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Climatological normals are used as an average or baseline to evaluate climate events and provide context for year-to-year variability. Normals can be calculated for a variety of weather variables including temperature and precipitation and rely on data from
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in 1872. The use of the 30-year period of normals began in 1935 with the 1901-30 period. The continued use of 30 year normals has increasingly been called into question due to substantial evidence that the
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Annual U.S. temperature compared to the 20th-century average for each U.S. Climate
Normals period from 1901–1930 to 1991–2020.
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303:"The Definition of the Standard WMO Climate Normal: The Key to Deriving Alternative Climate Normals"
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are overlapping periods updated every decade: 1971–2000, 1981–2010, 1991–2020, etc.
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58:. More recently, CN have been reported for narrower scales, such as
196:(11). American Meteorological Society: 1687–1697. 1 November 2012.
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of climate statistics can no longer be taken for granted due to
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10.1175/1520-0477(1989)070<0602:SDOC>2.0.CO;2
46:) is a 30-year average of a weather variable for a given
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70:. Variability from the 30-year averages is typical and
160:"WMO Guidelines on the Calculation of Climate Normals"
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The term "normal" first appeared in the literature by
186:"NOAA's 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: An Overview"
301:Arguez, Anthony; Vose, Russell S. (1 June 2011).
313:(6). American Meteorological Society: 699–704.
307:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
241:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
190:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
354:National Centers for Environmental Information
85:in 1840 and the concept was formalized by the
50:. Most commonly, a CN refers to a particular
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149:; WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? Michigan Sea Grant
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350:"Defining Climate Normals in New Ways"
140:Climate Variability and Climate Change
87:International Meteorological Committee
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237:"Statistical Descriptors of Climate"
74:looks at the magnitude of extremes.
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164:World Meteorological Organization
76:Climatological standard normals
386:Climate and weather statistics
235:Guttman, Nathaniel B. (1989).
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284:Trewin, Blair C. (2007).
211:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00197.1
62:and even hourly scale.
356:. NOAA. Archived from
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83:Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
56:meteorological season
36:Climatological normal
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319:2011BAMS...92..699A
253:1989BAMS...70..602G
202:2012BAMS...93.1687A
72:climate variability
145:2014-05-17 at the
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118:Seasonality
113:Climatology
60:day of year
247:(6): 602.
124:References
271:1520-0477
380:Category
143:Archived
102:See also
315:Bibcode
249:Bibcode
198:Bibcode
364:3 July
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166:. 2017
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