579:
668:, grasses and other plants. Small nesting territories are defended from others of the species, and birds nesting in the centre of the colony have to run the gauntlet of biting to reach their nests as they pass other territories. Two to four eggs are laid; the eggs measure 59 to 63 mm (2.3–2.5 in) × 37 to 40 mm (1.5–1.6 in) and are matt pale blue with a chalky covering. The incubation time is not known but is thought to be around 30 days.
42:
86:
61:
621:
and North East Reef. These colonies are located close to the high-tide mark and can have as many as 300 nests in them. It roosts on rocks close to shore or at sea, although it may have different roosting sites for day and night. The species is non-migratory and has never been recorded away from the
569:
and orange-red caruncles on the face and the gape of the mouth. In spite of the common name of the genus the iris of the eye is brown, and the eye has a violet eye-ring. The bill is dark grey, with a bright red mouth, and the legs and feet are dull pink. Non-breeding birds look similar to breeding
659:
Little is known about the breeding biology. Males attract a mate with an advertising display in which it stands with its tail cocked up and throws its neck and head back towards its tail, up to 13 times, while making a gargling noise. Mated pairs recognise each other at the nest with gaping and
594:, an archipelago around 700 km (430 mi) to the east of New Zealand. In the Chathams it is an inshore species, rarely going more than a few kilometres away from shore, and it is more commonly found in sheltered water such as bays and inlets. It also forages in the large
519:. The same study that split these two species also found that the Chatham Islands shag is closely related to the Otago shag and that this pair are in turn a sister clade to the Foveaux shag. These three species are in turn related to the New Zealand king shag and an
663:
Breeding is seasonal, and the timing of laying can vary from colony to colony. Most
Chatham Islands shags lay between October and December, but the colonies on Te Whanga Lagoon breed three months earlier than other colonies. The nest is made of
676:
The
Chatham Islands shag is threatened by a range of human activities and threats. The species is sensitive to disturbance at its breeding colonies, as nests are trampled by stampeding adults and nests are opportunistically raided by
474:
between 1889 and 1892. The question of which genus to place the species in has, like the general question of the taxonomy of the cormorants and shags on the whole, been a long-standing mystery. It was long retained in
969:
Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Till, Charlotte E.; Easton, Luke J.; Spencer, Hamish G.; Schuckard, Rob; Melville, David S.; Scofield, R. Paul; Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Rayner, Matt J.; Waters, Jonathan M.; Kennedy, Martyn (2017).
643:, propelling itself underwater with its feet and returning to the surface to consume small prey caught in its bill. The specific diet of the Chatham Islands shag is poorly known, but is dominated by fish, including
1081:
932:
Rawlence, Nicolas J.; Scofield, R. Paul; Spencer, Hamish G.; Lalas, Chris; Easton, Luke J.; Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Adams, Mark; Pasquet, Eric; Fraser, Cody; Waters, Jonathan M.; Kennedy, Martyn (2016).
537:
An adult
Chatham Islands shag is 63 cm (25 in) in length and weighs around 1,790–2,400 g (63–85 oz). It is a large pied shag with a white throat, breast, belly and patches on the
2406:
605:
on coastal areas and around Te Whanga Lagoon, either on flat areas, slopes or wide cliff ledges. There are currently thirteen colonies of this species, found on the main
681:
after the eggs are unattended. At worst, entire colonies have been abandoned due to disturbance by people or stock. Colonies on the main islands are also vulnerable to
2421:
2277:
2110:
570:
birds but are duller, have no crest or filoplumes, and duller bare parts. The caruncles are yellow, the eye-ring blue, the mouth orange and the bill is light-grey.
511:. The same study found that its closest relative was the species formerly known as Stewart shag. Since 2016, the Stewart shag is now treated as two species, the
2316:
529:"Chatham Islands shag" has been designated as the official common name for the species by the IOC. The species is also known as the "Chatham Island shag".
809:
Orta, J; Christie, D; Jutglar, F; Kirwan, G. M. (2019). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
2264:
2084:
2431:
2290:
2123:
508:
651:, as well as cephalopods such as octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. It generally feeds alone, but will form small feeding flocks at times.
449:
Phylogeny of the Blue-eyed shags of North, South and the
Chatham Islands, showing the position of the Chatham Islands shag, based on Rawlence
276:
This is a large, pied shag with a long crest. It is highly coastal, rarely foraging far from shore, although sometimes feeds in the large and
2436:
2416:
1226:
660:
head-lowering displays. During these the male makes a barking noise, but the female is almost silent, making only a soft puffing noise.
467:
553:
have a greenish sheen and the rest of the black areas have a purplish-blue sheen. The head has a prominent crest and there are white
1179:
1064:
622:
Chatham
Islands, although the species does feed and roost on islands in the Chathams away from their breeding colonies, for example
287:, breeding in small colonies around the Chatham Islands. Little is known about its breeding behaviour. The species is threatened by
485:
along with the other "blue-eyed shags" found in New
Zealand. The species has sometimes been considered a subspecies of an enlarged
2426:
2182:
545:
of the wings, and black or black-brown elsewhere. When breeding the head and hind-neck have a blue metallic sheen, the wings and
618:
2295:
2128:
902:
698:
65:
1057:
Handbook of
Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part B, Australian pelican to ducks
772:
501:
of the family placed it within the New
Zealand blue-eyed shags and the other Antarctic blue-eyed shags in the genus
85:
2321:
898:
1669:
2014:
1128:
Orta, J (2019). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
1804:
1699:
1219:
481:
along with the rest of the family when the family was treated as monogeneric. It was also placed in the genus
1312:
694:
471:
2229:
1186:
578:
2238:
2035:
1977:
1679:
563:
555:
547:
539:
2365:
1885:
1740:
1674:
1322:
1317:
486:
324:
180:
1766:
749:
259:; today it is mostly placed with the other blue-eyed shags of New Zealand and Antarctica in the genus
2331:
2187:
2148:
2027:
1854:
1814:
1784:
860:
Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (October 2014). "Classification of the cormorants of the world".
1103:
2411:
1809:
1776:
1575:
1479:
1212:
50:
2174:
1952:
1704:
1332:
1151:
832:
682:
582:
The
Chatham Islands shag is, as its name suggests, endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand.
288:
206:
80:
2370:
41:
2282:
2115:
2352:
2308:
2251:
2156:
2058:
1927:
1771:
1725:
1649:
1449:
1406:
1327:
1060:
991:
877:
811:
494:
242:
1880:
1730:
1684:
1602:
1506:
1426:
1359:
1257:
1143:
983:
949:
869:
824:
744:
598:
459:
280:
197:
2243:
2138:
2040:
1204:
972:"Speciation, range contraction and extinction in the endemic New Zealand King Shag complex"
2357:
2339:
2161:
1735:
1694:
1565:
1469:
1235:
1130:
1021:
591:
250:
938:
shag (Aves, Pelecaniformes, Phalacrocoracidae) from southern South Island of New
Zealand"
726:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1745:
1689:
1654:
1570:
1411:
623:
606:
595:
277:
157:
2400:
2303:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1834:
1640:
1155:
971:
836:
771:
Jobling, J. A. (2019). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
735:
477:
255:
70:
2383:
2256:
2063:
1901:
1891:
1845:
1664:
1416:
648:
516:
414:
270:
2050:
2214:
283:. It forages for fish and cephalopods and roosts on rocky shores. The species is
2223:
2169:
2097:
1932:
1916:
1795:
1474:
1431:
1421:
1303:
1253:
987:
873:
678:
610:
602:
498:
284:
2000:
910:
2378:
1896:
1865:
1716:
1239:
520:
512:
503:
375:
266:
261:
137:
1104:"The birdlife of South East Island (Rangatira), Chatham Islands, New Zealand"
828:
1874:
1659:
1598:
690:
614:
147:
97:
17:
1147:
995:
881:
2344:
2208:
1994:
665:
644:
587:
564:
246:
117:
556:
2269:
2089:
2022:
1825:
1626:
1560:
1537:
1383:
1355:
1289:
640:
540:
1187:"Recovery plan for Chatham Island shag and Pitt Island shag 2001–2011"
954:
933:
2009:
1551:
1502:
1460:
548:
107:
2102:
2076:
1971:
253:
of New Zealand. For a long time the species was placed in the genus
2071:
1757:
1615:
1526:
1510:
1397:
1372:
1278:
1261:
577:
702:
686:
238:
127:
1975:
1596:
1500:
1353:
1251:
1208:
720:
718:
526:
species, the Kohatu shag, from the far north of New Zealand.
1192:. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. 2001
291:, disturbance at its breeding colonies and habitat loss.
1059:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 881–884.
1080:
Bell, M; Bell, D; Boyle, D; Tuanui-Chisholm, H (2017).
934:"Genetic and morphological evidence for two species of
909:. International Ornithologists' Union. Archived from
1781:
2198:
1984:
1863:
1843:
1823:
1793:
1755:
1714:
1638:
1614:
1549:
1525:
1458:
1440:
1395:
1371:
1301:
1277:
903:"Hamerkop, Shoebill, pelicans, boobies, cormorants"
639:Like all cormorants, the Chatham Islands shag is a
1129:
1089:Technical Report to the Department of Conservation
810:
750:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696861A131116322.en
507:. This arrangement has also been adopted by the
1220:
8:
2407:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1055:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J., eds. (1990).
1972:
1620:
1611:
1593:
1531:
1522:
1497:
1377:
1368:
1350:
1283:
1274:
1248:
1227:
1213:
1205:
59:
40:
31:
953:
942:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
893:
891:
855:
853:
748:
1140:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1102:Nilsson, R; Kennedy, E; West, J (1994).
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
821:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
777:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
773:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
466:in 1893. The specific name commemorates
1020:Bell, M (2013). Miskelly, Colin (ed.).
714:
2422:Critically endangered fauna of Oceania
1082:"Chatham Island Shag census 2014–2016"
462:described the Chatham Islands shag as
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
976:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
862:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
493:). Most recently a 2014 study of the
7:
2332:1bb53b35-1753-47b9-b106-e7a92e809ac9
2149:08a4bec5-6ae3-4a36-9f97-9bd5d4393b5b
1924:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
736:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
509:International Ornithologists' Union
368:
361:
317:
310:
303:
468:William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow
241:in the cormorant and shag family,
25:
84:
901:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
725:BirdLife International (2018).
561:on the neck. Adults have a red
2432:Taxa named by Henry Ogg Forbes
265:. Its closest relative is the
1:
2437:Endemic birds of New Zealand
2417:Birds of the Chatham Islands
1323:Christmas Island frigatebird
1142:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
823:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
988:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.011
907:World Bird List Version 9.1
874:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.020
2453:
779:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions
1623:
1610:
1592:
1534:
1521:
1496:
1380:
1367:
1349:
1286:
1273:
1247:
743:: e.T22696861A131116322.
412:
388:
373:
366:
359:
337:
322:
315:
308:
212:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1805:Double-crested cormorant
1700:White-breasted cormorant
1182:– BirdLife International
1026:New Zealand Birds Online
829:10.2173/bow.chisha1.01.1
574:Distribution and habitat
2427:Birds described in 1893
1748:(long-tailed cormorant)
1313:Magnificent frigatebird
491:Leucocarbo carunculatus
472:Governor of New Zealand
1877:(Magellanic cormorant)
1707:(Temminck's cormorant)
1680:Little black cormorant
1242:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
1148:10.2173/bow.phalac1.01
583:
2366:Paleobiology Database
2015:phalacrocorax-onslowi
1986:Phalacrocorax onslowi
1886:New Zealand king shag
1741:Little pied cormorant
1675:Black-faced cormorant
1318:Ascension frigatebird
1022:"Chatham Island shag"
699:critically endangered
581:
487:New Zealand king shag
464:Phalacrocorax onslowi
325:New Zealand king shag
233:), also known as the
215:Phalacrocorax onslowi
66:Critically Endangered
35:Chatham Islands shag
1855:Red-legged cormorant
1815:Flightless cormorant
1785:Spectacled cormorant
1605:: Phalacrocoracidae)
1509:: Anhingidae ·
1260:: Fregatidae ·
697:. It is considered
683:introduced predators
391:Chatham Islands shag
289:introduced predators
225:Chatham Islands shag
2139:chatham-island-shag
1810:Neotropic cormorant
1777:Red-faced cormorant
1576:Australasian darter
1480:Australasian gannet
1356:Gannets and boobies
51:Conservation status
2384:Leucocarbo-onslowi
2230:Leucocarbo onslowi
2200:Leucocarbo onslowi
1953:South Georgia shag
1888:(rough-faced shag)
1767:Brandt's cormorant
1705:Japanese cormorant
1333:Lesser frigatebird
814:Leucocarbo onslowi
729:Leucocarbo onslowi
584:
237:, is a species of
230:Leucocarbo onslowi
190:Leucocarbo onslowi
2394:
2393:
2353:Open Tree of Life
2157:Open Tree of Life
1978:Taxon identifiers
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1928:Heard Island shag
1772:Pelagic cormorant
1726:Crowned cormorant
1650:Socotra cormorant
1634:
1633:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1545:
1544:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1407:Blue-footed booby
1391:
1390:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1328:Great frigatebird
1297:
1296:
1180:Species factsheet
1133:Phalacrocoracidae
955:10.1111/zoj.12376
457:
456:
443:
442:
434:
433:
425:
424:
401:
400:
348:
347:
243:Phalacrocoracidae
221:
220:
148:Phalacrocoracidae
74:
16:(Redirected from
2444:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2067:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2028:6EE1B0CE60B82930
2018:
2017:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1973:
1881:Guanay cormorant
1783:
1731:Little cormorant
1685:Indian cormorant
1621:
1612:
1594:
1532:
1523:
1498:
1427:Red-footed booby
1378:
1369:
1351:
1284:
1275:
1249:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1137:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1052:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1017:
1000:
999:
966:
960:
959:
957:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
913:on 23 April 2020
895:
886:
885:
857:
848:
847:
845:
843:
818:
806:
789:
788:
786:
784:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
752:
722:
635:Diet and feeding
599:Te Whanga Lagoon
566:
558:
550:
542:
369:
362:
318:
311:
304:
299:
298:
281:Te Whanga Lagoon
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2340:Observation.org
2338:
2330:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2057:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1980:
1970:
1957:
1859:
1839:
1819:
1789:
1751:
1736:Pygmy cormorant
1710:
1695:Great cormorant
1630:
1606:
1580:
1566:Oriental darter
1541:
1517:
1484:
1470:Northern gannet
1454:
1436:
1387:
1363:
1337:
1293:
1269:
1243:
1233:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1003:
968:
967:
963:
931:
930:
926:
916:
914:
897:
896:
889:
859:
858:
851:
841:
839:
812:"Chatham Shag (
808:
807:
792:
782:
780:
770:
769:
765:
755:
753:
724:
723:
716:
711:
674:
657:
647:, flatfish and
637:
632:
601:. It breeds in
592:Chatham Islands
586:The species is
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
535:
444:
435:
426:
402:
349:
297:
251:Chatham Islands
201:
194:
188:
175:
172:L. onslowi
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2450:
2448:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2326:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2220:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2179:
2166:
2153:
2143:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2094:
2081:
2068:
2055:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2006:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1948:Macquarie shag
1945:
1943:Kerguelen shag
1940:
1938:Antarctic shag
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1746:Reed cormorant
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Cape cormorant
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1670:Pied cormorant
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Bank cormorant
1652:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1571:African darter
1568:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1501:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1450:Abbott's booby
1446:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:Peruvian booby
1409:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1183:
1175:
1174:External links
1172:
1169:
1168:
1120:
1094:
1072:
1065:
1038:
1001:
961:
948:(3): 676–694.
924:
887:
849:
790:
763:
713:
712:
710:
707:
673:
670:
656:
653:
636:
633:
631:
628:
607:Chatham Island
575:
572:
562:
554:
546:
538:
534:
531:
470:, who was the
455:
454:
446:
445:
441:
440:
437:
436:
432:
431:
428:
427:
423:
422:
419:
418:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
399:
398:
395:
394:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
372:
367:
365:
360:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
346:
345:
342:
341:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
321:
316:
314:
309:
307:
302:
296:
293:
219:
218:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2449:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:Imperial shag
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Campbell shag
1910:
1908:
1907:Auckland shag
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1835:European shag
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:Phalacrocorax
1637:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1131:"Cormorants (
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1066:9780195530681
1062:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
965:
962:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
937:
928:
925:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
892:
888:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
854:
850:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
791:
778:
774:
767:
764:
751:
746:
742:
738:
737:
732:
730:
721:
719:
715:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
671:
669:
667:
661:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:pursuit-diver
634:
629:
627:
625:
620:
619:Rabbit Island
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
593:
589:
580:
573:
571:
567:
559:
551:
543:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
518:
517:Foveaux shags
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
496:
495:mitochondrial
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:
478:Phalacrocorax
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
448:
447:
439:
438:
430:
429:
421:
420:
417:
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
397:
396:
393:
392:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
371:
370:
364:
363:
357:
356:
353:
352:
344:
343:
340:
339:†Kohatu shag
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
320:
319:
313:
312:
306:
305:
301:
300:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:Phalacrocorax
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
226:
217:
216:
211:
208:
204:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2199:
1985:
1902:Chatham shag
1892:Foveaux shag
1864:
1846:Poikilocarbo
1844:
1824:
1794:
1756:
1715:
1665:Spotted shag
1639:
1625:
1550:
1536:
1513:
1459:
1441:
1417:Masked booby
1396:
1382:
1302:
1288:
1265:
1254:Frigatebirds
1196:28 September
1194:. Retrieved
1159:. Retrieved
1139:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1056:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:
979:
975:
964:
945:
941:
935:
927:
915:. Retrieved
911:the original
906:
865:
861:
840:. Retrieved
820:
813:
781:. Retrieved
776:
766:
754:. Retrieved
740:
734:
728:
679:silver gulls
675:
672:Conservation
662:
658:
638:
585:
536:
528:
523:
502:
490:
483:Euleucocarbo
482:
476:
463:
460:Henry Forbes
458:
450:
415:Foveaux shag
413:
390:
389:
374:
338:
323:
275:
271:South Island
260:
254:
235:Chatham shag
234:
229:
228:
224:
222:
214:
213:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
18:Chatham shag
2224:Wikispecies
2170:SeaLifeBase
2098:iNaturalist
1933:Crozet shag
1917:Bounty shag
1796:Nannopterum
1475:Cape gannet
1432:Brown booby
1422:Nazca booby
982:: 197–209.
899:Gill, Frank
868:: 249–257.
756:17 November
611:Pitt Island
609:as well as
533:Description
499:nuclear DNA
2412:Leucocarbo
2401:Categories
2379:Xeno-canto
1897:Otago shag
1866:Leucocarbo
1717:Microcarbo
1599:Cormorants
1362:: Sulidae)
1240:Suliformes
1117:: 109–125.
936:Leucocarbo
709:References
691:feral cats
557:filoplumes
524:Leucocarbo
504:Leucocarbo
376:Otago shag
267:Otago shag
262:Leucocarbo
159:Leucocarbo
138:Suliformes
2215:Q27074620
1875:Rock shag
1660:Pitt shag
1156:216251345
837:242270837
630:Behaviour
615:Star Keys
565:gular sac
541:scapulars
489:species (
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2309:22696861
2283:10443128
2244:22696861
2239:BirdLife
2209:Wikidata
2116:11432240
2041:22696861
2036:BirdLife
2001:Q1068243
1995:Wikidata
1442:Papasula
1161:26 March
1111:Notornis
1031:25 March
996:28803756
917:30 March
882:24994028
842:25 March
783:25 March
685:such as
666:iceplant
655:Breeding
645:opalfish
603:colonies
596:brackish
295:Taxonomy
285:colonial
278:brackish
245:. It is
207:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2270:4848926
2090:2481866
2077:chisha1
2051:chisha1
2023:Avibase
1826:Gulosus
1627:Species
1561:Anhinga
1552:Anhinga
1538:Species
1514:Anhinga
1503:Darters
1384:Species
1304:Fregata
1290:Species
1266:Fregata
701:by the
695:possums
649:bullies
624:Mangere
590:to the
588:endemic
521:extinct
453:, 2017
249:to the
247:endemic
200:, 1893)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2371:399999
2329:NZOR:
2322:146615
2296:824008
2188:343949
2146:NZOR:
2136:NZBO:
2129:561970
2010:ARKive
1603:family
1507:family
1360:family
1258:family
1154:
1063:
994:
880:
835:
549:mantle
198:Forbes
2345:73436
2278:IRMNG
2257:6PTKC
2183:WoRMS
2175:84077
2111:IRMNG
2072:eBird
2064:4FQQW
2048:BOW:
1758:Urile
1616:Genus
1527:Genus
1511:genus
1461:Morus
1373:Genus
1279:Genus
1262:genus
1236:Order
1190:(PDF)
1152:S2CID
1107:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
833:S2CID
513:Otago
451:et al
2358:9837
2317:NCBI
2304:IUCN
2291:ITIS
2265:GBIF
2162:9837
2124:ITIS
2103:4276
2085:GBIF
1398:Sula
1198:2007
1163:2019
1061:ISBN
1033:2019
992:PMID
919:2019
878:PMID
844:2019
785:2019
758:2021
741:2018
703:IUCN
693:and
687:weka
515:and
497:and
239:bird
223:The
128:Aves
2252:CoL
2059:CoL
1144:doi
984:doi
980:115
950:doi
946:177
870:doi
825:doi
745:doi
269:of
2403::
2381::
2368::
2355::
2342::
2319::
2306::
2293::
2280::
2267::
2254::
2241::
2226::
2211::
2185::
2172::
2159::
2126::
2113::
2100::
2087::
2074::
2061::
2038::
2025::
2012::
1997::
1264::
1238::
1150:.
1138:.
1135:)"
1115:41
1113:.
1109:.
1087:.
1041:^
1024:.
1004:^
990:.
978:.
974:.
944:.
940:.
905:.
890:^
876:.
866:79
864:.
852:^
831:.
819:.
816:)"
793:^
775:.
739:.
733:.
717:^
705:.
689:,
626:.
617:,
613:,
273:.
1782:†
1601:(
1516:)
1505:(
1358:(
1268:)
1256:(
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
1200:.
1165:.
1146::
1091:.
1069:.
1035:.
998:.
986::
958:.
952::
921:.
884:.
872::
846:.
827::
787:.
760:.
747::
731:"
727:"
227:(
196:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
