188:
choral were incorporated into a college of 27 and in 1472 a new college, its handsome quadrangle still standing, was built on the site of two canons’ houses to the south east of the cathedral. This collegiate establishment at
Hereford was most unusual; the only other cathedral with a similar body was St. Paul's where there was a much smaller college of minor canons. Although these vicars choral gradually also became
727:
45:
747:
737:
1777:
187:
an endowment for six vicars choral to sing the liturgy was established in 1237, unusual for the non-monastic cathedrals where normally the canons were each responsible for providing and maintaining a vicar. The six were supposed to be two priests, two deacons, and two sub-deacons. In 1395 the vicars
207:" students who combine their studies or other commitments with singing – and lay clerks. Choral scholars sing alongside lay clerks for usually around half the latter's salary. Many universities now offer such scholarships to fill places within college and cathedral choirs.
157:, is a professional adult singer in an Anglican cathedral and often Roman Catholic cathedral in the UK, or (occasionally) college choir in Britain and Ireland. The vicars choral were substitutes for the
195:
With the post-war proliferation of
Cathedral choral scholarships, however, many cathedral or collegiate choirs comprise a balance between choral scholars (or, as at
705:
210:
Undergraduates admitted to a
College on the basis of their ability and potential in both singing and academic study are traditionally called "Choral Scholars". At
169:("substituted") and in this context simply means a deputy. The majority of lay clerks are male; however, female altos are nowadays becoming increasingly common.
492:
1433:
750:
1428:
226:
in the United
Kingdom and Ireland however these singers are more usually styled "lay clerks" or occasionally "lay vicars" or "lay vicars choral".
1626:
1213:
698:
977:
296:
128:
1713:
1499:
740:
222:, they are called "Academical Clerks". "Clerks Choral", or Choral Clerks are also found in a few of the ancient Cathedrals and
1798:
730:
691:
66:
263:
1506:
419:
1641:
1325:
109:
1756:
81:
1787:
1646:
1280:
932:
641:
62:
55:
1636:
1565:
1492:
1198:
1106:
1091:
1029:
176:. At the time, this was often music which was evolving into a format too complicated to be sung by many ordinary
88:
1478:
1208:
1168:
1069:
1039:
215:
200:
1300:
1275:
1250:
1223:
1218:
957:
814:
95:
1485:
1305:
1203:
1111:
787:
1750:
1163:
1079:
847:
714:
558:
289:
211:
172:
The title refers to the laymen who were employed to sing musical sections of church services during the
1545:
77:
1697:
1260:
1173:
646:
1718:
1593:
219:
196:
1464:
327:
792:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1457:
1183:
967:
440:
223:
1621:
1600:
1393:
1368:
1358:
1343:
1233:
1178:
994:
962:
636:
603:
508:
381:
337:
322:
282:
1827:
1744:
1723:
1524:
1471:
1418:
1353:
1310:
1290:
1285:
1270:
1158:
1153:
1101:
1059:
1019:
1014:
937:
760:
513:
267:
1558:
1398:
1333:
1315:
1295:
1121:
1116:
1064:
1054:
1009:
907:
626:
598:
588:
332:
177:
158:
102:
1821:
1687:
1531:
1408:
1403:
1348:
1265:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1049:
1044:
1024:
999:
927:
886:
548:
475:
445:
1631:
1373:
1338:
1255:
1245:
1193:
1188:
1083:
1034:
1004:
777:
608:
573:
568:
465:
359:
354:
260:
1739:
1550:
1540:
1423:
1413:
1363:
986:
922:
672:
662:
593:
533:
523:
344:
173:
162:
44:
1692:
879:
840:
631:
543:
518:
435:
386:
364:
317:
17:
1096:
854:
802:
769:
578:
553:
470:
455:
1776:
1682:
1667:
917:
865:
827:
538:
450:
374:
204:
184:
33:
746:
683:
1237:
947:
833:
797:
563:
528:
480:
369:
349:
189:
1677:
912:
873:
822:
583:
1662:
952:
782:
667:
460:
409:
404:
192:
priests, the establishment at
Hereford survived the Reformation.
942:
487:
414:
687:
278:
1770:
38:
32:"Song man" redirects here. For the 2009 Christian film, see
274:
261:
Christ Church
Cathedral Choir, Oxford – Academical Clerks
1794:
165:; the term "vicar" is derived from the Latin adjective
1801:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
1732:
1706:
1655:
1614:
1516:
1449:
1442:
1386:
1324:
1232:
1135:
1078:
985:
976:
900:
864:
813:
768:
759:
655:
617:
501:
428:
397:
310:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
251:Johnson and Shoesmith, The Story of Hereford, 2016
699:
290:
8:
1434:Masters of the Children of the Chapel Royal
1446:
982:
765:
706:
692:
684:
297:
283:
275:
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:, "academical clerks") – university or "
27:Professional adult singer in a cathedral
1429:List of musicians at English cathedrals
244:
1627:Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
235:Choral Bedesman – Boston, Lincolnshire
7:
736:
67:adding citations to reliable sources
1786:needs additional or more specific
25:
1775:
1714:History of the Church of England
1500:The Oxford Book of Tudor Anthems
745:
735:
726:
725:
43:
54:needs additional citations for
1:
1507:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1642:Royal School of Church Music
1757:Music of the United Kingdom
1844:
1647:Royal College of Organists
933:Contemporary worship music
642:Sound reinforcement system
502:Concepts · Techniques
31:
1637:Guild of Church Musicians
1566:Forrest-Heyther partbooks
1493:The Oxford Book of Carols
1199:Charles Villiers Stanford
721:
1479:Hymns Ancient and Modern
1209:Thomas Attwood Walmisley
798:Sanctus & Benedictus
201:Magdalen College, Oxford
1219:Samuel Sebastian Wesley
958:Nine Lessons and Carols
266:2 February 2010 at the
1486:The New English Hymnal
1204:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1112:George Frideric Handel
1751:Book of Common Prayer
715:Anglican church music
1698:Choir (architecture)
874:Preces and responses
823:Preces and responses
429:Voice classification
63:improve this article
1719:English Reformation
1615:Music organisations
1594:Old Hall Manuscript
493:Non-classical music
398:Forms · Genres
224:collegiate churches
220:New College, Oxford
197:New College, Oxford
1465:The English Hymnal
1387:Other noted people
328:Extended technique
183:In the diocese of
161:. They are not in
145:, also known as a
1816:
1815:
1799:adding categories
1765:
1764:
1622:Cathedral schools
1610:
1609:
1587:The Mulliner Book
1580:Lambeth Choirbook
1573:Gyffard partbooks
1458:Carols for Choirs
1382:
1381:
1261:William H. Harris
1184:Frederick Ouseley
987:Tudor/Renaissance
896:
895:
681:
680:
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
1835:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1779:
1771:
1601:Pepys Manuscript
1447:
1394:Stephen Cleobury
1369:Richard Shephard
1359:Kenneth Leighton
1344:Benjamin Britten
1179:T. Tertius Noble
995:Richard Ayleward
983:
766:
761:Service settings
749:
739:
738:
729:
728:
708:
701:
694:
685:
637:Pitch correction
604:Vocal resonation
382:Vocal percussion
338:Overtone singing
323:Bathroom singing
299:
292:
285:
276:
270:
258:
252:
249:
216:Magdalen College
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1745:Christian music
1728:
1724:Oxford Movement
1702:
1651:
1606:
1525:Caius Choirbook
1512:
1472:The Hymnal 1982
1438:
1419:David Willcocks
1378:
1354:Graham Kendrick
1320:
1311:Herbert Sumsion
1291:Herbert Murrill
1286:William Mathias
1281:Francis Jackson
1271:Herbert Howells
1228:
1159:Lennox Berkeley
1154:Edward Bairstow
1131:
1102:Jeremiah Clarke
1074:
1060:Christopher Tye
1020:Orlando Gibbons
1015:Richard Farrant
972:
968:Organ Voluntary
938:Gregorian chant
892:
860:
809:
755:
717:
712:
682:
677:
651:
647:Monitor speaker
620:(popular music)
619:
618:Sound equipment
613:
497:
424:
393:
306:
303:
273:
268:Wayback Machine
259:
255:
250:
246:
242:
232:
230:Historic titles
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1733:Related topics
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1559:Eton Choirbook
1555:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:William Cowper
1396:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Malcolm Archer
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1316:William Walton
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:George Oldroyd
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1122:Daniel Purcell
1119:
1117:Pelham Humfrey
1114:
1109:
1107:Maurice Greene
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:Thomas Attwood
1088:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1065:Thomas Weelkes
1062:
1057:
1055:Thomas Tomkins
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Robert Parsons
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1010:Richard Dering
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
963:Metrical psalm
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
908:Anglican chant
904:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
891:
890:
883:
876:
870:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
851:
844:
837:
830:
825:
819:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
806:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
778:Sung Eucharist
774:
772:
770:Holy Communion
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
743:
733:
722:
719:
718:
713:
711:
710:
703:
696:
688:
679:
678:
676:
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
653:
652:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
627:In-ear monitor
623:
621:
615:
614:
612:
611:
606:
601:
599:Vocal register
596:
591:
589:Vocal pedagogy
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
505:
503:
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
485:
484:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
432:
430:
426:
425:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
401:
399:
395:
394:
392:
391:
390:
389:
379:
378:
377:
372:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
341:
340:
335:
333:Throat singing
325:
320:
314:
312:
308:
307:
304:
302:
301:
294:
287:
279:
272:
271:
253:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
231:
228:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
18:Clerk (choral)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1840:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1810:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1784:This article
1782:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Organ scholar
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1532:Dow Partbooks
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Philip Ledger
1407:
1405:
1404:Percy Dearmer
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Jonathan Dove
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Basil Harwood
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Samuel Wesley
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:William Boyce
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Edgar Bainton
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1127:Henry Purcell
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1070:William Mundy
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:John Taverner
1048:
1046:
1045:Thomas Tallis
1043:
1041:
1040:John Sheppard
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:John Merbecke
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Adrian Batten
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
981:
979:
975:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:Musical forms
899:
889:
888:
887:Nunc dimittis
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
867:
863:
857:
856:
852:
850:
849:
845:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
816:
812:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
776:
775:
773:
771:
767:
764:
762:
758:
752:
748:
744:
742:
734:
732:
724:
723:
720:
716:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
689:
686:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
656:Miscellaneous
654:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
622:
616:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
509:Backup vocals
507:
506:
504:
500:
494:
491:
489:
486:
482:
479:
477:
476:Mezzo-soprano
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
446:Bass-baritone
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
433:
431:
427:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
400:
396:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
313:
311:Singing types
309:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
281:
280:
277:
269:
265:
262:
257:
254:
248:
245:
239:
234:
233:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Christ Church
208:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
186:
181:
180:and priests.
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
19:
1804:
1785:
1767:
1749:
1672:
1632:Chapel Royal
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1530:
1523:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1450:Contemporary
1443:Publications
1374:John Tavener
1339:Harry Bramma
1301:Bernard Rose
1276:John Ireland
1256:Gerald Finzi
1251:George Dyson
1246:Harold Darke
1224:Charles Wood
1194:John Stainer
1189:Hubert Parry
1035:John Redford
1005:William Byrd
923:Bell ringing
885:
878:
853:
846:
839:
832:
609:Vocal weight
574:Sprechgesang
569:Scat singing
466:Countertenor
360:Sign singing
355:Scat singing
256:
247:
209:
194:
182:
171:
166:
155:vicar choral
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
29:
1740:Anglicanism
1656:Performance
1424:Isaac Watts
1414:John Newton
1364:John Rutter
1306:Martin Shaw
1080:Restoration
673:Vocal coach
663:Vocal music
594:Vocal range
549:Lead vocals
534:Death growl
524:Chest voice
345:Oversinging
174:Middle Ages
163:holy orders
78:"Lay clerk"
1788:categories
1693:Pipe organ
1164:Hugh Blair
880:Magnificat
848:Benedictus
841:Benedicite
632:Microphone
544:Head voice
519:Coloratura
436:Voice type
387:Beatboxing
365:Sing-along
318:A cappella
240:References
89:newspapers
1673:Lay clerk
1546:4180–4185
1174:John Goss
1141:Edwardian
1137:Victorian
1097:John Blow
978:Composers
803:Agnus Dei
579:Tessitura
554:Passaggio
471:Contralto
456:Baritenor
147:lay vicar
143:lay clerk
119:June 2015
1822:Category
1807:May 2024
1795:help out
1683:Cantoris
1668:Choirboy
1517:Historic
1234:Interwar
1084:Georgian
918:Antiphon
866:Evensong
855:Jubilate
731:Category
539:Falsetto
529:Crooning
451:Baritone
420:Vocables
375:Lip sync
264:Archived
205:gap year
185:Hereford
167:vicarius
151:song man
34:Song Man
1793:Please
1707:History
1537:Drexel
1238:Postwar
948:Introit
943:Hymnody
834:Te Deum
815:Mattins
741:Commons
564:Rapping
559:Quintus
514:Belting
481:Soprano
370:Karaoke
350:Rapping
305:Singing
190:chantry
103:scholar
1828:Choirs
1678:Decani
1326:Modern
913:Anthem
828:Venite
788:Gloria
584:Timbre
405:Choral
218:, and
199:, and
178:clerks
159:canons
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
1663:Choir
953:Motet
928:Carol
793:Credo
783:Kyrie
751:Audio
668:Choir
461:Tenor
410:Opera
153:or a
110:JSTOR
96:books
1551:4302
1541:4041
488:Fach
441:Bass
415:Lied
82:news
1797:by
65:by
1824::
214:,
149:,
141:A
1809:)
1805:(
1791:.
1236:/
1139:/
1082:/
707:e
700:t
693:v
298:e
291:t
284:v
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
