489:, which, per Bhargava, was "probably based on events which actually occurred". Having won power with the help of independent tribes and principalities, Chandragupta promptly evades the pre-war promises he had made them. Betrayed, the tribal chieftains rise against Chandragupta. The revolt is led by the son of Parvataka, named Malayaketu, with the help of five other chiefs and an ex-minister of the Nanda regime named Rakshasa. Chanakya gets to work, employing "cunning" against the rebels, e.g. he has several of Malayaketu's allies poisoned and uses guile to sow dissension among the tribes. The game uses the Indian military camp, as described by Kautilya in the
453:. This inaugural battle did not go well for Chandragupta, as he and his insurgents brashly attacked the capital without having consolidated their power base among the "hereditary" (i.e. Maula) military class. By all accounts they were defeated, forcing them to regroup in the countryside to build up their military strength and political support. The game posits a set-piece battle, with the Nandan imperial army facing down a rebellion of Chandragupta's mercenaries and allied insurgents on the plains outside of
467:, ca 317 BC—Though Ugrasena Nanda apparently was a great conqueror and able ruler, his rich and powerful sons were not. As Ugrasena grew older, his sons' greed and corruption became intolerable. Using this as well as the Nanda's lowness of birth to drum up popular support of their rebellion, Chanakya and Chandragupta began to broaden their anti-Nanda coalition among the freedom-loving clans and princes of
27:
583:. On the east bank of the Indus Chandragupta confronts him. With his back to the river, Seleucus fought to what was possibly a tactical draw, but it was a strategic loss. Having gambled so far from home but failing to achieve a victory, Seleucus is "gifted" 500 war elephants from the Mauryan emperor in exchange for the surrender of his possessions in the Indus valley,
138:
686:
he had won; at twilight he saw heaps of dismembered bodies of soldiers and animals, heard the cries of wounded, witnessed the anguish of women searching the dead for their husbands and sons. As the story is told, the slaughter filled Ashoka with such anguish he changed from
Chandashoka ("Ashoka the Terrible") to Dharmashoka ("Ashoka the Pious"), and converted to
668:, 261 BC—Ashoka was the proconsul of Takshashila prior to his ascension to the throne, which he seized – as legend has it – as outcome of a fratricidal struggle that he waged after his father became ill. There is no clear evidence, but some scholars suggest that Ashoka is the son of Bindusara and the Greek princess Helen, daughter of Seleucus.
523:. When Eudamus treacherously has Puru murdered, a native revolt begins. Chandragupta transforms the revolt into an organized military action against Takshashila. Eudamus is not committed to this battle – his joint rule with Ambhi was meant to be temporary, but his permanent appointment as satrap was never made. He quits India to later help
614:, while proconsul of Takshashila, was commissioned by his father Bindusara with the task of restoring order during a popular revolt against "wicked officials" (i.e. high-handed oppression by local ministers). The "official" history takes pains to reassure that the people were not opposed to the "Kumara or even king Bindusara."
710:, Editor & Publisher), which provided two "alternative history" scenarios. The first, "Ganges River," speculates a battle between the army of Alexander the Great and the Nandan army at the banks of the Ganges River (which did not happen historically due to the mutiny of Alexander's troops at the
334:
series, rules for leadership and command and control are emphasized, and players have the opportunity (depending upon leader quality) to conduct "extra" moves and/or "trump" an opponent, effectively cancelling activation of an opponent's leader. Combat results generally result in rout and/or retreat,
685:
the
Kalingan army was defeated. Records affirm that 100 thousand were slain, 150 thousand were deported (enslaved), and many times that number died thereafter. It is said that the river Daya nearby ran red with the blood of the slain. After the battle Ashoka ascended the hillocks to survey the field
535:
The battle takes place in the valley of the Tamra Nala river, bounded by rugged hills overlooking
Takshashila from the east. The centerpiece of the terrain is the city itself – the walled city, with four gated entrances, surrounding dense city blocks of congested dwellings. In the center of the city
410:
attempts to simulate the differing qualities of morale, leadership, and fighting ability of these various troop classes. Other sub-classes, such as Mitra and Amitra (deserters from enemy armies, prison conscripts and the like), but for interests of playability and simplicity the designers chose not
672:
Chandragupta and
Chanakya had been hostile to non-monarchial states. Many such states, quasi-democratic oligarchies as well as republics, had been weakened by the wars with Alexander, and that weakness made possible the eventual hegemony of the Mauryan Empire. Thus, the Mauryans had always kept a
647:
world and was known to have had a taste for Greek figs, wine, and philosophy. Little is known, however, about the military conquests of
Bindusara. He is generally thought to have consolidated (if not expanded) his father's empire, but from the chronicles of Taranatha, we are told that Bindusara
318:
represents 300 to 1000 fighting troops, depending on size and type. Since little is known about the terrain, numbers of men or types of units engaged, methods of combat, leaders and so on, these games, despite their high level of detail, remain essentially speculative and fictional in nature.
479:, they find the military support they had been seeking, this time with the help of the chieftain Parvataka and his brother Vairodhaka. The game speculates that the battle took place near a military camp, and provides a model of an ancient Indian military camp on the mapboard.
681:(republic), Kalinga had been originally conquered by Ugrasena Nanda, but regained its independence during the rule of Sahalya, and remained so until the reign of Ashoka Maurya. Eight years after his anointment, Ashoka marched on Kalinga. On a battlefield near the village of
652:
rajya, or realm of the
Khashas. The Khashas, whose settlements in the former kingdom of Puru extended from Jhelum to the west of Kashmir, were likely independent principalities united by clan or tribal connections who chafed at Mauryan imperial
351:, or the "four-fold" army consisting of foot-soldiers (patti), car-warriors, or chariots (rathin), elephants (hastī), and cavalry (aśva). Deployment of the catarangubala remained remarkably consistent throughout the period following the
335:
and victory is achieved by (more commonly) forcing an opponent's army to quit the field when a certain threshold of losses has been achieved, or by (less commonly) obtaining a specific territorial objective.
661:("Hydaspes") River, though the historical locations of these battles are not known. We have opted to "condense" what was probably a series of scattered revolt suppressions into two scenarios.
370:
are rules for troop classes, based on a classification system with a long tradition preceding the
Mauryan era. The classifications were hierarchical. At the apex of the hierarchy were the
499:, ca 316 BC—After overthrowing the Nandas, Chandragupta had to justify his new dynasty by proving it able to secure the protection of the people against foreign invasion by the Greeks.
326:
follows the general sequence of the other hex-and-counter style board games, each player taking turns moving units, conducting combat, and resolving combat using an odds-based
1119:
622:, as viceroy of Takshashila, is faced with an uprising by the city's merchant class. Chanakya's forces occupy a portion of the city; the "rebel" forces – a coalition of
690:. For this scenario, the game uses two mapboards as the scene of a large set-piece battle. The terrain represented is based upon topographical maps of the area near
347:
attempts to model specific features of what is believed to have been common features of the
Mauryan military system. One of the most distinctive features is the
1347:
503:(aka "Taxila" in Greek) was at the time under the joint rule of the Indian king Ambhi, who had allied himself years earlier with Alexander against his rival king
363:
by representing the four divisions with distinctive counters whose use in play is governed by specific rules for movement, combat, and command-and-control.
657:
The game sets the hypothetical battles among tribal strongholds on rugged mountain terrain. According to Sastri the
Khashas' strongholds were West of the
591:. Sources suggest that the cession of these territories were treated as the dower of Seleucus' daughter in her marriage to Chandragupta's son, Bindusara.
314:, each hex representing 70 yards of distance. Each turn represents about 15–20 minutes, although the rules are designed assuming a loose time scale. Each
298:, and in so doing, attempts to illuminate the features, challenges, and unique attributes of the Indian military system and culture during this period.
965:
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The game deploys
Seleucus squeezed close to the sands and mud of the Indus River at his back, leaving him with little room to maneuver.
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The designer of Chandragupta (the game) opted to design the scenario with the premise speculating that the aging
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is its temple and palace. The game map is based upon topographical maps drawn by archaeologist J. M. Marshall's
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37:
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493:, as the centerpiece of the scenario. The designers posit an attack by Chanakya upon the camp at night.
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or "hereditary" troops, who were professional soldiers and largely (though not exclusively) of the
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628:– occupy part of the city, and its gates and the roads leading to it. Ashoka, with a force of
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has ten scenarios which simulate major battles from the founding of the Mauryan Dynasty under
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Using period sources as well as research from largely Indian military historians,
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Werbaneth, Jim, "Indian Armies at War: The Rise of the Mauryan Empire in GMT's
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547:, 304 BC—According to Grainger, after his stalemate with Antigonus in 308,
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ca 274 BC—Though he was hailed as "Slayer of Enemies," Chandragupta's son
355:(after which chariots and elephants came into full military use), through
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718:," a hypothetical show-down between the Mauryan army of Ashoka and the
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Chandragupta: Great Battles of the Mauryan Empire, India 319-261 BC
1282:
Chandragupta: Great Battles of the Mauryan Empire, India 319-261 BC
366:
Another feature of the ancient Indian military system simulated in
572:
531:, and the remaining Greek officers remaining are put to the sword.
472:
379:
475:, most of whom had given stout resistance to the foreign invader
402:), who were essentially armed trade-guild levies, and lastly the
230:
20:
1129:, BoardGameGeek.com, BGG, Oct 19, 2009. Retrieved 4/15/2010.
1127:"Elephants are not Panzers: The Varus Review of Chandragupta"
445:, ca 319 BCE – Chandragupta's first attempt to overthrow the
694:
Hill, the historical battle site and now a Buddhist shrine.
1142:, Issue 64 (Winter 2008/Spring 2009). Retrieved 4/15/2010.
485:, ca 317 BC—This scenario is based on events from the play
623:
397:
391:
1265:
Welch, Stephen R., "The Rise of the Mauryan Empire,"
130:
Great Battles of the Mauryan Empire, India 319-261 BC
1245:(Edinburgh: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1980).
1208:(New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 2000).
1206:
Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian
245:
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225:
217:
209:
201:
186:
176:
152:
128:
1248:Thaplyal, Kiran Kumar and Shive Nandan Misra eds,
1152:Chandragupta Maurya : A Gem of Indian History
449:, under the leadership of his mentor, the Brahmin
330:(CRT) using a die. As with the other games in the
1260:Report on the Excavations at Pataliputra (Patna)
386:, or mercenary-class of troops, followed by the
1262:(New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1996).
1225:(Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1988).
1201:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960).
359:in the 7th century AD. The game simulates the
559:on India's western frontier. Marching through
610:, it is related that Chandragupta's grandson
310:style game. The game maps are covered with a
8:
1218:(Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, 2003).
123:
1252:(Delhi: AgamKala Prakashan, 2002). 2 vols.
1194:(Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1960).
1161:(New Delhi: Low Price Publications, 1993).
1235:(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974)
1187:. Translated by S. Sastri, Mysore, 1923.
411:to represent these additional classes in
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1102:Welch 2009, Inserts to article, pp 40-43
632:, must rescue the beleaguered Chanakya.
792:
1233:The Elephant in Greek and Roman World
571:, he crosses at the confluence of the
122:
47:Please improve this article by adding
1348:Board wargames set in Ancient history
1084:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 42-46
1021:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 36-41
1003:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 32-35
985:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 28-31
956:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 22-27
929:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 17-21
898:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 12-16
286:and Mark Herman) on ancient warfare.
7:
1287:Welch, Stephen R., "Rules of Play,"
1280:Welch, Stephen R., "Scenario Book,"
1192:The Military System in Ancient India
1175:(Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987).
1112:, "Jouez Maurya contre Seleucides,"
871:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" pp. 8-11
677:. A large and fiercely independent
575:somewhere in the vicinity of modern
853:Welch 2008, "Rules of Play," pp 5-6
1154:(New Delhi: DK Printworld, 1996).
799:Welch 2008, "Rules of Play" p. 2-6
434:waged by Chandragupta's grandson,
14:
1223:The Age of the Nandas and Mauryas
1168:(Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 1986).
706:, published by RBM Publications (
1250:Select Battles in Indian History
808:Welch 2008, "Scenario Book" p. 3
406:, or "tribal" levies. The game
290:simulates battles fought by the
136:
25:
1363:Works about Chandragupta Maurya
1243:The Greeks in Bactria and India
1159:The Art of War in Ancient India
282:) series of games (designed by
1343:Board games introduced in 2008
60:"Chandragupta" board game
1:
1171:Dikshitar, V.R. Ramachandra.
49:secondary or tertiary sources
1197:Marshall, Sir John Hubert.
817:Welch 2008, "Rulebook" p. 35
702:An expansion was printed in
1166:Military History of Kalinga
624:
398:
392:
1379:
1139:Line of Departure Magazine
637:Suppression of the Khashas
306:The game is a traditional
1338:Board games about history
835:Chakravarti 1993, pp 2-10
751:Military History of India
135:
1291:(GMT Games, LLC, 2008).
1284:(GMT Games, LLC, 2008).
1221:Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta,
276:Great Battles of History
270:and released in 2008 by
1190:Majumdar, Bimal Kanti.
1122:. Retrieved 4/15/2010.
1039:Sastri 1988, pp 208-209
889:Bhargava 1996, pp 37-38
862:Bhargava 1996, pp 124-5
600:Revolt in the Provinces
1075:Sastri 1988, pp 211-12
1048:Sastri 1988, pp 172-73
1030:Sastri 1988, pp 167-69
1012:Sastri 1988, pp 167-68
947:Sastri 1988, pp 149-50
643:was friendly with the
457:, the capital city of
339:Indian Military System
36:relies excessively on
844:Chakravarti 1993, p 7
826:Dikshitar 1987, p 154
602:, ca 275 BC—From the
555:and then proceeds to
527:in his fight against
1204:McCrindle, John W.
1173:War in Ancient India
1093:Welch 2009, pp 40-43
714:), and the second, "
483:Revolt of Malayaketu
328:combat results table
1157:Chakravarti, P.C.
1115:Vae Victis Magazine
907:Bhargava 1996, p 39
880:Bhargava 1996, p 25
756:Chandragupta Maurya
428:Chandragupta Maurya
125:
124:Chandragupta Maurya
1358:Richard Berg games
1066:Sastri 1988, p 210
1057:Das 1986, pp 31-32
994:Sastri 1988, p 167
976:Sastri 1988, p 154
938:Sastri 1988, p 148
781:Seleucus I Nicator
708:Rodger B. MacGowan
567:and then down the
145:Rodger B. MacGowan
1271:Rodger B. McGowan
1199:A Guide to Taxila
966:Strabo, 15.2.1(9)
666:Battle of Kalinga
538:A Guide to Taxila
519:, a successor of
432:Battle of Kalinga
396:) or shrenibala (
382:. Next where the
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143:Copyright ©
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455:Pataliputra
443:Pataliputra
187:Publication
169:Mark Herman
1332:Categories
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210:Setup time
177:Publishers
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1277:, 2009).
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641:Bindusara
585:Arachosia
551:conquers
529:Antipater
477:Alexander
419:Scenarios
399:śreṇībala
376:Kshatriya
272:GMT Games
241:13 and up
238:Age range
221:1-8 hours
154:Designers
1258:, L.A.,
1241:, W.W.,
1229:Scullard
1214:, A.K.,
1179:Kautilya
771:Chanakya
730:See also
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688:Buddhism
645:Hellenic
620:Chanakya
604:Buddhist
589:Gedrosia
581:Pakistan
561:Oxyartes
557:Gandhara
549:Seleucus
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515:general
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509:Hydaspes
451:Chanakya
378:warrior-
322:Play of
302:Gameplay
250:Strategy
229:Medium (
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675:Kalinga
553:Bactria
525:Eumenes
517:Eudemus
465:Magadha
459:Magadha
388:shrenis
316:counter
202:Players
192: (
85:scholar
1275:Nr. 22
1269:, ed.
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659:Jhelum
653:power.
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469:Punjab
436:Ashoka
246:Skills
226:Chance
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262:is a
92:JSTOR
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471:and
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231:Dice
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