245:
630:
371:
355:
535:
778:
671:
38:
766:
time, the descriptions became longer, more detailed and written in Old
English. By the end of the 9th century, all boundary clauses were written in Old English. Many charters, particularly those that have survived in later copies, do not have boundary clauses. In some instances, space has been left for a boundary clause that was never copied. A few boundary descriptions survive that do not appear to be related to any surviving charter.
705:
Linda
Tollerton published the most up-to-date corpus, with 68 examples in total. The surviving documents are very unevenly distributed both in time and space: from the 9th century, for example, only 9 wills are known, and 6 of them are in Canterbury. Not a single will from any period is known from
765:
A typical royal diploma had a clause describing the boundaries of the territory that is the subject of the charter. There are also boundary descriptions in a number of leases and two wills. In the earliest examples, these boundary descriptions are short, in Latin and with few boundary points. In
653:
The second most common form of Anglo-Saxon charter, although far fewer in number than the diploma, is the royal writ. These differed from the diploma in both form and function. A writ was an instruction from the king to a named official or group of recipients. It started with a greeting and was
506:
Relatively few charters survive in their form as single sheets, and copies may have been altered for various purposes. Historians attempt to extract useful information from all types of charters, even outright fabrications, which may be of interest because they are apparently based on genuine
290:. A diploma was a royal charter that granted rights over land or other privileges by the king, whereas a writ was an instruction (or prohibition) by the king which may have contained evidence of rights or privileges. Diplomas were usually written on
244:
578:, recorded the grant or transfer (dispositive clause), reserved common burdens (reservation clause) and invoked the wrath of God on anyone who failed to observe it (anathema or sanction). The corpus' final section, which was often in
444:, and the recording of the contents of a charter within a legal document has ensured the survival of text when the original charter has been lost. Overall, some two hundred charters exist in the original form, whilst others are post-
629:
402:), a will, an agreement, a writ or, most commonly, a grant of land. Our picture is skewed towards those that regard land, particularly in the earlier period. Land charters can further be subdivided into
582:, described the boundaries of the land (boundary clause). The eschatocol was composed of a dating clause and witness-list, which usually included powerful lay and ecclesiastical members of the
1923:
814:
Charters give lists of persons that attested the document and so it is possible to see who was present at the king's court. The very detailed diplomas drafted by the scribe known as "
1951:
905:
was set up in 1966 to oversee a definitive edition of the entire corpus of Anglo-Saxon charters. The edition is to be published in approximately thirty volumes. The late
Professor
803:. It was frequently kings who gave land in charters. By seeing what land was awarded, it is possible to see the extent of a king's control and how he exercised his power. In 846,
2544:
548:
The three most common forms of Anglo-Saxon charter are diplomas, writs and wills. They are certified by the attestations of witnesses, who are listed at the end of the charter.
556:
The largest number of surviving charters are diplomas, or royal charters, that granted privileges and rights, usually over land. The typical diploma had three sections:
511:, a specialist in German history, complained that "Anglo-Saxon diplomatists persist in the belief that it is possible to be slightly dead or slightly pregnant", but
370:
1922:
231:
2163:
2037:
354:
489:, sometimes by those same monastic houses in whose archives they were preserved. The primary motivation for forging charters was to provide evidence of
167:
769:
The content of these boundary descriptions varied, but in many instances these descriptions revealed the Anglo-Saxons' ideas about their landscape.
682:
Anglo-Saxon wills were intended to make gifts of property (including land) after the writer's death, but they were not wills in the modern sense.
195:
889:, resources and man-power, were sometimes relieved in charters. This gives historians the opportunity to examine aspects of Anglo-Saxon society.
1776:
1494:
1333:
1304:
1285:
1266:
1247:
1228:
1209:
1190:
1171:
1152:
1130:
1111:
1092:
1073:
1054:
1035:
1016:
997:
975:
956:
934:
248:
Likely 11th-century copy of AD 854 Royal
Charter issued by King Ethelwulf granting 20 hides of land to the monks of St. Peter at Winchester
621:
purpose – to document the legal possession of land and to free that land from certain duties that would otherwise be attached to it.
1847:
2080:
1980:
499:. It is important when studying charters to establish their authenticity. The study of charters to determine authenticity gave rise to
200:
116:
493:
to land. Often forging was focussed on providing written evidence for the holdings recorded as belonging to a religious house in the
1616:
1473:
526:(1968), revised and extended online. They are usually referred to in the specialist literature by their Sawyer number (e.g. S 407).
224:
157:
54:
2529:
2398:
2030:
1811:
1795:
714:. Furthermore, only 22 wills can be found in manuscripts written before 1066; originals are even rarer, as some, like those of
515:
argues that it is unhelpful to adopt the perspective of students of
Continental charters, more of which survive as originals.
831:
800:
256:
121:
64:
1972:
658:. Under the Normans, the use of writs was extended to cover many other aspects of royal business and was written in Latin.
2430:
1913:
1829:
1696:
1671:
1635:
918:
217:
59:
1444:
2539:
1399:
906:
589:
Much of the language of the diploma was explicitly religious – that a grant was made for the benefit of the grantor's
434:
754:
2023:
870:. It is also possible to trace a man's career at court through his position in the witness list, as in the case of
855:
574:
and enumerating the pious considerations for the King's act (proem). The corpus was usually in Latin and named the
445:
2419:
2223:
1985:
1872:
1509:
738:
417:. These preserved their charters so as to record their right to land. The oldest extant original charter, now in
2534:
2381:
2259:
2245:
944:
902:
267:. The earliest surviving charters were drawn up in the 670s: the oldest surviving charters granted land to the
264:
106:
793:
Charters have provided fundamental source material for understanding Anglo-Saxon
England that complements the
460:. The earliest cartularies containing copies of Anglo-Saxon charters come from Worcester, early-11th-century
2087:
2069:
926:
786:
722:, are known to be pre-Conquest copies, while still other may in fact be mere extracts or ancient forgeries.
316:
2046:
804:
542:
466:
413:
Over a thousand Anglo-Saxon charters are extant today, as a result of being maintained in the archives of
85:
2412:
2170:
2000:
795:
613:) and a verbal invocation to God. Many early charters were granted in anticipation of the founding of a
329:
268:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2461:
2438:
2359:
2122:
2007:
The revised catalogue of Anglo-Saxon
Charters, based on and extending Sawyer's 1968 printed catalogue
1581:
1485:
Keynes, Simon (2008). "A Conspectus of the
Charters of King Edgar 957-975". In Scragg, Donald (ed.).
875:
835:
698:
634:
579:
418:
205:
136:
2010:
1924:"On the Anglo-Saxon Charters of Friðwald, Ælfred, and Edward the Confessor, to Chertsey Abbey"
534:
310:
and gradually replaced the diploma as evidence of land tenure during the late Anglo-Saxon and early
2467:
2405:
2339:
2217:
2156:
1894:
1773:
1608:
172:
862:
court can be linked with possible participation at
Brunanburh and his later activity as a kind of
693:
was able to identify 39 documents. The number grew to 55 with publication of another 16 among the
2455:
2210:
2203:
2106:
1883:
1381:
782:
746:
662:
provided the text (and translation when written in Old
English) of 120 pre-Conquest royal writs.
519:
377:
334:
287:
834:
from 931 to 956, failed to attest any royal charters between 936 and 941, during which time the
777:
1761:
The diplomas of King Æthelred the Unready 978–1016: A study in their use as historical evidence
2194:
2176:
2116:
1612:
1563:
1490:
1350:
1329:
1300:
1281:
1262:
1243:
1224:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1148:
1126:
1107:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1031:
1012:
993:
971:
952:
930:
847:
811:
by charter, perhaps dividing the spoils from this recently conquered territory among his men.
707:
690:
646:
422:
361:
341:
and are usually referred to in the specialist literature by their Sawyer number (e.g. S 407).
306:, which often correspond closely to modern parish boundaries. The writ was authenticated by a
131:
126:
90:
2488:
2303:
2291:
2236:
2111:
1623:
726:
715:
675:
441:
670:
654:
authenticated by a royal seal. The writ did not require witnesses and was often written in
37:
2364:
2322:
2316:
2252:
2135:
2004:
1799:
1780:
1542:
898:
659:
610:
602:
594:
426:
327:
with fundamental source material for understanding Anglo-Saxon England, complementing the
271:, but from the eighth century, surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to
162:
111:
2392:
2387:
2297:
2147:
2129:
985:
871:
830:
in the late 920s and the 930s. A person's absence from court can be equally revealing:
815:
538:
508:
430:
2523:
2353:
1525:
839:
711:
701:
in 1939. Since 1939, contributions to the list were few and far between; in her 2011
642:
583:
495:
307:
303:
1911:
Brooks, Nicholas (1974). "Anglo-Saxon Charters: the Work of the Last Twenty Years."
1815:
1792:
1321:
910:
719:
598:
512:
475:
385:
45:
27:
827:
1590:
799:
and other literary sources. They are often used by historians as sources for the
2061:
1140:
655:
575:
500:
482:
260:
80:
1968:. Publications of the Manchester Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies 6. Woodbridge.
1833:
1720:
1700:
1675:
1659:
1639:
618:
566:
399:
299:
272:
2183:
1452:
909:
was chairman of the committee in charge; he has been succeeded by Professor
863:
823:
614:
457:
449:
414:
381:
324:
291:
1939:
Kelly, Susan E. (1990). "Anglo-Saxon Lay Society and the Written Word." In
1407:
2503:
2346:
2272:
1746:
886:
851:
750:
734:
490:
882:
606:
486:
311:
733:, both in later copies. Anglo-Saxon women whose wills survive include
597:. Charters typically opened by situating themselves firmly within the
481:
The importance of charters in legal disputes over land as evidence of
2098:
859:
858:. Wulfstan was rather independently-minded, and his absence from the
843:
742:
730:
638:
2015:
433:. Some surviving charters are later copies, which sometimes include
282:
covers a range of written legal documentation, including diplomas,
990:
Charters of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury and Minster-in-Thanet
819:
808:
776:
669:
628:
533:
395:
295:
243:
867:
590:
453:
283:
177:
2019:
1404:
The Electronic Sawyer: Online catalogue of Anglo-Saxon charters
478:, still includes a significant amount of Anglo-Saxon material.
2283:
1747:
The Language of Landscape: Reading the Anglo-Saxon Countryside
571:
1997:
1943:, ed. R. McKitterick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
789:. S 745. Unusually, the charter is in the form of a book.
394:
The Anglo-Saxon charter can take many forms: it can be a
360:
The oldest surviving Anglo-Saxon charter, issued by King
1888:
Anglo-Saxon Charters: an Annotated List and Bibliography
1732:
Reed, Michael (1984). "Anglo-Saxon Charter Boundaries".
1474:
Stephenson's 1898 lectures on "The Anglo-Saxon Chancery"
1386:
Anglo-Saxon Charters: an Annotated List and Bibliography
1950:. Anglo-Saxon Charters Supplementary Series 2. Oxford:
685:
Wills are rarer than writs. The first dedicated study,
314:
periods. Land held by virtue of a charter was known as
1489:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. p. 62.
725:
Only two wills of kings have been preserved, those of
838:
was fought between Æthelstan and an alliance of the
2481:
2447:
2429:
2373:
2331:
2282:
2235:
2193:
2146:
2097:
2060:
2053:
333:and other literary sources. They are catalogued in
1959:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
448:copies, that were often made by the compilers of
1948:Anglo-Saxon Charters. Archives and Single Sheets
1353:, which contain a series of Anglo-Saxon charters
1297:Charters of Barking Abbey and Waltham Holy Cross
16:Documents dealing with Anglo-Saxon legal affairs
1986:Joint Committee on Anglo-Saxon Charters website
1957:Keynes, Simon (1999). "Charters and Writs." In
1935:. London: Surrey Archaeological Society: 77–96.
1941:The Uses of Literacy in Early Mediaeval Europe
1879:. Cambridge University Press. Reprinted: 1996.
1487:Edgar King of the English: New Interpretations
913:. The following volumes have been published.:
678:'s will drawn up circa 885 (11th-century copy)
570:. The protocol opened the charter by invoking
2031:
1257:Brooks, N. P.; Kelly, Susan E., eds. (2013).
1238:Brooks, N. P.; Kelly, Susan E., eds. (2013).
593:or that anyone breaking the charter would be
225:
8:
2545:Medieval charters and cartularies of England
2164:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1605:Wills and Will-making in Anglo-Saxon England
1558:
1556:
1259:Charters of Christchurch, Canterbury, Part 2
1240:Charters of Christchurch, Canterbury, Part 1
703:Wills and Will-making in Anglo-Saxon England
440:Anglo-Saxon charters were sometimes used in
410:(donations by figures other than the king).
881:Burdens that were due by landowners to the
2057:
2038:
2024:
2016:
1966:Anglo-Saxon Royal Diplomas. A Palaeography
470:of a century later; a much later example,
232:
218:
18:
1431:Worcestershire Anglo-Saxon charter bounds
1449:Kemble: The Anglo-Saxon Charters Website
1376:
1374:
1372:
507:documentation or for some other reason.
1368:
1085:Charters of the New Minster, Winchester
518:Anglo-Saxon charters are catalogued in
187:
144:
98:
72:
44:
26:
1830:"British Academy Anglo-Saxon Charters"
485:tenure, gave rise to numerous charter
474:, compiled in the mid-13th century at
298:, but often contained sections in the
7:
2420:Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesim
2011:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
1429:Hooke, Della; Sawyer, P. H. (1990).
503:– the science of ancient documents.
2081:On the Resting-Places of the Saints
1890:. London: Royal Historical Society.
1388:. London: Royal Historical Society.
421:archive, was issued in 679 by King
22:This article is part of the series:
1901:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1326:Facsimiles of Anglo-Saxon Charters
1066:Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Part 2
1047:Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Part 1
14:
1929:Surrey Archaeological Collections
966:O'Donovan, Mary A., ed. (1988).
617:. The document served a largely
380:preserved in a mid-13th-century
369:
353:
259:which typically made a grant of
257:early medieval period in England
36:
1812:"Anglo Saxon Charters Homepage"
1547:Anglo-Saxon Writs (compilation)
1219:Woodman, David A., ed. (2012).
1183:Charters of Peterborough Abbey
832:Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York
801:history of Anglo-Saxon England
1:
1946:Keynes, Simon (forthcoming).
1588:. Cambridge University Press.
1570:. Cambridge University Press.
1295:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2021).
1276:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2015).
1202:Charters of Glastonbury Abbey
1200:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2012).
1181:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2009).
1162:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2007).
1121:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2005).
1104:Charters of St Paul's, London
1102:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2004).
1064:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2001).
1045:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (2000).
1026:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (1998).
1009:Charters of Shaftesbury Abbey
1007:Kelly, Susan E., ed. (1996).
2204:The Prose Solomon and Saturn
1981:British Academy Review, 1998
1774:Sources for Medieval History
1123:Charters of Malmesbury Abbey
1971:Keynes, Simon (secretary).
1734:Discovering Past Landscapes
1328:. Oxford University Press.
1299:. Oxford University Press.
1280:. Oxford University Press.
1261:. Oxford University Press.
1242:. Oxford University Press.
1223:. Oxford University Press.
1221:Charters of Northern Houses
1204:. Oxford University Press.
1185:. Oxford University Press.
1166:. Oxford University Press.
1147:. Oxford University Press.
1125:. Oxford University Press.
1106:. Oxford University Press.
1087:. Oxford University Press.
1068:. Oxford University Press.
1049:. Oxford University Press.
1030:. Oxford University Press.
1011:. Oxford University Press.
992:. Oxford University Press.
970:. Oxford University Press.
951:. Oxford University Press.
878:in the early 11th century.
781:A page from the charter of
302:, describing the bounds of
2561:
1736:. Croom Helm. p. 277.
1278:Charters of Chertsey Abbey
1164:Charters of Bath and Wells
1083:Miller, Sean, ed. (2001).
1779:February 6, 2011, at the
897:A joint committee of the
741:and grandmother of Kings
376:Copy of a 968 charter of
345:Survival and authenticity
2382:Handbook for a Confessor
1977:series (British Academy)
1964:Thompson, S. D. (2006).
1921:Corner, Geo. R. (1858).
1877:Domesday Book and Beyond
1603:Linda Tollerton (2011).
1514:Domesday Book and Beyond
949:Charters of Burton Abbey
903:Royal Historical Society
826:, attended the court of
757:and her sister Ælfflæd.
541:, a 736 charter of king
2070:Old English Martyrology
1952:Oxford University Press
927:Oxford University Press
787:New Minster, Winchester
773:Historical significance
323:Charters have provided
255:are documents from the
2530:Anglo-Saxon literature
1848:"Anglo-Saxon Charters"
1798:July 23, 2011, at the
1759:Keynes, S. D. (1980).
876:Æthelred 'the Unready'
790:
739:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
679:
650:
545:
398:(often presented as a
249:
145:Power and organization
2413:Old English Hexateuch
2365:Old English Herbarium
2171:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1145:Charters of St Albans
968:Charters of Sherborne
923:Charters of Rochester
796:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
780:
761:Boundary descriptions
673:
632:
537:
456:) or by early modern
429:granting land to the
330:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
247:
168:Monarchs and kingdoms
2462:Old English Lapidary
2439:Kentish Royal Legend
2374:Ecclesiastical texts
2157:History of the World
2123:Sermo Lupi ad Anglos
1974:Anglo-Saxon Charters
1961:. Oxford: Blackwell.
1624:google books preview
1609:Boydell & Brewer
1591:google books preview
1586:Anglo-Saxon Charters
1582:Agnes Jane Robertson
1532:(OUP, reissued 2001)
1315:Supplementary volume
885:, such as providing
836:Battle of Brunanburh
818:" show that several
699:Agnes Jane Robertson
695:Anglo-Saxon Charters
635:Edward the Confessor
601:, with a pictorial (
419:Canterbury Cathedral
253:Anglo-Saxon charters
2468:Wonders of the East
2406:Vindicta Salvatoris
2399:Gospel of Nicodemus
2360:Byrhtferth's Manual
2218:The Durham Proverbs
1914:Anglo-Saxon England
1899:Anglo-Saxon England
1593:of the 2009 reissue
1530:Anglo-Saxon England
805:Æthelwulf of Wessex
706:further North than
543:Æthelbald of Mercia
467:Hemming's Cartulary
406:, or diplomas, and
30:society and culture
2540:Political charters
2456:Apollonius of Tyre
2211:Adrian and Ritheus
2107:Blickling Homilies
2003:2011-02-23 at the
1836:on April 26, 2014.
1564:Whitelock, Dorothy
1028:Charters of Selsey
919:Campbell, Alistair
893:Published charters
791:
680:
651:
546:
462:Liber Wigorniensis
250:
2517:
2516:
2477:
2476:
2195:Wisdom literature
2177:Winchcombe Annals
2117:Vercelli Homilies
2047:Old English prose
1998:Electronic Sawyer
1867:Secondary sources
1850:. British Academy
1568:Anglo-Saxon Wills
1496:978-1-84383-399-4
1351:Stowe manuscripts
1335:978-0-19-726078-4
1306:978-0-19-726688-5
1287:978-0-19-726556-7
1268:978-0-19-726536-9
1249:978-0-19-726535-2
1230:978-0-19-726529-1
1211:978-0-19-726507-9
1192:978-0-19-726438-6
1173:978-0-19-726397-6
1154:978-0-19-726396-9
1132:978-0-19-726317-4
1113:978-0-19-726299-3
1094:978-0-19-726223-8
1075:978-0-19-726221-4
1056:978-0-19-726217-7
1037:978-0-19-726175-0
1018:978-0-19-726151-4
999:978-0-19-726143-9
977:978-0-19-726051-7
958:978-0-19-725940-5
936:978-0-19-725936-8
848:Olaf Guthfrithson
822:kings, including
708:Burton upon Trent
691:Dorothy Whitelock
687:Anglo-Saxon Wills
647:Westminster Abbey
637:granting land at
362:Hlothhere of Kent
242:
241:
2552:
2332:Scientific texts
2304:Textus Roffensis
2112:Lambeth Homilies
2058:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2017:
1936:
1926:
1891:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1832:. Archived from
1826:
1820:
1819:
1814:. Archived from
1808:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1699:. Archived from
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1668:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1638:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1622:
1600:
1594:
1589:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1543:Harmer, Florence
1539:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1451:. Archived from
1441:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1406:. Archived from
1396:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1339:
1310:
1291:
1272:
1253:
1234:
1215:
1196:
1177:
1158:
1136:
1117:
1098:
1079:
1060:
1041:
1022:
1003:
981:
962:
945:Sawyer, Peter H.
940:
874:at the court of
807:granted land in
716:Alfred the Great
676:Alfred the Great
674:Opening page of
472:Wilton Cartulary
452:(collections of
415:religious houses
408:private charters
373:
357:
234:
227:
220:
196:Christianisation
99:Material culture
40:
19:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2535:Anglo-Saxon law
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2473:
2443:
2425:
2369:
2327:
2323:Fonthill Letter
2317:Canons of Edgar
2278:
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2130:De falsis diis
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1897:(1943, 2001).
1895:Stenton, Frank
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1703:on 2016-08-12
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1678:on 2019-03-22
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1642:on 2016-03-04
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1445:"Cartularies"
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1382:Sawyer, P. H.
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2224:Old English
2216:
2209:
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2181:Old English
2169:
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2136:
2128:
2121:
2086:
2079:
2074:
1973:
1965:
1958:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1912:
1898:
1887:
1876:
1852:. Retrieved
1842:
1834:the original
1824:
1816:the original
1806:
1791:For example
1787:
1769:
1763:. Cambridge.
1760:
1757:For example
1753:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1666:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1630:
1604:
1598:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1546:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1486:
1480:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1448:
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1430:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1403:
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1325:
1314:
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1141:Crick, Julia
1122:
1103:
1084:
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989:
967:
948:
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911:Simon Keynes
896:
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764:
724:
720:Wulfric Spot
702:
694:
686:
684:
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652:
588:
584:king's court
565:
561:
557:
555:
547:
523:
520:Peter Sawyer
517:
513:Simon Keynes
505:
494:
480:
476:Wilton Abbey
471:
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412:
407:
403:
393:
386:Wilton Abbey
338:
335:Peter Sawyer
328:
322:
315:
279:
277:
252:
251:
201:Christianity
152:
107:Architecture
2431:Genealogies
2284:Legal texts
2062:Hagiography
856:Constantine
816:Æthelstan A
737:(mother of
656:Old English
649:, 1062–1066
611:alpha-omega
580:Old English
576:beneficiary
501:diplomatics
458:antiquaries
454:title-deeds
450:cartularies
28:Anglo-Saxon
2524:Categories
2499:Byrhtferth
1854:4 December
1707:2016-06-25
1682:2016-06-25
1646:2016-06-25
1433:. Boydell.
1358:References
860:West Saxon
567:eschatocol
400:chirograph
378:King Edgar
325:historians
300:vernacular
273:lay people
158:Government
86:Literature
55:Settlement
2340:Leechbook
2292:Law codes
2253:Hierdeboc
2246:Froforboc
2237:Ælfredian
2184:Hexameron
1363:Citations
864:kingmaker
828:Æthelstan
824:Hywel Dda
755:Æthelflæd
615:monastery
487:forgeries
423:Hlothhere
382:cartulary
292:parchment
278:The term
265:privilege
2509:Wulfstan
2504:Werferth
2347:Lacnunga
2311:Charters
2298:Geþyncðo
2260:Blostman
2099:Homilies
2001:Archived
1886:(1968).
1875:(1897).
1796:Archived
1777:Archived
1697:"S 1494"
1672:"S 1539"
1636:"S 1507"
1584:(1939).
1566:(1930).
1545:(1989).
1384:(1968).
1344:See also
901:and the
887:soldiers
852:Scottish
850:and the
842:king of
751:Edmund I
749:), King
607:chrismon
558:protocol
552:Diplomas
446:Conquest
317:bookland
206:Paganism
188:Religion
178:Military
153:Charters
137:Weaponry
81:Language
73:Language
2482:Authors
2273:Dialogi
1516:(1897).
1459:23 June
1414:25 June
785:to the
735:Wynflæd
619:secular
304:estates
280:charter
173:Warfare
65:History
2494:Ælfric
2489:Ælfred
2266:Psalms
2137:Judith
1721:S 1486
1660:S 1515
1615:
1493:
1332:
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1151:
1129:
1110:
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1072:
1053:
1034:
1015:
996:
974:
955:
933:
854:king,
844:Dublin
743:Eadwig
731:Eadred
727:Alfred
639:Perton
564:, and
562:corpus
491:rights
364:in 679
312:Norman
269:Church
117:Burial
46:People
2448:Other
2054:Texts
1400:"S 8"
820:Welsh
809:Devon
783:Edgar
747:Edgar
666:Wills
625:Writs
603:cross
396:lease
384:from
296:Latin
288:wills
284:writs
132:Glass
127:Dress
122:Coins
91:Runes
60:Women
2268:1–50
1856:2020
1613:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1461:2016
1416:2016
1349:The
1330:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1108:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1051:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1013:ISBN
994:ISBN
972:ISBN
953:ISBN
931:ISBN
883:king
868:York
745:and
729:and
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