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of agriculture. These include an annual lifecycle that fits into that of most cereals, a tolerance of simple weed control methods, the ability to flower and seed itself before the crop is harvested, and the ability to form a long-lived seed bank. The leaves and latex have an acrid taste and are
409:
it generally flowers in late spring (between May and
October in the UK) but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. It grows up to about 70 centimetres (28 inches) in height. The stems hold single flowers, which are large and showy, 5–10 cm
1060:
443:
Not all corn poppies that are available commercially have red flowers. Selective breeding has resulted in cultivars in yellow, orange, pink, and white. The
Shirley poppy is a well known cultivar. A very pale speckled variety, derived from the Shirley, is also available.
1232:, red poppies, especially red corn poppy flowers, are considered the flower of love. They are often called the eternal lover flower. In classic and modern Persian poems, the poppy is a symbol of people who died for love (Persian: راه عشق).
1603:
894:. In many Eastern European countries, poppy seeds are boiled in water or milk, and then ground together with honey or sugar to achieve a sweet, soft paste, often used generously in pastries. Oil made from the seed is highly regarded in
410:(2–4 in) across, with four petals that are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. The petals slightly overlap each other. The plant can produce up to 400 flowers in a warm season, that last only one day. The
532:
Its origin is not known for certain. As with many such plants, the area of origin is often ascribed by
Americans to Europe, and by northern Europeans to southern Europe. It is known to have been associated with
353:
It is regarded as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field"). As the plant thrives in areas of disturbed soil, it was often abundant in agricultural fields before the advent of
1045:
966:(sometimes known informally as Poppy Day) each year became an established custom in English-speaking western countries. It is also used at some other dates in some countries, such as at appeals for
1080:
590:, on a per flower basis, was very high in comparison with the other plants tested, at almost triple the amount of the top-ranked perennial (a mallow). When sampled at the level of the entire
888:
The black seeds are edible, and can be eaten either on their own or as an ingredient in bread, though the majority of poppy seeds harvested for culinary use are from the related species
1676:
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962:, one of the most frequently quoted English-language poems composed during the First World War. During the 20th century, the wearing of a poppy at and before
997:
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610:, making their role in meadow ecology specific to pollen-gathering/consuming insects. As poppies are not wind-pollinated, their pollen poses no
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since early times and has had an old symbolism and association with agricultural fertility. It has most of the characteristics of a successful
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This article is about the widely distributed species of flowering plant. For the similar flower native to the
Mediterranean coast, see
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was at the centre of a diplomatic controversy between China and the United
Kingdom; during an official visit to China,
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2016:
1980:
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An example of the artificial
Flanders poppy which has been distributed by the millions throughout New Zealand by the
2620:
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2311:
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1186:
1132:), Consort Yu committed suicide; according to folklore, poppies grew out of the ground where Consort Yu fell, and
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is usually covered with coarse hairs that are held at right angles to the surface, helping to distinguish it from
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are widely grown in gardens, and are frequently found in packets of seed labelled "wildflower mixes". Since
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34:. For the artificial flower worn in some countries to commemorate military personnel who died in war, see
2021:
1998:
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924:, aches, and pains. The petals were used to create a syrup that was fed to children to help them sleep.
350:
and temperate
Eurasia and is introduced into temperate areas on all other continents except Antarctica.
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was asking the wind in the field of tulips during the sunrise: whose martyrs are these bloody shrouded?
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This poppy appears on a number of postage stamps, coins, banknotes, and national flags, including:
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358:. Flushes of poppies may still appear in fields where herbicides are not used, as well as those in
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A nearly black-flowering hybrid, known as 'Evelina', was bred in Italy in the late 1990s, with
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1700:"Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows"
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1889:
1319:, red poppies, or "Gul-e-Lalah", are often a symbol of martyrdom, and sometimes of love.
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Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
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are hairless, obovoid (egg-shaped), less than twice as tall as they are wide, with a
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production, on a per flower basis, with its rate of 13.3 ± 2.8 μl. The
538:
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17:
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1743:
1581:(Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics.
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2008:
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1287: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1200: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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placed second with a rate of 8.3 ± 1.1 μl. The pollen production of
993:
Some commemorative
Canadian twenty-five cent coins in 2004 and 2008
390:
The three stages in a common poppy flower: bud, flower, and capsule
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in 2002 following a poll by the wild plant conservation charity
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909:; also the dried petals are occasionally used to give colour to
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and his entourage rejected a demand from China to not wear the
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902:
1235:
Many poems interchange "poppy" and "tulip" (Persian: لاله).
432:
at least as wide as the capsule. Like many other species of
865:
It grows in fields, beside roads, and on grasslands. It is
27:
1489:
Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain
1388:. Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius. p. 507.
938:
Due to the extent of ground disturbance in warfare during
881:
The commonly grown garden decorative Shirley poppy is a
405:
that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the
1860:"Flanders poppy 'a symbol of heroism, not of opium'"
1154:, which the Chinese government had mistaken for the
1086:
Corn poppies depicted on the obverse of the current
451:, but does not appear to be available commercially.
1910:
606:. Neither poppy produced a significant quantity of
565:, that is intermediate in all characteristics with
873:and Zone 10, or down to 10 °F (−12 °C).
490:It was formally described by the Swedish botanist
600:, with its 15.9 ± 2 μl measurement. It tied with
594:, however, it was outranked by the ox-eye daisy,
1000:: 2007 Lest we forget - 90th anniversary of the
378:as a symbol of remembrance for fallen soldiers.
420:in which the hairs are more usually appressed (
342:species of flowering plant in the poppy family
1630:"The chemistry of poppies: colours and opium"
8:
1698:Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016).
1136:thus became a symbol of loyalty unto death.
1120:. In 202 BC, when they were besieged in the
1035:United States commemorative stamp depicting
998:Great Britain commemorative stamps 2000-2009
654:. Within temperate Asia, it is found in the
1158:, a plant that carries connotations of the
1898:
1546:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
53:
42:
1733:
1723:
1516:
1514:
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1303:Learn how and when to remove this message
1216:Learn how and when to remove this message
1074:activities and other days of remembrance.
1444:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1755:
1753:
1569:
1567:
1374:
1025:
1007:The common or corn poppy was voted the
718:. Within tropical Asia, it is found in
626:The species is found within Africa, in
1858:Evans, Annnemarie (15 November 2010).
1763:npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. 14 November 2001
1112:(虞美人, meaning "Yu the Beauty"), after
954:. Poppies are a prominent feature of "
436:, the plant exudes white to yellowish
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1054:, "Summer Field of Coquelicots", 1875
7:
2495:1d9d59f0-bdbd-4118-9bc0-51785bd44ea4
2335:7eee9dbb-475a-4b91-addd-de9af1501c04
1285:adding citations to reliable sources
1198:adding citations to reliable sources
905:which is used in some medicines and
1808:"County Flowers | Wild plants"
1521:Philips, Roger; Rix, Brian (1996).
978:Two hundred lei (Romanian banknote)
942:, corn poppies bloomed between the
1525:. London: Macmillan. p. 298.
674:. In Western Asia, it is found in
25:
958:" by Canadian Lieutenant Colonel
575:topped the list in a UK study of
2423:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306058-2
1655:"Papaveraceae Papaver rhoeas L."
1345:The Red Poppies on Monte Cassino
1261:
1174:
1079:
1059:
1044:
1028:
726:. Within Europe, it is found in
66:
1413:"Papaver rhoeas (common poppy)"
1272:needs additional citations for
1185:needs additional citations for
1116:, the concubine of the warlord
1579:New Flora of the British Isles
970:in Australia and New Zealand.
482:are also found in this plant.
210:Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Trautv.
1:
440:when the tissues are broken.
424:held close to the stem). The
1788:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1725:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117
470:, which is a mild sedative.
2636:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2616:Flora of Palestine (region)
1810:. Plantlife. Archived from
1550:. London: A & C Black.
983:Canadian twenty-dollar note
494:in his seminal publication
2657:
2611:Flora of Lebanon and Syria
2596:Flora of Georgia (country)
1833:"The Falangcai Poppy Bowl"
1786:Plants of the World Online
1761:"Taxon: Papaver rhoeas L."
1677:"corn poppy (Common name)"
1604:"Evelina, the black poppy"
931:
374:, it has been used in the
29:
1679:. cbif.gc.ca. 5 June 2013
1602:Sagrati, Giorgio (2012).
901:The petals contain a red
362:. The corn poppy and its
201:
194:
177:
170:
63:Scientific classification
61:
52:
45:
2631:Plants described in 1753
1865:South China Morning Post
1382:Linné, Carl von (1753).
987:Canadian ten-dollar note
622:Distribution and habitat
512:means the corn poppy in
346:. It is native to north
1608:The black poppy Evelina
401:, forming a long-lived
1250:
1145:British Prime Minister
808:Bosnia and Herzegovina
553:A sterile hybrid with
529:
391:
2566:Flora of North Africa
2556:Flora of the Caucasus
1362:From Up on Poppy Hill
1237:
1088:Romanian 200 lei note
527:
397:is a variable, erect
389:
2571:Flora of Afghanistan
1890:Malta Wild Plants –
1495:. 1981. p. 30.
1356:White poppy (symbol)
1351:Corn poppy with lamb
1281:improve this article
1194:improve this article
1090:, introduced in 2006
597:Leucanthemum vulgare
546:mildly poisonous to
2641:Melliferous flowers
2581:Flora of Azerbaijan
1839:. 25 September 2018
1783:"Papaver rhoeas L."
1716:2016PLoSO..1158117H
1002:Battle of the Somme
508:word for poppy and
407:Northern Hemisphere
271:Papaver tenuissimum
223:Papaver intermedium
1230:Persian literature
1166:Persian literature
956:In Flanders Fields
920:, it was used for
891:Papaver somniferum
530:
392:
215:Papaver insignitum
207:Papaver commutatum
2621:Flora of Pakistan
2528:
2527:
2369:Open Tree of Life
1904:Taxon identifiers
1634:Compound Interest
1588:978-1-5272-2630-2
1385:Species Plantarum
1313:
1312:
1305:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1152:remembrance poppy
934:Remembrance poppy
603:Cosmos bipinnatus
497:Species Plantarum
299:
298:
291:
287:Papaver tumidulum
283:
275:
267:
263:Papaver strigosum
259:
251:
239:
227:
219:
211:
36:Remembrance poppy
32:Anemone coronaria
16:(Redirected from
2648:
2576:Flora of Armenia
2551:Medicinal plants
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1446:. Archived from
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1178:
1170:
1128:(founder of the
1124:by the force of
1122:Battle of Gaixia
1083:
1063:
1048:
1039:and corn poppies
1032:
584:California poppy
372:World War I
289:
281:
279:Papaver trilobum
273:
265:
257:
255:Papaver roubiaei
249:
237:
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217:
209:
183:
71:
70:
57:
43:
21:
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2626:Flora of Turkey
2591:Flora of Cyprus
2561:Flora of Europe
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1339:Remembrance Day
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1317:Urdu literature
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964:Remembrance Day
936:
930:
916:In traditional
885:of this plant.
879:
832:North Macedonia
648:Madeira Islands
624:
548:grazing animals
522:
520:Natural history
488:
457:
384:
338:, is an annual
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2586:Flora of China
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2509:
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2384:Papaver_rhoeas
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2325:Papaver~rhoeas
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1892:Papaver rhoeas
1885:
1884:External links
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567:P. rhoeas
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476:papaveric acid
460:Papaver rhoeas
456:
455:Phytochemistry
453:
449:P. dubium
417:P. dubium
403:soil seed bank
395:Papaver rhoeas
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303:Papaver rhoeas
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1183:This section
1181:
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1148:David Cameron
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485:
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472:Rhoeadic acid
469:
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462:contains the
461:
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172:Binomial name
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1869:. Retrieved
1863:
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1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:the original
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1785:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1707:
1703:
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1681:. Retrieved
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1636:. 2020-11-11
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:
1578:
1575:Stace, C. A.
1547:
1541:
1522:
1488:
1455:. Retrieved
1448:the original
1435:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1384:
1377:
1360:
1343:
1314:
1299:
1290:
1279:Please help
1274:verification
1271:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1212:
1203:
1192:Please help
1187:verification
1184:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1109:
1108:is known as
1105:
1099:
1052:Claude Monet
1006:
972:
944:trench lines
937:
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394:
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376:Commonwealth
366:such as the
352:
344:Papaveraceae
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
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312:common poppy
311:
308:common names
302:
301:
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139:Papaveraceae
129:Ranunculales
112:
99:
86:
46:
40:
18:Common poppy
2397:kew-2561554
2281:NatureServe
2196:iNaturalist
1936:Wikispecies
1871:11 November
1843:11 November
1614:23 December
1610:. WordPress
1156:opium poppy
1130:Han dynasty
985:(2012) and
960:John McCrae
940:World War I
871:USDA Zone 8
869:to between
780:Switzerland
768:Netherlands
676:Afghanistan
672:Ciscaucasia
658:regions of
535:agriculture
480:rhoeagenine
412:flower stem
382:Description
324:field poppy
106:Angiosperms
2535:Categories
2502:WisFlora:
2392:Plant List
2029:Calflora:
1818:2012-03-21
1767:24 October
1683:24 October
1661:24 October
1640:2024-05-10
1532:0333653416
1457:2014-10-17
1419:24 January
1369:References
1334:Coquelicot
1162:in China.
1160:Opium Wars
1114:Consort Yu
932:See also:
911:potpourris
836:Montenegro
664:Azerbaijan
650:, and the
616:inhalation
563:hungaricum
557:is known,
356:herbicides
340:herbaceous
316:corn poppy
310:including
2162:200009166
2136:200009166
2118:FloraBase
1415:. kew.org
1243:replied:
1141:P. rhoeas
1139:In 2010,
1106:P. rhoeas
1072:Anzac Day
1021:Plantlife
968:Anzac Day
736:Lithuania
696:Palestine
614:risk via
592:capitulum
573:P. rhoeas
555:P. dubium
539:Old World
500:in 1753.
468:rhoeadine
364:cultivars
332:red poppy
320:corn rose
247:strigosum
235:strigosum
157:Species:
76:Kingdom:
2490:VicFlora
2479:VASCAN:
2462:24000139
2457:Tropicos
2381:PalDat:
2320:NSWFlora
2286:2.161754
2237:11430036
2224:306058-2
2066:eFloraSA
2006:BioLib:
1921:Wikidata
1744:27341588
1704:PLOS ONE
1657:ipni.org
1577:(2019).
1323:See also
1126:Liu Bang
1118:Xiang Yu
1110:yumeiren
883:cultivar
856:Portugal
848:Slovenia
812:Bulgaria
776:Slovakia
720:Pakistan
656:Caucasus
588:P.rhoeas
528:Capsules
486:Taxonomy
464:alkaloid
426:capsules
196:Synonyms
135:Family:
119:Eudicots
2541:Papaver
2268:MoBotPF
2175:2888443
2053:Ecocrop
1927:Q130201
1792:3 April
1735:4920406
1712:Bibcode
1017:Norfolk
950:on the
928:Culture
840:Romania
816:Croatia
804:Albania
788:Ireland
784:Denmark
764:Hungary
760:Germany
752:Belgium
748:Austria
744:Ukraine
740:Moldova
728:Belarus
708:Lebanon
668:Georgia
660:Armenia
644:Tunisia
640:Morocco
628:Algeria
612:allergy
537:in the
504:is the
502:Papaver
466:called
434:Papaver
306:, with
250:Simonk.
245:subsp.
150:Papaver
145:Genus:
125:Order:
80:Plantae
2472:447992
2469:uBio:
2449:3641-6
2405:PLANTS
2374:867221
2332:NZOR:
2273:284850
2110:175577
2084:596241
2022:179747
1994:ARKive
1970:APDB:
1950:AoFP:
1742:
1732:
1585:
1554:
1529:
1499:
989:(2001)
896:France
858:, and
852:France
844:Serbia
828:Kosovo
820:Greece
798:, the
796:Sweden
792:Norway
772:Poland
732:Latvia
716:Turkey
704:Jordan
700:Israel
680:Cyprus
670:, and
608:nectar
580:pollen
577:meadow
510:rhoeas
430:stigma
399:annual
360:fallow
348:Africa
334:, and
290:Klokov
282:Wallr.
238:Boenn.
226:Becker
2444:SANBI
2436:56687
2410:PARH2
2343:NZPCN
2312:33128
2250:18893
2232:IRMNG
2211:18660
2208:IPA:
2201:54404
2188:26703
2144:FoAO2
2105:EUNIS
2097:PAPRH
2045:6TM6N
1986:86524
1973:23676
1960:APA:
1451:(xls)
1440:(xls)
1329:Poppy
1245:Hafez
1102:China
1096:China
1013:Essex
907:wines
867:hardy
860:Spain
824:Italy
724:India
712:Syria
684:Egypt
636:Libya
632:Egypt
514:Greek
506:Latin
438:latex
274:Fedde
266:Schur
233:var.
218:Jord.
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
2505:4417
2482:7125
2418:POWO
2361:7142
2348:3470
2307:NCBI
2260:1899
2245:ITIS
2219:IPNI
2183:GRIN
2170:GBIF
2123:2965
2092:EPPO
2058:8295
2032:6057
2017:BOLD
2009:3504
1981:APNI
1963:2815
1953:4123
1873:2018
1845:2018
1794:2024
1769:2017
1740:PMID
1685:2017
1663:2017
1616:2017
1583:ISBN
1552:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1421:2017
1070:for
1015:and
946:and
922:gout
877:Uses
722:and
714:and
692:Iraq
688:Iran
543:weed
478:and
422:i.e.
336:Odai
258:Vig.
2513:WFO
2431:RHS
2294:NBN
2157:FoC
2131:FNA
2079:EoL
2040:CoL
1730:PMC
1720:doi
1315:In
1283:by
1228:In
1196:by
1100:In
1068:RSA
1011:of
903:dye
2537::
2515::
2492::
2459::
2446::
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2420::
2407::
2394::
2371::
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2094::
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2068::
2055::
2042::
2019::
1996::
1983::
1938::
1923::
1862:.
1835:.
1752:^
1738:.
1728:.
1718:.
1708:11
1706:.
1702:.
1632:.
1606:.
1566:^
1511:^
1491:.
1466:^
1442:.
1394:^
1104:,
1023:.
913:.
898:.
862:.
854:,
850:,
846:,
842:,
838:,
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
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762:,
758:,
754:,
750:,
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742:,
738:,
734:,
730:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
666:,
662:,
646:,
642:,
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634:,
630:,
618:.
569:.
561:×
559:P.
550:.
516:.
474:,
330:,
326:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
188:L.
115::
102::
89::
1875:.
1847:.
1821:.
1796:.
1771:.
1746:.
1722::
1714::
1687:.
1665:.
1643:.
1618:.
1591:.
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1505:.
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1423:.
1306:)
1300:(
1295:)
1291:(
1277:.
1219:)
1213:(
1208:)
1204:(
1190:.
38:.
20:)
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