
1187:sp.
1089:UNSM
982:Fish
907:cf.
697:cf.
589:Hays
535:and
435:age
427:The
359:1896
170:(NM)
145:Type
59:Preκ
2111:of
2028:doi
2024:100
1968:doi
1964:107
1924:doi
1920:123
1876:doi
1872:119
1828:doi
1764:doi
1760:114
1704:doi
1700:110
1660:doi
1592:doi
1588:110
1497:doi
1485:235
1462:doi
1406:doi
1358:doi
1259:or
841:or
511:in
4154::
4041:pΠ
3198:Pz
3187:Ph
2995:Tr
2665:Mz
2654:Ph
2375:Pe
2169:Cz
2158:Ph
2042:.
2034:.
2022:.
2018:.
2004:^
1990:.
1982:.
1974:.
1962:.
1958:.
1944:^
1930:.
1918:.
1904:^
1890:.
1882:.
1870:.
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1800:^
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1648:33
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1628:^
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1538:^
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1483:.
1460:.
1458:66
1456:.
1429:.
1400:.
1383:10
1381:.
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1206:A
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1185:P.
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929:.
925:A
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905:C.
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804:.
800:A
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719:A
716:.
706:.
695:T.
479:.
471:,
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455:,
109:Pg
53:Ma
43::
4097:X
4059:Z
4050:β
4027:e
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4013:v
3878:Π
3776:O
3688:D
3597:M
3469:β
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3208:P
3172:e
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2877:J
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1970::
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114:N
104:K
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79:D
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69:O
64:κ
48:~
20:)
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