1051:
35:
843:
353:, or penny, amongst the Anglo-Saxons, and this would remain the principal English monetary denomination until the mid-14th century, during the Late Medieval period. Early silver pennies were typically decorated with geometric or pictorial designs, occasionally having the name of the moneyer inscribed on them. More rarely, coins produced in the kingdoms of
330: – geographically the rough equivalent of modern France – these early Anglo-Saxon gold shillings were often inscribed with words borrowed from either Merovingian or Roman coinage, although examples have been found which instead bear such names as those of
392:
263:
noted that they provide "a valuable source of evidence for economic, administrative and political history." In recent years, the growth of the metal detecting hobby has allowed many more individual coins not in hoards to be discovered, helping to guide current research.
403:
In the latter part of the 8th century a new style of silver penny appeared in Anglo-Saxon
England, thinner and commonly bearing the names of both the king and the moneyer who had struck it. This new type of penny was apparently first introduced in the reign of the
379:
The silver became increasingly debased in the early eighth century, probably because the
Byzantine supply was drying up. Fineness improved in the middle of the century with the introduction of a new supply from the silver mines in
334:, the moneyers Witmen and Pada, or the names of mints in London and Canterbury. However, as the 7th century progressed, the gold coins produced grew increasingly pale until they were replaced by small, thick, silver coins known as
297:
and culture. Although gold coins from continental Europe were traded into Anglo-Saxon
England at Kent, they were initially used for decorative purposes, only beginning to be used as money in the early part of the 7th century.
414:
From the 9th century, monarchs and their governments gained greater power over the control of coin production, and the designs used by different moneyers became standardised. In the 860s, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of
750:"Dix Noonan Webb to sell important gold penny of Ecgberht, King of the West Saxons discovered in Wiltshire - The only late Anglo-Saxon gold coin known to be in private hands"
978:
374:
228:
994:
990:
986:
982:
388:
instituted control over the production of his silver coinage around AD 740, control that was followed by the other early
English kings in the years after.
943:
164:
192:
912:
197:
113:
893:
823:
221:
154:
51:
816:
Medieval
European Coinage, with a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 8: Britain and Ireland, c. 400-1066
702:
Medieval
European Coinage: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1: Earlier Middle Ages (400-900)
629:
Medieval
European Coinage: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1: Earlier Middle Ages (400-900)
542:
Medieval
European Coinage: With a Catalogue of the Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1: Earlier Middle Ages (400-900)
426:
During the later Anglo-Saxon period a very small number of gold coins were produced. Nine are known, including a gold penny of
1030:
936:
709:
636:
599:
574:
549:
512:
61:
305:
around AD 625, although sustained production would not appear for several more years. These were small, gold coins, called
459:
214:
56:
503:
Blackburn, Mark (2003). "'Productive' Sites and the
Pattern of Coin Loss in England, 600-1180". In Pestell, Tim (ed.).
1187:
1181:
1025:
790:
The
Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England (Eds: Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes and Donald Scragg)
285:, the production of coinage effectively came to an end and a non-monetary economy developed. During the 5th century,
399:, 757-796, with the Latin legend OFFA REX MERCIOR; British coins still carry Latin inscriptions in the 21st century.
338:
around the year 675. These sceattas were also produced in England, as well as in Germanic continental areas of the
1246:
259:
or stray finds, making them one of the most plentiful kinds of artefact that survive from this period. Numismatist
1227:
1193:
1127:
1040:
1015:
929:
1115:
876:
749:
427:
103:
1216:
1020:
1010:
1000:
423:
formed a monetary alliance by which coinage of a common design could circulate through both of their lands.
385:
358:
82:
1163:
1091:
870:
381:
857:
Fairbairn, Henry (October 2019). "Was There a Money Economy in Late Anglo-Saxon and Norman England?".
255:
Archaeologists have uncovered large quantities of coins dating to the Anglo-Saxon period, either from
1157:
1085:
1035:
974:
455:
294:
202:
149:
133:
324:
249:
169:
439:
1121:
908:
889:
819:
802:
705:
632:
595:
570:
545:
508:
391:
128:
123:
87:
1050:
447:
362:
289:
tribal groups from continental Europe migrated to central and southern Britain, introducing
260:
34:
753:
331:
302:
159:
108:
1175:
1133:
1103:
467:
431:
408:
396:
1240:
1199:
278:
1109:
1005:
848:
797:
Kershaw, Jane (July–August 2024). "Anglo-Saxon Coinage: the Great Silver Revival".
313:) in surviving Anglo-Saxon law codes, although they have since been referred to as
286:
282:
281:, broadly comprising what is now England and Wales, ceased to be a province of the
42:
24:
1169:
1097:
451:
354:
343:
320:
290:
77:
1079:
886:
Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England: The Southern English Kingdoms, 757–865
838:
435:
806:
342:
coast, from about 680 to 750, bearing designs which featured a wide range of
1151:
1145:
339:
310:
361:
bore the names of monarchs. Early pennies were made with silver from the
1139:
1067:
567:
The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage, Sixth to Eighth Centuries
505:
Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and Productive Sites, 650-850
327:
315:
1073:
443:
420:
416:
405:
256:
921:
969:
964:
463:
390:
335:
245:
174:
925:
772:
Scripta Nummaria Romana, Essays Presented to Henry Sutherland
592:
The Making of England: Anglo-Saxon Art and Culture AD 600-900
1049:
349:
In about 675 the gold shilling was superseded by the silver
774:
Carson & Kraay - editors Spink London 1978 pp143-172
438:, probably as part of a yearly donation to the Papacy.
704:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 187.
631:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 157.
248:, either for monetary value or for other purposes, in
907:. London, UK: Hambledon and London. pp. 59–60.
544:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 4.
1209:
1060:
957:
430:, found by a metal detectorist in March 2020. King
507:. Macclesfield: Windgather Press. pp. 20–36.
323:. Modelled on coins produced at the same time in
569:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 10.
937:
905:Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King
301:The first Anglo-Saxon coins were produced by
222:
8:
594:. London: British Museum Press. p. 64.
375:History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066)
944:
930:
922:
229:
215:
15:
818:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
687:
434:minted a gold coin based on the Islamic
675:
663:
483:
184:
141:
95:
69:
41:
23:
868:
788:Blackburn, M.A.S. (1999). "Coinage".
7:
19:This article is part of the series:
446:, followed by later kings such as
14:
841:
33:
277:Early in the 5th century, when
888:. Cambridge University Press.
242:Coinage in Anglo-Saxon England
1:
792:. Oxford: Blackwell: 113–116.
462:of York also issued copper
1263:
736:
724:
651:
614:
527:
490:
372:
1228:Coins of England category
1225:
1047:
859:English Historical Review
700:Grierson, Philip (1986).
627:Grierson, Philip (1986).
540:Grierson, Philip (1986).
590:Webster, Leslie (1991).
428:Ecgberht, King of Wessex
884:Naismith, Rory (2011).
814:Naismith, Rory (2017).
386:Eadberht of Northumbria
1054:
903:Williams, Ann (2003).
768:Anglo-Saxon gold coins
400:
142:Power and organization
1053:
565:Gannon, Anna (2003).
394:
384:in southwest France.
369:8th to 11th centuries
295:polytheistic religion
244:refers to the use of
165:Monarchs and kingdoms
875:: CS1 maint: year (
456:Edward the Confessor
397:Offa, king of Mercia
332:King Eadbald of Kent
273:5th to 7th centuries
799:British Archaeology
250:Anglo-Saxon England
27:society and culture
1055:
440:Coenwulf of Mercia
401:
291:their own language
1247:Anglo-Saxon money
1234:
1233:
1122:Crown of the Rose
914:978-1-85285-382-2
865:(570): 1081–1135.
678:, pp. 49–51.
666:, pp. 50–51.
470:in his own name.
239:
238:
1254:
952:Coins of England
946:
939:
932:
923:
918:
899:
880:
874:
866:
851:
846:
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556:
555:
537:
531:
525:
519:
518:
500:
494:
488:
448:Edward the Elder
363:Byzantine Empire
261:M.A.S. Blackburn
231:
224:
217:
193:Christianisation
96:Material culture
37:
16:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1237:
1236:
1235:
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1221:
1205:
1188:Fifty shillings
1056:
1045:
1031:Three halfpence
1026:Three farthings
953:
950:
915:
902:
896:
883:
867:
856:
847:
842:
840:
837:
835:Further reading
832:
826:
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756:. 29 July 2021.
754:Dix Noonan Webb
748:
747:
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303:Eadbald of Kent
275:
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26:
12:
11:
5:
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1239:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1223:
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1220:
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1210:Copper and tin
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1134:Half sovereign
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1104:Quarter Florin
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
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801:(197): 48–51.
794:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:
759:
741:
737:Blackburn 1999
729:
725:Blackburn 1999
717:
710:
692:
680:
668:
656:
652:Blackburn 1999
644:
637:
619:
615:Blackburn 1999
607:
600:
582:
575:
557:
550:
532:
528:Blackburn 1999
520:
513:
495:
491:Blackburn 1999
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
458:. Archbishop
442:coined a gold
432:Offa of Mercia
411:in about 760.
373:Main article:
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901:
897:
895:9781107006621
891:
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882:
878:
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864:
860:
855:
854:
850:
839:
834:
827:
825:9780521260169
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785:
780:
773:
769:
763:
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745:
742:
738:
733:
730:
726:
721:
718:
713:
707:
703:
696:
693:
690:, p. 10.
689:
688:Naismith 2017
684:
681:
677:
672:
669:
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660:
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648:
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58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
28:
22:
18:
17:
1182:Triple unite
1076:(c.796-1016)
904:
885:
871:cite journal
862:
858:
849:Money portal
815:
798:
789:
781:Bibliography
771:
767:
766:Stewart, I.
762:
744:
732:
720:
701:
695:
683:
676:Kershaw 2024
671:
664:Kershaw 2024
659:
647:
628:
622:
610:
591:
585:
566:
560:
541:
535:
523:
504:
498:
486:
425:
413:
402:
378:
350:
348:
321:numismatists
314:
306:
300:
283:Roman Empire
276:
254:
241:
240:
198:Christianity
118:
104:Architecture
1178:(Charles I)
1170:Half laurel
1098:Half florin
1070:(c.630-675)
466:and a gold
452:Ethelred II
359:East Anglia
355:Northumbria
344:iconography
325:Merovingian
287:Anglo-Saxon
25:Anglo-Saxon
1128:Half crown
1080:Gold penny
1041:Half crown
1016:Threepence
711:0521260094
638:0521260094
601:0714105554
576:0199254656
551:0521260094
514:0953863077
474:References
436:gold dinar
307:scillingas
155:Government
83:Literature
52:Settlement
1152:Spur ryal
1146:Rose Ryal
1142:(James I)
1116:Sovereign
995:1603–1707
991:1485–1603
987:1154–1485
983:1066–1154
807:1357-4442
739:. p. 113.
727:. p. 113.
654:. p. 113.
617:. p. 113.
530:. p. 113.
493:. p. 113.
479:Footnotes
409:King Offa
340:North Sea
311:shillings
279:Britannia
1241:Category
1217:Farthing
1021:Sixpence
1011:Shilling
1001:Farthing
395:Coin of
336:sceattas
316:thrymsas
203:Paganism
185:Religion
175:Military
150:Charters
134:Weaponry
78:Language
70:Language
1176:Carolus
1140:Jacobus
1068:Thrymsa
979:to 1066
468:solidus
460:Wigmund
406:Mercian
351:penning
328:Francia
268:History
170:Warfare
62:History
1202:(1663)
1200:Guinea
1196:(1656)
1190:(1656)
1184:(1642)
1172:(1619)
1166:(1619)
1164:Laurel
1160:(1604)
1154:(1604)
1148:(1604)
1136:(1544)
1130:(1526)
1124:(1526)
1118:(1489)
1112:(1465)
1106:(1344)
1100:(1344)
1094:(1344)
1092:Florin
1088:(1344)
1082:(1257)
1074:Mancus
958:Silver
911:
892:
822:
805:
708:
635:
598:
573:
548:
511:
464:stycas
444:mancus
421:Wessex
417:Mercia
257:hoards
114:Burial
43:People
1194:Broad
1158:Unite
1110:Angel
1086:Noble
1036:Crown
1006:Groat
975:Penny
970:Styca
965:Sceat
382:Melle
246:coins
129:Glass
124:Dress
119:Coins
88:Runes
57:Women
1061:Gold
909:ISBN
890:ISBN
877:link
820:ISBN
803:ISSN
706:ISBN
633:ISBN
596:ISBN
571:ISBN
546:ISBN
509:ISBN
454:and
419:and
357:and
863:134
770:in
365:.
319:by
160:Law
109:Art
1243::
993:,
989:,
985:,
981:,
873:}}
869:{{
861:.
752:.
450:,
346:.
293:,
252:.
997:)
977:(
945:e
938:t
931:v
917:.
898:.
879:)
828:.
809:.
714:.
641:.
604:.
579:.
554:.
517:.
309:(
230:e
223:t
216:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
