35:
241:(DC) system, mainly because the army did not want to use the same system as Germany. The reaction of the Midi was immediate and the company launched, in December 1920, new electrification programmes at 1500 V. From 1923, all facilities operated at 1500 V, except the Perpignan - Villefranche-de -Conflent line. In less than two years, the Midi network had succeeded in converting. The programme of electrification of the Midi was impressive because, in only a dozen years, the electrified network of the Midi formed a coherent whole. The programme ended in 1932, with the exception of the Montauban - SĂšte link, which was only switched on in 1935 after the signing of an agreement with the
164:
20:
278:
47:
266:
175:
In 1909, the
Compagnie du Midi launched a vast program of electrification of its lines under the impetus of the engineer Jean-Raoul Paul (1869-1960). It was a huge challenge for the time because it went far beyond the scope of railway operations alone. It was necessary to build infrastructure such as
659:
221:
line was electrified from the start because its gradients (up to 6%) were too steep for steam traction. The
Perpignan - Villefranche-de-Conflent line (Pyrénées-Orientales) was chosen as the site for future tests because it provided conditions of both plain and mountain. This was the only line that
233:
Even before the end of the tests, the company became a candidate for the construction of
Eastern and Western trans-Pyrenees railways. Electric traction was chosen from the outset, reducing construction costs by allowing steeper gradients and sharper curves. The company then began an intensive
112:
on the slow-paced railway projects taking place in the area of Paris during the 1840s and 1850s. The
Rothschild branch of Paris responded by strengthening its grip on the sector with an alliance to the industrialist Talabot. The Pereires in turn founded their financial company
701:
Christophe
Bouneau, « Chemins de fer et dĂ©veloppement rĂ©gional en France de 1852 Ă 1937 : la contribution de la compagnie du Midi », dans la revue Histoire, Ă©conomie et sociĂ©tĂ©, 1990, 9e annĂ©e, no 1, Les transports, pp. 95â112 (lire
683:
MinistÚre des travaux publics, Recueil des lois et conventions relatives aux chemins de fer du Nord, de l'Est, d'Orléans, de Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée et du Midi : 1883 à 1910, Paris, Imprimerie
Nationale, 1911, 821 p. (lire en ligne
234:
electrification programme for the network, including work on the tracks, the construction of hydroelectric plant for the production of electrical energy and the creation of a distribution network for the transport of this energy.
776:
751:
34:
199:
of 1914-1918, and especially its prohibitive cost after the war, provided further impetus for electrification. After investigations in
Switzerland and Germany, a system using
785:
781:
125:
730:
687:
Pierre Rivals, La fusion des exploitations des
Compagnies des chemins de fer de l'Orléans et du Midi, Librairie du Recueil Sirey, Paris, 1936, 151 pages
242:
121:
695:
643:
618:
585:
821:
708:
302:
339:
322:
227:
811:
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which operated a network of routes in the southwest of the country, chiefly in the area between its main line â which ran from
761:
345:
222:
was not later converted to 1,500 volts. It operated thus until 1971. From 1911, the company tried six different types of
765:
163:
28:
756:
716:
109:
39:
816:
771:
400:
705:
Conférences faites à la gare Saint-Jean, à Bordeaux, Paris, Hachette, 1867-1868, 320 p. (lire en ligne )
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200:
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691:
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614:
581:
351:
19:
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184:
105:
50:
Participation certificate of the
Compagnie des Chemins de Fer du Midi, issued 4. July 1927
230:
system. This design was very simple and was capable of absorbing temperature variations.
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238:
195:
generation possible and this favoured electrification. The shortage of coal during the
86:
805:
606:
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168:
152:
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660:"Nicolas Jansburg's Structurae article on Canal du Midi (Translated from French)"
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204:
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46:
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192:
690:
Didier
Janssoone, Biarritz : La Gare du Midi, Cheminements, 2008 - (
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78:
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187:, and some coal was even imported from England. The proximity of the
75:
155:, and on 28 May 1858 the railway took over the lease of the canal.
276:
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45:
33:
580:. Madrid: MARCIAL PONS, EDICIONES DE HISTORIA, S.A. p. 141.
740:
369:
Z 23051-23063, railcar, later converted to 1,500 V DC to become
254:
253:
Where numbers appear inconsistent, this may be because Midi and
183:
production centres, so it was hard to get the fuel required for
180:
712:
203:(AC) at 12 kV and 16â
Hz was chosen for economic reasons. The
38:
Inauguration of the Bordeaux-SĂšte line on April 2, 1857 at
578:
Rothschild; Una historia de poder e influencia en España
108:, who thus broke the virtual monopoly held in France by
237:
On 29 August 1920, the government imposed the 1500 V
501:, rebuilds of some BB 4200 and BB 4700 locomotives
131:In 1856, the Midi completed its rail line from
207:system was rejected as being too complex so a
741:Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français
724:
176:dams, power plants and distribution systems.
8:
126:Chemins de fer de Paris à Orléans et du Midi
739:Major constituent railway companies of the
731:
717:
709:
162:
120:In 1934 the company was merged with the
18:
568:
295:Six prototype locomotives were ordered:
601:
599:
597:
151:. This put it in competition with the
167:Compagnie des chemins de fer du Midi
7:
59:
56:Compagnie des chemins de fer du Midi
104:The company was established by the
257:used different numbering systems.
14:
139:. In 1857, it continued on from
576:LĂłpez-Morell, Migule Ă. (2015).
243:Chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans
122:Chemin de fer de Paris à Orléans
66:), also known in English as the
638:. Princeton University Press.
356:Z 23031-23044, railcar, later
226:system and chose the American
1:
488:, previously Midi E 4701-4717
475:, previously Midi E 4601-4650
462:, previously Midi E 4201-4250
449:, previously Midi E 4101-4190
410:, previously Midi E 4801-4824
346:Ateliers du Nord et de l'Est
29:station Bordeaux-Saint-Jean.
822:Railway companies of France
544:, railcar, Midi Z 23051-063
531:, railcar, Midi Z 23001-015
436:, previously Midi E 4501-50
423:, previously Midi E 4001-40
397:, previously Midi E 3101-10
838:
752:CF d'Alsace et de Lorraine
747:
634:Mukerji, Chandra (2009).
613:. Ohio University Press.
179:The company was far from
40:Toulouse-Matabiau station
273:locomotive, E 3101
27:railway network in the
812:Chemins de fer du Midi
636:Impossible Engineering
292:
274:
172:
124:to become part of the
51:
43:
31:
25:chemins de fer du Midi
16:French railway company
280:
268:
166:
49:
37:
22:
249:Electric locomotives
401:SNCF class 2D2 5000
388:SNCF numbers first
297:Midi numbers first
261:Alternating current
211:system was chosen.
201:alternating current
518:, Midi Z 23201-215
492:SNCF class BB 4730
479:SNCF class BB 4700
466:SNCF class BB 4600
453:SNCF class BB 4200
440:SNCF class BB 4100
427:SNCF class BB 1600
414:SNCF class BB 1500
293:
275:
173:
52:
44:
32:
799:
798:
696:978-2-84478-642-5
645:978-0-691-14032-2
620:978-0-8214-0152-1
587:978-84-15963-59-2
535:SNCF class Z 4500
522:SNCF class Z 4300
505:SNCF class Z 4200
371:SNCF Z 4500 class
358:SNCF Z 4900 class
282:SNCF Z 4900 class
829:
733:
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307:General Electric
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110:James Rothschild
106:Pereire brothers
72:Southern Railway
61:
837:
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678:Further reading
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611:From Sea to Sea
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159:Electrification
115:Crédit Mobilier
85:, close to the
79:railway company
74:, was an early
17:
12:
11:
5:
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607:Rolt, L. T. C.
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437:
424:
411:
398:
386:
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384:Direct current
381:
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367:
354:
348:
342:
340:SLM Winterthur
329:
319:
309:
269:The prototype
263:
262:
250:
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239:direct current
185:steam traction
160:
157:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
834:
823:
820:
818:
817:Canal du Midi
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
791:
787:
783:
780:
778:
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773:
770:
767:
766:CF de l'Ouest
763:
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749:
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377:
372:
368:
364:
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353:
349:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
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328:
325:, later SNCF
324:
320:
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314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
299:
298:
288:
283:
279:
272:
267:
260:
259:
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248:
246:
244:
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235:
231:
229:
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224:overhead line
220:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
171:near Artouste
170:
169:power station
165:
158:
156:
154:
153:Canal du Midi
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
118:
116:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
95:Mediterranean
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
48:
41:
36:
30:
26:
21:
789:
762:CF de l'Ătat
663:. Retrieved
654:
635:
629:
610:
577:
571:
387:
350:E 3501 from
344:E 3401 from
336:Brown-Boveri
323:Westinghouse
321:E 3201 from
311:E 3101 from
301:E 3001 from
294:
252:
236:
232:
228:Westinghouse
216:narrow-gauge
213:
209:single-phase
178:
174:
130:
119:
103:
71:
67:
63:
55:
53:
24:
757:CF de l'Est
538: [
525: [
508: [
495: [
482: [
469: [
456: [
443: [
430: [
417: [
404: [
374: [
361: [
285: [
205:three-phase
128:(PO-Midi).
23:Map of the
806:Categories
790:CF du Midi
772:CF du Nord
665:13 October
563:References
557:Type 032 T
193:hydropower
97:â and the
89:coast, to
64:CF du Midi
352:Schneider
609:(1973).
551:See also
395:2C2 3100
327:1C1 3900
317:Henschel
219:Cerdanya
189:Pyrenees
145:Narbonne
143:through
141:Toulouse
137:Toulouse
133:Bordeaux
99:Pyrenees
87:Atlantic
83:Bordeaux
782:PO-Midi
516:railcar
303:Thomson
291:railcar
93:on the
777:CF PLM
694:
642:
617:
584:
332:E 3301
245:(PO).
76:French
786:CF PO
542:]
529:]
512:]
499:]
486:]
473:]
460:]
447:]
434:]
421:]
408:]
378:]
365:]
334:from
289:]
271:1âČC1âČ
191:made
788:and
692:ISBN
667:2009
640:ISBN
615:ISBN
582:ISBN
338:and
315:and
305:and
255:SNCF
214:The
181:coal
149:SĂšte
91:SĂšte
68:Midi
60:abbr
54:The
313:AEG
197:war
147:to
135:to
70:or
808::
596:^
540:fr
527:fr
514:,
510:fr
497:fr
484:fr
471:fr
458:fr
445:fr
432:fr
419:fr
406:fr
376:fr
363:fr
287:fr
117:.
101:.
62:.
792:)
784:(
768:)
764:(
732:e
725:t
718:v
702:)
698:)
684:)
669:.
648:.
623:.
590:.
58:(
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
