History of the Jews in Greece

4136: 4114: 3461: 4015: 3245:, between fifteen and twenty thousand more Sephardim settled in Thessaloniki. According to the Jewish Virtual Library: "Greece became a haven of religious tolerance for Jews fleeing the Spanish Inquisition and other persecution in Europe. The Ottomans welcomed the Jews because they improved the economy. Jews occupied administrative posts and played an important role in intellectual and commercial life throughout the empire." These immigrants established the city's first printing press, and the city became known as a centre for commerce and learning. The exile of other Jewish communities swelled the city's Jewish population, until Jews were the majority population in 1519. Ottoman Jews were obliged to pay special " 3392:. Bulgarian control would keep the city at the forefront of a national trade network, while Greek control might affect, for those of certain social classes and across ethnic groups, Thessaloniki's position as the destination of Balkan village trading. After the city was conquered by the Greeks in 1913, Thessaloniki Jews were accused of cooperating with the Turks and being traitors, and were subjected to pressure from the Greek army and local Greeks. As a result of the intense coverage of these pressures in the world press, the Venizelos government took a series of measures against antisemitic actions. After liberation, however, the Greek government won the support of the city's Jewish community, and Greece under 3357: 3026: 2758: 3449: 3665: 3175: 3962:, which started in 2009, has seen an increase in extremism of all kinds, which has included some cases of antisemitic vandalism. In 2010, the front of the Jewish Museum of Greece was defaced, for the first time ever. On Rhodes, on 26 October 2012, vandals spray-painted the city's Holocaust monument with swastikas. Partly to head off any new-found threat from extremism, thousands of Jewish and non-Jewish Greeks attended Thessaloniki's Holocaust Commemoration in March 2013. The meeting was personally addressed by Greece's prime minister, 3195: 4079: 3792: 3951:. The European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia 2002–2003 report on anti-Semitism in Greece mentioned several incidents over the two-year period making note that there were no instances of physical or verbal assaults on Jews, along with examples of "good practices" for countering prejudice. The report concluded that "...in 2003 the Chairman of the Central Jewish Board in Greece stated that he did not consider the rise in antisemitism to be alarming." 4099: 2745: 2831:, and were called by the Indians Kalani. Now this man, who entertained a large circle of friends and was on his way from the interior to the coast, not only spoke Greek but had the soul of a Greek. During my stay in Asia, he visited the same places as I did, and came to converse with me and some other scholars, to test our learning. But as one who had been intimate with many cultivated persons, it was rather he who imparted to us something of his own.'" 3782: 4001: 3702: 4047: 4033: 4061: 58: 4172: 4158: 6256: 5763: 6244: 5745: 2709:, among others. The Romaniotes are historically distinct from the Sephardim, some of whom settled in Greece after the 1492 expulsion of the Jews from Spain. All but a small number of the Romaniotes of Ioannina, the largest remaining Romaniote community not assimilated into Sephardic culture, were killed in the Holocaust. Ioannina today has 35 living Romaniotes. 3778:. Due to their efforts, 74% of the city's Jews were saved. Of the more than 1,000 Jews, only 130 were deported to Auschwitz. The Jewish community remained in Volos after the war, but a series of earthquakes in 1955-57 forced many of the remaining Jews to leave, with most immigrating to Israel or the United States. Only 50 to 60 Jews remain in Volos today. 2933: 117: 3328:, Thessaloniki was the only city in the Empire where some Jews "employed violence against the Christian population as a means of consolidating their political and economic power", as traders from the Jewish population closed their doors to traders from the Greek and Slav populations and physically intimidated their rivals. With the importation of modern 3803:. On 7 October 1944, during the uprising in Auschwitz, they attacked German forces with other Greek Jews, storming the crematoria and killing about twenty guards. A bomb was thrown into the furnace of the crematorium III, destroying the building. Before being massacred by the Germans, insurgents sang a song of the Greek partisan movement and the 3821:

appearance of the camp and the international jargon spoken is of prime importance." He described a strong patriotic sense among them, writing that their ability to survive in the camps was partly explained by the fact that "they are among the cohesive of the national groups, and from this point of view the most advanced."

2741:, and, until the Holocaust, the community "was a unique blend of Ottoman, Balkan and Hispanic influences", well known for its level of education. The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture calls Thessaloniki's Sephardic community "indisputably one of the most important ones in the world." 4135: 3844:. In August 1949, the Greek government announced that Jews of military age would be allowed to leave for Israel on condition that they renounced their Greek nationality, promise to never return, and take their families with them. The Greek Jews that moved to Israel established several villages, including 3935:

Misha Glenny wrote that Greek Jews had never "encountered anything remotely as sinister as north European anti-Semitism. The twentieth century had witnessed small amounts of anti-Jewish sentiment among Greeks... but it attracted an insignificant minority." The danger of deportation to death camps was

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created a "unique fusion of Greek and Jewish culture", while the Jews of Jerusalem were divided between conservative and pro-Hellene factions. Along with the influence of this Hellenistic fusion on the Jews who had found themselves part of a Greek empire, Karen Armstrong argues that the turbulence of

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The Greek Parliament has decided to give Greek citizenship back to all Holocaust survivors who lost their Greek citizenship when leaving the country. Those who are born outside Greece to either one or both Greek parents, or one or more Greek grandparents, are entitled to stake a claim to their right

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where very few survived. However, approximately two hundred out of a total population of 1,900 managed to flee. Many among the local populace at the time provided shelter and refuge to those 200 Jews that managed to escape the Nazis. As well, a prominent section of the old town is to this day called

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describes the group thus: "those Greeks, motionless and silent as the Sphinx, crouched on the ground behind their thick pot of soup." Those members of the community still alive during 1944 made a strong impression on the author. He noted: "Despite their low numbers their contribution to the overall

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ended much later, in 1912, as Greek soldiers entered the city in the last days of the First Balkan War. Thessaloniki's status had not been decided by the Balkan Alliance before the war, and Glenny writes that some amongst the city's majority Jewish population at first hoped that the city might be

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of Europe. The Sephardic population of Thessaloniki had risen to between twenty-five and thirty thousand members, leading to scarcity of resources, fires and hygiene problems. The end of the century saw great improvements, as the mercantile leadership of the Sephardic community, particularly the

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In the year 1523 the first printed edition of the Mahzor Romania was published in Venice, by Constantinopolitan Jews which contains the Minhag of the Jews from the Byzantine empire. This Minhag represents probably the oldest European Prayer rite. A polyglot edition of the Bible published in

3484:, but was later overwhelmed by German forces. The Germans had been gathering intelligence on Salonica's Jewish community since 1937. Some 60,000-70,000 Greek Jews, or at least 81% of the country's Jewish population, were murdered; especially in jurisdictions occupied by Nazi Germany and 3831:

Of the 55,000 Thessaloniki Jews deported to extermination camps in 1943, fewer than 5,000 survived. Many of those who returned found their former homes occupied by Greek families. The Greek government did little to assist the surviving Jewish community with property restoration.

3918:. This new faculty took in October 2015, her work on with leading professor Georgios Antoniou in the faculty of Philosophy. On the university campus a monument commemorating the old Jewish cemetery was unveiled also in 2014. The campus was built partially on this old cemetery. 5273: 2596:. Greek Jews today largely "live side by side in harmony" with Christian Greeks, according to Giorgo Romaio, president of the Greek Committee for the Jewish Museum of Greece, while nevertheless continuing to work with other Greeks, and Jews worldwide, to combat any rise of 3868:. Greece was the first country in Europe after the war to give back to its Jewish community possessions of Jews, that were killed by the Nazis in the Holocaust and the war as resistance fighters, so that the communities had the possibility for consolidation. 3954:

On 21 November 2003, Nikos Bistis, the Greek Deputy Minister of the Interior, declared January 27 to be Holocaust Remembrance Day in Greece, and committed to a "coalition of Greek Jews, Greek non-Jews, and Jews worldwide to fight antisemitism in Greece."

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shall be installed. A delegation and the president of the Jewish communities of Greece met in November 2016 with Greek politicians and asked them for support in their demand to get back the community archives of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki from

3766:, which was in the Italian zone of occupation, had a Jewish population of 882, and many Thessaloniki Jews fleeing the Nazis sought sanctuary there. By March 1944, more than 1,000 Jews lived there. In September 1943, when the Nazis took over, head rabbi 3419:. Those who could not get past British immigration restrictions simply came on tourist visas and disappeared into Tel Aviv's Greek community. Among them were some 500 dockworkers and their families, who settled in Haifa to work at its newly constructed 3155:

lands on Greek ground which were formerly parts of the Byzantine Empire. The Jews were at that time economically powerful though small in number, comprised a community of their own, separately from the Christians, and dealt in money lending.

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The community of Thessaloniki accused Germany to pay the manumission payments back, that the Jews of Greece paid to rescue their family members, after the Nazis asked for this money, but the Nazis hadn't freed the family members anyway. The

2537:. Despite efforts by Greeks to protect them, some 4,000 Jews were deported from the Bulgarian occupation zone to the Treblinka extermination camp. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, a large percentage of the surviving community emigrated to 4113: 5277: 3672:

In Corfu, after the fall of Italian fascism in 1943, the Nazis took control of the island. Corfu's mayor at the time, Kollas, was a known collaborator and various anti-Semitic laws were passed by the Nazis that now formed the

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In World War II the Deutsche Reichsbahn helped the Nazis to deport the Jews from Greece. In 2014, representatives of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki demanded from the Deutsche Bahn, which is the successor of the

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Most Jews in Greece are Sephardic, but Greece is also the home of the unique Romaniote culture. Besides the Sephardim and the Romaniotes, some Northern-Italian, Sicilian, Apulian, Provençal, Mizrahi and small

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After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, elements of Roman civilisation continued on in the Byzantine Empire. The Jews of Greece began to come under increasing attention from Byzantium's leadership in

3118:, before moving on to Constantinople. In Thebes, he reported a Jewish population of 2,000, the largest Jewish community in any Byzantine city of the 12th century, after Constantinople, the empire's capital. 3336:. Thessaloniki's Jewish community comprised more than half of the city's population until the early 1900s. As a result of the Jewish influence on the city, many non-Jewish inhabitants of Thessaloniki spoke 3507:, where most of the Jewish population were deported and killed. In contrast, larger percentages of Jews were able to survive, where the local population was helpful and hid the persecuted Jews, such as 3747:

returned to the Germans with a list of two names; his own and the mayor's. The island's population hid every member of the Jewish community. In 1947, a large number of the Jews of Zakynthos made

3538:, and most of their 60 synagogues and schools were destroyed, along with the old Jewish cemetery in the center of the city. Only 1,950 survived. Many survivors later emigrated to Israel and the 3914:

planned together with the Jewish community of Thessaloniki in 2014, the reopening of the Faculty of Jewish Studies. A former Jewish faculty was abolished 80 years before by the Greek dictator

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to a Greek citizenship through their ancestor(s) born in Greece. For the process of obtaining one's Greek citizenship, there is no need to prove the religious denomination of the ancestors.

4014: 3007:, was instrumental in the founding of many Christian churches throughout Rome, including Asia Minor and Greece. Paul's second missionary journey included proselytizing at Thessaloniki's 4295: 1715: 4785: 2600:

in Greece. Currently the Jewish community of Greece makes great efforts to establish a Holocaust museum in the country. A permanent pavilion about the Holocaust of Greek Jews in

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led to the territory changing rulership rapidly as Alexander's successors fought over control over the Persian territories. The region eventually came to be controlled by the

3903:, reimbursement for the heirs of Holocaust victims of Thessaloniki for the train fares that they were forced to pay for their deportation from Thessaloniki to Auschwitz and 2501:, a distinct Jewish population that historically lived in communities throughout Greece and neighboring areas with large Greek populations, Greece had a large population of 4848:

on the Holocaust in Corfu. "two hundred of the 2,000 Corfu Jews found sanctuary with Christian families" Also contains information about the Nazi collaborator mayor Kollas.

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in recognition of the Jewish contribution and continued presence in Corfu city. An active Synagogue (Συναγωγή) is an integral part of Evraiki today with about 65 members.

2465: 3759:, the first relief came from Israel, with a message that read "The Jews of Zakynthos have never forgotten their Mayor or their beloved Bishop and what they did for us." 229: 5131: 3887:. Today the Jews of Greece are integrated and are working in all fields of the Greek state and the Greek society, such in the fields of economy, science and politics. 2808:(Contra Apionem, I, 176–183), an even earlier mention of a Hellenized Jew by a Greek writer was to be found in the work "De Somno" (not extant) by the Greek historian 1252: 3980:

are on a high level. The relations between the Jewish community and the state are also good. However, prejudice against Jews is still deeply rooted in Greek society.

3430:, which was not typically hostile to Jews in general despite its fascist character, the stance of the Greek State towards the Jewish community was further improved. 4426: 3460: 1500: 6547: 6477: 3883:. As of 2020, about 5,000 Jews live in Greece, mostly in Athens (2500), with less than 1,000 in Thessaloniki. The Greek Jewish community has traditionally been 1754: 5064: 6113: 4724: 5350: 3284:

Constantinople in 1547 has the Hebrew text in the middle of the page, with a Judaeo-Spanish translation on one side and a Yevanic translation on the other.

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After a period, Alexandros Modiano, a Greek-Jewish politician, has been voted to official duties. Alexandros Modiano works in the City Council of Athens.

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won 18 seats in the Greek Parliament. Reportedly in 2005, it was officially disbanded, to no avail, by its leadership after conflicts with police and

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became one of the most honoured Greek officers of World War II in the postwar years, with a monument outside the national military academy in Athens.

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At Thessaloniki individual police officers rescued their Jewish friends and occasionally even their families, while in Athens the chief of police,

6694: 2518: 1051: 3519:. Perhaps the most important rescue efforts took place in Athens, where some 1,200 Jews were given false identity cards following the efforts of 6782: 6734: 6609: 6604: 6297: 4020: 3872: 2458: 1628: 1563: 1445: 4814: 3725:

off the Karageorge passenger boat, massacred them and sank the boat. The Bulgarians confiscated all of the Jewish properties and possessions.

3042:. Some Byzantine emperors were anxious to exploit the wealth of the Jews of Greece, and imposed special taxes on them, while others attempted 5703: 5688: 5627: 5600: 5555: 5251: 5158: 4673: 4568: 749: 6739: 6569: 4292: 1187: 4450:"Chronika" Vol. 57, Periodical of the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece, Athens March 1983, transl. from Goldschmidt, D. In 3273:("rabbi tax"). Sometimes, local rulers would also levy taxes for themselves, in addition to the taxes sent to the central authorities in 3046:

to Christianity. The latter pressure met with little success, as it was resisted by both the Jewish community and by the Greek Christian

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with immigrants from the West later in the century, moreover, some of Thessaloniki's Jews soon became the target of Greek and Armenian

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existence, were joined by a new Jewish colony in the 1st century AD. The Jews of Thessaloniki "enjoyed wide autonomy" in Roman times.

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Ganymedes: Als Beilage Zu D. Nachrichten uber den Bestand und die Thatigkeit des Nicolai-Gymnasiums zu Liben im Laufe des Jahres 1881

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As of 2019 the Jewish community in Greece amounts to about 6,000 people out of a population of 10.8 million, concentrated mainly in

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of the 17th century. However, following the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1715, Jews returned and lived there in relative peace.

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On July 11, 1942, the Jews of Thessaloniki were rounded up in preparation for slave labour. The community paid a fee of 2 billion

6772: 6574: 6106: 5886: 4125: 3785: 2839: 1836: 1818: 1724: 1618: 1470: 1465: 1390: 1355: 1222: 2757: 6777: 6724: 6699: 6654: 6649: 6624: 6482: 6151: 5871: 3356: 3291: 2777:. In the 2nd century BCE, Hyrcanus, a leader in the Jewish community of Athens, was honoured by the raising of a statue in the 2354: 2253: 1808: 1791: 1744: 1643: 1553: 1490: 1440: 1420: 1415: 1335: 1309: 1284: 1162: 1152: 1142: 1122: 1117: 6767: 3025: 2482:

can be traced back to at least the fourth century BCE. The oldest and the most characteristic Jewish group that has inhabited

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government of the island. In early June 1944, while the Allies bombed Corfu as a diversion from the landing in Normandy, the

1827: 1813: 1781: 1761: 1729: 1673: 1648: 1623: 1603: 1593: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1548: 1538: 1533: 1510: 1425: 1410: 1330: 1289: 1242: 1237: 1157: 1102: 4000: 5116:

Greek Jewry in the Twentieth Century, 1913-1973; Patterns of survival in the Greek Provinces before and after the Holocaust

6813: 6787: 6729: 6674: 6664: 6644: 6634: 6619: 6614: 6594: 6564: 6517: 6492: 6428: 6342: 6275: 6270: 6248: 6080: 6018: 5876: 5854: 5849: 4468: 4337:"Short History Of The Jewish Communities In Greece (pdf), publicized by the Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece" 4336: 4195: 3940: 2737:, the city which was to be named "Mother of Israel" in the years to come. The traditional language of Greek Sephardim was 2669:, but Yevanic has no surviving speakers recorded; today's Greek Romaniotes speak Greek. Large communities were located in 2248: 1786: 1771: 1734: 1696: 1668: 1658: 1653: 1638: 1633: 1613: 1583: 1558: 1524: 1495: 1395: 1380: 1304: 1294: 1212: 1182: 1107: 1093: 4985:, in Mr. Mor (ed.), Crisis and Reaction: The Hero in Jewish History, Omaha, Creighton University Press, 1995, p. 229–238. 729: 6704: 6659: 6584: 6554: 5727: 3959: 3880: 3664: 3488:. Although the Germans deported a great number of Greek Jews, some were successfully hidden by their Greek neighbours. 3448: 3066: 2972:

describes Greek Jews as a separate community from the Jews of Judaea, and the Jews of Greece did not participate in the

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communities have existed as well, in Thessaloniki and elsewhere. All these communities had not only their own custom (

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Annette B. Fromm, Folklore and Ethnic Identity of the Jewish Community of Ioannina, Greece, Lexington Books, 2008,

5132:"Amid their country's financial crisis, Greek Jews struggle and brace for more turmoil - Jewish Telegraphic Agency" 4892: 4185: 2657:

Romaniote Jews have lived in the territory of today's Greece for more than 2000 years. Their historic language was

2320: 2165: 1873: 1267: 463: 453: 189: 6762: 6384: 5065:"Greek Jews of Military Age May Go to Israel if They Pledge Never to Return to Greece - Jewish Telegraphic Agency" 4876: 4728: 3309: 810: 6174: 6147: 5342: 4060: 3892: 3485: 3439: 3377: 3215: 2434: 2127: 1978: 1919: 5518:

Blümel, Tobias (2017). "Antisemitism as political theology in Greece and its impact on Greek Jewry, 1967–1979".

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In general loyal to the Ottoman Empire, the Jews of southern Greece did not have a positive stance towards the

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Tsougarakis, N. I. and Lock, P. A Companion to Latin Greece, pp. 128, 142 and a chapter about the Jews. 2014

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visited Greece during his travels around 1161/1162 CE. After leaving southern Italy and sailing through the

2850: 2278: 2268: 2233: 2112: 2102: 1885: 1056: 998: 832: 511: 468: 183: 4838: 3324:

Allatini family, took advantage of new trade opportunities with the rest of Europe. According to historian

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The first settlement of Ashkenazi Jews in Greece occurred in 1376, heralding an Ashkenazi immigration from

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Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture Series. Stanford Stanford University Press, 2016. 400 pp.

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The middle of the 19th century, however, brought a change to Greek Jewish life. The Janissaries had been

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In 1519, the Jews represented 56% of the population of Thessaloniki, and in 1613, their share was 68%.

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http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=J.+Ap.+1.176&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0215

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printed for the congregations in Greece. The large variety of Jewish customs in Greece was unique.

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the period between the death of Alexander and the 2nd century BCE led to a resurgence of Jewish

4639: 4229: 3476:. 12,898 Greek Jews fought in the Greek army, one of the best-known amongst them being Colonel 2744: 6355: 6195: 5699: 5684: 5623: 5596: 5569: 5551: 4924: 4669: 4611: 4564: 3781: 3453: 3043: 2984: 2924:, which would inspire revolutionary sentiment when Jerusalem became part of the Roman Empire. 2908: 2884: 2828: 2809: 2407: 2349: 2329: 2146: 1706: 1345: 805: 676: 606: 483: 396: 263: 5103: 3083:(טוביה בן אליעזר), a Talmudist and poet of the 11th century, worked and lived in the city of 6137: 5972: 5967: 5916: 5673: 5527: 5274:"MONUMENT UNVEILED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI – IN MEMORY OF THE OLD JEWISH CEMETERY" 4552: 4323: 3825: 3812: 3710: 3477: 3443: 3369: 3219: 2988: 2892: 2522: 2377: 2258: 2218: 2182: 1880: 1430: 941: 697: 601: 516: 406: 198: 96: 92: 30: 6170: 6063: 5957: 5947: 5660: 5428: 5050: 5035: 4880: 4845: 4818: 4789: 4548: 4472: 4378: 4299: 3963: 3915: 3804: 3701: 3361: 3242: 3004: 2965: 2896: 2843: 2510: 2339: 2298: 2293: 2273: 2195: 2189: 2122: 2074: 1914: 1895: 1046: 775: 687: 670: 214: 84: 4944: 4553: 3755:(later Israel), while others moved to Athens. When the island was almost levelled by the 2976:

or later conflicts. The Jews of Thessaloniki, speaking a dialect of Greek, and living a

161: 6317: 6211: 5921: 5782: 5777: 5478: 4163: 3800: 3743:, was presented with the German order to hand over a list of Jews, Metropolitan Bishop 3717:

On March 4, 1943, Bulgarian soldiers with help from German soldiers took the Jews from

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a midrashic commentary on the Pentateuch and the Five Megillot and also of some poems.

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Andrew Apostolou, "Mother of Israel, Orphan of History: Writing on Jewish Salonika",

5539: 4593: 4177: 4142: 3857: 3740: 3729: 3539: 3524: 3420: 3329: 3269: 3231: 3203: 3129:

to avoid the persecution of Jews throughout the 15th century. Jewish immigrants from

2996: 2969: 2597: 2557: 2542: 2530: 2514: 2502: 2387: 2382: 1588: 1515: 1041: 890: 885: 880: 870: 848: 800: 562: 401: 306: 268: 219: 4608:

Travellers, Merchants and Settlers in the Eastern Mediterranean, 11th-14th Centuries

3257: 5982: 5906: 5561: 4858: 4261: 4205: 4105: 3948: 3884: 3853: 3775: 3767: 3492: 3481: 3384: 3325: 3320: 3183: 3165: 3151: 3115: 3099: 2961: 2957: 2862: 2858: 2734: 2682: 2613: 2601: 2553: 2417: 2243: 2084: 2079: 2037: 1990: 1084: 951: 936: 895: 860: 473: 315: 57: 5531: 5590: 4918: 2490:, also known as "Greek Jews." The term "Greek Jew" is predominantly used for any 6397: 3681:

rounded up the Jews of the city, temporarily incarcerated them at the old fort (

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During World War II, Greece was conquered by Nazi Germany and occupied by the

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In the Footsteps of the Jews of Greece: From Ancient Times to the Present Day

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in 1826, and traditional commercial routes were being encroached upon by the

3238:, and enjoyed economic prosperity through commercial trading in the Balkans. 6255: 5762: 5653: 5643: 3904: 3865: 3736: 3686: 3535: 3341: 3235: 3137:

also arrived in Greece, and created new Jewish communities in Thessaloniki.

3008: 2874: 2813: 2801: 2718: 2223: 2208: 1298: 1246: 1008: 956: 946: 627: 623: 613: 528: 288: 6243: 5744: 4873: 4264:, The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 1 2895:

in 332 BC, defeating the Persian empire which had held the territory since

976: 5008: 2857:, until the tragic near-destruction of the community after Greece fell to 4500:

The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p. 3

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According to the significant Jewish past and present of Thessaloniki the

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Recognised for his contributions to the Greek cause early on in the war,

3718: 3496: 3465: 3412: 3389: 3365: 3263: 3227: 3084: 3054: 2942: 2805: 2726: 2670: 2573: 2506: 2392: 2002: 1934: 765: 273: 224: 5009:"Mordechai Frizis: The Pride of the Greek Jewish Community - Greek News" 4583:

Medieval Jewish Civilisation: An Encyclopedia, Norman Roth, 2014 p. 127.

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The Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, p.2

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A Jewish minority continues to live in Greece. There are communities in

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Remembering the Past: Jewish Culture Battling for Survival in Macedonia

4666:

Jewish questions: responsa on Sephardic life in the early modern period

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The Holocaust in Greece at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

5300:"Breathing New Life Into Greece's Small but Historic Jewish Community" 4606:

Jacoby, David (2014). "Benjamin of Tudela and his „Book of Travels"".

4141:

An inscription on a rock by the sea of a possibly Jewish traveller at

2769:

The first recorded mention of Judaism in Greece dates from 300 to 250

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Greek Jews played an important role in Greek history, from the early

2774: 2762: 2706: 2702: 2690: 2639: 2634: 2606: 2593: 2589: 2549: 2538: 2483: 2028: 2023: 1983: 1968: 1079: 971: 391: 357: 343: 278: 121: 5225: 5373:"Global Anti-Semitism: Selected Incidents Around the World in 2012" 4555:

The Great Transformation: The Beginning of our Religious Traditions

5680:. A review of recent work on the Jewish community of Thessaloniki. 5634:

Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU, 2002-2003 Part on Greece

5252:"Thessaloniki University to get chair in Jewish Studies, memorial" 5118:, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Madison and Teaneck, 1996, 4652:

Salonique 1850–1918, la "ville des Juifs" et le réveil des Balkans

4052: 3921:

Today, the current Chief Rabbi of Greece is Rabbi Gabriel Negrin.

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Deportations of Jews from Greece.1943-1944. Anastasios Karababas,

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The wedding clothing of a Sepharadi Greek couple, ca. 19th century

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Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950

4998:, Julliard, 2007, pp. 121–122 (Chapter: Because of good and evil) 4592:

Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures,

3668:

A forged identity card with Christian alias during the Occupation

3799:

Many Jews from Salonika were put on death-camp work detail, the

2797: 143: 6401: 6215: 6095: 5716: 5696:

State, Nationalism, and the Jewish Communities of Modern Greece

5648:

Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture

4466:

The Holocaust in Greece: Ioannina. URL accessed April 15, 2006.

3816:, one of the most famous works of literature of the Holocaust, 3344:

Jews, and the city virtually shut down on Saturday, the Jewish

5620:

Jewish Salonica: Between the Ottoman Empire and Modern Greece.

5051:"Israel president attends Holocaust museum ceremony in Greece" 3308:, which had existed since antiquity, left the city during the 3222:

in 1913. During this period, the centre of Jewish life in the

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that lives in or originates from the modern region of Greece.

2491: 5036:"Greek president, jeered by name deal foes, denounces Nazism" 4427:"ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ ΣΥΝΑΝΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΑ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΥ ΕΒΡΑΪΣΜΟΥ" 3936:

repeatedly met with disbelief by Greece's Jewish population.

3214:

from the mid-15th century, until the conclusion of first the

3170:

History of the Jews in Thessaloniki § Under the Ottomans

5566:

The Balkans: nationalism, war and the great powers 1804-1999

4762:

The Balkans: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers 1804-1999

4641:, Jewish Virtual Library The Virtual History Tour of Greece. 3739:, however, survived the Holocaust. When the island's mayor, 3380:; so often they became also targets by the revolutionaries. 2505:, and is a historical center of Sephardic life; the city of 3234:

of Thessaloniki were the exclusive tailors for the Ottoman

5638:

European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC)

5505:, Website of the US-American-Greek Lawyer Christos Kiosses 5479:"Greece Passes 'Law of Return' for Aged, Native-born Jews" 4857:

From the interview of a survivor interviewed in the film "

4668:. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. p. 6. 3452:

Jewish soldier (right) at the Albanian front during the

2521:, and became a source of education and commerce for the 3403:

In 1934, a large number of Jews from Thessaloniki made

3249:" to the Ottoman authorities. These taxes included the 3774:

resistance movement to find sanctuary for the Jews in

3348:, given it sometimes the name of 'Little Jerusalem." 3057:

was written down in the 10th century in the Byzantine

3011:

until driven out of the city by its Jewish community.

2620:

elected mayor in Greece. He was elected in June 2019.

3182:, marking the southeastern edge of Jewish quarter of 5093:. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. 4496: 4494: 4492: 2007: 1988: 411: 6753: 6715: 6435: 6341: 6306: 6263: 6037: 6001: 5940: 5899: 5837: 5802: 5791: 5770: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 3984:

Obtaining Greek citizenship for Jews outside Greece

3879:. The community has had a small decrease since the 3732:, and his men actively supported and rescued Jews. 3480:, in a force which first successfully repelled the 2827:(modern Lebanon). These Jews were derived from the 2616:, a 65-year-old doctor is believed to be the first 102: 74: 64: 4543: 4541: 4319:Doctor thought to be 1st Jew voted mayor in Greece 3713:), Vallentine Mitchell, London/Chicago, 2024, p.15 3534:for their freedom. Yet 50,000 people were sent to 4456:, Vol. 13, Jerusalem, Ben Zvi Institute 1971-1978 4383:The Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece 4372:Current Activities of the Jewish Museum of Greece 3795:Holocaust memorial at the Jewish cemetery, Rhodes 4812:The Jerusalem of the Balkans: Salonica 1856-1919 4517:. Liepaja: Verlag von Rudolph Puhze. p. 10. 3840:Following the war, many Greek Jews emigrated to 2823:"'Well', said Aristotle, 'the man was a Jew of 2820:, who was fluent in Greek language and thought: 2816:(who lived in the 4th century BCE) and a Jew in 2812:. Here Clearchus describes the meeting between 2533:after Greece was conquered and occupied by the 5398:"Thessaloniki remembers lost Jewish community" 5159:"With Economy Crashing, Greek Jews Eye Aliyah" 4983:Forgotten heroes: Greek Jewry in the holocaust 3978:diplomatic relations between Greece and Israel 3077:edited and expanded the Sefer Josippon later. 2517:." Greek Jews played an important role in the 6413: 6227: 6107: 5728: 4725:"Federasyonumuz Ağustos'ta Batı Trakya'daydı" 3546:General and Jewish population of Thessaloniki 3426:Later, with the establishment in 1936 of the 3396:was one of the first countries to accept the 3149:degraded the position of the Jews in the new 2459: 18:Central Board of Jewish Communities in Greece 8: 4559:(First ed.). New York: Knopf. pp. 4482: 4480: 4119:The Chief Rabbi of Athens from 1913 to 1924 46: 4288: 4286: 3491:The losses were significant in places like 3468:are forced to exercise or dance, July 1942. 3360:Many Greek Jews including the ancestors of 3021:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 703:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 6420: 6406: 6398: 6234: 6220: 6212: 6114: 6100: 6092: 5834: 5799: 5735: 5721: 5713: 5196:"One way tickets Thessaloniki – Auschwitz" 4923:. Stanford University Press. p. 148. 3434:World War II, Resistance and the Holocaust 2466: 2452: 2316: 1957: 1030: 837: 442: 311: 130: 56: 45: 6142:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 5464: 5182: 4969: 4314: 4312: 3033:is offered gold and silver by the Rabbis. 2964:had a different experience than those of 2733:. They largely settled in cities such as 5520:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 5126: 5124: 4874:Central Jewish Council of Greece website 4834: 4832: 4830: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4794:Athens -- United States Holocaust Museum 4783:Athens -- United States Holocaust Museum 3790: 3780: 3700: 3663: 3549: 3193: 3024: 2931: 4839:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4397:"Holocaust Museum to Be Build [ 4304:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 4221: 3996: 3770:worked with Archbishop Ioakeim and the 3685:) and on the 10th of June sent them to 2834:Archaeologists have discovered ancient 2717:The majority of the Jews in Greece are 2367: 2319: 2145: 2092: 2059: 2036: 1960: 1826: 1714: 1688: 1523: 1317: 1092: 1064: 923: 757: 686: 586: 501: 445: 365: 342: 314: 142: 4869: 4867: 4531:, I.176-183. Retrieved 6/16/2012 from 3707:In the Footsteps of the Jews of Greece 4945:"Bird flu confirmed in Jordan Valley" 2983:Originally a persecutor of the early 2529:, until suffering devastation in the 7: 5589:Karababas, Anastasios (2024-01-30). 4401:] in Greece - GreekReporter.com" 6276:Karaolos prisoner of war camp (WWI) 4511:Veckenstedt, Johann Albrecht Edmund 4230:"The Virtual Jewish World — Greece" 4191:History of the Jews of Thessaloniki 2911:, and the area became increasingly 2853:, through the Byzantine Empire and 5595:. Vallentine Mitchell Publishers. 5546:Giorgios Antoniou, A. Dirk Moses: 4920:The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945 4917:Bowman, Steven B. (October 2009). 4750:The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940-1945 4293:Zakynthos: The Holocaust in Greece 25: 5353:from the original on 10 June 2015 4822:The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki 4007:Monastir Synagogue (Thessaloniki) 2846:, dating to the 2nd century BCE. 2519:early development of Christianity 494:Historical population comparisons 6328:Cypriot people of Jewish descent 6254: 6242: 5761: 5743: 5644:Jewish Community of Thessaloniki 5343:"Greece's Jewish museum defaced" 4170: 4156: 4134: 4112: 4097: 4077: 4059: 4045: 4031: 4013: 3999: 3945:in September 2015 Greek election 3786:Holocaust memorial, Thessaloniki 2995:, himself a Hellenized Jew from 2840:Synagogue in the Agora of Athens 1138:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1052:Historical population by country 5640:. URL accessed April 15, 2006. 5049:Costas Kantouris (2018-01-30). 5034:Costas Kantouris (2019-01-27). 4610:. Routledge. pp. 160–161. 4395:Makris, A. (22 December 2013). 3907:between March and August 1943. 3063:Greek-speaking Jewish community 2903:. After Alexander's death, the 2761:Mosaic floor of a synagogue in 6429:History of the Jews in Europe 6356:Larnaca (also Great Synagogue) 5650:. URL accessed April 15, 2006. 4385:. URL accessed April 15, 2006. 3735:The 275 Jews of the island of 2960:in 146 BC. The Jews living in 2586:functioning synagogue on Crete 1: 6019:Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki 5584:. Princeton University Press. 5550:. Cambridge University 2018, 5532:10.1080/14683857.2017.1324263 5503:Obtaining A Greek Citizenship 5477:Maltz, Judy (21 March 2014). 5441:"Δημοτικοί Σύμβουλοι - Αθήνα" 4824:. URL accessed July 10, 2006. 4796:, URL accessed July 15, 2015. 4705:. URL accessed July 10, 2006. 4196:History of the Jews in Cyprus 3856:. Some also emigrated to the 3218:ending in 1832, and then the 2804:were no doubt. According to 2525:and throughout the period of 2480:history of the Jews in Greece 709:Christianity and Judaism 6281:Internment camps (post-WWII) 6054:Don Pacifico affair and case 5568:, New York: Viking Penguin. 4727:. 2015-09-27. Archived from 4306:, URL accessed May 25, 2014. 4232:. The Virtual Jewish Library 3966:, who delivered a speech to 3960:Greek government debt crisis 3881:Greek government-debt crisis 3067:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi 2987:until his conversion on the 2753:History of Judaism in Greece 2513:, was called the "Mother of 5694:Doxiadis, Evdoxios (2018). 5157:Maltz, Judy (8 July 2012). 3212:ruled by the Ottoman Empire 3180:White Tower of Thessaloniki 2637:), they also had their own 2588:, while very few remain in 2008: 1989: 1716:Latin America and Caribbean 412: 6840: 6819:Jews and Judaism in Greece 6250:Jews and Judaism in Cyprus 6009:Holocaust Museum of Greece 4186:Holocaust Museum of Greece 3928: 3848:, and many settled in the 3437: 3163: 3087:. He is the author of the 3018: 2872: 2650: 2321:Jewish political movements 2018:Conversion to Judaism 28: 6373: 6166: 6129: 6078: 5698:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 5678:10.1080/13537120601063499 5230:www.zug-der-erinnerung.eu 4471:October 20, 2004, at the 3895:dismissed this petition. 3893:European Court of Justice 3745:Chrysostomos of Zakynthos 3440:Axis Occupation of Greece 3378:Greek War of Independence 3301:for the years 1566–1579. 3216:Greek War of Independence 2838:in Greece, including the 2721:whose ancestors had left 2624:Jewish cultures in Greece 724:Hinduism and Judaism 107: 79: 69: 55: 6070:National Union of Greece 5582:Greece: A Jewish History 4897:JewishVirtualLibrary.org 3757:great earthquake of 1953 3304:The Jewish community in 3094:Spanish Jewish explorer 550:Temple in Jerusalem 243:Bar and bat mitzvah 6333:Cyprus–Israel relations 6024:Jewish Museum of Rhodes 6014:Jewish Museum of Greece 5548:The Holocaust in Greece 5250:World Jewish Congress. 4211:Greece–Israel relations 4201:Jewish Museum of Greece 3943:, exists in Greece and 2851:History of Christianity 512:Twelve Tribes of Israel 6478:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5927:Hebrew Political Union 5610:Mazower, Mark (2004). 5377:Anti-Defamation League 4664:Goldish, Matt (2008). 3931:Antisemitism in Greece 3925:Antisemitism in Greece 3796: 3788: 3714: 3669: 3469: 3457: 3373: 3340:, the language of the 3207: 3200:Kahal Shalom Synagogue 3191: 3034: 2974:First Jewish-Roman War 2946: 2766: 2749: 2689:and on the islands of 2612:Independent candidate 128: 6824:Romaniote Jews topics 6148:Roman Catholic Church 6029:Kehila Kedosha Janina 5200:faktencheckhellas.org 4703:Central Europe Review 4697:Daskalovski, Zhidas. 4021:Beth Shalom Synagogue 3993:Jewish religious life 3939:A neo-fascist group, 3929:Further information: 3805:Greek national anthem 3794: 3784: 3704: 3667: 3521:Archbishop Damaskinos 3463: 3451: 3394:Eleftherios Venizelos 3359: 3310:Ottoman–Venetian wars 3297:was appointed as the 3230:or Thessaloniki. The 3197: 3177: 3028: 2935: 2891:conquered the former 2760: 2747: 1258:São Tomé and Príncipe 1253:Republic of the Congo 647:Second Temple Judaism 518:Kingdom of Judah 489:Modern historiography 119: 6814:Jewish Greek history 6379:List of Cypriot Jews 5932:Maccabi Thessaloniki 5580:Fleming, KE (2008). 5226:"Zug der Erinnerung" 5091:"The Jews of Greece" 4748:Bowman, Stephen B.: 4353:on 26 September 2007 4067:Etz Hayyim Synagogue 3912:Aristotle University 3852:and the area around 3850:Florentine, Tel Aviv 3383:The Ottoman rule in 3243:expulsion from Spain 3188:the Mother of Israel 3029:"Byzantine Emperor" 2905:Wars of the Diadochi 2509:or Thessaloniki, in 2360:World Agudath Israel 1501:United Arab Emirates 588:Second Temple period 578:Babylonian captivity 124:(dark green) in the 6716:States with limited 6059:1891 riots in Corfu 5810:Hellenistic Judaism 5445:www.cityofathens.gr 5114:Plaut, Joshua Eli, 5053:. Associated Press. 5038:. Associated Press. 5013:GreekNewsOnline.com 4527:Josephus, Flavius. 4090:Leonidas Papazoglou 3901:Deutsche Reichsbahn 3409:Mandatory Palestine 3398:Balfour Declaration 3368:during the violent 3299:Duke of Archipelago 3031:Alexander the Great 3001:Alexander the Great 2999:, part of the post- 2889:Alexander the Great 2879:Hellenistic Judaism 2829:Indian philosophers 2713:Sephardim in Greece 653:Hellenistic Judaism 231:Land of Israel 190:Principles of faith 52: 6386:List of synagogues 6123:Religion in Greece 6049:Rhodes blood libel 5912:Jewish Koine Greek 5659:2006-03-06 at the 5427:2013-10-29 at the 5206:on 8 February 2017 4879:2007-10-17 at the 4844:2012-12-08 at the 4817:2008-12-26 at the 4788:2015-07-15 at the 4650:Gilles Veinstein, 4425:Matathia, Rachel. 4377:2006-10-09 at the 4298:2014-05-21 at the 3968:Monastir Synagogue 3836:Post-war community 3797: 3789: 3715: 3694:(Εβραική) meaning 3670: 3562:Jewish percentage 3559:Jewish population 3470: 3458: 3374: 3352:Independent Greece 3208: 3192: 3096:Benjamin of Tudela 3081:Tobiah ben Eliezer 3044:forced conversions 3035: 2954:Hellenistic Greece 2947: 2899:' conquest of the 2869:Hellenistic period 2796:, as his brothers 2786:Edmund Veckenstedt 2767: 2750: 2214:Jewish Koine Greek 1756:Dominican Republic 1037:Judaism by country 716:Jews and Christmas 571:Assyrian captivity 129: 6801: 6800: 6395: 6394: 6209: 6208: 6152:Greek Catholicism 6089: 6088: 5895: 5894: 5833: 5832: 5705:978-1-4742-6348-1 5689:978-0-7391-2061-3 5628:978-1-5036-0008-9 5602:978-1-80371-043-3 5556:978-1-108-47467-2 5402:TimesOfIsrael.com 5280:on 5 January 2022 5015:. 29 October 2012 4675:978-0-691-12264-9 4570:978-0-676-97465-2 4405:GreekReporter.com 3970:in Thessaloniki. 3662: 3661: 3556:Total population 3523:and police chief 3454:Greco-Italian War 2985:Jewish Christians 2909:Ptolemaic dynasty 2885:Macedonian empire 2810:Clearchus of Soli 2773:on the island of 2476: 2475: 2425: 2424: 2173: 2172: 1920:Reconstructionist 1864: 1863: 1016: 1015: 823: 822: 660:Jewish–Roman wars 608:Hasmonean dynasty 524:Kingdom of Israel 428: 427: 114: 113: 16:(Redirected from 6831: 6754:Dependencies and 6695:Northern Ireland 6436:Sovereign states 6422: 6415: 6408: 6399: 6387: 6380: 6345: 6310: 6288:Byzantine Empire 6258: 6251: 6246: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6213: 6138:Church of Greece 6116: 6109: 6102: 6093: 6083: 6041: 5968:Mordechai Frizis 5917:Yevanic language 5860:Internment camps 5835: 5800: 5795: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5747: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5714: 5709: 5615: 5614:. 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561: 553: 549: 540: 535:in Judaism 532: 517: 440: 430: 429: 309: 299: 298: 242: 230: 175: 50: 49:Έλληνες Εβραίοι 48: 44: 41: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6837: 6835: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6806: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6756:other entities 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6721: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6685:United Kingdom 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6498:Czech Republic 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6393: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6382: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6353: 6349: 6347: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6231: 6224: 6216: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6145: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6096: 6087: 6086: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5941:Notable people 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5815:Byzantine Jews 5812: 5806: 5804: 5797: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5783:Sephardic Jews 5780: 5778:Romaniote Jews 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5704: 5691: 5681: 5667:Israel Affairs 5663: 5651: 5641: 5631: 5616: 5607: 5601: 5586: 5577: 5559: 5544: 5526:(2): 181–202. 5513: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5495: 5469: 5467:, p. 255. 5465:Karababas 2024 5457: 5432: 5414: 5389: 5364: 5334: 5325: 5316: 5291: 5264: 5242: 5217: 5187: 5183:Karababas 2024 5175: 5149: 5120: 5107: 5096: 5082: 5056: 5041: 5026: 5000: 4987: 4974: 4972:, p. 165. 4970:Karababas 2024 4962: 4936: 4930:978-0804755849 4929: 4909: 4884: 4863: 4850: 4826: 4798: 4775: 4766: 4760:Misha Glenny. 4753: 4741: 4716: 4707: 4690: 4688:Glenny, p. 183 4681: 4674: 4656: 4643: 4632: 4623: 4616: 4598: 4596:, 2011, p. 122 4585: 4576: 4569: 4537: 4529:Contra Apionem 4520: 4502: 4488: 4476: 4458: 4443: 4417: 4387: 4364: 4328: 4308: 4282: 4266: 4243: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4167: 4164:Judaism portal 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4140: 4133: 4131: 4118: 4111: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4094: 4088:, 1904 (photo 4083: 4076: 4074: 4065: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4030: 4028: 4019: 4012: 4010: 4005: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3926: 3923: 3837: 3834: 3683:Palaio Frourio 3660: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3544: 3435: 3432: 3428:Metaxas regime 3411:, settling in 3388:controlled by 3353: 3350: 3275:Constantinople 3161: 3160:Ottoman Empire 3158: 3147:Fourth Crusade 3142: 3139: 3055:Sefer Yosippon 3040:Constantinople 3016: 3013: 2993:Paul of Tarsus 2938:Paul of Tarsus 2929: 2926: 2915:. The Jews of 2870: 2867: 2855:Ottoman Greece 2754: 2751: 2714: 2711: 2667:Greek language 2653:Romaniote Jews 2651:Main article: 2648: 2645: 2625: 2622: 2527:Ottoman Greece 2474: 2473: 2471: 2470: 2463: 2456: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2355:Territorialism 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2324: 2323: 2315: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2239:Judaeo-Spanish 2236: 2234:Judaeo-Iranian 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2186: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2150: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2097: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2014: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1877: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1680:United Kingdom 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1113:Bilad-el-Sudan 1110: 1105: 1097: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1069: 1068: 1066:Land of Israel 1062: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 995: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 926: 925: 924:Related groups 921: 920: 919: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 857: 856: 851: 836: 831: 830: 827: 826: 821: 820: 819: 818: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 781:Jewish atheism 778: 773: 768: 760: 759: 755: 754: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732:Islamic–Jewish 727: 720: 705: 700: 692: 691: 684: 683: 682: 681: 657: 644: 616: 611: 604: 599: 597:Yehud Medinata 591: 590: 584: 583: 582: 581: 574: 567: 559: 546: 538: 526: 521: 514: 506: 505: 503:Ancient Israel 499: 498: 497: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 459:Land of Israel 456: 448: 447: 441: 436: 435: 432: 431: 426: 425: 424: 423: 418: 414:Shulchan Aruch 409: 404: 399: 394: 386: 385: 384: 383: 378: 370: 369: 363: 362: 361: 360: 355: 347: 346: 340: 339: 338: 337: 332: 327: 319: 318: 310: 305: 304: 301: 300: 297: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 239: 234: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 192: 187: 180:God in Judaism 176: 171: 170: 167: 166: 165: 164: 159: 151: 150: 140: 139: 126:European Union 112: 111: 105: 104: 100: 99: 89:Judaeo-Spanish 77: 76: 72: 71: 67: 66: 62: 61: 42: 39:Romaniote Jews 35:Byzantine Jews 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6836: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6768:Faroe Islands 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6740:South Ossetia 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6714: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6570:Liechtenstein 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6400: 6388: 6383: 6381: 6376: 6375: 6372: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6245: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6159: 6158:Protestantism 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6112: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6084: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5993:Salamo Arouch 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978:Roza Eskenazi 5976: 5974: 5973:Raphaël Salem 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5963:Gina Bachauer 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5953:Sabbatai Zevi 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5826: 5825:The Holocaust 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5746: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5707: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5574:0-14-023377-6 5571: 5567: 5563: 5562:Glenny, Misha 5560: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5499: 5496: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5458: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5415: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5279: 5275: 5272:Efi Ezsrati. 5268: 5265: 5253: 5246: 5243: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5176: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5150: 5138:. 6 July 2015 5137: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5083: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5027: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4932: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4913: 4910: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4810:Molho, Rena. 4807: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4779: 4776: 4773:Glenny, p.508 4770: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4731:on 2015-09-27 4730: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4714:Glenny, p.236 4711: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4619: 4617:9780367600624 4613: 4609: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4594:Robert Bonfil 4589: 4586: 4580: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4486:Glenny, p.512 4483: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4447: 4444: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4418: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4178:Greece portal 4168: 4165: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4143:Syros, Greece 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4084:The rabbi of 4080: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4016: 4011: 4008: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3950: 3949:anti-fascists 3946: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3858:United States 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3808: 3806: 3802: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741:Loukas Karrer 3738: 3733: 3731: 3730:Angelos Evert 3726: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3709:(Prologue by 3708: 3703: 3699: 3697: 3696:Jewish suburb 3693: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3540:United States 3537: 3533: 3528: 3526: 3525:Angelos Ebert 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3467: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3364:had to leave 3363: 3358: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3338:Judeo-Spanish 3335: 3331: 3330:anti-Semitism 3327: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3204:Rhodes (city) 3201: 3196: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3102:, he visited 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3071:Romaniote Jew 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970:New Testament 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2784:According to 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2739:Judeo-Spanish 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2632: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2598:anti-Semitism 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2558:Judeo-Spanish 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2543:United States 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2503:Sephardi Jews 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2307: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2279:Judeo-Aramaic 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2269:Judeo-Italian 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2249:Ghardaïa Sign 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2179: 2178: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 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1722: 1721: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1702:United States 1700: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1188:Guinea-Bissau 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1042:Lists of Jews 1040: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 969: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 928: 927: 922: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 845: 842: 841: 840: 839: 834: 829: 828: 817: 809: 807: 804: 802: 801:The Holocaust 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 762: 761: 756: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 728: 726: 721: 717: 711: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 695: 694: 693: 689: 685: 678: 672: 666: 661: 658: 654: 648: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 593: 592: 589: 585: 580: 575: 573: 568: 564: 560: 557: 552: 547: 543: 539: 536: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 507: 504: 500: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 451: 450: 449: 444: 439: 434: 433: 422: 419: 416: 415: 410: 408: 405: 403: 402:Mishneh Torah 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 388: 387: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 371: 368: 364: 359: 356: 354: 351: 350: 349: 348: 345: 341: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 322: 321: 320: 317: 313: 308: 303: 302: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 240: 238: 235: 233: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 200: 196: 193: 191: 188: 185: 181: 178: 177: 174: 169: 168: 163: 162:Who is a Jew? 160: 158: 155: 154: 153: 152: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 118: 110: 106: 101: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 68: 63: 59: 54: 51:יהודים יוונים 40: 36: 32: 27: 19: 6745:Transnistria 6532: 6323:Cypriot Jews 6292: 6253: 6247: 6180: 6040:Antisemitism 5988:Albert Cohen 5983:Karolos Koun 5907:Greek citron 5882:Thessaloniki 5820:Ottoman Jews 5792: 5760: 5748: 5695: 5669: 5666: 5647: 5637: 5619: 5611: 5591: 5581: 5565: 5547: 5523: 5519: 5498: 5486:. Retrieved 5482: 5472: 5460: 5448:. Retrieved 5444: 5435: 5417: 5405:. Retrieved 5401: 5392: 5380:. Retrieved 5376: 5367: 5355:. Retrieved 5346: 5337: 5328: 5319: 5307:. Retrieved 5303: 5294: 5282:. Retrieved 5278:the original 5267: 5255:. Retrieved 5245: 5233:. Retrieved 5229: 5220: 5208:. Retrieved 5204:the original 5199: 5190: 5185:, p. 2. 5178: 5166:. Retrieved 5162: 5152: 5140:. Retrieved 5135: 5115: 5110: 5099: 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5068: 5059: 5044: 5029: 5017:. Retrieved 5012: 5003: 4995: 4994:Primo Levi, 4990: 4982: 4977: 4965: 4953:. Retrieved 4948: 4939: 4919: 4912: 4900:. Retrieved 4896: 4887: 4853: 4821: 4793: 4778: 4769: 4761: 4756: 4749: 4744: 4733:. Retrieved 4729:the original 4719: 4710: 4702: 4693: 4684: 4665: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4635: 4626: 4607: 4601: 4588: 4579: 4554: 4528: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4461: 4451: 4446: 4434:. Retrieved 4430: 4420: 4408:. Retrieved 4404: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4367: 4355:. Retrieved 4348:the original 4343: 4331: 4322: 4303: 4262:Samuel Usque 4234:. Retrieved 4224: 4206:Greek Citron 4106:Moshe Pesach 3987: 3975: 3972: 3957: 3953: 3938: 3934: 3920: 3909: 3897: 3889: 3885:pro-European 3877:Thessaloniki 3870: 3854:Jaffa Harbor 3839: 3830: 3823: 3811: 3810:In his book 3809: 3798: 3776:Mount Pelion 3768:Moses Pesach 3762:The city of 3761: 3734: 3727: 3716: 3706: 3695: 3691: 3671: 3545: 3529: 3493:Thessaloniki 3490: 3482:Italian Army 3471: 3425: 3402: 3385:Thessaloniki 3382: 3375: 3326:Misha Glenny 3321:Great Powers 3314: 3303: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3247:Jewish taxes 3241:After their 3240: 3209: 3187: 3184:Thessaloniki 3166:Ottoman Jews 3150: 3144: 3141:Frankokratia 3120: 3116:Thessaloniki 3100:Adriatic Sea 3093: 3088: 3079: 3052: 3036: 2982: 2962:Roman Greece 2958:Roman Empire 2956:fell to the 2948: 2936: 2928:Roman Greece 2882: 2863:World War II 2859:Nazi Germany 2848: 2833: 2822: 2783: 2768: 2735:Thessaloniki 2716: 2656: 2638: 2627: 2614:Moses Elisaf 2611: 2602:KZ Auschwitz 2554:Thessaloniki 2547: 2496: 2479: 2477: 2418:Post-Zionism 2289:Judeo-Berber 2284:Judeo-Arabic 2244:Judeo-Gascon 1991:Pidyon haben 1910:Conservative 1598: 1456:Saudi Arabia 1274:South Africa 1263:Sierra Leone 1085:Israeli Jews 999:Mosaic Arabs 952:Kaifeng Jews 813:Arab–Israeli 786:Emancipation 665:Great Revolt 474:Anti-Judaism 469:Antisemitism 464:Name "Judea" 259:Baal teshuva 43:Ethnic group 26: 6783:Isle of Man 6718:recognition 6670:Switzerland 6605:Netherlands 5838:By location 5771:Communities 5672::1:193-204 5422:demotix.com 5332:EUMC, p. 13 5323:EUMC, p. 12 5136:www.jta.org 5069:www.jta.org 4893:"Cuomotini" 4654:, pp. 42–45 4236:11 December 4124: [ 4121:Haïm Castel 3941:Golden Dawn 3474:Axis powers 3295:Marrano Jew 3288:Joseph Nasi 3236:Janissaries 3210:Greece was 3089:Lekach Tov, 3059:south Italy 2913:Hellenistic 2901:Babylonians 2825:Coele Syria 2535:Axis powers 2413:Revisionist 2403:Neo-Zionism 2010:Zeved habat 1803:Puerto Rico 1629:Netherlands 1461:South Korea 1446:Philippines 1326:Afghanistan 1193:Ivory Coast 967:Crypto-Jews 932:Bnei Anusim 911:Bene Israel 876:Beta Israel 833:Communities 740:Middle Ages 479:Persecution 254:Bereavement 47:Greek Jews 6808:Categories 6640:San Marino 6600:Montenegro 6580:Luxembourg 6560:Kazakhstan 6463:Azerbaijan 6344:Synagogues 6082:Synagogues 4764:. Page 512 4735:2021-02-21 4217:References 3976:Today the 3846:Tsur Moshe 3818:Primo Levi 3675:occupation 3438:See also: 3292:Portuguese 3270:Rav akçesi 3267:, and the 3019:See also: 2978:Hellenized 2922:messianism 2917:Alexandria 2836:synagogues 2818:Asia Minor 2647:Romaniotes 2499:Romaniotes 2488:Romaniotes 2398:Maximalism 2350:Secularism 2330:Autonomism 2147:Literature 1940:Humanistic 1544:Azerbaijan 1506:Uzbekistan 1481:Tajikistan 1401:Kyrgyzstan 1386:Kazakhstan 1233:Mozambique 1208:Madagascar 1128:Cape Verde 1080:New Yishuv 1075:Old Yishuv 1026:Population 1004:Subbotniks 962:Samaritans 901:Romanyotim 844:Ashkenazim 791:Old Yishuv 771:Sabbateans 758:Modern era 750:Golden Age 677:Bar Kokhba 397:Beit Yosef 264:Philosophy 29:See also: 6773:Gibraltar 6575:Lithuania 6352:Ayia Napa 6318:Romaniote 6186:Hellenism 5887:Zakynthos 5540:148887813 4949:JPost.com 3905:Treblinka 3866:Australia 3753:Palestine 3737:Zakynthos 3687:Auschwitz 3536:Auschwitz 3342:Sephardic 3317:destroyed 3232:Sephardim 3009:synagogue 2950:Macedonia 2875:Hasmonean 2814:Aristotle 2802:Assarakos 2719:Sephardim 2681:, Corfu, 2631:Ashkenazi 2531:Holocaust 2408:Religious 2264:Zarphatic 2254:Bukharian 2224:Judeo-Tat 2209:Yeshivish 2183:Languages 2138:Sephardic 2128:Israelite 2118:Ethiopian 2108:Ashkenazi 2047:Religious 1837:Australia 1819:Venezuela 1725:Argentina 1707:Greenland 1619:Lithuania 1471:Sri Lanka 1466:Singapore 1391:Kurdistan 1356:Indonesia 1346:Hong Kong 1299:Abayudaya 1223:Mauritius 957:Igbo Jews 947:Krymchaks 866:Sephardim 734:relations 628:Sadducees 624:Pharisees 614:Sanhedrin 529:Jerusalem 289:Synagogue 157:Etymology 75:Languages 6793:Svalbard 6778:Guernsey 6725:Abkhazia 6700:Scotland 6655:Slovenia 6650:Slovakia 6625:Portugal 6483:Bulgaria 6360:Limassol 6201:Buddhism 6191:Hinduism 5872:Kastoria 5867:Ioannina 5657:Archived 5564:(1999). 5488:21 March 5425:Archived 5407:21 March 5357:21 March 5351:Archived 5168:21 March 5019:21 March 4955:21 March 4902:21 March 4877:Archived 4842:Archived 4815:Archived 4786:Archived 4551:(2006). 4513:(1882). 4469:Archived 4436:21 March 4410:21 March 4375:Archived 4296:Archived 4150:See also 4086:Kastoria 3719:Komotini 3652:363,987 3626:157,889 3612:126,000 3595:1882/84 3532:drachmas 3497:Ioannina 3486:Bulgaria 3466:Saloniki 3413:Tel Aviv 3390:Bulgaria 3366:Salonica 3228:Salonica 3152:Frankish 3085:Kastoria 2943:El Greco 2842:and the 2806:Josephus 2790:Ganymede 2727:Portugal 2671:Ioannina 2640:siddurim 2574:Ioannina 2507:Salonica 2486:are the 2435:Category 2393:Kahanism 2340:Feminism 2312:Politics 2196:Biblical 2166:American 2113:Bukharan 2103:American 2003:Shidduch 1979:Clothing 1935:Haymanot 1881:Orthodox 1809:Suriname 1792:Paraguay 1745:Colombia 1644:Portugal 1554:Bulgaria 1491:Thailand 1441:Pakistan 1421:Mongolia 1416:Malaysia 1336:Cambodia 1310:Zimbabwe 1285:Tanzania 1163:Eswatini 1153:Ethiopia 1143:Djibouti 1123:Cameroon 1118:Botswana 1047:Diaspora 1009:Noahides 982:Marranos 906:Cochinim 891:Bukharim 881:Gruzinim 871:Teimanim 861:Mizrahim 849:Galician 815:conflict 776:Hasidism 766:Haskalah 671:Diaspora 542:timeline 454:Timeline 367:Rabbinic 274:Kabbalah 249:Marriage 225:Tzedakah 215:Holidays 173:Religion 136:a series 134:Part of 103:Religion 6690:England 6680:Ukraine 6630:Romania 6590:Moldova 6548:Ireland 6543:Iceland 6538:Hungary 6528:Germany 6523:Georgia 6513:Finland 6508:Estonia 6503:Denmark 6488:Croatia 6473:Belgium 6468:Belarus 6458:Austria 6453:Armenia 6448:Andorra 6443:Albania 6363:Nicosia 6264:History 6196:Sikhism 6181:Judaism 6002:Museums 5900:Culture 5803:General 5794:History 5751:Judaism 5512:Sources 5483:Haaretz 5450:3 April 5382:3 April 5347:JTA.org 5235:3 April 5210:3 April 5163:Haaretz 5142:3 April 5104:(p. 59) 5075:3 April 4453:Sefunot 4357:3 April 4039:Larissa 3692:Evraiki 3679:Gestapo 3642:53,000 3629:61,439 3615:62,000 3601:48,000 3598:85,000 3587:50,000 3584:90,000 3573:36,000 3570:70,000 3513:Larissa 3346:Sabbath 3334:pogroms 3258:İspençe 3224:Balkans 3127:Germany 3123:Hungary 3112:Almyros 3075:Achrida 3065:there. 3061:by the 2687:Corinth 2679:Chalcis 2665:of the 2663:dialect 2659:Yevanic 2578:Trikala 2570:Chalkis 2562:Larissa 2541:or the 2378:General 2369:Zionism 2345:Leftism 2335:Bundism 2259:Knaanic 2219:Yevanic 2204:Yiddish 2161:Yiddish 2156:Israeli 2133:Mizrahi 2123:Israeli 2094:Cuisine 2070:Ancient 2052:Secular 1998:Kashrut 1974:Wedding 1961:Customs 1953:Culture 1930:Science 1925:Renewal 1915:Karaite 1896:Hasidic 1828:Oceania 1814:Uruguay 1782:Jamaica 1762:Ecuador 1730:Bolivia 1674:Ukraine 1649:Romania 1624:Moldova 1604:Hungary 1594:Germany 1589:Georgia 1579:Finland 1574:Estonia 1569:Denmark 1564:Czechia 1549:Belarus 1539:Austria 1534:Armenia 1511:Vietnam 1426:Myanmar 1411:Lebanon 1331:Bahrain 1290:Tunisia 1268:Somalia 1243:Nigeria 1238:Namibia 1228:Morocco 1158:Eritrea 1103:Algeria 987:Neofiti 896:Italkim 886:Juhurim 796:Zionism 745:Khazars 640:Sicarii 636:Zealots 632:Essenes 619:Schisms 484:Leaders 446:General 438:History 381:Tosefta 376:Midrash 353:Mishnah 335:Ketuvim 330:Nevi'im 279:Customs 210:Shabbat 205:Halakha 197: ( 195:Mitzvot 182: ( 148:Judaism 109:Judaism 97:Turkish 93:Yevanic 6788:Jersey 6730:Kosovo 6675:Turkey 6665:Sweden 6645:Serbia 6635:Russia 6620:Poland 6615:Norway 6595:Monaco 6565:Latvia 6533:Greece 6518:France 6493:Cyprus 6366:Paphos 6309:Groups 6293:Greece 6271:Cyprus 5877:Rhodes 5855:Cyprus 5850:Athens 5757:Greece 5702: 5687: 5626: 5599: 5572: 5554: 5538: 5309:7 June 5284:24 May 5257:24 May 4927: 4672: 4614: 4567: 4563:–352. 4431:KIS.gr 4344:kis.gr 4104:Rabbi 4071:Chania 4025:Athens 3873:Athens 3864:, and 3862:Canada 3842:Israel 3749:aliyah 3723:Kavala 3655:1,400 3509:Athens 3505:Rhodes 3405:aliyah 3306:Patras 3261:, the 3255:, the 3135:Venice 3131:France 3114:, and 3108:Thebes 3048:synods 3003:Greek 2997:Tarsus 2968:. 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Knowledge (XXG)

History of the Jews in Greece

Index