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79:
formation by releasing DNA from lysed cells which contributes to the biofilm matrix. CidA, a 131 aa protein with 4 putative TMSs, is believed to be the holin which exports the autolysin CidB, while LrgA may be an anti-holin, a protein that binds and inhibits holin activity. If this is a general
233:
Desvaux, Mickaël; Khan, Arshad; Beatson, Scott A.; Scott-Tucker, Anthony; Henderson, Ian R. (2005). "Protein secretion systems in
Fusobacterium nucleatum: genomic identification of Type 4 piliation and complete Type V pathways brings new insight into mechanisms of pathogenesis".
92:
operon is activated by CidR in the presence of acetic acid. Both CidAB and LrgAB affect biofilm formation, oxidative stress, stationary phase survival and antibiotic tolerance in a reciprocal fashion, and their genes are regulated by the LytSR two component regulatory system.
805:
263:
Fischer, A.; Kambara, K.; Meyer, H.; Stenz, L.; Bonetti, E.-J.; Girard, M.; Lalk, M.; Francois, P.; Schrenzel, J. (2014). "GdpS contributes to
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by regulation of eDNA release".
46:
LrgA are homologous holin and anti-holin proteins, each with 4 putative transmembrane segments (TMSs). Members of the CidA/LrgA holin family also include putative murine hydrolase exporters from a wide range of
809:
650:
Moormeier, Derek E.; Endres, Jennifer L.; Mann, Ethan E.; Sadykov, Marat R.; Horswill, Alexander R.; Rice, Kelly C.; Fey, Paul D.; Bayles, Kenneth W. (2013-06-01).
109:
are expressed mostly in the interior of tower structures in the biofilms, regulated by oxygen availability. Analogous proteins may be linked to competence in
652:"Use of microfluidic technology to analyze gene expression during Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation reveals distinct physiological niches"
850:
840:
134:
59:. Most CidA/LrgA holin family proteins vary in size between 100 and 160 amino acyl residues (aas) in length although a few are larger.
338:"Holins in Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea: Multifunctional Xenologues with Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications"
593:
Sharma-Kuinkel, Batu K.; Mann, Ethan E.; Ahn, Jong-Sam; Kuechenmeister, Lisa J.; Dunman, Paul M.; Bayles, Kenneth W. (2009-08-01).
295:"The Staphylococcus aureus cidC gene encodes a pyruvate oxidase that affects acetate metabolism and cell death in stationary phase"
536:
Yang, Soo-Jin; Rice, Kelly C.; Brown, Raquel J.; Patton, Toni G.; Liou, Linda E.; Park, Yong Ho; Bayles, Kenneth W. (2005-09-01).
835:
717:"Identification of the Streptococcus mutans LytST two-component regulon reveals its contribution to oxidative stress tolerance"
772:
845:
830:
825:
493:
Bayles, Kenneth W. (2003-07-01). "Are the molecular strategies that control apoptosis conserved in bacteria?".
67:
It has been proposed that CidA and CidB (23% and 32% identical to LrgA and LrgB, respectively) are involved in
52:
48:
68:
37:
80:
mechanism for programmed cell death, this would explain their near ubiquity in the prokaryotic world.
663:
111:
538:"A LysR-type regulator, CidR, is required for induction of the Staphylococcus aureus cidABC operon"
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Ahn, Sang-Joon; Qu, Ming-Da; Roberts, Elisha; Burne, Robert A.; Rice, Kelly C. (2012-01-01).
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595:"The Staphylococcus aureus LytSR two-component regulatory system affects biofilm formation"
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techniques have been used to follow gene expression temporally and spatially during
247:
381:"Periplasmic Domains Define Holin-Antiholin Interactions in T4 Lysis Inhibition"
192:"Acetic Acid Acts as a Volatile Signal To Stimulate Bacterial Biofilm Formation"
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Patton, Toni G.; Rice, Kelly C.; Foster, Mary K.; Bayles, Kenneth W. (2005).
438:"Staphylococcus aureus CidA and LrgA proteins exhibit holin-like properties"
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Ranjit, Dev K.; Endres, Jennifer L.; Bayles, Kenneth W. (2011-05-01).
149:"Identification of LytSR-regulated genes from Staphylococcus aureus"
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in eukaryotes. These proteins are known to regulate and influence
806:
Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
804:, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the
190:
Chen, Yun; Gozzi, Kevin; Yan, Fang; Chai, Yunrong (2015).
379:
Tran, Tram Anh T.; Struck, Douglas K.; Young, Ry (2005).
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801:"1.E.14 The CidA/LrgA Holin (CidA/LrgA Holin) Family"
770:
236:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
336:Saier, Milton H.; Reddy, Bhaskara L. (2015).
266:International Journal of Medical Microbiology
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27:) is a group of proteins named after CidA (
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16:Class of transmembrane transport proteins
147:Brunskill, E. W.; Bayles, K. W. (1996).
21:CidA/LrgA Holin (CidA/LrgA Holin) Family
777:
428:
812:. All relevant terms must be followed.
656:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
7:
135:Transporter Classification Database
71:in a process that is analogous to
14:
798:, this article uses content from
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554:10.1128/JB.187.17.5893-5900.2005
397:10.1128/JB.187.19.6631-6640.2005
312:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04653.x
165:10.1128/jb.178.19.5810-5812.1996
101:formation, revealing that both
1:
507:10.1016/s0966-842x(03)00144-6
248:10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.05.002
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851:Integral membrane proteins
841:Transmembrane transporters
278:10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.10.010
734:10.1186/1471-2180-12-187
599:Journal of Bacteriology
542:Journal of Bacteriology
442:Journal of Bacteriology
385:Journal of Bacteriology
342:Journal of Bacteriology
153:Journal of Bacteriology
836:Transmembrane proteins
495:Trends in Microbiology
299:Molecular Microbiology
53:Gram-negative bacteria
208:10.1128/mBio.00392-15
69:programmed cell death
38:Staphylococcus aureus
808:, but not under the
676:10.1128/AEM.00395-13
668:2013ApEnM..79.3413M
611:10.1128/JB.00348-09
454:10.1128/JB.01545-10
354:10.1128/JB.02046-14
846:Transport proteins
831:Membrane proteins
662:(11): 3413–3424.
605:(15): 4767–4775.
548:(17): 5893–5900.
448:(10): 2468–2476.
391:(19): 6631–6640.
159:(19): 5810–5812.
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826:Protein families
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33:TC# 1.E.14.1.1
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31:) and LrgA (
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18:
348:(1): 7–17.
55:as well as
820:Categories
423:References
112:S. mutants
84:Expression
25:TC# 1.E.14
796:this edit
743:1471-2180
684:1098-5336
619:1098-5530
562:0021-9193
515:0966-842X
462:1098-5530
73:apoptosis
761:22937869
702:23524683
637:19502411
580:16109930
523:12875813
480:21421752
415:16166524
372:25157079
329:34897582
321:15916614
286:24275081
256:15993836
226:26060272
119:See also
63:Function
787:Biology
752:3507848
727:: 187.
693:3648040
664:Bibcode
628:2715716
571:1196168
471:3133170
406:1251592
363:4288690
217:4462622
183:8824633
99:biofilm
77:biofilm
57:archaea
856:Holins
794:As of
773:Portal
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174:178427
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90:cidABC
325:S2CID
130:Lysin
125:Holin
42:CidA
35:) of
810:GFDL
757:PMID
739:ISSN
698:PMID
680:ISSN
633:PMID
615:ISSN
576:PMID
558:ISSN
519:PMID
511:ISSN
476:PMID
458:ISSN
411:PMID
368:PMID
317:PMID
282:PMID
252:PMID
240:1713
222:PMID
196:mBio
179:PMID
107:lrgA
105:and
103:cidA
88:The
51:and
19:The
747:PMC
729:doi
688:PMC
672:doi
623:PMC
607:doi
603:191
566:PMC
550:doi
546:187
503:doi
466:PMC
450:doi
446:193
401:PMC
393:doi
389:187
358:PMC
350:doi
346:197
307:doi
274:doi
270:304
244:doi
212:PMC
204:doi
169:PMC
161:doi
157:178
44:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.