2819:. As a result, ownership is a scarce resource (i.e. there are limits to how much they can invest) that should not be wasted. In particular, a central result of the property rights approach says that joint ownership is suboptimal. If we start in a situation with joint ownership (where each party has veto power over the use of the asset) and move to a situation in which there is a single owner, the investment incentives of the new owner are improved while the investment incentives of the other parties remain the same. However, in the basic incomplete contracting framework the suboptimal aspect of joint ownership holds only if the investments are in
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By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among
Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. ... At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. ... The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages
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To secure for the workers by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible upon the basis of the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, and the best obtainable system of popular administration and
2823:
while joint ownership can be optimal if the investments are in physical capital. Recently, several authors have shown that joint ownership can actually be optimal even if investments are in human capital. In particular, joint ownership can be optimal if the parties are asymmetrically informed, if
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and his co-authors, ownership matters because the owner of an asset has residual control rights. This means that the owner can decide what to do with the asset in every contingency not covered by a contract. In particular, an owner has stronger incentives to make relationship-specific investments
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in 1984. Several empirical contributions document the growing importance of common ownership and provide evidence to support the theory. Because of concern about these anticompetitive effects, common ownership has "stimulated a major rethinking of antitrust enforcement". The
2613:
Common ownership is practiced by large numbers of voluntary associations and non-profit organizations as well as implicitly by all public bodies. While cooperatives generally align with collectivist, socialist economics,
3819:
was introduced into
Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 ... , the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution.
2767:. As a result of this overlapping ownership, these firms may have reduced incentives to compete against each other because they internalize the profit-reducing effect that their competitive actions have on each other.
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is a form of common ownership that is practiced on small scales within capitalist economies, particularly among marginalized communities, and during emergencies such as the
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movements, advocate the common ownership of the means of production by all of society as an eventual goal to be achieved through the development of the
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The Co-operative
Advantage - Creating a successful family of Co-operative businesses. The Report of the Co-operative Commission January 2001
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2583:. In those cases, property is generally owned by a charity set up for the purpose of maintaining the members of the religious groups.
393:
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Walton, Steve (April 2008). "Primitive communism in Acts? Does Acts present the community of goods (2:44-45; 4:32-35) as mistaken?".
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53:
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Gattai, Valeria; Natale, Piergiovanna (2015). "A New
Cinderella Story: Joint Ventures and the Property Rights Theory of the Firm".
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6033:
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3477:"Reinventing the Master's Tools: Nineteenth-Century African-American Literary Societies of Philadelphia and Rhetorical Education"
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of goods and common ownership of the means of production would be devoid of classes based on ownership of productive property.
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Rosenkranz, Stephanie; Schmitz, Patrick W. (2003). "Optimal allocation of ownership rights in dynamic R&D alliances".
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or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property.
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2605:" has a biblical basis in Acts 4:35, which says "to the emissaries to distribute to each according to his need".
86:
46:
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A modernizing bill should be put before
Parliament to recognize in law the Co-operative form of common ownership.
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715:
136:
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there is a long-term relationship between the parties, or if the parties have know-how that they may disclose.
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have all acknowledged concerns about the effects of common ownership on lessening product market competition.
68:
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4703:
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4381:
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2811:
2722:, in that communist common ownership is the outcome of social and technological developments leading to the
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in particular exhibit elements of common ownership, while their retailer members may be individually owned.
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2412:
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1350:
1305:
889:
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448:
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Public
Ownership and Common Ownership, Anton Pannekoek, Western Socialist, 1947. Transcribed by Adam Buick.
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Vestager, Margrethe (2018), "Common
Ownership by Institutional Investors and its Impact on Competition",
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as the former refers to property owned jointly by agreement of a set of colleagues, such as producer
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Schmitz, Patrick W. (2008). "Joint ownership and the hold-up problem under asymmetric information".
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Solomon, Steven
Davidoff (2018), "Rise of Institutional Investors Raises Questions of Collusion",
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Azar, José; Schmalz, Martin; Tecu, Isabel (2018), "Anticompetitive
Effects of Common Ownership",
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2544:, whereas the latter refers to assets that are completely open for access, such as a public park
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93:
4199:"Investments in physical capital, relationship-specificity, and the property rights approach"
4003:
Hemphill, Scott; Kahan, Marcel (2020), "The
Strategies of Anticompetitive Common Ownership",
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Federal Trade Commission (2018), "Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century",
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Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice
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3695:"'The way we get through this is together': mutual aid under coronavirus | Rebecca Solnit"
3532:"Self-help and Mutual Aid in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods: Some Lessons from Southampton"
3337:
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each simply termed "communism". From Marxist and anarchist analyses, a society based on a
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and common ownership. Common ownership is practiced by some Christian groups such as the
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Communism in History and Theory: From Utopian socialism to the fall of the Soviet Union
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From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
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4545:
4089:"The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration"
3990:
3942:
Rotemberg, Julio (1984), "Financial Transaction Costs and Industrial Performance",
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2700:
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1933:
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4137:
Hart, Oliver; Moore, John (1990). "Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm".
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35:
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4385:
3720:"Gig workers have created a tool to offer mutual aid during COVID-19 pandemic"
3593:
Hernández-Plaza, Sonia; Alonso-Morillejo, Enrique; Pozo-Muñoz, Carmen (2006).
3492:
3260:
2755:
In antitrust economics, common ownership describes a situation in which large
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4516:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
4115:
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shared all their money and possessions (Acts of the Apostles 2 and 4).
2545:
2011:
1490:
1470:
612:
388:
4331:
3925:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 144–145.
2731:
common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange
6153:
6105:
5874:
4777:
3652:
2760:
2741:
and was quoted on the back of its membership cards. The clause read:
2594:
2590:
2016:
740:
3082:"Inside the Bruderhof review – is this a religious stirring I feel?"
2621:
Some individuals and organizations intentionally produce or support
4160:
4107:
6242:
5838:
1828:
3186:
2788:
2683:
of the means of production, reserving common ownership for what
1261:
5460:
4414:
3213:
Boundaries of Utopia - Imagining Communism from Plato to Stalin
6215:
3314:
The Greed Syndrome: An Ethical Sickness in American Capitalism
2567:, many Christians have since tried to follow their example of
29:
4410:
2815:
than a non-owner, so ownership can ameliorate the so-called
5456:
3645:
Pandemic Solidarity: Mutual Aid during the Covid-19 Crisis
3944:
MIT Sloan School of Management, Working Paper No. 1554-84
6292:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2526:
mechanism for the creation and continued function of a
3595:"Social Support Interventions in Migrant Populations"
3791:. Bd. 1 No. 18 – via Marxist internet Archive.
6251:
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5297:
5266:
5224:
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4448:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3138:"Bruderhof - Fellowship for Intentional Community"
3806:. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 44–45.
2675:, although many socialists classify socialism as
2597:as evidence that the first Christians lived in a
2522:political movements as it is seen as a necessary
2503:refers to holding the assets of an organization,
4397:The Economic Analysis of Producers' Cooperatives
4087:Grossman, Sanford J.; Hart, Oliver D. (1986).
4053:OECD (2017), "Competition in Changing Times",
2763:in several firms that compete within the same
5472:
4426:
2481:
959:
8:
4295:"Reputation and the Allocation of Ownership"
3530:Williams, Colin C.; Windebank, Jan (2000).
3187:"Eberhard Arnold: Founder of the Bruderhof"
3114:"BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre"
5823:
5479:
5465:
5457:
4433:
4419:
4411:
4384:was established by British prime minister
3749:"What Mutual Aid Can Do During a Pandemic"
3643:; et al. (Colectiva Sembrar) (2020).
2488:
2474:
977:
966:
952:
131:
4313:
4184:Firms, contracts, and financial structure
4150:
3980:
3475:Bacon, Jacqueline; McClish, Glen (2000).
2510:Forms of common ownership exist in every
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2992:"Common Property in Anarcho-Capitalism"
2970:
2530:. Advocates make a distinction between
989:
143:
3923:Ideology and Politics in Britain Today
3672:
5330:Mass killings under communist regimes
3911:– via Marxist Internet Archive.
3892:– via Marxist Internet Archive.
3829:
3827:
2737:of its constitution as a goal of the
2257:International socialist organizations
1205:To each according to his contribution
7:
3142:Fellowship for Intentional Community
2746:control of each industry or service.
2655:Many socialist movements, including
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3886:"Socialism: Utopian and Scientific"
3413:from the original on 15 August 2021
3380:from the original on 18 August 2016
3374:"Definition of Free Cultural Works"
2777:United States Department of Justice
2714:Common ownership in a hypothetical
2589:typically regard biblical texts in
3599:The British Journal of Social Work
2770:The theory was first developed by
25:
5284:Criticism of communist party rule
3884:Engels, Friedrich (Spring 1880).
3836:"There Is No Communism in Russia"
3432:NEMBHARD, JESSICA GORDON (2014).
940:Business and economics portal
6459:
6458:
5439:
5427:
5305:21st-century communist theorists
4038:FTC Hearings on Common Ownership
3403:"Free Software and Free Manuals"
2894:Mutual aid (organization theory)
2802:analyzes common ownership using
2724:elimination of material scarcity
2455:
2443:
2426:
997:
933:
34:
4566:Dictatorship of the proletariat
3785:"Critique of the Gotha Program"
3438:. Penn State University Press.
3316:. Hampshire Books. p. 32.
45:needs additional citations for
6024:Right of way (property access)
3000:Journal of Libertarian Studies
2603:To each according to his needs
1:
4506:Critique of political economy
4388:in 2000 and recommended that
4359:10.1016/S0899-8256(02)00553-5
4280:10.1016/j.econlet.2007.10.008
4218:10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.017
3905:"The Principles of Communism"
3312:Baird, Joseph Arthur (1989).
3210:van Ree, Erik (22 May 2015).
2855:Commons-based peer production
1090:Critique of political economy
835:Commons-based peer production
555:Socialism of the 21st century
5399:Socialist mode of production
5315:Anti-communist mass killings
5257:Workers of the world, unite!
4526:Proletarian internationalism
4197:Schmitz, Patrick W. (2013).
4139:Journal of Political Economy
4096:Journal of Political Economy
2800:Neoclassical economic theory
2718:is often distinguished from
2601:. Additionally, the phrase "
2546:freely available to everyone
2360:Socialist calculation debate
2330:List of socialist economists
2305:Economic calculation problem
1190:Socialist mode of production
1047:Socialist calculation debate
6330:Two Treatises of Government
5367:Marx's theory of alienation
4347:Games and Economic Behavior
4233:Journal of Economic Surveys
3376:. 1.1. freedomdefined.org.
3080:Mangan, Lucy (2019-07-25).
2909:Property rights (economics)
2575:(for about 500 years), the
6529:
4186:. Oxford University Press.
3481:Rhetoric Society Quarterly
3285:Greenwood Publishing Group
2948:Tragedy of the anticommons
2729:From 1918 until 1995, the
2514:. Common ownership of the
6454:
5826:
5422:
3493:10.1080/02773940009391187
3261:10.1163/27725472-08002001
2579:(for some 100 years) and
2558:first church in Jerusalem
2355:Socialism and LGBT rights
1299:Socialist-oriented market
1247:Socialist planned economy
1150:Material balance planning
329:Socialist-oriented market
6382:The Great Transformation
5740:Labor theory of property
4551:Workers' self-management
4395:Frank H. Stephen (1984)
3859:Kropotkin, PĂ«tr (1901).
3679:: CS1 maint: location (
3407:Free Software Foundation
2781:Federal Trade Commission
1294:Socialist market economy
1219:Workers' self-management
1185:Socialism in one country
1032:Age of the Enlightenment
5951:Forest-dwelling (India)
5913:restraint on alienation
5693:Common good (economics)
5389:Revolutionary socialism
4597:Socialization (Marxism)
4382:Co-operative Commission
4324:10.1111/1468-0297.00729
4293:Halonen, Maija (2002).
3861:"Communism and Anarchy"
3007:(2): 10. Archived from
2616:retailers' cooperatives
2609:In capitalist economies
2295:Criticism of capitalism
1306:Participatory economics
1140:Labour-time calculation
6390:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
6164:Primitive accumulation
6019:Right of way (transit)
5804:Tragedy of the commons
5686:fictitious commodities
3834:Goldman, Emma (1932).
3802:Steele, David (1992).
3191:www.eberhardarnold.com
2953:Tragedy of the commons
2810:approach pioneered by
2808:incomplete contracting
2748:
2651:In socialist economies
2300:Criticism of socialism
1252:Decentralized planning
1155:Peer‑to‑peer economics
6443:The Wealth of Nations
6423:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
6415:The Ethics of Liberty
5340:Intentional community
4476:Collective leadership
4182:Hart, Oliver (1995).
4072:Competition Committee
3865:The Anarchist Library
3840:The Anarchist Library
3556:10.1080/0042098002320
3401:(November 13, 2008).
3342:Adventures in Marxism
3248:Evangelical Quarterly
2904:Post-scarcity economy
2889:Libertarian socialism
2743:
2693:upper-stage communism
2681:cooperative ownership
2518:is a central goal of
6306:Progress and Poverty
5640:Common-pool resource
5446:Socialism portal
5434:Communism portal
5289:Criticism of Marxism
5279:Communist propaganda
4709:Fourth International
4699:Second International
4486:Communist revolution
4392:(recommendation 51).
4302:The Economic Journal
3462:10.5325/j.ctv14gpc5r
3444:10.5325/j.ctv14gpc5r
3162:"Community Of Goods"
2988:Holcombe, Randall G.
2845:Common-pool resource
2835:Collective ownership
2739:British Labour Party
2587:Christian communists
2533:collective ownership
2450:Communism portal
2433:Socialism portal
1125:Industrial democracy
1075:Collective ownership
865:Newly industrialized
608:Collective ownership
469:Vertical archipelago
54:improve this article
27:Economic arrangement
6429:The Social Contract
6117:population transfer
6034:prior-appropriation
5713:homestead principle
5394:Socialist economics
5310:Anti anti-communism
5239:Red flag (politics)
4704:Third International
4694:First International
4521:Market abolitionism
4466:Class consciousness
3921:Adams, Ian (1998).
3903:Engels, Friedrich.
3611:10.1093/bjsw/bch396
3548:2000UrbSt..37..127W
2924:Religious communism
2806:. According to the
2785:European Commission
2751:Antitrust economics
2720:primitive communism
2552:Christian societies
2516:means of production
2335:Market abolitionism
2320:Left-libertarianism
1257:Inclusive Democracy
1224:Workplace democracy
1070:Calculation in kind
1052:Socialist economics
1042:Revolutions of 1848
850:Inclusive Democracy
6409:Murray N. Rothbard
5720:Free-rider problem
5414:Worker cooperative
5372:National communism
5345:Left-wing politics
5250:The Internationale
4602:Economic democracy
4399:London:Macmillan,
4245:10.1111/joes.12135
3973:10.1111/jofi.12698
3961:Journal of Finance
2569:community of goods
2340:Marxist philosophy
1160:Production for use
1130:Input–output model
1095:Economic democracy
788:Material balancing
270:Buddhist economics
69:"Common ownership"
18:Community of goods
6485:
6484:
6396:What Is Property?
6189:human trafficking
6174:Regulatory taking
6049:
6048:
5794:Right to property
5454:
5453:
5234:Hammer and sickle
4725:Communist Parties
4541:Stateless society
4536:Social revolution
4501:Communist society
4471:Classless society
4405:978-1-349-06250-8
4268:Economics Letters
4206:Economics Letters
3813:978-0-87548-449-5
3666:978-0-7453-4316-7
3453:978-0-271-06216-7
3399:Stallman, Richard
3370:Erik Möller, e.a.
3294:978-0-275-97748-1
3227:978-1-134-48533-8
2884:Geolibertarianism
2716:communist society
2673:productive forces
2645:COVID-19 pandemic
2599:communist society
2528:communist society
2498:
2497:
2290:Communist society
2262:Socialist parties
1521:Saint-Simonianism
1110:Equal opportunity
1100:Economic planning
1037:French Revolution
976:
975:
486:By regional model
280:Sabbath economics
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6520:
6503:Anarchist theory
6498:Economic systems
6462:
6461:
6366:John Stuart Mill
6286:Friedrich Engels
6267:Frédéric Bastiat
6260:
6112:Forced migration
6080:Collectivization
5824:
5703:First possession
5676:Bundle of rights
5481:
5474:
5467:
5458:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5335:Internationalism
5325:Communitarianism
4689:Communist League
4592:Common ownership
4561:World revolution
4511:Free association
4435:
4428:
4421:
4412:
4363:
4362:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4317:
4308:(481): 539–558.
4299:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4203:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4154:
4145:(6): 1119–1158.
4134:
4128:
4127:
4093:
4084:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4007:, pp. 18–29
4005:Yale Law Journal
4000:
3994:
3993:
3984:
3967:(4): 1513–1565,
3956:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:Revue Socialiste
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3605:(7): 1151–1169.
3590:
3584:
3583:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3338:Berman, Marshall
3334:
3328:
3327:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3275:Busky, Donald F.
3271:
3265:
3264:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3013:
2996:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2938:Social ownership
2933:anti-rival goods
2914:Public ownership
2870:Creative Commons
2689:Friedrich Engels
2677:public ownership
2565:Early Christians
2563:Inspired by the
2501:Common ownership
2490:
2483:
2476:
2462:Organized Labour
2460:
2459:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2431:
2430:
2375:Workers' council
2012:Gracchi Brothers
1536:Social democracy
1279:Market socialism
1267:Project Cybersyn
1195:Soviet democracy
1180:Social ownership
1135:Internationalism
1115:Free association
1085:Common ownership
1001:
978:
968:
961:
954:
938:
937:
696:Municipalization
681:Financialization
651:Collectivization
633:Social ownership
623:Private property
617:Common ownership
575:Common ownership
389:Closed (autarky)
346:State capitalism
324:Socialist market
309:Market socialist
145:Economic systems
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6450:
6254:
6253:
6247:
6197:husband-selling
6134:Illegal logging
6129:Illegal fishing
6058:
6045:
5956:Freedom to roam
5929:
5842:(agrarian land)
5815:
5772:Property rights
5664:
5621:
5583:Estate (landed)
5566:
5490:
5485:
5455:
5450:
5438:
5428:
5426:
5418:
5293:
5262:
5220:
5142:
4764:
4713:
4675:
4611:
4582:Planned economy
4570:
4556:World communism
4531:Labour movement
4491:Communist state
4481:Communist party
4456:Anti-capitalism
4444:
4439:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4152:10.1.1.472.9089
4136:
4135:
4131:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3747:(11 May 2020).
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3671:
3667:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3454:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3356:
3348:. p. 151.
3336:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3295:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3011:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2943:State ownership
2919:Public property
2830:
2817:hold-up problem
2804:contract theory
2797:
2795:Contract theory
2772:Julio Rotemberg
2753:
2705:Peter Kropotkin
2653:
2611:
2554:
2538:common property
2512:economic system
2494:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2370:Socialist state
2365:Socialist Party
2310:Economic system
2275:
2267:
2266:
2252:
2242:
2241:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1579:
1571:
1570:
1386:Democratic road
1321:
1311:
1310:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1175:Social dividend
1165:Sharing economy
1065:
1057:
1056:
1027:
1019:
972:
932:
925:
924:
890:Post-industrial
885:Post-capitalist
845:Hunter-gatherer
830:
822:
821:
736:
728:
727:
706:Nationalization
666:Demutualization
661:Corporatization
646:
638:
637:
628:State ownership
603:
595:
594:
570:
562:
561:
487:
479:
478:
449:Robinson Crusoe
384:
383:By coordination
376:
375:
360:Traditionalist
220:Neomercantilist
180:
172:
153:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6490:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6467:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6406:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6321:
6316:
6314:Garrett Hardin
6311:
6310:
6309:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6263:
6261:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6191:
6186:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6109:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6085:Eminent domain
6082:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6068:Bioprospecting
6064:
6062:
6060:redistribution
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6002:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5975:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5878:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5836:
5827:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5769:
5764:
5762:Natural rights
5759:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5436:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5298:Related topics
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5274:Anti-communism
5270:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4461:Class conflict
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4393:
4371:
4370:External links
4368:
4365:
4364:
4353:(1): 153–173.
4337:
4315:10.1.1.11.8312
4285:
4274:(3): 577–580.
4258:
4223:
4212:(3): 336–339.
4189:
4174:
4161:10.1086/261729
4129:
4108:10.1086/261404
4102:(4): 691–719.
4079:
4062:
4045:
4028:
4021:New York Times
4011:
3995:
3951:
3934:
3914:
3895:
3876:
3851:
3823:
3812:
3794:
3775:
3754:The New Yorker
3745:Tolentino, Jia
3736:
3711:
3686:
3665:
3641:Sitrin, Marina
3632:
3585:
3542:(1): 127–147.
3522:
3467:
3452:
3424:
3390:
3361:
3355:978-1859843093
3354:
3329:
3323:978-1877674020
3322:
3304:
3293:
3287:. p. 14.
3266:
3237:
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3202:
3178:
3153:
3129:
3105:
3072:
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3024:
2979:
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2940:
2935:
2926:
2921:
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2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2877:
2875:Egalitarianism
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2796:
2793:
2752:
2749:
2709:superabundance
2697:Vladimir Lenin
2652:
2649:
2610:
2607:
2553:
2550:
2496:
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2493:
2492:
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2478:
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2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
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2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2325:Libertarianism
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:Related topics
2273:
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2259:
2253:
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2247:
2244:
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2240:
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2139:
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2059:
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
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2001:
2000:
1997:
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1991:
1986:
1981:
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1172:
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1147:
1145:Labour voucher
1142:
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1117:
1112:
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1102:
1097:
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948:
945:
944:
943:
942:
927:
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922:
917:
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902:
900:Resource-based
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
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857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
828:
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734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
686:Liberalization
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
604:
602:Property types
601:
600:
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596:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
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551:Latin America
549:
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537:
532:
527:
522:
514:
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396:
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385:
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316:
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291:
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264:
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187:
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165:
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154:
151:
148:
147:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6525:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:Categories:
6457:
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6453:
6445:
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6440:
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6435:
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6430:
6426:
6425:
6424:
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6412:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6404:David Ricardo
6402:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6371:Elinor Ostrom
6369:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6359:
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6264:
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6241:
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6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
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6207:
6203:
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6194:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6169:Privatization
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:Legal plunder
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6100:Expropriation
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6069:
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6056:
6052:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5834:(watercourse)
5833:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:primogeniture
5775:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:Legal plunder
5755:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5708:appropriation
5706:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5698:Excludability
5696:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5477:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5409:War communism
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Moufawad-Paul
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:Organisations
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
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4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
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4588:
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4583:
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4567:
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4559:
4557:
4554:
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4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4424:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4407:, p. 145
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4006:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3931:9780719050565
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3852:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3789:Die Neue Zeit
3786:
3779:
3776:
3764:
3760:
3759:United States
3756:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3658:
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3255:(2): 99–111.
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3057:"Acts 4:1–37"
3052:
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3033:"Acts 2:1–47"
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3014:on 2013-09-11
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2393:Related lists
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1511:Revolutionary
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1449:
1447:
1446:Laissez-faire
1444:
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840:Expeditionary
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716:Socialization
714:
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711:Privatization
709:
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701:Mutualization
699:
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691:Marketization
689:
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679:
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676:Expropriation
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656:Communization
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351:Social credit
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319:Participatory
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230:Social market
228:
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225:Protectionist
223:
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205:Laissez-faire
203:
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81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
6470:Property law
6441:
6427:
6413:
6394:
6380:
6376:Karl Polanyi
6356:
6352:Marcel Mauss
6342:
6328:
6319:David Harvey
6304:
6300:Henry George
6290:
6281:Ronald Coase
6271:
6256:
6202:wife selling
6184:bride buying
6122:repatriation
6104:
6055:Disposession
6009:
5898:Property law
5873:
5869:Forest types
5839:
5831:
5820:Applications
5750:rent-seeking
5735:Gift economy
5593:Intellectual
5506:
5320:Anti-fascism
5206:Soviet Union
4591:
4587:Gift economy
4546:Wage slavery
4396:
4389:
4375:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4305:
4301:
4288:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4209:
4205:
4192:
4183:
4177:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4116:1721.1/63378
4099:
4095:
4082:
4071:
4065:
4054:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4020:
4014:
4004:
3998:
3982:1721.1/49091
3964:
3960:
3954:
3943:
3937:
3922:
3917:
3908:
3898:
3889:
3879:
3868:. Retrieved
3864:
3854:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:
3817:
3803:
3797:
3788:
3783:Marx, Karl.
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3752:
3739:
3727:. Retrieved
3723:
3714:
3703:. Retrieved
3701:. 2020-05-14
3699:the Guardian
3698:
3689:
3649:Archway Road
3644:
3635:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3487:(4): 19–47.
3484:
3480:
3470:
3434:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3393:
3382:. Retrieved
3364:
3341:
3332:
3313:
3307:
3299:Google Books
3297:– via
3279:
3269:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3232:Google Books
3230:– via
3212:
3205:
3194:. Retrieved
3190:
3181:
3170:. Retrieved
3168:. 2012-02-24
3165:
3156:
3145:. Retrieved
3141:
3132:
3121:. Retrieved
3117:
3108:
3097:. Retrieved
3086:The Guardian
3085:
3075:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:
3051:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3016:. Retrieved
3009:the original
3004:
2998:
2982:
2973:
2798:
2769:
2754:
2744:
2730:
2728:
2726:in society.
2713:
2701:Emma Goldman
2654:
2639:
2625:, including
2623:free content
2620:
2612:
2585:
2562:
2555:
2542:cooperatives
2537:
2531:
2509:
2500:
2499:
1406:Evolutionary
1326:21st-century
1120:Freed market
1084:
805:Peer-to-peer
800:Self-managed
735:Coordination
671:Deregulation
616:
574:
356:Distributist
210:Mercantilist
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
6344:Das Kapital
6231:progressive
6221:inheritance
6144:Land reform
5918:real estate
5893:Land tenure
5881:Inheritance
5809:anticommons
5745:Law of rent
5725:Game theory
5655:Information
5635:Common land
5532:Cooperative
5404:Trade union
5362:LGBT rights
5196:Philippines
4647:Pre-Marxist
4640:Libertarian
4239:: 281–302.
3657:Pluto Press
3346:Verso Books
2899:Open source
2865:Cooperative
2860:Condominium
2840:Common land
2812:Oliver Hart
2669:communalist
2633:works, and
2627:open source
2437:WikiProject
2315:French Left
2107:Spiridonova
2006:Politicians
1919:Castoriadis
1599:Saint-Simon
1551:Third World
1546:Syndicalism
1481:Nationalist
1456:Libertarian
1421:Free-market
1284:Lange model
1272:Soviet-type
1242:Communalism
1214:Vanguardism
1170:Spontaneism
1080:Cooperative
1026:Development
910:Traditional
860:Manorialism
855:Information
829:Other types
815:Open access
778:Cybernetics
520:Anglo-Saxon
505:Singaporean
464:Underground
459:Subsistence
364:Corporatist
339:Syndicalist
299:Communalist
185:Associative
179:By ideology
152:Major types
6492:Categories
6475:by country
6437:Adam Smith
6324:John Locke
5988:indigenous
5983:aboriginal
5903:alienation
5598:indigenous
5588:Intangible
5502:Collective
5013:Berlinguer
4903:Khrushchev
4386:Tony Blair
3870:2024-01-29
3845:2024-01-29
3763:Condé Nast
3724:TechCrunch
3705:2020-06-14
3384:2015-04-20
3196:2017-12-01
3172:2017-12-01
3166:Hutterites
3147:2017-11-08
3123:2019-10-10
3099:2019-12-23
3066:2017-12-01
3042:2017-12-01
3018:2014-09-13
2965:References
2787:, and the
2695:" or what
2641:Mutual aid
2629:software,
2573:Hutterites
2524:democratic
2505:enterprise
2408:Socialists
2403:By country
2285:Capitalism
2167:Mitterrand
2132:Gerhardsen
2077:Liebknecht
2062:Markievicz
1989:Varoufakis
1939:Fotopoulos
1609:Saint-Just
1604:Buonarroti
1589:Campanella
1526:Scientific
1461:Marhaenism
1416:Fourierism
1401:Ecological
1381:Democratic
915:Transition
875:Plantation
783:Indicative
645:Transition
495:East Asian
266:Religious
242:Democratic
215:Neoliberal
200:Democratic
190:Capitalist
158:Capitalism
110:March 2018
80:newspapers
6508:Socialism
6338:Karl Marx
6139:Land Back
6090:Enclosure
6073:biopiracy
6011:Bergregal
5993:squatting
5767:Ownership
5681:Commodity
5660:Knowledge
5571:By nature
5527:Customary
5517:Community
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5267:Criticism
5147:By region
5128:Hatherley
4958:Althusser
4893:Togliatti
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4838:Luxemburg
4823:Pannekoek
4818:Malatesta
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4147:CiteSeerX
3675:cite book
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3580:155040089
3564:0042-0980
3517:144385631
3501:0277-3945
3417:March 22,
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3909:Vorwärts
3729:21 March
3655:N6 5AA:
3627:23721354
3572:43084635
3411:Archived
3378:Archived
3372:(2008).
3340:(2000).
3277:(2002).
2990:(2005).
2958:Usufruct
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3991:7965196
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4808:Morris
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4202:(PDF)
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