Comparison between Esperanto and Ido

5624:

of supporters; the two languages resemble each other enough that a few weeks of study will enable one to understand the other with little difficulty, and there are a number of people that have learned Ido out of curiosity but prefer to support the larger Esperanto movement and vice versa. The number of participants at the respective international conferences is also much different: Esperanto conferences average 2000 to 3000 participants every year whereas Ido conferences have around 10 participants each year. Each language also has a number of regional conferences during the year on a much less formal basis, and with smaller numbers.

5372:(Mary, Maria, Marie, etc.), among others. Some Esperanto speakers choose to take on a fully assimilated name, or to at least adjust the orthography of their name to the Esperanto alphabet. Others leave their name completely unmodified. This is regarded as a personal choice, and the Academy of Esperanto officially affirmed this proclaiming that "everyone has the right to keep their authentic name in its original orthography, as long as it is written in Latin letters." 1069:, who published it in 1887 under the pseudonym Dr Esperanto. It immediately became popular, but soon the members of the movements were making suggestions as to how they thought it might be improved. Zamenhof responded by making a list of possible changes to Esperanto and in 1894 put them before the Esperanto community. If accepted they would create what Dr Zamenhof called a "Reformed Esperanto". This proposed reformed Esperanto is sometimes referred to as 840: 242: 5339:, "ci"/"tu" in Esperanto and Esperanto 1894 are used / to be used only in very familiar circles and towards children and intellectually inferior creatures/humans; its use faced to a colleague or outside of the family can be seen as outright insulting. Therefore, "ci" is omitted in most basic grammars, as many Esperantists will use their native tongue in situations where "ci"/„tu" were appropriate. 118: 66: 25: 1662:, previously the chairman of the French Esperanto movement and chosen by Zamenhof himself to present the case for Esperanto. People believed Louis Couturat had been well aware of what was going on. To this day there is much bewilderment in both the Esperanto and Ido communities about the rules and proceedings of the Committee. 5572:. However, less well-known place names are generally left alone, so a small town by the name of "Battle River" for example would be written the same way, and not transcribed as "Batalio-rivero". This is because transcribing a little-known place name would make it nearly impossible to find in the original language. 5623:

Esperanto is estimated to have approximately 100,000 to 2 million fluent speakers. In the same manner estimates for the number of Ido speakers are far from accurate, but 1,000 to a 5,000 is most likely. It is also important to note the distinction between the number of speakers compared to the number

5588:

is easier to learn than Ido's. Two other studies by the same researchers suggest no significant overall difference in difficulty of learning between Esperanto and Ido for educated American adults, but the sample sizes were again small: in the two tests combined, only 32 test subjects studied Ido. The

1841:

Other suggested innovations such as Iĉismo (to have a neutral root and masculine and feminine endings) are more acceptable and are discussed among Esperantists. The Volapük experience still is a factor in the "protectionism" of Esperantists, but no longer predominant. Still, proposals for change are

1654:

from among the several entries. Most Esperantists assumed Esperanto would win easily. However, an anonymous entry was submitted at the last moment (against the rules) detailing a reformed version of Esperanto, which may have impressed the Committee. Louis Couturat as chairman demanded the Committee

1076:

Ido was created around a quarter of a century after Esperanto. The name Ido means "offspring" in Esperanto and was so named by its creators because it was a development of Esperanto. The creation of Ido led to a schism between those who believed that Esperanto should be left as it was and those who

5607:

The final scores are practically the same. They are the same in vocabulary, 71.9; in terms of the sum of the three other tests, we have final scores of 44.1 for Esperanto and 45.2 for Ido. These results are, it must be remembered, for a limited number of subjects of able intellect who were working

1715:

Since Esperanto has proved to be a living, stable language, nowadays Esperantists are less quick to reject influences from Ido. Probably the most fundamental of these is that Esperantists have copied Idists in clarifying the rules for word derivation. In addition, modern Esperanto has borrowed the

1088:

The languages of Esperanto and Ido remain close, and largely mutually intelligible, like two dialects of the same language. Just as dialects of a language are quite often sources of new words for that language through literature, so Ido has contributed many neologisms to Esperanto (especially in

1639:, based in Vienna, in 1907, requesting it to choose between the many artificial languages. This request was denied. The Delegation's response was to meet later that year (1907) in Paris as a committee under the chairmanship of Louis Couturat with the intention of deciding the issue themselves. 5600:

A question which has been of interest to us is the comparative ease of learning of various artificial languages. The above records are all for Esperanto. Unfortunately we have been able to test only two groups learning Ido. Our test material is available to anyone who wishes to obtain further

1614:

It was put to the vote whether this should be implemented in full or in part, or reworked or rejected. A big majority voted to reject it outright. It seems likely that, having learned Esperanto, speakers did not want to unlearn it. Because so many voted no Zamenhof took no further interest in

3363:

Although Esperanto and Ido share a large amount of vocabulary, there are differences. The creators of Ido felt that much of Esperanto was either not internationally recognizable, or unnecessarily deformed, and aimed to fix these with more "international" or "corrected" roots. This reform can

5347:

Esperanto may or may not "Esperantize" names and proper nouns, depending on many factors. Most standard European names have equivalents, as do many major cities and all nations. Ido, on the other hand, treats most proper nouns as foreign words, and does not render them into Ido.

3148:

Both languages have the same grammatical rules concerning nouns (ending with -o), adjectives (ending with -a) and many other aspects. (However, the relationship between nouns, verbs and adjectives underwent a number of changes with Ido, based on the principle of

3991:. "Sibling" and other gender neutral forms are especially difficult in Esperanto since Esperanto simply does not have a word for such gender neutral forms. Esperanto does, however, have an epicene prefix that indicates "both sexes together": 3970:

and some animals. These words can be made female with the use of the feminine suffix. In Ido there is no default gender for normal root words, and one simply adds the corresponding masculine or feminine suffix only when desired. For example,

5601:

results. Of our two groups one comprised only four volunteer college students. The other consisted of twenty-eight educated adults who studied Ido for twenty hours as paid subjects in an experiment. We present here the outcome of our study.

2791:

Both in Ido and in Esperanto, each word is built from a root word. A word consists of a root and a grammatical ending. Other words can be formed from that word by removing the grammatical ending and adding a new one, or by inserting certain

1669:

as a "Reformed Esperanto". There was much bitterness on both sides. Louis Couturat polemicised against Esperanto until his early death in a car crash in 1914. His loss was a great setback to those who wished to spread Ido.

1622:

It was a time of great interest in constructed languages and several people published artificial languages of their own creation. It was obviously desirable that one from among the constructed languages should be chosen as

5608:

under more or less favorable conditions. Further experimentation, however, will probably bear out our conclusion that there is no great difference in difficulty in the learning of these two particular synthetic languages.

2690:

that Esperanto has. However, Ido's digraphs are more recognizable to speakers of Romance languages and its avoidance of diacritics guarantees that any computer system that supports English could easily be used for Ido.

3364:

sometimes be at the expense of Esperanto's simpler word-building process. Below are some examples in Esperanto, Ido and English; with French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese for linguistic comparison:*

701: 1632: 926: 4234:

organized as a table. Ido combines words together and changing word endings with some irregularities to show distinction, which is not as regular as that of Esperanto but is easier to distinguish by ear.

6694: 4033:

A few exceptions exist in Ido's gender system as described above, which avoid its suffix system, for which it was decided that the feminine words were so much more recognizable to its source languages:

5383:

Most countries have their own names in Esperanto. The system of derivation, though, is sometimes complex. Where the country is named after an ethnic group, the main root means a person of that group:

3331:, but unlike Esperanto, this suffix is only required when the object of the sentence is not clear, for example, when the subject-verb-object word order is not followed. Thus, the Ido sentence 3899:, as Esperanto does to derive it from neutral to only feminine. Instead, Ido words are defined as gender neutral, and two different suffixes derive masculine and feminine words from the root: 1655:

finalize its business within a month, and only five members were involved in making the final decision. Of the five, one abstained and four voted for Esperanto but said it must be reformed.

3265:

Ido introduced a number of suffixes in an attempt to clarify the morphology of a given word, so that the part of speech of the root would not need to be memorized. In the case of the word

2686:. While words in both Ido and Esperanto are spelled exactly as they are pronounced, the presence of digraphs means that Ido does not have the one-to-one correspondence between letters and 5881:

Pri Reformoj en Esperanto: Artikoloj Publikigitaj de Dro Zamenhof en la Nurnberga gazeto “Esperantisto” dum la unua duonjaro de 1894, kopiitaj kaj represitaj per zorgo de Dro Emile Javal

4117:(creating a word with the exact opposite meaning) in Esperanto to be overused as a prefix, and also to be inappropriate since it has negative meanings in many languages, and introduces 3877:* Note that Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and French are Romance languages, while German and English are Germanic languages. English has also had large influences from French and Latin. 7061: 135: 38: 4103:

or "one sensedness." This means each Ido root is supposed to correspond to only one meaning. Ido proponents feel that this allows for more precise expression than in Esperanto.

5441:

for New York. Place names which lack widespread recognition, or which would be mangled beyond recognition, usually remain in their native form: Cannes is usually rendered as

5564:

in Germany. South Carolina becomes Sud-Karolina, much in the same way that a river called the "Schwarz River" is not transcribed as the "Black River" in English even though

4171:

for "right") is that often only the last one or two syllables can be heard when shouting commands. Esperanto has developed alternate forms for many of these words (such as

2702:‹ch›, ‹gh›, ‹hh›, ‹jh›, ‹sh› and the single letter ‹u› instead of the ordinary diacritical letters of Esperanto when those are unavailable. With the advent of computers, 3891:

Another part of the reform is that Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the male gender in roots such as for family. For example, Ido does not derive the word for

6230: 1085:, a once popular constructed language that had predated Esperanto's publication by a few years. They also cited the rejection of Zamenhof's 1894 reform proposals. 7103: 1583:

This section attempts to chronicle the history of the Esperanto and Ido movements in relationship to one another. For individual histories of the languages, see

1606:

published suggestions for reform in 1894. Publication took the form of a series of four articles (including a list of words singled out for possible change) in

7164: 7083: 3289:"a coronation". By not allowing a noun to be used directly as a verb, as in Esperanto, Ido verbal roots can be recognized without the need to memorize them. 3292:

Ido corresponds more overtly to the expectations of the Romance languages, whereas Esperanto is more heavily influenced by Slavic semantics and phonology.

822: 92: 76: 6808: 5883: 518: 44: 1833:

as common has not gained acceptance at all, as a neuter (which in Latin means "none of both") is the contrary of the desired common ("any of both").

182: 7088: 7047: 2703: 1731:

third person singular pronoun, i.e. that means "he or she". For various reasons, this is seen as desirable in Esperanto too by many Esperantists.

154: 1073:. However, when the Esperanto community was invited to vote on whether to adopt the proposals, they rejected the proposals by a large majority. 7093: 1703: 1636: 886: 6075: 5858: 5752: 2437:

is regular, but slightly more complex than Esperanto's. In Esperanto, all words are stressed on the penultimate, second-to-last syllable: rad

1017: 876: 6052: 1642:

One of the languages under consideration was, of course, Esperanto. Zamenhof did not give permission to reprint his articles detailing his "

161: 7108: 1758:

or Japanese in such a way that it can be hard to distinguish them – a fact that made Rev. Schleyer omit the "r" from Volapük – and this is

2330: 553: 6223: 2300: 543: 513: 168: 80: 7098: 7054: 6100: 891: 219: 201: 52: 5422:, where citizens are named for their country, the name of the country is the main word, and its inhabitants are derived from that: 6136: 6095:

Wennergren, Bertilo (2005). Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko. El Cerrito, California, USA: Esperanto-Ligo por Norda Ameriko.

4147:. Listening comprehension was also given as a reason: the primary Ido grammar book states that one reason for the adoption of the 3258:

it means an action performed with the thing. To get the name for the performance of the action, it is necessary to use the suffix

1062:. The number of speakers is estimated at 100 thousand to 2 million for Esperanto, whereas Ido is much fewer at 100 to 1 thousand. 6320: 6270: 6186: 6180: 2193: 1651: 1078: 1041: 946: 658: 422: 150: 5604:

Before any study of Ido the initial test scores are higher , but the gains are less except in one function—aural understanding.

5552:, or "new", but the place name York is not changed as in Esperanto "Nov-Jorko"). This is not a hard and fast rule, however, and 5544:

City names are treated as foreign words (London), except when part of the name itself is a regular noun or adjective: Nov-York (

6828: 6172: 3246:

to create a noun, the resulting meaning would not be "a coronation", but rather the original "crown". This is because the root

2209: 2204: 2167: 815: 600: 508: 489: 461: 6216: 6121:

Language Learning: Summary of a Report to the International Auxiliary Language Association in the United States, Incorporated

558: 139: 7126: 6203: 3316:

In both Esperanto and Ido, adjectives can precede the noun as in English, or follow the noun as in Spanish. Thus, in Ido,

2706:

of surrogate Esperanto writing using ‹cx›, ‹gx›, ‹hx›, ‹jx›, ‹sx› and ‹ux› was introduced. It however remains unofficial.

2395: 2379: 2251: 2220: 640: 576: 375: 3879:

In comparison, Esperanto is somewhat more influenced by German vocabulary and Slavic semantics (as in the case of prefix

7121: 3301: 2324: 2277: 2262: 2186: 696: 456: 4123:

as an alternative in such cases. Ido also uses a series of opposite words in lieu of a prefix. For example, instead of

1849:, i.e. changing the fundaments of a language, have never been successful neither in Esperanto nor anywhere else, while 1746:, but the total replacement of li, ŝi and ĝi is seen too radical. When used as a simple addition to existing pronouns, 1081:. Those who opposed change maintained that it was endless tinkering that had led, in their opinion, to the decline of 6500: 5407:

as the national suffix, thus creating names more in line with standard international practice (and less odd-looking):

2387: 2295: 2240: 2226: 5991: 6637: 4023: 3262:, which retains the verbal idea. Thus it is necessary to know which part of speech each Esperanto root belongs to. 2305: 2282: 2175: 808: 528: 402: 5961: 5923: 175: 128: 84: 7131: 3133:

for the imperative. Verbs in both Esperanto and Ido do not conjugate depending on person, number or gender; the -

2371: 2340: 2233: 1658:

Many in the Esperanto movement felt betrayed. It later was discovered that the anonymous last-minute entrant was

1646:

suggestions but a reprint was made and circulated, perhaps predisposing Committee members to think in terms of a

1077:

believed that it had what they perceived as inherent flaws which made it not quite good enough to be the world's

1010: 989: 678: 533: 446: 1650:

Esperanto. (There were 200 copies, distributed personally.) The Committee began its deliberations to choose an

6530: 6275: 6014: 2651: 2310: 1665:

Zamenhof refused to be involved in making changes to Esperanto but a group led by Louis Couturat elaborated on

548: 498: 5403:

respectively (literally "container for Englishmen/Frenchmen"). More recently, many Esperantists have adopted

6390: 3340: 3218:

Greater differences arise, however, with the derivations of many words. For example, in Esperanto, the noun

2257: 2199: 2180: 1693: 355: 349: 5880: 6860: 6297: 5499:

In Ido, country names must conform to the language's orthography but otherwise many are left unchanged:

712: 7159: 6984: 6563: 6345: 6287: 6082:

Albaut, André, et al. (1992). AKTOJ de la AKADEMIO III: 1975–1991. Coconnier, Sablé-sur-Sarthe, France.

2679: 1137: 1129: 635: 620: 590: 563: 503: 360: 279: 241: 4950:

of Ido were revised to make them more acoustically distinct than those of Esperanto, which all end in

3962:

Most Esperanto words are gender-neutral ("table", "grass", etc.). However, Esperanto assumes the male

6994: 6878: 6609: 6575: 6450: 6239: 5632: 5462: 2434: 2393: 2385: 2377: 2369: 2231: 2214: 1778: 1685: 1584: 1038: 1003: 951: 706: 663: 630: 605: 585: 412: 308: 290: 6629: 6592: 6360: 6282: 5593: 5581: 3983:("male", not to be confused with the same Esperanto suffix which means "person"). Thus "sister" is 3967: 2355: 2245: 1788: 625: 471: 370: 295: 273: 6073: 5850: 3343:

between grammatical categories within a sentence. Adjectives do not have to be pluralized: in Ido

7154: 6979: 6898: 6888: 6728: 6714: 6455: 6435: 6380: 6258: 6048: 5820: 5328:, is not limited to inanimate objects, but can be used "for entities whose sex is indeterminate: 3963: 3184: 2715: 1967: 1719:

Especially poets have used the Ido equivalents of Esperanto's "mal-" word class ("Contrary of").

1659: 1588: 1059: 911: 839: 615: 610: 595: 523: 397: 365: 6835: 6748: 6720: 6684: 6647: 6580: 6460: 6253: 6096: 466: 451: 388: 283: 268: 4211:

La leda olda muliero silence apertis la pordo di lua kelero e lente decensis per l'eskalero.

4011:

cannot be used in the singular to indicate a parent of unknown gender; one would say instead

6934: 6893: 6883: 6773: 6753: 6674: 6662: 6548: 6465: 6292: 4219:

The ugly old woman quietly opened the door to her basement and slowly descended the stairs.

3070: 1755: 440: 5589:

researchers concluded that additional comparative studies of Esperanto and Ido are needed.

4990:(it can mean "he", "she", or "it", depending on the context) in addition to its masculine ( 774: 765: 7040: 6788: 6768: 6667: 6445: 6140: 6079: 5887: 5391:

is a Frenchman. Originally, names of countries were created by the addition of the suffix

4971: 3048: 1740:

as a replacement for all singular 3rd person pronouns. The suggested innovation is called

1607: 417: 342: 322: 1673:

Not everyone involved in creating Ido was satisfied with it; many former Idists, such as

6903: 6420: 6385: 6340: 6133: 5336: 4082:

means "parents" in the English sense, not making any implication of gender whatsoever.

2272: 2267: 1698: 1674: 1628: 1603: 1592: 1066: 921: 916: 538: 317: 7148: 7033: 7027: 6939: 6733: 6642: 6510: 6415: 6263: 3177: 2982: 1845:

The present day attitude is shown by the Esperanto Encyclopedia where it states that

1728: 1410: 6157: 6989: 6470: 6365: 3026: 2290: 2067: 476: 433: 5330:

babies, children, humans, youths, elders, people, individuals, horses, cows, cats,

4986:) not marked for intimacy. Furthermore, Ido has a pan-gender third-person pronoun 1716:

suffixes -oz- (meaning "abundant in") and -end- (meaning "required to") from Ido.

4908:

Prenu ĉiujn tiujn,* kiujn vi volos, kaj lasu ĉiujn tiujn,* kiuj ne plaĉos al vi.

1631:, a French mathematician, after initial correspondence with Zamenhof created the 6949: 6944: 6699: 6619: 6597: 6430: 6425: 6408: 6396: 6335: 5830: 4231: 3145:

endings suffice whether the subject is I, you, he, she, they, or anything else.

1050: 961: 673: 407: 117: 5468: 984: 6919: 6813: 6778: 6520: 6485: 6375: 6123:. New York City: Teachers' College, Columbia University. 1933. pp. 12–13. 6013:

ApGawain, Niklas; P.D. Hugon; J.L. Moore; L. de Beaufront (30 December 2008).

5815: 3324: 3004: 2960: 2938: 2907: 2448: 1122: 1082: 328: 5492: 5356:

Many common cross-culture European names have Esperanto equivalents, such as

2799:

Some of the grammatical endings of the two languages are defined as follows:

6868: 6855: 6738: 6704: 6553: 6350: 6199: 6185:

A comparison of the two languages and others by a supporter of both and the

5419: 3173: 2863: 2683: 2365: 2316: 1867: 1599: 1055: 956: 427: 335: 259: 248: 6783: 5304:, are translatable to Esperanto respectively, though not grammatically, as 4924:

Take all those, which you want, and leave all those, which you don't like.

4899:

The Ido correlatives were changed so they would be more distinct sounding:

4982:

second-person singular pronouns as well as plural second-person pronouns (

3975:

means "brother" in Esperanto, but "sibling" in Ido. Ido uses the suffixes

6929: 6845: 6823: 6803: 6763: 6758: 6657: 6602: 6568: 6538: 6495: 6490: 6475: 6355: 5987: 5519: 5507: 4066:, respectively. Ido also has several other neutral-gender words, such as 3153:.) In both languages one can see a direct relationship between the words 2699: 2445:

do. In Ido all polysyllables are stressed on the second-to-last syllable

2170: 966: 6208: 3312:, both in meaning and word order. There are a few differences, however: 1754:

has phonetic problems ("l" and "r" are pronounced by native speakers of

7009: 6954: 6873: 6850: 6798: 6652: 6585: 6543: 6164: 5949: 5911: 5561: 5486: 5456: 4947: 2687: 5375:

Personal names in Ido, on the other hand, are always left unmodified.

1842:

seen in Esperanto with much more suspicion than in natural languages.

7004: 6840: 6818: 6793: 6743: 6689: 6679: 6480: 6440: 6192: 5825: 5537: 5480: 5450: 3129:

for verb infinitives (Esperanto infinitives are tenseless), and uses

2885: 1749: 1678: 6023: 4916:

Prenez ti omna, quin vu volos, e lasez ti omna, qui ne plezos a vu.

5525: 4962:

may be difficult to distinguish in a noisy environment, so Ido has

3911:

for a waitress. There are only two exceptions to this rule: First,

6999: 6924: 6558: 6515: 6505: 6403: 5900:

Enciklopedio de Esperanto, Budapesto 1933, "Reformoj en Esperanto"

4148: 2793: 1727:

One difference between the two languages is that Ido has an extra

1633:

Delegation for the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language

729: 5513: 5501: 5474: 3207:

in sentences where the subject precedes the object, so Esperanto

2678:›. Ido uses the 26-letter alphabet without changes, substituting 792: 6959: 6614: 6330: 3254:

the word simply means the thing itself, whereas with the verbal

2841: 2819: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 1500:

Translation of "I drink milk" / "I milk drink" / "Milk I drink":

6212: 5531: 3277:"to crown". From this verb it is possible to remove the verbal 747: 6370: 6169:(Complete Detailed Grammar of the International Language Ido). 4018:

There is a nonstandard suffix in Esperanto that means "male":

3093:

Most of these endings are the same as in Esperanto except for

2359: 1045: 904: 871: 866: 857: 846: 756: 738: 668: 111: 59: 18: 5433:

Names of cities may or may not have an Esperanto equivalent:

2464:

when applying the accent rule, unless the two vowels are the

783: 2468:

ones in the word, in which case the "i" or "u" is stressed.

1688:

gained a sizeable following and textual corpus to this day.

838: 240: 4954:. Especially the singular and plural first-person pronouns 3883:), and has more priority over word compounding by affixes. 3339:

Unlike Esperanto, Ido does not impose rules of grammatical

1615:

changing Esperanto and concentrated instead on the work of

5395:("container"), hence England and France would be rendered 6166:

Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di la Linguo Internaciona Ido

2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 1806:

The third possibility, to keep the common-like aspect of

1704:

Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di la Linguo Internaciona Ido

1684:

Of all synthetic auxiliary languages, only Esperanto and

718: 3234:"to crown". However, if one were to begin with the verb 5517:. Many other countries have their names translated, as 2507:"school", "coffee" and the present tense of "to learn" 16:

Comparison of related international auxiliary languages

7062:

La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea

3308:("I have the blue book") is the same as the Esperanto 4089:("friend"), are neutral in Esperanto as well as Ido. 3966:

by default in other words, mainly words dealing with

6115: 6113: 5771:

kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco.

1837:

Modern view of Esperantists towards proposed changes

7071: 7020: 6972: 6912: 6713: 6628: 6529: 6319: 6308: 6246: 5914:[Pronunciation of consonants and digraphs] 3300:

Ido word order is generally the same as Esperanto (

3203:. Ido also does away with the direct object ending 1797:as masculine pronoun), thus inadvertently founding 142:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5613:International Auxiliary Language Association, 1933 3211:("I love the beautiful dogs") would in Ido become 1711:Modern situation and influence of Ido in Esperanto 3161:"a multitude" by simply replacing the adjectival 2452:, which are stressed on the last syllable. If an 1701:; whereas the grammar of Ido is explained in the 5580:One study conducted with 20 college students at 5556:is also acceptable, which is similar to writing 3441: 2739:(which has the sound of "s" in "leisure") while 2462:the pair is considered part of the same syllable 1602:were made almost from the beginning, and so Dr. 1522:"me drinkas lakto" / "me lakto drinkas" / "lakto 5801:towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. 5598: 5584:circa 1933 suggests that Esperanto's system of 3396: 1828: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1798: 1792: 1782: 1769: 1763: 1747: 1741: 1735: 790: 781: 772: 763: 754: 745: 736: 727: 716: 5592:Esperanto and Ido were compared in studies at 5415:, nevertheless the suffix remains unofficial. 3250:is inherently a noun: With the nominal ending 3222:means "a crown", and by replacing the nominal 1681:) left the movement, bleeding Ido of leaders. 6224: 3434: 3427: 2796:between the root and the grammatical ending. 1011: 816: 8: 5891:, Coulommiers Imprimerie Paul Brodard, 1907. 4934:(all those, which) is more commonly said as 3420: 3413: 3273:"to cover with" is added to create the verb 1812:and introduce a new masculine pronoun (e.g. 1089:poetic substitutes for long words using the 6177:(A Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar). 5680:Quale en la cielo, anke (tale) sur la tero. 4030:, with the same meaning, used for animals. 3172:Some minor differences include the loss of 53:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6316: 6231: 6217: 6209: 5786:la una vers l'altra en spirito di frateso. 5364:(Alexander, Aleksandr, Alessandro, etc.), 1818:), is the proposal of the attempts of the 1723:Proposals for a common gender in Esperanto 1018: 1004: 834: 823: 809: 231: 5799:with reason and conscience and should act 5659:kiel ankaŭ ni pardonas al niaj ŝuldantoj. 5653:kiel en la ĉielo, tiel ankaŭ sur la tero. 5448:In Ido, continents have their own names: 4050:("mother"). Compare these with Esperanto 3403: 220:Learn how and when to remove this message 202:Learn how and when to remove this message 5795:All human beings are born free and equal 5004: 4970:instead. Ido also distinguishes between 4901: 4237: 4188: 3987:(the same as Esperanto), but brother is 3366: 2801: 2600:Preceding i or u (with only two vowels) 2470: 2402: 1860: 1762:so if the two words differentiating are 1100: 79:: vague phrasing that often accompanies 7048:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues 5842: 5797:in dignity and rights. They are endowed 3176:, and the change of the plural from an 1781:already included the additional common 837: 239: 5713:kom nos anku pardonen al nose debenti; 5655:Nian panon ĉiutagan donu al ni hodiaŭ. 4197:malbela maljunulino mallaŭte malfermis 4179:), but most of these are rarely used. 4026:). There is also an existing prefix, 1637:International Association of Academies 151:"Comparison between Esperanto and Ido" 6174:Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko 5861:from the original on 14 December 2019 5853:Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko 5753:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5740:as we also have forgiven our debtors. 5682:Nia singladi’ panon donez a ni cadie, 4240: 4230:Esperanto adopts a regular scheme of 4182:An extreme example of overuse of the 3979:("female", used as in Esperanto) and 3238:, "to crown", and replace the verbal 3113:. Esperanto marks noun plurals by an 2714: 7: 6204:Conlang Atlas of Language Structures 5967:from the original on 6 February 2012 5929:from the original on 6 February 2012 5784:per raciono e koncienco e devas agar 5709:Pano nose omnudie donan al nos hodiu 5686:Quale anke ni remisas a nia debanti, 140:adding citations to reliable sources 7165:Comparison of constructed languages 5986:Chandler, James (6 November 1997). 5782:relate digneso e yuri. Li es dotita 5769:Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, 4074:in Ido means the same as Esperanto 4007:means "parents". In standard usage 2384:, opting to use the similar sounds 5994:from the original on 27 March 2022 5958:Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di Ido 5920:Kompleta Gramatiko Detaloza di Ido 5912:"Pronunco dil konstanti e digrami" 5360:(John, Johann, Juan, Jean, etc.), 4078:(i.e. "parents" of both genders); 2634:Esperanto eliminates the letters ‹ 2544:"to go", "to know" and "to drink" 1853:through use "enriches languages". 1610:monthly magazine, under the title 514:World Esperanto Youth Organization 14: 7055:In the Land of Invented Languages 6055:from the original on 28 June 2011 6022:. pp. 52, 70. Archived from 5736:Give us this day our daily bread, 5645:Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo, 5585: 2339: 2329: 2315: 2250: 2219: 2192: 2185: 1827:An attempt to elevate the neuter 1734:Some Esperantists have suggested 1635:. The Delegation approached the 1283:Translation of "warm" and "cold": 1042:international auxiliary languages 927:Delegation for the Adoption of an 34:This article has multiple issues. 5780:Omna homi naskas libera ed egala 5767:kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. 5765:Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj 5742:And lead us not into temptation, 5707:kom in cielo, sik anku sur tero. 5657:Kaj pardonu al ni niajn ŝuldojn, 5335:As Esperanto was created in the 3819:bote/barca/barco/nave/nau/navio 1652:international auxiliary language 1627:international language. In 1900 1234:masculine and feminine optional 1079:international auxiliary language 929:International Auxiliary Language 116: 64: 23: 5699:Patro nose, kvu esten in ciele, 5672:Patro nia qua esas en la cieli, 5663:sed liberigu nin de la malbono. 3895:by adding a feminine suffix to 3199:("beautiful dogs") becomes Ido 509:Universal Esperanto Association 127:needs additional citations for 42:or discuss these issues on the 6134:Ethnologue report on Esperanto 6051:(in Esperanto). 9 March 2010. 5855:, "Seksa signifo de O-vortoj"" 4015:, "one (out) of the parents". 3281:and replace it with a nominal 1793: 1783: 1598:Calls for specific reforms to 1: 7127:List of constructed languages 5717:sed liberigan nos de malbono. 5688:E ne duktez ni aden la tento, 5661:Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton, 2580:"radio", "family" and "hand" 1274:come from natural vocabulary 376:Modern evolution of Esperanto 6084:Rekomendoj pri propraj nomoj 5734:on earth as it is in heaven. 5715:ne kondukan nos versu tento, 5711:e pardonan al nos debi nose, 4099:Another principle of Ido is 3903:for a waiter of any gender, 3187:replacement of the terminal 697:Constructed languages portal 519:International Youth Congress 5988:"Changes in Ido since 1922" 5690:Ma liberigez ni de lo mala. 5560:in English for the city of 4938:(all, which) in Esperanto. 3169:, or the other way around. 2433:Ido's rule for determining 1065:Esperanto was developed by 529:World Anational Association 7181: 6143:, retrieved 27 March 2010. 5684:E remisez a ni nia debaji, 4199:la pordon al sia kelo kaj 4139:("short", the opposite of 4024:Gender reform in Esperanto 3335:also means the same thing. 2654:and adds the new letters ‹ 2353: 1691:Esperanto is based on the 1612:Pri Reformoj en Esperanto. 1582: 1462:Translation of "big dogs": 1232:gender-neutral by default; 1227:gender-neutral by default; 554:Europe–Democracy–Esperanto 491:Organizations and services 91:Such statements should be 7132:List of language creators 7117: 5744:but deliver us from evil. 5738:and forgive us our debts, 5647:Via nomo estu sanktigita. 5535:for the United States or 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5018: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5002:) third-person pronouns. 4887: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4733: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4569: 4566: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4546: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4390: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4338: 4263: 4260: 4251: 4248: 4242: 3497:ao redor de, em volta de 3209:mi amas la belajn hundojn 3183:tacked onto the end to a 3086: 3074: 3064: 3052: 3042: 3030: 3020: 3008: 2998: 2986: 2932: 2917: 2901: 2889: 2879: 2867: 2857: 2845: 2835: 2823: 2813: 2807: 2408:Esperanto omitted sounds 713:Esperanto Knowledge (XXG) 679:Linguistic discrimination 5948:De Beaufront, L (2004). 5910:De Beaufront, L (2004). 4127:("bad", the opposite of 3310:Mi havas la bluan libron 3121:(so plural nouns end in 2908:Present tense infinitive 2460:precedes another vowel, 1547:Translation of "Europe": 1146:chamber, shoe and square 549:European Esperanto Union 499:World Esperanto Congress 7104:Interlingue/Interlingua 6271:International auxiliary 6158:Fundamento de Esperanto 5952:[Tonic accent] 5678:Vua volo esez obediata, 5568:is the German word for 4201:malrapide malsupreniris 3907:for a male waiter, and 3333:La blua libron me havas 2961:Future tense infinitive 2719:) in Esperanto becomes 2709:In general, the letter 2700:the use of the digraphs 2696:Fundamento de Esperanto 1694:Fundamento de Esperanto 1334:Translation of "to go": 356:Declaration of Boulogne 350:Fundamento de Esperanto 6809:Middle-earth languages 6139:22 August 2009 at the 5728:hallowed be your name. 5701:Sankte estan tue nomo. 5616: 4155:for "left" instead of 4113:Ido claims the prefix 3968:familial relationships 3442: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3404: 3397: 3318:Me havas la libro blua 3306:Me havas la blua libro 3269:"a crown", the suffix 1829: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1799: 1770: 1764: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1530:i.e., SVO / SOV / OSV 1097:Summary of differences 844: 791: 782: 773: 764: 755: 746: 737: 728: 717: 457:Pop culture references 246: 7084:Esperanto/Interlingua 6985:Esperanto orthography 6564:Pan-Germanic language 6346:Communicationssprache 6240:Constructed languages 5726:Our Father in heaven, 4085:Other words, such as 3320:means the same thing. 3230:one derives the verb 3213:me amas la bela hundi 2939:Past tense infinitive 2650:› from the 26-letter 1686:Interlingua-IL de ApI 1567:c. 100,000–2,000,000 1374:Translation of "go!": 1237:Gender of "elephant": 1218:masculine by default; 842: 564:Skolta Esperanto Ligo 504:Akademio de Esperanto 361:Montevideo Resolution 244: 6576:Pan-Romance language 6451:Latino sine flexione 5886:30 June 2020 at the 5674:Vua nomo santigesez; 4932:ĉiujn tiujn, kiuj(n) 4131:, "good"), Ido uses 3304:). The Ido sentence 3285:, creating the word 3174:adjectival agreement 2763:respectively become 2727:in Ido. The letters 2360:Ido § Phonology 1617:Fundamenta Esperanto 1585:History of Esperanto 952:Constructed language 664:Constructed language 559:Panamerican Congress 524:Esperanto Youth Week 136:improve this article 93:clarified or removed 6593:Pan-Slavic language 6189:concept in general. 6029:on 25 November 2011 5651:plenumiĝu Via volo, 5594:Columbia University 5582:Columbia University 5007: 3999:means "father" and 3302:subject–verb–object 3195:. Hence, Esperanto 2472: 2411:Ido similar sounds 2404: 2368:used in Esperanto, 2356:Esperanto phonology 1863: 1789:Arcaicam Esperantom 1424:Plural of "house" ( 1223:More recently, also 371:Manifesto of Prague 235:Part of a series on 6980:Constructed script 6456:Lingua Franca Nova 6436:International Sign 6078:5 May 2022 at the 5960:. pp. 11–12. 5732:your will be done, 5730:Your kingdom come, 5703:Venan reksito tue, 5619:Number of speakers 5387:is an Englishman, 5005: 4830:nule, nulamaniere 4827:irge, irgamaniere 4729:omnatempe, sempre 4013:unu el la gepatroj 2977:to be going to go 2613:"day" and "early" 2563:Preceding i or u: 2527:Verb infinitives: 2471: 2403: 1861: 1777:In 1967, however, 1660:Louis de Beaufront 1589:Reformed Esperanto 1541:Sometimes altered 1528:me drinkas" (Ido) 1520:mi trinkas" (Esp.) 1331:(future) suffixes 1229:feminine optional 1126:(ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, ŭ) 1060:Reformed Esperanto 947:Auxiliary language 845: 659:Auxiliary language 398:Esperanto movement 366:Manifesto of Rauma 247: 7140: 7139: 6995:Tolkien's scripts 6968: 6967: 6685:Logopandecteision 6648:Dutton Speedwords 6581:Neolatino Romance 6461:Lingwa de planeta 5922:. pp. 8–11. 5807: 5806: 5750: 5749: 5676:Vua regno arivez; 5633:The Lord's Prayer 5586:correlative words 5290: 5289: 4928: 4927: 4892: 4891: 4717:lore, (i)tatempe 4223: 4222: 3875: 3874: 3698:to chew/masticate 3353:la grandaj libroj 3091: 3090: 2805:Grammatical form 2711:⟨ĥ⟩ 2627: 2626: 2431: 2430: 2347: 2346: 1576: 1575: 1514:trinkas" / "lakto 1502:"mi trinkas lakto 1497:precedes subject 1456:Agree with nouns 1276:can be formed by 1220:feminine optional 1028: 1027: 833: 832: 544:Plouézec Meetings 230: 229: 222: 212: 211: 204: 186: 110: 109: 57: 7172: 7089:Esperanto/Novial 6913:Ritual and other 6754:Elvish languages 6675:Lingua generalis 6663:Astrolinguistics 6317: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6210: 6144: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6117: 6108: 6093: 6087: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6028: 6021: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5966: 5955: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5928: 5917: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5892: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5847: 5758: 5757: 5638: 5637: 5614: 5008: 4902: 4824:ule, ulamaniere 4238: 4189: 4135:, or instead of 4046:("father"), and 3816:barco/nave/navío 3494:alrededor, cerca 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3407: 3400: 3367: 2802: 2735:are merged into 2718: 2712: 2682:for Esperanto's 2473: 2447:except for verb 2405: 2399: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2343: 2333: 2321:(in diphthongs) 2319: 2254: 2237: 2223: 2196: 2189: 1864: 1832: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1802: 1796: 1786: 1773: 1767: 1753: 1745: 1739: 1527: 1519: 1513: 1507: 1495:Only when object 1470: 1446: 1436: 1393: 1382: 1352: 1342: 1294: 1201: 1192: 1183: 1173: 1164: 1155: 1101: 1020: 1013: 1006: 907: 860: 849: 835: 825: 818: 811: 796: 787: 778: 769: 760: 751: 742: 733: 724: 722: 579: 492: 441:Literatura Mondo 391: 311: 287: 262: 251: 232: 225: 218: 207: 200: 196: 193: 187: 185: 144: 120: 112: 105: 102: 96: 68: 67: 60: 49: 27: 26: 19: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7145: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7113: 7094:Ido/Interlingua 7067: 7041:Bridge of Words 7016: 6964: 6908: 6718: 6709: 6624: 6525: 6446:Langue nouvelle 6322: 6312: 6310: 6304: 6242: 6237: 6153: 6148: 6147: 6141:Wayback Machine 6132: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6111: 6094: 6090: 6080:Wayback Machine 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6011: 6007: 5997: 5995: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5953: 5950:"Acento tonika" 5947: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5904: 5899: 5895: 5888:Wayback Machine 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5705:estan vulo tue, 5704: 5702: 5700: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5649:Venu Via regno, 5648: 5646: 5630: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5578: 5381: 5354: 5345: 5320:, like English 5198:Esperanto 1894 4998:), and neuter ( 4944: 4897: 4228: 4111: 4097: 3889: 3878: 3361: 3349:la granda libri 3345:the large books 3298: 3242:with a nominal 3165:with a nominal 2789: 2710: 2632: 2362: 2352: 2320: 1859: 1839: 1779:Manuel Halvelik 1725: 1713: 1644:Esperanto 1894" 1608:La Esperantisto 1596: 1581: 1570:c. 1,000–5,000 1563: 1553: 1548: 1537: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1484: 1474: 1466: 1463: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1429: 1420: 1408: 1389: 1386: 1378: 1375: 1348: 1345: 1338: 1335: 1298: 1290: 1284: 1275: 1247: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1197: 1188: 1179: 1177: 1169: 1160: 1151: 1144:Translation of 1140: 1132: 1127: 1125: 1099: 1024: 995: 994: 980: 972: 971: 942: 934: 933: 928: 909: 905: 897: 896: 887:vs. Interlingua 862: 858: 847: 829: 800: 799: 711: 692: 684: 683: 654: 646: 645: 601:Czech Republic‎ 581: 577: 569: 568: 494: 490: 482: 481: 447:Native speakers 393: 389: 381: 380: 343:La Esperantisto 323:Proto-Esperanto 313: 309: 301: 300: 278: 264: 260: 249: 226: 215: 214: 213: 208: 197: 191: 188: 145: 143: 133: 121: 106: 100: 97: 90: 69: 65: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7178: 7176: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7147: 7146: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6725: 6723: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6695:Real Character 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6327: 6325: 6314: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6250: 6248: 6247:Classification 6244: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6197: 6190: 6178: 6170: 6162: 6152: 6151:External links 6149: 6146: 6145: 6126: 6109: 6088: 6066: 6040: 6005: 5978: 5940: 5902: 5893: 5872: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5821:Esperanto 1894 5818: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5789: 5774: 5748: 5747: 5720: 5696:Esperanto 1894 5693: 5666: 5629: 5626: 5620: 5617: 5610: 5577: 5574: 5430:("Canadian"). 5380: 5377: 5353: 5352:Personal names 5350: 5344: 5341: 5337:Russian Empire 5324:and Esperanto 5288: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 4976:) and formal ( 4943: 4940: 4936:ĉiujn, kiuj(n) 4926: 4925: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4906: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4461:neniuj/nenioj 4459: 4456: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4257:Indeterminate 4253: 4252:Indeterminate 4250: 4249:Demonstrative 4247: 4245:interrogative 4241: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4193: 4163:plus the word 4110: 4105: 4096: 4091: 4070:for "parent". 3935:, and second, 3888: 3885: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3791:arrepender-se 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3551:esposo/marido 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3536:husband/spouse 3534: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3485:ungefähr/circa 3483: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3408: 3401: 3393: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3360: 3357: 3355:in Esperanto. 3351:as opposed to 3337: 3336: 3321: 3297: 3294: 3226:with a verbal 3089: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2788: 2785: 2704:another system 2652:Latin alphabet 2631: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2614: 2611: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2581: 2578: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2545: 2542: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2508: 2505: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2364:Ido omits two 2351: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2337: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2229: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968:Esperanto 1894 1964: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1858: 1855: 1838: 1835: 1724: 1721: 1712: 1709: 1699:L. L. Zamenhof 1675:Otto Jespersen 1629:Louis Couturat 1604:L. L. Zamenhof 1593:History of Ido 1580: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1559: 1558: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1480: 1479: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1422: 1414: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1332: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1281: 1272: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1235: 1230: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1142: 1134: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1098: 1095: 1071:Esperanto 1894 1067:L. L. Zamenhof 1026: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1015: 1008: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 992: 987: 981: 978: 977: 974: 973: 970: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 943: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 931: 924: 919: 910: 903: 902: 899: 898: 895: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 863: 856: 855: 852: 851: 831: 830: 828: 827: 820: 813: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 788: 779: 770: 761: 752: 743: 734: 725: 709: 704: 699: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 682: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 653:Related topics 652: 651: 648: 647: 644: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 582: 575: 574: 571: 570: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 539:Pasporta Servo 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 495: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 437: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 394: 387: 386: 383: 382: 379: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 346: 339: 332: 325: 320: 314: 307: 306: 303: 302: 299: 298: 293: 288: 276: 271: 265: 258: 257: 254: 253: 245:Esperanto flag 237: 236: 228: 227: 210: 209: 124: 122: 115: 108: 107: 72: 70: 63: 58: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7177: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7143: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7110: 7109:Lojban/Loglan 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Esperanto/Ido 7077: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7034:A Secret Vice 7031: 7029: 7028:Esperantology 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6940:Lingua ignota 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6734:Belter Creole 6732: 6730: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6643:Basic English 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6511:Universalglot 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6416:Idiom Neutral 6414: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6321:International 6318: 6315: 6307: 6299: 6298:Philosophical 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6264:Language game 6262: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6234: 6229: 6227: 6222: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6211: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6142: 6138: 6135: 6130: 6127: 6122: 6116: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6105:Propraj nomoj 6102: 6101:0-939785-07-2 6098: 6092: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6025: 6018: 6017: 6009: 6006: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5979: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5944: 5941: 5925: 5921: 5913: 5906: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5846: 5843: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5803: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5746: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5627: 5625: 5618: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5597: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5542: 5540: 5539: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5527: 5523:for Germany, 5522: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5349: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5292:Ido pronouns 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5022: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4994:), feminine ( 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4894: 4881: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4836: 4826: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4662:ube, qualoke 4658: 4655: 4654: 4635: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4589: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4564: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4243:Relative and 4239: 4236: 4233: 4225: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4203:la ŝtuparon. 4202: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3845:destacamento 3844: 3841: 3839:distaccamento 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3810:bateau/navire 3809: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3178:agglutinative 3175: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151:reversibility 3146: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115:agglutinative 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955:to have gone 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2820:Singular noun 2818: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2629: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2401: 2400:exclusively. 2397: 2389: 2381: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1730: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1677:(who created 1676: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1526: 1518: 1512: 1508:" / "mi lakto 1506: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1437: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1411:agglutinative 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1384: 1381: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1351: 1343: 1341: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259:(fem.) (Ido) 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246:(fem.) (Esp.) 1245: 1242:(default ) / 1241: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1185: 1182: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1147: 1143: 1141:(ch, sh, qu) 1139: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1054:derived from 1053: 1052: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1001: 999: 998: 991: 988: 986: 983: 982: 976: 975: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 938: 937: 930: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 914: 913: 908: 901: 900: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 882:vs. Esperanto 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 861: 854: 853: 850: 841: 836: 826: 821: 819: 814: 812: 807: 806: 804: 803: 795: 794: 789: 786: 785: 780: 777: 776: 771: 768: 767: 762: 759: 758: 753: 750: 749: 744: 741: 740: 735: 732: 731: 726: 721: 720: 714: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 694: 688: 687: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 650: 649: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 580: 573: 572: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 493: 486: 485: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 442: 438: 436: 435: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 392: 385: 384: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 351: 347: 345: 344: 340: 338: 337: 333: 331: 330: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 315: 312: 305: 304: 297: 294: 292: 289: 285: 281: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 263: 256: 255: 252: 243: 238: 234: 233: 224: 221: 206: 203: 195: 184: 181: 177: 174: 170: 167: 163: 160: 156: 153: – 152: 148: 147:Find sources: 141: 137: 131: 130: 125:This article 123: 119: 114: 113: 104: 101:December 2009 94: 88: 86: 82: 78: 73:This article 71: 62: 61: 56: 54: 47: 46: 41: 40: 35: 30: 21: 20: 7160:Ido language 7142: 7078: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 6990:Sitelen Pona 6861: 6397:esperantidos 6366:Esperanto II 6288:Experimental 6193: 6181: 6173: 6165: 6156: 6129: 6120: 6104: 6091: 6083: 6069: 6057:. Retrieved 6043: 6031:. Retrieved 6024:the original 6015: 6008: 5996:. Retrieved 5981: 5969:. Retrieved 5957: 5943: 5931:. Retrieved 5919: 5905: 5896: 5879: 5875: 5863:. Retrieved 5852: 5845: 5794: 5791: 5779: 5776: 5764: 5761: 5755:, Article 1 5751: 5725: 5722: 5698: 5695: 5671: 5668: 5644: 5641: 5631: 5622: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596:circa 1933: 5591: 5579: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5543: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5498: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5463:Nord-Amerika 5461: 5460:(divided in 5455: 5449: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5437:for London, 5434: 5432: 5427: 5426:("Canada"), 5423: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5382: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5355: 5346: 5343:Proper nouns 5334: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5291: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4898: 4839: 4833:omnamaniere 4815:-e, maniere 4547:Association 4256: 4244: 4232:correlatives 4229: 4226:Correlatives 4200: 4196: 4183: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4086: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3880: 3876: 3842:destacamento 3799: 3788:arrepentirse 3641: 3613: 3585: 3531: 3482:around/circa 3362: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3328: 3323:Ido has the 3317: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3197:belaj hundoj 3196: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3081: 3075: 3059: 3053: 3037: 3031: 3015: 3009: 2993: 2987: 2971: 2965: 2949: 2943: 2930:to be going 2924: 2918: 2912: 2896: 2890: 2874: 2868: 2852: 2846: 2830: 2824: 2798: 2790: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2708: 2695: 2693: 2633: 2620: 2616: 2607: 2603: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2363: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1826: 1805: 1776: 1759: 1733: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1702: 1692: 1690: 1683: 1672: 1666: 1664: 1657: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1624: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1597: 1554: 1549: 1544:Not altered 1529: 1524: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1486: 1476:granda hundi 1475: 1467: 1464: 1443: 1440: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1421:(synthetic) 1416: 1404: 1401:Plural noun 1390: 1387: 1379: 1376: 1368: 1362: 1349: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1314: 1311:Infinitives 1303: 1299: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1277: 1268: 1256: 1252: 1251:(default) / 1248: 1243: 1239: 1222: 1213: 1198: 1196: 1189: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1170: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1090: 1087: 1075: 1070: 1064: 1049: 1034: 1030: 1029: 881: 766:Vikikomunejo 641:Soviet Union 534:Encyclopedia 477:Zamenhof Day 462:Publications 439: 434:Libera Folio 432: 348: 341: 334: 327: 216: 198: 189: 179: 172: 165: 158: 146: 134:Please help 129:verification 126: 98: 85:unverifiable 77:weasel words 74: 50: 43: 37: 36:Please help 33: 7072:Comparisons 6950:Palawa kani 6945:Medefaidrin 6620:Weltdeutsch 6610:Runyakitara 6598:Interslavic 6431:Interlingue 6426:Interlingua 6409:Interglossa 6336:Blissymbols 6016:Ido For All 5831:Interlingua 5541:for China. 5529:for Chile, 5469:Sud-Amerika 5379:Place names 4888:omnaquanta 4885:nulaquanta 4882:irgaquanta 4838:Quantity – 4339:Individual 4264:Collective 4143:, "long"), 4042:("woman"), 3836:détachement 3827:detachmento 3508:to dedicate 3391:Portuguese 3157:"many" and 3071:Conditional 2842:Plural noun 2716:[x] 2698:does allow 2630:Orthography 2449:infinitives 1453:Adjectives 1359:Imperative 1051:Esperantido 1039:constructed 990:Wikivortaro 962:Esperantido 784:Vikinovaĵoj 748:Vikifontaro 730:Vikivortaro 674:Homaranismo 408:Esperantujo 403:Esperantist 280:Orthography 87:information 7149:Categories 7099:Ido/Novial 6920:Balaibalan 6630:Engineered 6486:Pasilingua 6376:Mundolinco 6283:Engineered 6200:Comparison 6182:Which IAL? 6107:, pp. 499. 6033:6 February 5998:19 January 5971:19 January 5933:19 January 5865:15 October 5837:References 5493:Antarktika 5362:Aleksandro 5101:Esperanto 4972:intimate ( 4905:Esperanto 4879:ulaquanta 4844:Esperanto 4840:adjective 4789:Esperanto 4781:omnaspeca 4778:nulaspeca 4775:irgaspeca 4763:-a, speca 4737:Esperanto 4726:nulatempe 4723:irgatempe 4685:Esperanto 4633:Esperanto 4601:Adjective 4550:Esperanto 4498:Esperanto 4464:ĉiuj/ĉioj 4455:tiuj/tioj 4452:kiuj/kioj 4446:Esperanto 4394:Esperanto 4342:Esperanto 4296:Esperanto 4290:Esperanto 4281:Esperanto 4275:Esperanto 4269:Esperanto 4192:Esperanto 4177:maldekstra 4101:Unasenceso 4094:Unasenceso 4003:"mother"; 3909:servistino 3905:servistulo 3830:detachment 3813:barca/nave 3739:mencionar 3733:menzionare 3730:mentionner 3724:to mention 3359:Vocabulary 3325:accusative 3201:bela hundi 3049:Imperative 2808:Esperanto 2787:Morphology 2684:diacritics 2485:Esperanto 2366:consonants 2354:See also: 2336:/ks/,/ɡz/ 2287:/kw/,/kv/ 1862:Alphabets 1760:especially 1492:Mandatory 1483:Accusative 1459:Unchanged 1327:(present) 1267:formed by 1257:elefantino 1255:(masc.) / 1253:elefantulo 1244:elefantino 1214:Originally 1123:diacritics 1107:Esperanto 892:vs. Novial 793:Vikivojaĵo 775:Vikispecoj 757:Vikilibroj 739:Vikicitaro 702:Task force 578:By country 413:Literature 329:Unua Libro 291:Vocabulary 162:newspapers 39:improve it 7155:Esperanto 6973:Neography 6899:Verdurian 6869:Syldavian 6864:languages 6862:Star Wars 6856:Spocanian 6739:Brithenig 6729:Atlantean 6715:Fictional 6705:Toki Pona 6554:Eurolengo 6391:Universal 6351:Esperanto 6323:auxiliary 6311:languages 6309:Specific 6259:Fictional 6086:, pp. 76. 5762:Esperanto 5642:Esperanto 5439:Nov-Jorko 5420:New World 5095:reflexive 5075:masculine 5055:masculine 5013:singular 5006:Pronouns 4772:ulaspeca 4720:ulatempe 4677:omnaloke 4674:nulaloke 4671:irgaloke 4542:pro omno 4539:pro nulo 4536:pro irgo 4261:Negative 4157:maldextra 4038:("man"), 3833:Abteilung 3804:boat/ship 3776:to repent 3736:mencionar 3721:mencionar 3713:mastigar 3707:masticare 3582:estonteco 3577:elástico 3568:élastique 3565:elastisch 3532:spoz(ul)o 3488:autour de 3370:Esperanto 3347:would be 3341:agreement 3185:synthetic 3087:would go 2999:go, goes 2968:(ironti) 2946:(irinti) 2915:(iranti) 2864:Adjective 2849:(libroj) 2490:Regular: 2350:Phonology 1868:Esperanto 1851:evolution 1791:(keeping 1600:Esperanto 1564:speakers 1264:Antonyms 1118:Alphabet 1093:prefix). 1056:Esperanto 1048:being an 1031:Esperanto 985:Wikipedio 979:Wikimedia 957:Esperanto 922:Jespersen 912:Beaufront 872:Phonology 719:Vikipedio 691:Wikimedia 472:Profanity 452:Libraries 428:La Espero 336:Dua Libro 296:Etymology 274:Phonology 250:Esperanto 192:July 2008 75:contains 45:talk page 6930:Enochian 6889:Valyrian 6879:Tsolyáni 6846:Newspeak 6824:Sindarin 6759:Enchanta 6749:Dothraki 6721:artistic 6658:Kalaba-X 6603:Iazychie 6569:Tutonish 6539:Afrihili 6496:Solresol 6491:Sambahsa 6476:Nal Bino 6386:Romániço 6381:Reformed 6361:Arcaicam 6356:Adjuvilo 6313:by group 6254:Artistic 6194:Why Ido? 6137:Archived 6076:Archived 6059:16 April 6053:Archived 5992:Archived 5962:Archived 5924:Archived 5884:Archived 5859:Archived 5810:See also 5611:— 5554:New York 5520:Germania 5508:Portugal 5428:kanadano 5401:Francujo 5245:English 5080:feminine 5060:feminine 5045:familiar 4948:pronouns 4942:Pronouns 4930:* Note: 4921:English 4734:Quality 4668:ulaloke 4596:di omno 4593:di nulo 4590:di irgo 4533:pro ulo 4527:pro quo 4458:iuj/ioj 4216:English 4186:suffix. 4153:sinistra 4137:mallonga 4080:genitori 4076:gepatroj 4068:genitoro 4005:gepatroj 3929:genitoro 3901:servisto 3893:waitress 3824:taĉmento 3785:pentirsi 3782:repentir 3773:repentar 3727:erwähnen 3710:masticar 3695:mastikar 3574:elástico 3571:elastico 3559:elastika 3523:dedicar 3517:dedicare 3275:kronizar 3191:with an 3125:), uses 3043:will go 2899:(varme) 2893:(varme) 2877:(varma) 2871:(varma) 2855:(libri) 2833:(libro) 2827:(libro) 2814:English 2680:digraphs 2646:›, and ‹ 2573:lio and 2538:and drin 2482:English 2171:phonemes 1857:Alphabet 1824:-class. 1756:Mandarin 1648:reformed 1249:elefanto 1240:elefanto 1138:digraphs 1113:Example 967:Adjuvilo 917:Couturat 859:Language 843:Ido flag 636:Slovakia 621:Malaysia 591:Bulgaria 318:Zamenhof 261:Language 7010:Tengwar 6955:Yerkish 6935:Eskayan 6894:Venedic 6884:Utopian 6874:Teonaht 6851:Simlish 6829:more... 6814:Adûnaic 6799:Lydnevi 6779:Kobaïan 6774:Klingon 6653:Ithkuil 6586:Romanid 6549:Efatese 6544:Budinos 6521:Volapük 6466:Mondial 6293:Musical 6202:at the 5816:Volapuk 5792:English 5723:English 5628:Samples 5576:Studies 5566:schwarz 5562:Cologne 5487:Oceania 5457:Amerika 5435:Londono 5418:In the 5413:Francio 5397:Anglujo 5036:second 5027:second 5019:common 5016:plural 4895:Example 4873:quanta 4870:quanta 4859:neniom 4804:neniel 4786:Manner 4700:neniam 4587:di ulo 4581:di quo 4567:nenies 4530:pro to 4513:nenial 4495:Motive 4443:Plural 4319:ula, ∅ 4313:ita, ∅ 4307:qua, ∅ 4169:dekstra 4151:-based 4125:malbona 4072:Gepatri 4064:patrino 4040:muliero 4009:gepatro 4001:patrino 3989:fratulo 3985:fratino 3945:muliero 3871:víbora 3779:bereuen 3759:nazione 3747:naciono 3687:limite 3661:escola 3658:escuela 3638:lernejo 3605:futuro 3593:Zukunft 3562:elastic 3539:Ehemann 3520:dedicar 3505:dedikar 3471:célula 3465:cellula 3462:cellule 3410:buffalo 3388:Spanish 3385:Italian 3376:English 3327:suffix 3287:kronizo 3141:, and - 3117:ending 3084:(irus) 3078:(irus) 3062:(irez) 3040:(iros) 3034:(iros) 3018:(iris) 3012:(iris) 2996:(iras) 2990:(iras) 2983:Present 2974:(iror) 2952:(irir) 2927:(irar) 2902:warmly 2794:affixes 2674:› and ‹ 2587:o, fami 2569:dio, fa 2476:Stress 2441:o, tele 1847:reforms 1784:egui/gi 1579:History 1371:suffix 1365:suffix 1323:(past) 1317:suffix 1280:prefix 1271:prefix 1210:Gender 1130:digraph 1104:Aspect 1083:Volapük 1044:, with 941:Related 906:History 867:Grammar 707:Outline 631:Romania 606:Hungary 586:Austria 467:Symbols 390:Culture 310:History 284:Braille 269:Grammar 176:scholar 7122:Portal 7005:Sarati 6841:Nadsat 6819:Quenya 6794:Loxian 6789:Lapine 6784:Láadan 6769:Kiliki 6744:Dritok 6719:other 6690:Lojban 6680:Loglan 6668:Lincos 6481:Novial 6441:Kotava 6395:other 6099: 5826:Novial 5538:Chinia 5481:Afrika 5451:Europa 5443:Cannes 5424:Kanado 5409:Anglio 5389:franco 5358:Johano 5332:etc." 5312:, and 5300:, and 5201:mi/mu 5193:on(u) 5166:ol(u) 5163:el(u) 5160:il(u) 5090:common 5085:neuter 5070:common 5065:neuter 5050:formal 5039:third 5033:first 5030:third 5024:first 4876:tanta 4818:quale 4766:quala 4752:nenia 4714:kande 4711:tempe 4648:nenie 4630:Place 4584:di to 4409:nenio 4391:Thing 4357:neniu 4325:neni- 4165:dextra 4062:, and 4056:virino 3964:gender 3953:adulto 3951:, and 3933:parent 3927:, and 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