41:
Consequently, the vast
Pleistocene forests were transformed into swamps, marshes, and lakes. Around 4,000 years ago, as sea levels receded, sediments began to accumulate at the heads of river mouths, leading to the formation of the Kerala Bay Head Delta. This delta extended seawards, gradually filling half of Ashtamudi. The combined effects of river meandering, migration, and rapid sedimentation, as evidenced by borehole sedimentary records, resulted in the transformation of several broad, scoured valleys into freshwater bodies, such as
1874:
1884:
31:
rely on the lake for their drinking water needs. Chittumala Lake spans approximately 55 hectares. Until 1988, the practice of
Punchakrishi (a traditional farming method) was widely carried out in the area known as Chira. The water bodies seen adjacent to this are Sasthamkotta Lake, Cherupola Lake,
40:
During the early
Holocene epoch, as the Earth experienced a warming trend, significant rainfall led to the flooding of existing river valleys. This flooding, which occurred approximately 8,500 to 5,500 years ago, submerged extensive riparian forests with sediments from nearby lateritic hills.
57:
A few years ago, the commencement of water extraction for industrial purposes in
Kundara led to the depletion of the aquifer. In response, the Kollam Sub-Divisional Magistrate's Court imposed a ban on water extraction for ceramics during April and May. This ban remains in effect to this day.
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987:
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521:
503:
258:
1682:
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1123:
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677:
1159:
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1940:
1901:
1231:
755:
589:
1063:
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627:
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19:(ചിറ്റുമല ചിറ), or Chittumala Lake, is a freshwater wetland located in the Chittumala block of Kollam district. The residents of
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28:
20:
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253:
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1534:
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1326:
807:
702:
657:
561:
483:
371:
356:
93:
https://swak.kerala.gov.in/images/downloads/MAP%20Sasthamkotta-revised%20report.pdf
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1285:
445:
435:
248:
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847:
386:
376:
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1407:
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128:"ചിറ്റുമല ചിറയിലെ വെള്ളത്തിനായി തർക്കം; സംരക്ഷണസമിതി പ്രക്ഷോഭത്തിലേക്ക്"
1478:
1387:
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1295:
238:
172:
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1269:
1086:
145:
141:
1833:
1807:
1785:
1764:
1733:
1702:
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1670:
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1598:
1572:
1565:
1517:
1471:
1375:
1319:
1278:
1240:
1227:
Mount Carmel
Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School
1204:
1178:
1142:
1119:
Indian
Institute of Infrastructure and Construction
1111:
1093:
1036:
973:
942:
886:
855:
794:
720:
711:
598:
547:
512:
459:
420:
302:
179:
965:Olympian Suresh Babu Multipurpose Indoor Stadium
522:Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI)
157:
8:
768:N. S. Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences
590:United Electrical Industries Limited(UNILEC)
1196:Sree Narayana Guru College of Legal Studies
613:Asramam Adventure Park & Picnic Village
1699:
1569:
1553:
1266:
1083:
772:ESIC Model & Super Speciality Hospital
717:
164:
150:
142:
988:Anandavalleeshwaram Sri Mahadevar Temple
552:List of cashew companies based in Kollam
259:4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502)
1683:Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation
1678:Kerala State Road Transport Corporation
67:
1124:Institute of Fashion Technology Kerala
1013:Sasthamcotta Sree Dharma Sastha Temple
778:Shankar's Institute of Medical Science
678:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum
109:
98:
1160:College of Engineering Karunagappally
542:Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd.(KMML)
7:
1772:Kollam–Thiruvananthapuram trunk line
1232:St. Aloysius Higher Secondary School
787:Holy Cross Super Speciality Hospital
784:Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
1883:
738:Travancore Medicity Medical College
628:Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park
586:List of Seafood Companies in Kollam
412:Ashramam Biodiversity Heritage Site
214:Quilon Syrian (Tharisapalli) plates
1059:List of schools in Kollam district
733:Government Medical College, Kollam
14:
1253:Sree Narayana Polytechnic College
1212:Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Chandanathope
1103:Sree Narayanaguru Open University
1054:Neendakara Indo-Norwegian Project
993:Asramam Sree Krishna Swamy Temple
527:Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL)
1882:
1873:
1872:
1222:Kendriya Vidyalaya, Mulangadakam
1179:Arts, science & law colleges
1134:Kerala State Institute of Design
1018:St Andrew's Church, Kovilthottam
728:Azeezia Medical College Hospital
504:Eravipuram Assembly constituency
289:Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon
32:and some other freshwater lake.
1155:College of Engineering, Perumon
1023:St Antony's Church, Kanjiracode
209:Kollam Era (Malayalam calendar)
1:
1751:Kollam-Chennai Egmore Express
1008:Paravur Puttingal Devi Temple
499:Chavara Assembly constituency
489:Kollam Lok Sabha constituency
1746:Kollam–Visakhapatnam Express
1186:Fatima Mata National College
1028:Valiya Koonambaikulam Temple
955:International Hockey Stadium
911:President's Trophy Boat Race
756:Government Victoria Hospital
751:Government District Hospital
577:Fisheries Industry in Kollam
494:Kollam Assembly constituency
474:Kollam Development Authority
469:Kollam Municipal Corporation
1941:Wetlands in Kollam district
1777:Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line
1170:TKM Institute of Technology
950:Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium
643:Dutch Church, Munroe Island
537:The Kerala Ceramics Limited
1957:
1165:TKM College of Engineering
960:KDRA Indoor Shooting Range
402:Thekkumbhagam-Kappil Beach
1868:
1580:Andamukkam City bus stand
1552:
1265:
1129:Kerala Maritime Institute
1082:
1049:Cashew business in Kollam
935:List of statues in Kollam
721:Medical college hospitals
532:Cashew business in Kollam
76:"ഇവിടം പച്ചയായിരുന്നു..."
1585:Kollam KSRTC bus station
1248:Govt. ITI, Chandanathope
1044:Kollam metropolitan area
983:Ammachiveedu Devi Temple
906:Kottankulangara Festival
1846:Kollam KSWTD Boat Jetty
1756:Kollam–Tirupati Express
1590:Tangasseri Bus Terminal
1150:Bishop Jerome Institute
1074:Kollam Orthodox Diocese
998:Kolloorvila Juma Mosque
823:Kovilthottam Lighthouse
633:Asramam Children's Park
49:, and Chittumala Lake.
1003:Infant Jesus Cathedral
638:Chinnakada Clock Tower
557:Parvathy Mills Limited
1621:National Highway 183A
1064:Jatayu Earth's Center
943:Sports & stadiums
921:Kollam Public Library
838:Tangasseri Lighthouse
818:Crowther Masonic Hall
698:Thirumullavaram Beach
693:Paravur Thekkumbhagam
688:Tangasseri Lighthouse
397:Thirumullavaram Beach
1616:National Highway 744
1611:National Highway 183
1217:Govt. Boys Model HSS
1143:Engineering colleges
1112:Premier institutions
896:Kalidasa Kalakendram
648:Estuaries of Paravur
332:Estuaries of Paravur
1913: /
1856:National Waterway 3
1741:Ananthapuri Express
1606:National Highway 66
863:Bishop Jerome Nagar
673:Portuguese Cemetery
663:Mahatma Gandhi Park
623:Sambranikodi Island
264:Portuguese Cemetery
229:Rama Varma of Venad
1069:Kollam CSI Diocese
781:Dr. Nairs Hospital
763:Meditrina Hospital
479:Kollam City Police
1896:
1895:
1864:
1863:
1825:
1803:
1802:
1788:maintenance yards
1691:
1690:
1642:Asramam Link Road
1599:National highways
1548:
1547:
1261:
1260:
975:Places of worship
803:British Residency
746:
745:
653:Islands of Kollam
618:British Residency
567:Kollam Technopark
462:& authorities
392:Sasthamcotta Lake
337:Islands of Kollam
279:Kollam Cantonment
244:Cantonment Maidan
108:Missing or empty
43:Sasthamkotta Lake
1948:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:9.009°N 76.670°E
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1821:
1795:Kollam MEMU Shed
1700:
1570:
1554:
1267:
1241:Other institutes
1084:
916:Kollam Kite Club
856:Shopping centres
797:& structures
775:Upasana Hospital
718:
608:8 Point Art Cafe
407:Chittumala Chira
312:Quilon formation
284:Battle of Quilon
269:Buckingham Canal
224:Rama Rajasekhara
166:
159:
152:
143:
136:
135:
124:
118:
117:
111:
106:
104:
96:
89:
83:
82:
72:
17:Chittumala Chira
1956:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
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1930:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1860:
1829:
1815:Kerala Seaplane
1799:
1787:
1781:
1760:
1729:
1710:Kollam Junction
1687:
1666:
1630:
1594:
1561:
1544:
1540:Thirumullavaram
1513:
1509:Punthalathazham
1467:
1371:
1357:Sakthikulangara
1315:
1274:
1257:
1236:
1200:
1191:NSS Law College
1174:
1138:
1107:
1089:
1078:
1032:
969:
938:
882:
868:Downtown Kollam
851:
843:Thevally Palace
813:Cheena Kottaram
796:
790:
742:
707:
668:Mundakkal Beach
600:
594:
582:Neendakara Port
508:
461:
455:
431:Sakthikulangara
416:
362:Mundakkal Beach
342:Ithikkara River
298:
175:
170:
140:
139:
126:
125:
121:
107:
97:
91:
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86:
74:
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55:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1954:
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1944:
1943:
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1859:
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1820:Kollam Airport
1817:
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1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1662:Residency Road
1659:
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1638:
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1521:
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1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Chathinamkulam
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
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1445:
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1430:
1425:
1423:Kochupilamoodu
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1376:Central Kollam
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1352:Ramankulangara
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
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1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
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1276:
1275:
1272:Neighbourhoods
1270:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
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1199:
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870:
865:
859:
857:
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845:
840:
835:
833:St Thomas Fort
830:
825:
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815:
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730:
724:
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715:
709:
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706:
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695:
690:
685:
683:St Thomas Fort
680:
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476:
471:
465:
463:
460:Administration
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438:
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428:
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418:
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409:
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394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
327:Asramam Maidan
324:
322:Kollam Parappu
319:
317:Ashtamudi Lake
314:
308:
306:
300:
299:
297:
296:
294:Kollam Airport
291:
286:
281:
276:
274:St Thomas Fort
271:
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256:
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236:
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185:
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154:
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138:
137:
119:
84:
79:ManoramaOnline
66:
65:
63:
60:
54:
53:Water scarcity
51:
47:Cherupola Lake
37:
34:
25:Pavithreswaram
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1953:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1922:9.009; 76.670
1889:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1867:
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1698:
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1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:Organisations
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1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
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1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1626:Kollam Bypass
1624:
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1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Kallumthazham
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Chandanathope
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:Thoppilkadavu
1456:
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1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:Thrikkadavoor
1360:
1358:
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1340:
1338:
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1312:
1309:
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1302:
1299:
1297:
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1289:
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1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
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1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
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1786:Sheds &
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1647:Coastal Road
1573:Bus stations
1535:Thamarakulam
1525:Pallithottam
1428:Mulamkadakam
1327:Anchalumoodu
1320:North Kollam
1279:South Kollam
1095:Universities
1037:Other topics
931:Anglo-Indian
878:H&J Mall
808:Cashew House
703:Thanni Beach
658:Kollam Beach
562:Techno-lodge
484:Kollam Taluk
427:Central Zone
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357:Kollam Beach
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1888:WikiProject
1841:Kollam Port
1518:West Kollam
1472:East Kollam
1443:Polayathode
1438:Pattathanam
1413:Kadappakada
1367:Vallikeezhu
1311:Valathungal
1306:Vadakkevila
1291:Koottikkada
601:attractions
572:Kollam Port
441:Vadakkevila
367:Vattakkayal
199:Kollam Port
1908:76°40′12″E
1720:Kilikollur
1715:Eravipuram
1635:City roads
1530:Tangasseri
1504:Kilikollur
1463:Uliyakovil
1403:Chinnakada
1393:Cantonment
1383:Andamukkam
1337:Kureepuzha
1301:Thattamala
1286:Eravipuram
828:SMP Palace
713:Healthcare
446:Eravipuram
436:Kilikollur
249:Tangasseri
62:References
1905:9°00′32″N
1823:(defunct)
1652:Port Road
1559:Transport
1448:Pullikada
1433:Mundakkal
1398:Chamakada
1342:Maruthadi
1088:Education
848:The Raviz
795:Buildings
387:Polachira
377:Pozhikara
304:Geography
132:Newspaper
1935:Category
1878:Category
1734:Services
1703:Stations
1657:QAC Road
1499:Karicode
1453:Thevally
1408:Cutchery
1347:Mathilil
204:Nelcynda
101:cite web
1696:Railway
1479:Ayathil
1418:Karbala
1388:Asramam
1332:Kavanad
1296:Mevaram
1205:Schools
888:Culture
873:RP Mall
599:Visitor
514:Economy
239:Kundara
234:Paravur
181:History
36:History
21:Perayam
173:Kollam
27:, and
1834:Water
1765:Lines
421:Zones
219:Venad
1566:Road
114:help
1808:Air
1937::
130:.
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99:{{
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