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that results from the spreading of cells due to actomyosin relaxation. Opposite to liquid dewetting, TEMs reach a maximum diameter, at which the driving force is balanced by a resisting force that develops along TEM edges (Figure 2). This resisting force is referred to as
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247:) corresponds to the resisting force along the edge of the tunnel that opposes membrane tension and limits dewetting. This line tension can have physical and molecular components.
385:"cAMP signaling by anthrax edema toxin induces transendothelial cell tunnels, which are resealed by MIM via Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization"
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Snapshot images taken from a video showing the nucleation and growth of a TEM in an endothelial cell intoxicated with C3 exoenzyme from
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Lemichez, E. (2012). "Transcellular tunnel dynamics: Control of cellular dewetting by actomyosin contractility and I-BAR proteins".
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47:(Figure 1). This phenomenon is analogous to the nucleation and growth of dry patches in viscous liquids spreading on a
333:"Induction of transient macroapertures in endothelial cells through RhoA inhibition by Staphylococcus aureus factors"
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The phenomenon of cellular dewetting can be interpreted by physical modeling (Figure 2). The
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substrate (Figure 2). Cellular dewetting is triggered by several protein toxins from
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responsible for the spontaneous formation of TEM tunnels and their opening is the
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143:, as depicted in Figure 2. Here, pulling is due to the tensioning of the
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and enlargement of transendothelial cell macroaperture (TEM) tunnels in
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147:(σ) that is partly counteracted by a line tension around the tunnel (
475:"Cellular dewetting: opening of macroapertures in endothelial cells"
233:, inducing a decrease in membrane tension, as described by
426:"Cytoskeletal coherence requires myosin-IIA contractility"
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27:for 24 hours, Bar = 10 μm. For the dynamics see
151:). In these conditions, the net driving force (
128:and is uncharacterized at the molecular level.
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199:{\displaystyle F_{D}=\sigma -{\frac {T}{R}}}
79:or to induction of the flux of cyclic-AMP (
67:. TEMs form in response to the rupture of
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229:. A tunnel increase in size relaxes the
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55:, notably the EDIN-like factors from
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308:Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena
158:) consists of two contributions:
91:Physics behind cellular dewetting
71:physical connections through the
473:Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D. (2012).
225:) depends on the tunnel radius
492:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.218105
139:pulling on a tunnel of radius
63:, as well as edema toxin from
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402:10.1016/j.chom.2011.09.014
383:Maddugoda, M. P. (2011).
306:De Gennes, P.-G. (2004).
75:due to inhibition of the
39:refers to the process of
479:Physical Review Letters
430:Journal of Cell Science
389:Cell Host & Microbe
337:Journal of Cell Biology
106:and cellular dewetting.
310:. New York: Springer.
208:Dewetting proceeds if
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349:10.1083/jcb.200509009
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61:Clostridium botulinum
57:Staphylococcus aureus
25:Clostridium botulinum
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265:Biology of the Cell
132:Physical parameters
53:pathogenic bacteria
442:10.1242/jcs.058297
331:Boyer, L. (2006).
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85:signaling molecule
65:Bacillus anthracis
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77:RhoA/ROCK pathway
45:endothelial cells
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49:non-wettable
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525:Biophysics
514:Categories
251:References
41:nucleation
184:−
181:σ
100:Figure 2.
73:cytoplasm
59:and from
37:dewetting
35:Cellular
21:Figure 1.
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367:16754962
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231:membrane
117:membrane
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121:tension
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289:S2CID
29:Video
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312:ISBN
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81:cAMP
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31:.
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