Sangley - Knowledge

1904:) attacked Manila and burned it to the ground. He retreated later to other places around the Luzon coast, where his forces continued killing and looting. Some of them stayed in the Philippines such as Limahong's male lover Eng Kang who later became the godson of the Spanish governor and renamed as Juan Baptista de Vera, allowing him to assimilate and partake in Philippine society without fear of consequences from Spanish authorities. Some crew of Limahang settled down and had children with native Indios. Many Sangleys, like Limahong and Eng Kang, had traditional homosexual relationships with either other Sangleys or native Indios. The Spanish, who themselves has racist views towards the Sangleys or Chinese, wanted to expel all Sangleys from the Philippines for a long time. After learning of the Sangley traditional homosexual bond system, the Spanish, especially the clergy, weaponized it to justify the massacre of many Sangley male lovers, with the intention of clearing the Philippines from any Sangleys. 1799: 2714: 2242: 2055:(Chinese ships). The Spanish galleon trade was mainly a business affair involving Spanish officials in Manila, Mexico and Spain, and Chinese traders from Xiamen. The highly lucrative galleon trade carried few products originating from the Philippine islands or involving resident domestic traders. The trade was so profitable that Mexican silver became an unofficial currency of Southern China; an estimated one-third of silver mined from the Americas flowed into China during that period. The Spanish galleons also transported Filipino crew and militia men to the Americas, among which were many Sangleys; Some of them chose to settle in Mexico, 1921: 1949: 1813: 2604: 2038: 179: 2579: 2938:. During less severe rain and in the hot summers, the sliding windows could be opened to allow greater circulation of air and more light into the house. When illuminated at night, such houses resemble giant Chinese lanterns. The stone/brick-and-wood house became so widespread throughout the islands that this Chinese-Filipino merchant's house came to be known as the "colonial Filipino" style. 77: 1165: 1717: 36: 266: 1913: 2228: 1852:. The Spanish colonization of the Philippines required more skilled laborers and they recruited Chinese immigrants. The economy became highly dependent upon the Chinese for their economic role as traders and artisans. Most of the Chinese living in the Manila area settled in a place called the Parían near 2527:

migrated to Central Luzon, Cebu, Iloilo, Negros and Cavite to handle the domestic trade of the islands. From trading, they branched out into landleasing, moneylending and later landholding. With wealth, they gained the ability to give their children elite education at the best schools in the islands

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developed. Although the colonial government never required them to adopt Spanish surnames, in many cases they chose to change their Chinese names. They adopted names such as Jalandoni, Laurel, Lopez, Osmeña, Palanca, Paterno, Rizal, etc., or used transliteration and Spanish phonetic spelling to make

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differently, fearing them as enemy aliens who posed a security threat due to their number. To protect their precarious position, the Spaniards enacted policies designed to control the residents of the islands by means of racial segregation and cultural assimilation, such as limiting the number of

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The mainland Chinese has historically had racist views towards people from the Philippines, who they refer as savages. This view intensified after the Spanish colonized the archipelago, where the people, including Spanish officials, were referred by the Chinese as "xiao xiyang" or barbarians. In

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special rights and privileges as colonial subjects of the Spanish Crown and as baptized converts to the Catholic Church. They were given preference to handle the domestic trade of the islands. In addition, they were allowed to lease land from the friar estates through the

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literally means "mixed-race (person) of business," it implies a "mixed-race (person) of Chinese and indigenous/Indio (Filipino) descent" because many early Chinese immigrants were traders and intermixed with the local population. Outside the Philippines, the Spanish word

2081:-Manila trade in the 18th century, it was chiefly the Spanish-controlled Manila-Acapulco trade that sustained the colony for much of the period. When the trade ended with the last ship's sailing in 1815, the Spaniards needed new sources of revenue. With the 1636:

ancestry, who were fewer in number. Their Indio ancestry (generally on the maternal side) made the Chinese mestizos be granted the legal status of colonial subjects of Spain, with certain rights and privileges denied to the pure-blooded Chinese immigrants

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in Cebu, that accepted all types of students, regardless of race, gender or financial status in the case of primary grade instruction. In 1863, the Spanish government established a modern system of free public education, the first of its kind in Asia.

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were among the Spanish settlers in the colony. With the help of the colonial government, religious orders built traditional stone-and-brick churches throughout the islands in the Spanish or Mexican Baroque style. Constructed within the walled-city of

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extended loans to farmers, who in exchange for cash, pawned their land with the option of buying it back. In the event of default, the moneylender recovered the loan by foreclosing on the land from the farmer. Many local farmers lost their lands to

1871:, for example: Asico, Biazon, Chanco, Cojuangco, Cuyangkeng, Goquilay, Lacson, Landicho, Laoinco, Locsin, Ongpin, Quebengco, Sylianco, Tanbengco, Tanchanco, Tanjuatco, Tetangco, Tiongson, Tuazon, Yaptinchay, Yuchenco, Yuchengco, Yupangco, etc. 2218:

traders in the Philippines. By the 1870s, the economic dominance of the British and American merchants and their Chinese trading partners was said by some observers to turn the Philippines into an "Anglo-Chinese Colony under the Spanish Flag".

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synthesized a hybrid culture incorporating Hispanic and European influences with both indigenous and Asian elements. In fashion, cuisine, design and architecture, a distinctive style emerged, especially among the wealthier segment. As the

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held feasts to commemorate baptisms, weddings, funerals and processions. As the 19th century drew to a close, the colonial Spanish empire in the Philippines was defeated by the rising Western empire of the United States following the

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in Tondo mirrored these trends. Spanish military commanders publicly expressed a preference for mestizo regiments over native militias, enraging Filipino indio elites and requiring a deft negotiation of the political realities in

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Edward Slack, "Arming Chinese Mestizos in Manila: The Regimiento de Mestizos "Real Príncipe" of Tondo during the Late Eighteenth Century", Paper to be given 10 Jan 2010, American Historical Association Conference, accessed 16 Dec

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earned their livelihood as carpenters, tailors, cobblers, locksmiths, masons, metalsmiths, weavers, bakers, carvers and other skilled craftsmen. As metalsmiths, they helped to build the Spanish galleons in shipyards located in

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Generally, Sangley is usually believed or purported to literally mean "merchant traveler" or "frequent visitor." According to Go Bon Juan, the most commonly accepted version is usually that the term "sangley" comes from the

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classes in Latin American and the Philippines. When colonial authorities accepted them into the militias and armed them, it was in recognition of their rising social position and integration into the colonial economies.

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from their role as the domestic traders of the islands. Although officially under Spanish rule, cosmopolitan Binondo became the semi-official capital of an "Anglo-Chinese colony" in the late 19th-century Philippines.

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The majority of Chinese sojourners, traders, and settlers in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period came from southern Fujian and spoke Hokkien, leaving their mark on Filipino culture (especially the

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In contrast to the typical stone-and-brick Spanish colonial houses, this style of residence was better suited to the tropical environment of the islands. It was more flexible, so could better withstand frequent

2934:. The steep roofs with overhanging eaves provided shelter against rain and storms, and added to the sense of openness and space connecting the interior and exterior. These helped shield residents from seasonal 1561:

Throughout these islands they call the Chinese 'Sangleyes', meaning 'a people who come and go,' on account of their habit of coming annually to these islands to trade, or, as they say there, 'the regular

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expressed religious devotion with processions marking important occasions, such as the Feast of La Naval de Manila, commemorating the naval victory of the Spanish over the Dutch off Manila Bay in 1646.

2970:, were referred to as "little brown Americans". The Philippines was made a protectorate in relation to the United States, with the residents given special status but not U.S. citizenship at the time. 3779: 2153:

From the late 18th century through much of the 19th century, the Spanish encouraged development of tobacco as another commodity crop, controlling it as a monopoly. Cultivation was concentrated in

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had been displaced from tobacco marketing as the Spanish established their monopoly. Some wholesale and retail traders converted their capital into larger landholdings. They developed sugar

1804: 2570:. He was among those who called for reforms in the administration of the colony, integration as a province of Spain, and political representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes. 1763:

Male Chinese traders and workers came during the colonial period, most of whom intermarried with native women. The Spanish government classified the anyone who had ancestry from China as

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merchants entered the island's economy, which was being integrated into the global trading system. The Spaniards tended to be more isolated from the new urban environment. They lived in

2539:. These subjects were granted Spanish citizenship, thus acquiring legal equality in the Philippines with Spanish-born Spaniards. Toward the end of Spanish rule in the 19th century, the 5313: 2926:. On the outside, sliding wooden shutters could cover the windows for another layer of privacy and ventilation control. This area has been designated as an historic district. 1798: 1527:, merchant.) adj. Name that in ancient times was given in the Philippines to Chinese merchants, and that later became generic to those of this race residing in those islands. 3772: 2818:. They used indigenous ingredients and Spanish names to improvise what became part of an evolving creole Filipino cuisine. During the 19th century, noodle shops called 2177:

The increase in the late 19th century of British and American commercial interests in Manila coincided with the British founding of a network of treaty port-cities in

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to both supply the labor and manage the colonial economy of the islands. However, after the attacks of the Chinese pirate Limahong, the Spanish colonists viewed the

1516:, mercader.) adj. Nombre que en lo antiguo se dio en Filipinas a los mercaderes chinos, y que luego se hizo genérico de los de esta raza residentes en aquellas islas 3936: 2713: 3251: 2950:

prospered from trading, they built the first and in many cases the only stone-and-wood houses in the countryside. Like other rising elites, they created forms of

4628: 3765: 1100:'Sangley) Langlang (pc) this is what the elderlies called Sangleys when they came with them'. This has long fallen out of use except in food such as 1593:) is normally used to refer to persons of mixed European and non-European ancestry, but the lower number of European mestizos in the Philippines made the term 1280:'business', which is consistent with the business background of the early Chinese in the Philippines. According to Saul Hofileña Jr on the history of 5303: 1738:

is a term that arose during Spanish colonization of the Philippines, where circumstances were different from colonial settlement of the Americas. During the

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began to markedly improved their position. After the violence and turmoil of the Spanish expulsion of Chinese-Filipino population for having sided with the

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was the first stone church built in the archipelago. It became the spiritual center of Christianity in the Philippines, and also in Asia. The remains of

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and the consequent expansion of the global economy, the Spaniards decided to open up the Philippines to foreign trade. They appointed Governor-General

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Contemporary 21st century historians have studied demographic and social changes in the Philippines during this period. They note the changes in how

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The Spanish encouraged those China traders to convert to Catholicism. Many of the Chinese men married native women, and over time the multi-cultural

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entered the Philippines as traders prior to Spanish colonization. Many emigrated to the Philippines, establishing concentrated communities first in

3619:(1609/1907), (Translated and Annotated in English), Ed. E.H. Blair and J.A. Robertson, J.A. (editors). Cleveland, Ohio: The Arthur H. Clark Company 2214:, legalizing and liberalizing Chinese emigration, which had been illegal since the Ming dynasty. This led to a rapid increase in the population of 4427: 2241: 3050: 2915:-wood structural beams to frame the two-story house. Walls were formed of brick coated with plaster. Sliding window panels made with translucent 5126: 4659: 4622: 3009: 1359: 4618: 3235: 2082: 1633: 1328:'traveling merchant', which Go Bon Juan considered "a rather literal term uncommon among early Chinese in the Philippines", although 3602: 2697:

who served as an altar boy in the Binondo Church (which has since been named after him). Established by the Spanish Dominicans for Catholic

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Following the war, the United States took possession of the Philippines and influenced its culture in turn. The Filipinos, including the

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grew rapidly over the years as more Chinese male immigrants arrived, converted to Catholicism, settled in Binondo and intermarried with

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resulting in the loss of Spain's colonies in the Americas, the Spanish government quickly lost its position of pre-eminence amongst the

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Cruikshank, Bruce (1982). "Review of The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines: Bureaucratic Enterprise and Social Change, 1776-1880".

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and tobacco, in 1834 the Spanish allowed both non-Spanish Westerners and Chinese immigrants to settle anywhere in the islands. The

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due to his partial Chinese ancestry. But he also had indigenous, Japanese, and Spanish ancestors, and he asked to be classified as

2897:(meaning "where sangleys live"), prosperous Chinese-Filipino merchants built stone-and-wood houses (really brick and wood) called 2112:

monopoly in the Philippines, though with much help from other Spanish interests and reliance on Filipino local elites, called the

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With the opening of the colony to foreign trade in 1834, Western merchants established import/export and financial companies in

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From the beginning of the colonial period in the Philippines, the Spanish administration had the goal of converting natives to

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mestizo economic power increased in conjunction with its social and political clout. The formation of auxiliary units called

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also known as Chinese mestizos, which are mixed descendants of Sangley Chinese and native Filipinos. Chinese mestizos were

5238: 4635: 2658: 2191: 3553: 1748:, explorers, missionaries, and soldiers) settled there. For decades most Spanish men made liaisons and intermarried with 4984: 4829: 4770: 4765: 4677: 4473: 4468: 4458: 4350: 3528: 2702: 1948: 375: 4500: 5132: 4999: 3981: 3612: 2662: 1812: 1281: 1232: 770: 537: 141: 4205: 4176: 4094: 1535:, Diccionario de filipinismos, con la revisión de lo que al respecto lleva publicado la Real academia española (1921) 1411: 2603: 2578: 113: 5283: 5176: 5155: 5093: 5088: 4994: 4989: 4796: 4512: 4448: 4417: 4396: 4386: 4105: 3634: 2639: 2635: 2096:

when it became independent in 1821, Spain took over direct control of the Philippines. It had been governed by the

2037: 1570:, Relacion y Descripciones de las Islas Filipinas ("Relation and Description of the Filipinas Islands", circa 1576) 1423: 728: 2150:

took advantage of the rapid changes as the colonial economy was integrated into the markets of the Western world.

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The Spanish colonial government established schools and colleges run mostly by religious orders, including the

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During the 17th century, the Spaniards carried out four great massacres and expulsions against the unconverted

2339:, as they did not officially sanction marriages among subjects that were performed outside the Catholic Church. 193: 187: 120: 94: 49: 3738: 3679: 2366:; none would recant their Christian beliefs. Long venerated in the Philippines, he later was beatified by the 2513:

From the 18th century until the latter half of the 19th century, Spanish authorities came to depend upon the

5160: 5150: 4791: 4786: 4713: 4391: 4355: 4329: 4324: 3431: 3409: 3386: 2951: 2651: 2615: 2597: 2405: 2246: 2045: 1956: 1292:. According to Go Bon Juan, Hofileña had apparently based this on the pronunciation of the word "trader" in 87: 5248: 5015: 4495: 4360: 3732: 3054: 2566:, arose as an intellectual from the relatively wealthy, middle-class, Spanish-educated Filipinos known as 886: 204: 2737:, where Hispanic Catholicism dominated the walled city. The rapid urbanization elsewhere transformed the 2381:

usually generated from real or imagined fears of an imminent invasion from China. In the aftermath, many

127: 5226: 3948: 3077: 2650:(who was killed during Limahong's siege) were interred in that church. The church was sacked during the 4200: 4089: 3138:[Sangley) Langlang (pc) this is what the elderlies called Sangleyes when they came with them] 2532: 2100:

or Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) during much of the colonial period. Coinciding with the advent of

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As the Spanish galleons carried mostly Chinese luxury goods destined for Europe, Mexicans called them

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Monroy, Emily. (23 August 2002) "Race Mixing and Westernization in Latin America and the Philippines"

3131: 3109:. New York: Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University & Linguistic Society of the Philippines. 2741:

of Binondo into a thriving commercial district within an expanding urban core. The overseas Chinese (

2211: 2157:, where the Spanish relied on the principalía to have their workers produce and deliver the tobacco. 1767:

regardless of their ethnic makeup. Their mixed-race descendants with native women were classified as

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referring to both Filipinos with Chinese ancestry, and Chinese people in general. It is derived from

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The Language of the Sangleys: A Chinese Vernacular in Missionary Sources of the Seventeenth Century

3603:(2006) "The Colonial Imaginary. Photography in the Philippines during the Spanish Period 1860–1898" 1844: 1836: 1540: 1372: 1095: 1010: 843: 732: 657: 495: 367: 343: 323: 1895: 1474: 1444: 1391: 1342: 1313: 1261: 1204: 1128: 1049: 951: 603: 5308: 5186: 4946: 4728: 4708: 4703: 4576: 3596: 3473: 3465: 3245: 3143: 2923: 2510:

dropped from a high of 25,000 prior to the first great massacre of 1603 to below 10,000 by 1850.

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there. While the colonies developed in distinct ways, there were similarities in the rise of the

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a land grant in perpetuity. They were allowed to establish a self-governing organization, called

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converted at least nominally to Catholicism, adopted Hispanicized names, and intermarried with

4861: 4822: 4817: 4723: 4640: 4599: 4566: 4533: 4188: 4149: 4072: 4023: 3964: 3896: 3663: 3655: 3532: 3231: 3208: 3083: 2984: 2916: 2890: 2178: 2006:(Amoy); they traveled in armed ships to trade with the Spanish. Chinese luxury goods, such as 1831: 1685: 1677: 1661: 1415: 922: 918: 803: 774: 744: 713: 627: 570: 477: 459: 391: 387: 299: 3494:

The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines: Bureaucratic Enterprise and Social Change, 1776–1880

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Los filipinismos y otras palabras de Filipinas contenidas en el «Diccionario» de la Academia

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Chinese-Filipino merchants dominated the textile industry in Molo and Jaro. Iloilo produced

2730: 2690: 2586: 2359: 2347: 2215: 2074: 1999: 1820: 1689: 1673: 1652: 1646: 1606: 1577: 1532: 1488: 1461: 1434: 1381: 1363: 1332: 1293: 1289: 1251: 1240: 1191: 1148: 1118: 1086: 1069: 1039: 999: 938: 879: 832: 623: 590: 543: 521: 484: 455: 443: 363: 347: 319: 315: 295: 4951: 4137: 3510: 3410:"Violence and Imagination: Conquering the Chinese and Creating the Philippines, 1574–16031" 3387:"Violence and Imagination: Conquering the Chinese and Creating the Philippines, 1574–16031" 2535:, the Philippines was granted the status of a Spanish province, with representation in the 638:

in general, albeit some speakers prefer 'Tsino' (see below) due to some perceived informal

554:, then in other cities and settlements throughout the archipelago, historically going from 5233: 5120: 4856: 4839: 4183: 4171: 4067: 4018: 3998: 3683: 3638: 3136:

Sangley) Langlang (pc) anſi llamauan los viejos deſtos ſangleyes cuando venian con ellos

3004: 2643: 2622: 2544: 2434:. At the same time, New Spain created a colonial militia in Latin America, also enrolling 2431: 2367: 2143: 1884: 1628:

differentiated ethnic Chinese from other types of island mestizos (such as those of mixed

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Sangley) Langlang (pc) anſi llamauan los viejos deſtos ſangleyes cuando venian con ellos

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Thru the Lens of Latin America: A Wide-Angle View of the Philippine Colonial Experience

2994: 2738: 2536: 2031: 2027: 1995: 1164: 635: 515: 473: 447: 331: 3368:"Chinese Merchants, Silver Galleons, and Ethnic Violence in Spanish Manila, 1603–1686" 3344: 2866:

as a staple (and wet-rice agriculture). One result was the local rice porridge called

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Hofileña, Saul (2011). "Sangley Point and the former U.S. Navy Yard in Cavite City".

3163: 2899: 2559: 2086: 2019: 1868: 1779: 1720: 1602: 1236: 619: 134: 1004: 912: 4929: 4224: 4219: 4062: 4011: 3986: 3974: 2726: 2705:. It became the center site for the religious rites of the community. The Catholic 2689:

was the official guild chartered to administer community affairs. Born in Binondo,

2363: 2166:. They partnered with Chinese wholesale/retail traders throughout the islands. The 1744: 1065: 55: 3079:

Chinese and Chinese Mestizos of Manila: Family, Identity, and Culture, 1860s-1930s

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Go, Bon Juan (December 23, 2014 – January 19, 2015). "Gems of History: Sangley".

3121: 2903:. These followed some of the tradition of Malay village houses-on-stilts, called 4871: 4212: 4127: 3969: 3945: 2519: 2324: 2233: 2134:

for the new export market, particularly in Central Luzon, and on the islands of

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who did not convert to Catholicism. Circumventing a royal decree outlawing the

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Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Capitalist Development in Southeast Asia

2931: 2807:. As a means of maintaining social stratification, the Spanish prohibited the 2734: 2631: 2626: 2362:

grew up in the early 1600s. He was martyred under torture in Japan with three

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is the feminine form of the above, meaning “a young Chinese woman”, also from

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is a term derived from Spanish and means “a young Chinese man”, from Spanish:

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from Mexican and Peruvian mines. Twice a year the galleons sailed across the

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came to acquire many native lands, chiefly through a legal instrument called

3823: 3813: 3728: 3207:. Vol. XXVII, no. 14. Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, Inc. pp. 5–6. 3024: 2886:(sticky rice,) among others, trace their origins to the Chinese immigrants. 2788: 2677:

Binondo served as the traditional center of community life for the Catholic

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from Manila to Acapulco and back. The goods were later shipped to Spain via

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from wearing European-style clothing, as a means of separating the groups.

1406:'frequently comes', which appeared beside "Sangley" labeled in the 3291:

Quilis, Antonio; Casado-Fresnillo, Celia; Quilis-Sanz, María José (1997).

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of the colonial economy. From their concentration in Binondo, Manila, the

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Wickberg, Edgar. (March 1964) "The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History"

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https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:336763/fulltext.pdf

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The founding of Chinese mestizo regiments in the Philippines was part of

2200: 2186: 1880: 1143:'our people', retains its meaning and is still used primarily in 563: 3914: 3725:

The Philippine Chinese: A Cultural History of A Marginal Trading Company

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to around 6,000, a measure that was proved soon impossible to maintain.

2002:. Acting as a transshipment port, Manila attracted Chinese traders from 514:(descendants of colonial ethnic Spanish and native-born Filipinos), the 265: 4888: 3673: 3469: 3014: 2979: 2935: 2859: 2475: 2289: 2162: 2154: 2109: 2078: 1601:. For example, Benito Legarda used this definition when talking to the 1188: 883: 559: 467: 2358:

formed a small community of several hundred in Binondo. This is where

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of either mixed (whether partial or half or majority descent) or pure

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San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613). de Silva, Juan (Don.) (ed.).

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and Han Chinese ancestry or a person with likewise similar features.

1303: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1024: 860:" is the spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages. 817:" is the spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages. 547: 3461: 3367: 2554:

tended to side with the white Spanish colonists during the numerous

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migrated to other areas in the course of work and business, such as

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worked as skilled artisans or traders. Aside from shopkeeping, the

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Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero

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As the subsistence economy shifted to an export crop economy, for

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As an example, in the late 19th century, the author and activist

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especially as it is also used in historical place names such as

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Retana, Wenceslao Emilio (Testimony of Benito Legarda) (1921).

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fiber for heirloom garments. During the late 19th century, the

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shifted to the export crop economy by developing and enlarging

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as the colonial capital of the Philippines, the Chinese pirate

3497:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 197. 1500: 1223:

There are multiple versions of the interpretation on the word

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to settle in Binondo. In the 19th century, the population of

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as the official marketplace and designated residence for the

2077:-Manila trade in the 17th century and the British-controlled 1428:

Bocabulario de la lengua sangleya por las letraz de el A.B.C.

1288:, a Chinese word for 'trader', which became "sangley" to the 1183:

traditionally written right to left and when read in the old

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were rampant, with many Chinese migrants working as low-wage

2779:), a translucent fabric woven from silk yarn for the formal 2245:

Sangley Chinese Merchant & Native Filipina of Manila by

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spelling in Tagalog/Filipino and other Philippine languages.

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ancestry. The Sangley Chinese were ancestors to both modern

3745:, 62–100. Lawrence, Kansas: The University of Kansas, CEAS. 2396:

fared in Philippine society. In the late 18th century, the

2335:

women. They did not recognize marriages of the unconverted

1971:

or lessee system, that allowed them to sublet those lands.

3592:

Lineage, Life and Labors of Jose Rizal, Philippine Patriot

1805:

Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas

985:; 'I work'. The last two words come from Cebuano: 3716:

Tettoni, Luca Invernizzi and Sosrowardoyo, Tara. (1997).

3267:"The Manila Incunabula and Early Hokkien Studies, Part 2" 1742:

of the 16th and 17th centuries, numerous male Spaniards (

1483:

which it explains as "those who come to trade" which the

1377:'merchant'. Another cited possible etymon is the 3584:

Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams

2558:

revolts against Spanish rule. In the late 19th century,

2252:

The Spanish authorities had initially depended upon the

1982:

or contract of retrocession. Through this instrument, a

1362:

recorded before in Manila as one of the terms listed as

3027:

of Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, and Thailand

3554:"How Filipinos Came to Be Called as "Brown Americans"" 2729:

emerged in Binondo, at the same time that Western and

1624:

In 16th to 19th century Spanish Philippines, the term

2814:

In food, Chinese-Filipinos adapted Hokkien food from

2466:

women. With no legal restrictions on their movement,

3430:

chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/

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The ubiquitous 2550:Also identifying as the "true sons of Spain", the 2319:The Spanish colonists attempted to assimilate the 1875:1574, a few years after the Spaniards established 3525:Ciudad Murada: A Walk Through Historic Intramuros 3506: 3504: 2350:mestizo couple, c.1846 by Jean Mallat de Bassilan 2014:and finely crafted furniture, were exchanged for 1015:'to defecate'; The full phrase was thus " 3700:(1999) "The Historic Town of Vigan, Philippines" 2323:into the Hispanic culture and converted many to 2210:In 1868, the United States and China signed the 2059:, and parts of present United States, specially 1998:(1565–1815) tied China to Europe via Manila and 3317:. Manila: Filipiniana Publications. p. 50. 2749:: Huáqiáo) merchants essentially displaced the 2410: 1559: 1551:Relacion y Descripciones de las Islas Filipinas 1505: 1916:A native Filipino trades with a Sangley vendor 1842:Spanish explorers and conquistadors landed in 4283: 3930: 3773: 3443: 3441: 3439: 1507: 898: 890: 849: 806: 509: 8: 3743:The Journal of Southeast Asian History, 5(1) 2370:and canonized in 1987 as the first Filipino 1235:), the northern promontory point and former 536:(Japanese mestizos, descendants of colonial 258: 2870:. Other well-known Filipino dishes such as 2354:Beginning in 1600, the first generation of 2108:, who was instrumental in establishing the 1700:, a person born of pure or majority ethnic 1401: 1323: 1275: 1214: 1138: 1059: 993: 961: 797: 707: 694: 681: 668: 613: 483:The Spanish had such categories as indios ( 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5047: 4755: 4529: 4309: 4290: 4276: 4268: 3937: 3923: 3915: 3780: 3766: 3720:. Hong Kong, China: Periplus Editions Ltd. 3626:. Münster, Hamburg and Berlin: LIT Verlag. 3527:. Manila: Intramuros Administration & 3345:"Semantics of Colonization and Revolution" 3250:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3205:Tulay Fortnightly: Chinese-Filipino Digest 2446:After the Spanish colonists abolished the 2284:, as governor-general of the Philippines, 1605:Philippine Commission (1899–1900), citing 1017:Chinese (labourer), I work, eat, and shit! 716:') is a modern term currently used in 528:(Indian mestizos, descendants of colonial 442:to describe respectively a person of pure 264: 257: 4867:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese 3713:, Singapore: Page One Publishing Pte Ltd. 2701:, the Binondo Church is now known as the 241:Learn how and when to remove this message 223:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 3314:Chinese elements in the Tagalog language 3134:). La Noble Villa de Pila. p. 545. 2922:, in latticework patterns, enclosed the 2602: 2577: 2240: 2226: 1924:Sangley vendor among other local vendors 1811: 1797: 937:" was originally the Philippine Hokkien 186:This article includes a list of general 5278:of France in the western Indian Ocean. 3366:Ruiz-Stovel, Guillermo (January 2009). 3042: 2767:threads, which was used for the casual 2725:In the late 19th century, cosmopolitan 2654:in 1762, before being rebuilt in 1854. 1821:Sangley Chinese and/or Chinese Mestizos 5314:History of the Philippines (1565–1898) 3723:Weightman, George H. (February 1960). 3607:Casa Asia: Centro Cultural Conde Duque 3243: 3141: 3010:Japanese settlement in the Philippines 2304:children and descendants. He gave the 1752:women; their children were considered 3148:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( 2430:'s military modernization during the 2174:devoted to agricultural commodities. 2083:Spanish American wars of independence 2073:Apart from the Portuguese-controlled 27:Archaic terms used in the Philippines 7: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 2862:). The Chinese brought their use of 2761:, a hand-woven cloth made from fine 2063:. Americans called these immigrants 1740:Spanish colonization of the Americas 1284:, the name supposedly derived from ' 1076:persons. It is recorded in the 1613 745:''Chinese Filipinos'' or ''Fil-Chi'' 577:or Filipinos with Chinese ancestry: 99:adding citations to reliable sources 5304:Chinese diaspora in the Philippines 3711:Tropical Architecture and Interiors 1617:was also used interchangeably with 699:'Filipino' or the Tagalog: 2924:typically large horizontal windows 2703:Minor Basilica of San Lorenzo Ruiz 2531:Following the promulgation of the 876:offensive derogatory slang or slur 192:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 3735:Dissertation Information Service. 3615:History of the Philippine Islands 2506:, etc. The number of unconverted 476:, classified together with other 45:This article has multiple issues. 2316:(Guild of Mestizos of Binondo). 2044:(Chinese Runner/Deliveryman) by 1064:'our people') is a very 765:and literally means “Chinese”. " 686:'Chinese' with Tagalog: 618:'uncle') is the native, 434:) are archaic terms used in the 177: 75: 34: 3523:Torres, Jose Victor Z. (2005). 3408:Hawkley, Ethan (October 2017). 3385:Hawkley, Ethan (October 2017). 3372:México y la cuenca del Pacífico 3106:A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan 1900: 1848:, which they named in honor of 1487:however prefers the latter. In 1479: 1449: 1396: 1347: 1319:siang-lú / siang-lír / siang-lí 1318: 1266: 1239:naval base headquarters in the 1209: 1133: 1079:Vocabulario de la lengua tagala 1054: 981: 956: 720:and Tagalog/Filipino and other 608: 446:ancestry and a person of mixed 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 2587:Sangley & Chinese Mestizos 1891: 1557:, 1576) as per Manuel (1948): 1308: 673:'Chinese' or Tagalog: 1: 3552:Reyes, Bobby (May 14, 2007). 2954:to signify their status. The 2787:, a handwoven fabric made of 2687:Gremio de Mestizos de Binondo 2659:Colegio de San Juan de Letran 2314:Gremio de Mestizos de Binondo 2195:trade, previously limited to 2067:and the Mexicans called them 1945:and its numerous structures. 1824: 1499:was also recorded before as ( 1353:Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum 550:and throughout the island of 275: 4423:Democratic Republic of Congo 3751: 3706:, UNESCO World Heritage Site 3529:Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 3450:The Journal of Asian Studies 3053:. colorq.org. Archived from 1802:Sangleys as depicted in the 1731:but also had other ancestry. 540:and native Filipinos), etc. 3622:Gambe, Annabelle R. (2000) 3582:Anderson, Benedict. (1988) 3330:Diccionario de filipinismos 3311:Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948). 3265:Van der Loon, Piet (1967). 3005:Hokkien and Hoklo Americans 1611:Diccionario de filipinismos 1493:Diccionario de filipinismos 1219:'frequently comes'. 1082:, where its entry reads in 802:'Chinese' with the 5330: 3674:Medina, Elizabeth. (1999) 2667:Universidad de Santo Tomás 2533:Cádiz Constitution of 1812 2450:in 1790, they allowed the 2231:Another Sangley couple in 2098:Virreinato de Nueva España 1771:; they were also known as 1351:is indeed recorded in the 739:born and/or raised in the 524:and Sangley Chinese), the 5272: 3955: 3682:February 9, 2007, at the 3491:De Jesus, Ed. C. (1980). 3176:Philippine Daily Inquirer 2346:French Illustration of a 2292:in 1594 for the Catholic 2189:. They also expanded the 1465: 1455:"he who comes very often" 1438: 1385: 1336: 1297: 1255: 1195: 1122: 1043: 971: 942: 927:late Spanish colonial era 594: 386: 290: 263: 3709:Tan, Hock Beng. (1994). 3704:Advisory Body Evaluation 3629:Klöter, Henning. (2011) 3076:Chu, Richard T. (2012). 2834:" from the Hokkien word 2671:Colegio de San Ildefonso 2327:. They allowed Catholic 2268:The Spanish founded the 1941:. As masons, they built 1867:them appear Hispanic by 1817:Mestizos Sangley y Chino 1725:Philippine National Hero 1589:(without the qualifying 620:colloquial informal term 3613:de Morga, Dr. Antonio. 3590:Craig, Austin. (2004). 3414:World History Connected 3391:World History Connected 3103:Wolff, John U. (1972). 2952:conspicuous consumption 2907:, but instead of using 2846:(flavored with sauce); 2640:Miguel López de Legazpi 2272:in 1581 in what became 1003: 986: 899: 891: 848:'Chinese' with 532:and native Filipinos), 472:(mixed peoples) in the 207:more precise citations. 3599:: Kessinger Publishing 2911:and thatch, they used 2854:(cooked as pasta) and 2775:(Chinese term for raw 2722: 2618: 2600: 2424: 2406:1762 capture of Manila 2351: 2286:Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas 2249: 2238: 2048: 1959: 1925: 1917: 1845:Las Islas de Filipinas 1839: 1809: 1732: 1573: 1538: 1508: 1495:(1921), the entry for 1367: 1220: 1090: 966:'uncle', and " 850: 836: 807: 792: 700: 687: 674: 661: 510: 488: 3696:. Caracas, Venezuela. 3637:May 19, 2012, at the 3168:"Reclaiming 'Intsik'" 2850:(served with broth); 2716: 2606: 2581: 2562:, a fifth-generation 2528:and later in Europe. 2432:reformist Bourbon era 2345: 2244: 2230: 2040: 1996:Spanish Galleon Trade 1962:The Spanish gave the 1951: 1923: 1915: 1815: 1801: 1719: 1355:(1626-1642) that the 1167: 998:'to eat' and 534:mestizos de japoneses 500:'Indian' for 382:Related ethnic groups 5031:United Arab Emirates 4923:Straits-Born Chinese 3897:Mestizo (de Español) 3343:Olsen, Rosalinda N. 3132:Early Modern Spanish 3082:. BRILL. p. 1. 3057:on December 24, 2010 2961:Spanish–American War 2616:José Honorato Lozano 2598:José Honorato Lozano 2247:José Honorato Lozano 2212:Treaty of Burlingame 2046:José Honorato Lozano 1957:José Honorato Lozano 1704:descent or of mixed 1694:Philippine languages 1684:) is widely used in 722:Philippine languages 632:Philippine languages 573:terms that refer to 464:Mestizos de Sangley, 440:Spanish colonial era 376:Philippine languages 95:improve this article 5276:overseas department 4582:Trinidad and Tobago 3759:Spanish Philippines 3166:(August 19, 2020). 2968:mestizos de sangley 2956:mestizos de sangley 2943:mestizos de sangley 2793:mestizos de sangley 2751:mestizos de sangley 2743:traditional Chinese 2707:mestizos de sangley 2683:mestizos de sangley 2552:mestizos de sangley 2541:mestizos de sangley 2525:mestizos de sangley 2515:mestizos de sangley 2468:mestizos de sangley 2456:mestizos de sangley 2356:mestizos de sangley 2331:to intermarry with 2310:mestizo de sangleys 2302:mestizos de sangley 2168:mestizos de sangley 2148:mestizos de sangley 2128:mestizos de sangley 1989:mestizos de sangley 1976:mestizos de sangley 1964:mestizos de sangley 1837:Justiniano Asuncion 1533:Wenceslao E. Retaña 1420:William Henry Scott 1175:, with the label, " 511:mestizos de Español 462:descendants of the 260: 5284:Hong Kong Diaspora 4552:Dominican Republic 3904:Mestizo de Sangley 3804:Mestizo de Sangley 3597:Whitefish, Montana 2803:wore multicolored 2723: 2695:mestizo de sangley 2669:in Manila, or the 2636:San Agustin Church 2619: 2601: 2564:mestizo de sangley 2464:mestizo de sangley 2398:mestizo de sangley 2394:mestizo de sangley 2352: 2250: 2239: 2069:los indios Chinos. 2049: 1960: 1953:Chino Chanchaulero 1926: 1918: 1861:mestizo de sangley 1850:Philip II of Spain 1840: 1810: 1784:mestizo de sangley 1782:was classified as 1769:Mestizo de sangley 1736:Mestizo de sangley 1733: 1729:mestizo de sangley 1626:mestizo de sangley 1619:mestizo de sangley 1599:mestizo de sangley 1582:mestizo de sangley 1568:Francisco de Sande 1549:also notes in his 1547:Francisco de Sande 1424:Philippine history 1422:, an authority on 1221: 1185:Chiangchiu dialect 1181:Chinese characters 1179:" on top with the 1168:Sangley couple in 1145:Philippine Hokkien 1116:Philippine Hokkien 1037:Philippine Hokkien 733:permanent resident 718:Philippine English 588:Philippine Hokkien 586:(derived from the 538:Japanese Filipinos 526:mestizos de Bombay 412:Mestizo de Sangley 406:; Spanish plural: 328:Philippine English 324:Hiligaynon/Ilonggo 304:Philippine Hokkien 292:Philippine Spanish 272:mestiza de sangley 5291: 5290: 5230: 5210: 5209: 5129: 5039: 5038: 4918:Chinese nationals 4845:Peranakan Chinese 4747: 4746: 4660:by city and state 4656: 4649: 4615: 4608: 4521: 4520: 4428:Republic of Congo 4265: 4264: 4201:Teochew Taiwanese 4090:Teochew Taiwanese 3913: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3844:Sangley (Chinese) 3800:Sangley (Chinese) 3686:, Santiago, Chile 3237:978-971-95130-0-1 3164:Ocampo, Ambeth R. 2985:Cambodian Hokkien 2891:Vigan, Ilocos Sur 2882:(fried rice) and 2795:wore embroidered 1613:(1921). The term 1453:explaining it as 1404: 1376: 1326: 1278: 1217: 1149:Chinese Filipinos 1141: 1099: 1062: 1014: 997: 964: 847: 804:diminutive suffix 801: 714:diminutive suffix 711: 698: 685: 672: 634:used to refer to 616: 522:Spanish Filipinos 499: 478:Filipino mestizos 456:Chinese Filipinos 421:mestisong Sangley 402:(English plural: 397: 396: 392:Filipino mestizos 388:Chinese Filipinos 251: 250: 243: 233: 232: 225: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 5321: 5254:Papua New Guinea 5224: 5125: 5048: 4756: 4652: 4645: 4619:British Columbia 4611: 4604: 4530: 4310: 4299:Overseas Chinese 4292: 4285: 4278: 4269: 4209: 4197: 4180: 4098: 3939: 3932: 3925: 3916: 3796: 3795: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3749: 3609:. Madrid, Spain. 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3531:pp. 62–63. 3520: 3514: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3445: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3271: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3249: 3241: 3228:Under the Stacks 3223: 3217: 3216: 3200: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3147: 3139: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3047: 3020:Nanyang (region) 3000:Filipino mestizo 2990:Chinese Filipino 2731:overseas Chinese 2717:Sangley Chinese 2691:San Lorenzo Ruiz 2663:Ateneo Municipal 2652:Battle of Manila 2422: 2360:San Lorenzo Ruiz 2348:Chinese-Filipino 2300:wives and their 2216:Overseas Chinese 2034:side of Mexico. 2000:Acapulco, Mexico 1991:in this manner. 1902: 1893: 1835:, watercolor by 1829: 1826: 1756:and were called 1607:Wenceslao Retana 1571: 1544:Governor-General 1536: 1518: 1489:Wenceslao Retana 1481: 1472: 1451: 1442: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1389: 1371: 1349: 1340: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1310: 1301: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1271:: /ɕiɪŋ³³ li⁵⁵⁴/ 1259: 1241:Cavite Peninsula 1218: 1215: 1211: 1202: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1126: 1094: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1047: 1009: 995: 992: 983: 978: 965: 962: 958: 949: 917:", a derogatory 904: 896: 855: 842: 812: 799: 796: 761:is derived from 743:, also known as 709: 706: 696: 693: 683: 680: 670: 667: 617: 614: 610: 601: 544:Overseas Chinese 530:Indian Filipinos 513: 494: 460:Filipino mestizo 444:overseas Chinese 280: 277: 268: 261: 246: 239: 228: 221: 217: 214: 208: 203:this article by 194:inline citations 181: 180: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5318: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5286: 5268: 5206: 5165: 5139: 5072: 5035: 5004: 4973: 4850:Bangka-Belitung 4840:Benteng Chinese 4801: 4775: 4743: 4692: 4666: 4586: 4517: 4432: 4406: 4375: 4339: 4301: 4296: 4266: 4261: 4203: 4191: 4174: 4172:Hakka Taiwanese 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1019:" and was when 737:Chinese descent 452:native Filipino 432:Chinese mestizo 416:Sangley mestizo 281: 278: 256: 247: 236: 235: 234: 229: 218: 212: 209: 199:Please help to 198: 182: 178: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Chinese-Mestizo 15: 12: 11: 5: 5327: 5325: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5296: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5227:from Hong Kong 5218: 5216: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5182:Czech Republic 5179: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5127:from Hong Kong 5121:United Kingdom 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4927: 4926: 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Although 1574: 1560: 1554: 1550: 1539: 1524: 1520: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1496: 1492: 1484: 1478: 1454: 1448: 1427: 1395: 1352: 1346: 1317: 1307: 1285: 1265: 1243: 1228: 1224: 1222: 1208: 1176: 1173:(circa 1590) 1169: 1132: 1102: 1084:Early Modern 1077: 1053: 1031: 1030: 1016: 980: 967: 955: 934: 930: 906: 870: 869: 864: 863: 857: 827: 826: 821: 820: 814: 787: 786: 781: 780: 766: 757: 756: 751: 750: 660:of Spanish: 652: 651: 646: 645: 607: 582: 581: 568: 542: 533: 525: 516: 482: 468: 463: 431: 426: 425: 420: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398: 356:Maguindanaon 344:Pangasinense 271: 255:Ethnic group 252: 237: 219: 213:January 2011 210: 191: 157: 151:January 2011 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 105: 93:Please help 88:verification 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 5249:New Zealand 5116:Netherlands 4940:Phuket Baba 4901:Philippines 4872:Sino-Native 4654:from Taiwan 4613:from Taiwan 4572:Puerto Rico 4213:Waishengren 4204: [ 4192: [ 4175: [ 4128:Gaoshan Han 4093: [ 3992:Ngái people 3970:Hongkongers 3946:Han Chinese 3181:October 21, 2932:earthquakes 2895:kasanglayan 2893:, known as 2868:arroz caldo 2852:pancit molo 2820:panciterias 2623:Catholicism 2614:Vendor) by 2589:), c. 1847 2520:bourgeoisie 2325:Catholicism 2234:Boxer Codex 2172:plantations 2132:plantations 1984:moneylender 1974:Later, the 1828: 1841 1702:Han Chinese 1658:portmanteau 1512:(del chino 1485:Bocabulario 1408:Boxer Codex 1171:Boxer Codex 921:children's 741:Philippines 506:East Indies 458:and modern 438:during the 436:Philippines 340:Kapampangan 332:Waray-Waray 279: 1875 205:introducing 5298:Categories 4985:Bangladesh 4952:Minh Hương 4830:East Timor 4771:Kyrgyzstan 4766:Kazakhstan 4678:Costa Rica 4491:Seychelles 4474:Mozambique 4459:Madagascar 4351:Cape Verde 4246:Yunnanese 4138:Minh Hương 4053:Fuzhounese 4024:Sichuanese 3965:Taishanese 3660:9004184937 3563:January 8, 3351:January 8, 3274:Asia Major 3230:. Manila. 3061:January 8, 3037:References 2905:bahay kubo 2836:pian-e-sit 2830:(meaning " 2735:Intramuros 2632:Intramuros 2594:Watercolor 2568:Ilustrados 2560:José Rizal 2296:and their 2102:steamships 2061:California 2028:Gulf Coast 1943:Intramuros 1901:Lîm A-hŏng 1896:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1854:Intramuros 1780:José Rizal 1754:mixed race 1750:indigenous 1721:José Rizal 1712:Background 1692:and other 1676:, and the 1591:de sangley 1475:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1445:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1412:Dasmariñas 1392:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1343:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1314:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1267:Seng-lí , 1262:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1205:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1177:來常 Sangley 1129:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1050:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 1021:opium dens 952:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 630:and other 604:Pe̍h-ōe-jī 370:and other 368:Surigaonon 312:Taishanese 188:references 121:newspapers 50:improve it 5309:Ethnonyms 5222:Australia 5000:Sri Lanka 4913:Singapore 4835:Indonesia 4806:Southeast 4739:Venezuela 4704:Argentina 4683:Nicaragua 4623:Vancouver 4534:Caribbean 4469:Mauritius 4167:Taiwanese 4150:Peranakan 4123:Chuanqing 4080:Putianese 4058:Hainanese 4007:Jianghuai 4003:Mandarin 3960:Cantonese 3949:subgroups 3883:Tornatrás 3729:Ann Arbor 3694:Analitica 3478:162600587 3246:cite book 3213:0116-6689 3144:cite book 3025:Peranakan 2838:) became 2789:pineapple 2610:(Chinese 2545:Filipinos 2428:New Spain 2404:in their 2379:sangleys, 2261:resident 2183:Singapore 2179:Hong Kong 2065:Manilamen 2057:Louisiana 2012:porcelain 1969:inquilino 1525:xiang-lay 1514:xiang-lay 1480:siang lâi 1450:siâng lâi 1397:siâng lâi 1357:Dominican 1290:Spaniards 1210:siâng lâi 1160:Etymology 1025:labourers 929:, where " 925:from the 769:" is the 517:tornatrás 408:Sangleyes 364:Kinaray-a 360:Chavacano 308:Cantonese 286:Languages 110:"Sangley" 56:talk page 5280:See also 5177:Bulgaria 5156:Portugal 5144:Southern 5051:Northern 4995:Pakistan 4935:Chin Haw 4930:Thailand 4862:Malaysia 4818:Cambodia 4797:Mongolia 4729:Suriname 4577:Suriname 4526:Americas 4513:Zimbabwe 4449:Botswana 4437:Southern 4418:Cameroon 4397:Tanzania 4387:Ethiopia 4250:Chin Haw 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