83:. Large volume high purity single crystals of Ge can be expensive. By mounting four smaller crystals in a common cryostat a detector of a given volume can be created at a reduced cost. In addition, the individual smaller Ge crystals present a smaller solid angle than a large volume Ge detector thus significantly reducing the effects of
63:, a gamma ray may interact with two (or possibly more) crystals resulting in the energy (and thus the liberated charge) being shared by the crystals. In this case, a process known as add-back, where the charge collected by each of the crystals is summed, can be used to determine the energy of the incident gamma ray.
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The clover is the first composite Ge detector. It remains widely used in the detectors of particle accelerators, where multiple clover modules form an array all around the target to capture the rays. More complex composite detectors, such as the 7-element hexagonal cluster detector used on the
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A clover detector can also be used to determine the electric or magnetic nature of the incident photons (e.g. if the gamma ray is an electric quadrupole or a magnetic dipole) as the
Compton scattering process for these two types of radiation is different. This is called
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using a fence of BGO detectors. A gamma ray can escape the Clover array via
Compton scattering, causing incorrectly low charge values. A BGO detector can detect the escaped ray and have the computer ignore the wrong reading from the Clover.
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A gamma ray may interact with a single Ge crystal and deposit its full energy. The resulting charge collected will then be proportional to this energy. However, through the process of
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on the resulting spectra. Doppler broadening is further reduced using techniques that exploit the individual readings from the smaller crystals.
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Eberth, J.; Simpson, J. (2008). "From Ge(Li) detectors to gamma-ray tracking arraysâ50 years of gamma spectroscopy with germanium detectors".
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DuchĂȘne, G.; Beck, F.A.; Twin, P.J.; de France, G.; Curien, D.; Han, L.; Beausang, C.W.; Bentley, M.A.; Nolan, P.J.; Simpson, J. (1999).
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Jones, P.M. (August 1985). "Calibration of the new composite "clover" detector as a
Compton polarimeter for the EUROGAM array".
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Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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170:Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
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