242:(the “monk’s table”) The commendatory abbot would take his portion, thereby reducing the resources of the monks. It was a common arrangement that the commendatory abbot would retain two thirds of the revenue for his own use and leave the remaining third for the support of the abbey. The commendatory bishop was bound to defray the expenses of the community, to keep the buildings in repair, to furnish the ornaments for divine service, and to give suitable alms. Nonetheless, many did not and buildings fell into disrepair and new members could even be turned away on account of a simple lack of funds.
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The practice began to be seriously abused in the eighth century when the Anglo-Saxon and
Frankish kings assumed the right to set commendatory abbots over monasteries that were occupied by religious communities. Often these commendatory abbots were laymen, vassals of the kings, or others who were
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and the general secularization of monasteries in the beginning of the eighteenth century reduced the significance of commendatory abbots along with the significance of monasteries in general. Since that time commendatory abbots have become very rare, and the former abuses have been abolished by
365:, the power of the commendatory abbot extends only over the temporal affairs of the monastery. In case of vacant monasteries the commendatory abbot generally has all the rights and privileges of an actual abbot.
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Originally only vacant abbeys, or such as were temporarily without an actual superior, were given in commendam, in the latter case only until an actual superior was elected or appointed.
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authorized to draw the revenues and manage the temporal affairs of the monasteries in reward for military services. The practice was especially widespread during the reigns of
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appointments but did not abolish them entirely. In spite of various efforts to reform such a system, it continued to plague the monastic orders throughout the centuries.
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to bishops who had been driven from their episcopal sees by invading barbarians or whose own churches were too poor to furnish them a decent livelihood.
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Under the title of
Claustral Prior a regular superior was appointed to supervise the internal discipline of the house. If there is no separate
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was settled in favour of the church, the appointment of laymen as commendatory abbots was abolished. The practice again increased during the
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The Lives of Dom Armand-Jean Le
Bouthillier de Rancé, Abbot Regular and Reformer of the Monastery of La Trappe; and of Thomas À Kempis
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After the eighth century various attempts were made by popes and councils to regulate the appointment of commendatory abbots. At the
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only in great necessity or when evident advantage would accrue to the Church, but never for more than six months.
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determined that vacant monasteries should be bestowed only on pious and virtuous regulars, and that the
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Originally only vacant abbeys, or those that were temporarily without an actual superior, were given
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Especially in France, they continued to flourish to the detriment of the monasteries; for example
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of an order, and the abbeys and priories founded immediately from it, should no longer be granted
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over the members of the community and enjoys all the rights and privileges of an actual abbot.
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careful regulations. There are still a few commendatory abbots among the cardinals;
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If the monastery is occupied by a religious community where there is a separate
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Such a system divided the revenues of the monastery between the
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himself was
Commendatory Abbot of the Benedictine monastery at
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is an ecclesiastic, however, he may have limited jurisdiction.
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Vol. 4. New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1908. 26 Jul. 2015
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Ott, Michael. "Commendatory Abbot." The
Catholic Encyclopedia
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Vol. 7. New York: Robert
Appleton Company, 1910. 26 Jul. 2015
291:(1305–1314) revoked benefices which had been granted by him
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Ott, Michael. "In
Commendam." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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Partial list of the French commendatory abbeys in 1742
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in order to increase the number of their adherents.
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279:(1294–1303) decreed that a benefice with the
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