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449:: Played with a deck of 64 cards of square shape, which are laid out into an 8×8 square. Usually cards are designed specifically for the game of Pexeso, but at the same time there is no limitation on the content of the cards (images from a cartoon shows, photographs of a historic monuments or touristic destinations, car model of a specific automobile company, etc.). Cards are not divided into any kind of value or colour system; their content consists only of 32 pairs of identical cards.
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135:, if used) then that player wins the pair and plays again. If they are not of the same rank and color, they are turned face down again and play passes to the player on the left. Rules can be changed here too: it can be agreed before the game starts that matching pairs be any two cards of the same rank, a color-match being unnecessary, or that the match must be both rank and card suit.
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card from his/her own side. If the pair is a match, cards are removed, if not, they are flipped back. Pairs must be identical (same rank and same suit, so the 10 of clubs would have to match the other 10 of clubs). After every turn roles are exchanged, in this case: player two flips a card and player
330:
It is common for many players to think they know where pairs are and to turn over the one they are sure of first, then be stumped finding its mate. A better strategy is to turn over a less certain card first, so that if wrong, one knows not to bother turning a more certain card over.
453:
If one of the players has a particularly good memory, she could play blindfolded. In this case, her opponent must say which cards have been turned up, turn the cards back down if she doesn't get a pair and take the cards out for her if she does get a pair.
406:: For a much longer game, shuffle together two 52-card decks and lay them out in 8 rows of 13 cards (9 rows of 12 cards if using jokers). Pairs must be identical (same rank and same suit, so the 10 of clubs would have to match the other 10 of clubs).
412:: Duel is a two-player game where the playing field is divided into two separate parts. Each player shuffles a full 52-card deck and lays it out in 4 rows of 13 cards. The players cannot access each other's cards. Player one starts, flipping
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cards still in play but of known value. The current player should flip over an unknown card. If this card matches one of the known cards, the match is next chosen. Less obviously, if the card does not match any known card, one of the
437:: The cards need not be laid out in a strict rectangular grid and many players have their own special layouts that include circular, triangular, or diamond-shaped formations. Dealers may select any layout they wish.
457:
Concentration is not limited to playing cards. Many versions of the game that are designed for children may have different themes. In some computer versions, the cards may randomly move to increase the difficulty.
146:
Concentration may be played solo either as a leisurely exercise, or with the following scoring method: play as normal, but keep track of the number of non-matching pairs turned over (this may be done using
120:
may be used, although there are also commercial sets of cards with images. The rules given here are for a standard deck of 52 cards, which are normally laid face down in four rows of 13 cards each. The two
384:: A version especially good for young children where matching pairs need only be of the same rank, not the same color. When playing with jokers, these count double because they are more difficult to match.
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Over the course of the game, it becomes known where certain cards are located, and so upon turning up one card, players with good memory will be able to remember where they have already seen its pair.
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If a remaining unknown card is chosen randomly, there is a 1/(t−1−n) chance of getting a match, but also a n/(t−1−n) chance of providing opponents with the information needed to make a match.
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In turn, each player chooses two cards and turns them face up. If they are of the same rank and color (e.g. six of hearts and six of diamonds, queen of clubs and queen of spades, or both
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pattern (red, blue, red, blue, etc.) The different backs help identify the position in the grid and significantly reduce the possibility of which cards will match.
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Additional packs can be used for added interest. Standard rules need not be followed: the cards can be spread out anywhere, such as all around a room.
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game. It is a particularly good game for young children, though adults may find it challenging and stimulating as well. The scheme is often used in
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are laid face down on a surface and two cards are flipped face up over each turn. The object of the game is to turn over pairs of matching cards.
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The game ends when the last pair has been picked up. The winner is the person with the most pairs. There may be a tie for first place.
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or by making marks on a sheet of paper). The object is to clear the tableau in the fewest turns, or to get the lowest possible score.
427:: For a slightly easier version of the two-pack game, use decks with different backs and shuffle them separately. Deal them out in a
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443:: Same rules as standard concentration, only the cards are not laid out in neat rows. They are strewn randomly about on the floor.
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known cards should still be chosen to minimize the information provided to other players. The mathematics follow:
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With perfect memorization and using an optimal strategy, the expected number of moves needed for a game with
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390:: Players who make a successful pair win these cards but do not go again until their next turn.
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in color (so 7 of diamonds would match with a 7 of clubs or spades, but not a 7 of hearts)
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An ideal strategy can be developed if we assume that players have perfect memory. For the
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Daniel J. Velleman; Gregory S. Warrington (2013). "What to Expect in a Game of Memory".
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variation below, this strategy is fairly simple. Before any turn in the game, there are
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There are some exceptions to this rule that apply on the fringe cases, where
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Concentration is also known by a variety of other names including
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Chazottes, Jean-René; Collet, Pierre; Redig, Frank (2021-06-25).
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Concentration can be played with any number of players or as a
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have used its name in their titles) and can be employed as an
590:"Evolution of Concentration Under Lattice Spin-Flip Dynamics"
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Many of these may be played in combination with one another:
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may be included for a total of six rows of nine cards each.
396:: Pairs may only be formed by cards of the same rank, but
230:. For a standard deck of 52 cards, the expected value is
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50 Card Games: 50 Popular Card Games for Hours of Fun
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Matching cards are removed from the game when paired
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295:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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573:Foerster, K.-T.; Wattenhofer, R. (2013).
361:= 0 or 1 or towards the end of the game.
315:Learn how and when to remove this message
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416:card face-up, then player two selects
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552:10.4169/amer.math.monthly.120.09.787
293:adding citations to reliable sources
993:WikiProject Board & Table Games
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540:The American Mathematical Monthly
501:. Igloo Books. 2018. p. 23.
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1034:Single-deck patience card games
577:(Technical report). ETH Zurich.
594:Journal of Statistical Physics
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973:Children's card game category
522:Concentration Solitaire Rules
246:{\displaystyle \approx 41.6}
223:{\displaystyle n\to \infty }
197:{\displaystyle \approx 0.8n}
983:Children's games at Commons
528:. Accessed 14 October 2020
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425:Double Decker Checkerboard
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575:The Solitaire Memory Game
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368:Concentration (card game)
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1024:Card games for children
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45:in which all of the
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66:several game shows
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171:{\displaystyle n}
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809:Crazy Eights
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116:Any deck of
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1029:Round games
934:Voller Hund
894:Schweinchen
884:Schlafmütze
869:Ninety-nine
864:Musta Maija
794:Black Peter
779:Banka bäver
771:Round games
685:Children's
149:poker chips
90:Match Match
1008:Categories
854:James Bond
834:Hahndreier
789:Bettelmann
687:card games
607:2103.08264
546:(9): 787.
484:References
373:Variations
104:or simply
64:(in fact,
62:quiz shows
43:round game
899:Schwimmen
626:0022-4715
560:207521103
473:Solitaire
441:Spaghetti
404:Two Decks
382:Any Color
276:does not
238:≈
218:∞
215:→
186:≈
142:Solitaire
98:Pelmanism
54:solitaire
904:Slapjack
874:Old maid
462:See also
398:opposite
388:One Flip
336:One Flip
257:Strategy
94:Match Up
58:patience
859:Mau-Mau
844:Hundert
829:Go Fish
297:removed
282:sources
253:moves.
204:, with
153:pennies
924:Spoons
819:Donkey
814:Domino
706:Birkie
624:
558:
505:
447:Pexeso
133:jokers
123:jokers
102:Pexeso
82:Memory
919:Speed
824:Enflé
799:Cheat
602:arXiv
600:(1).
556:S2CID
435:Fancy
394:Zebra
112:Rules
106:Pairs
76:Names
47:cards
41:is a
909:Snap
726:Spit
622:ISSN
503:ISBN
280:any
278:cite
241:41.6
950:Uno
879:Pig
701:War
612:doi
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544:120
418:one
414:one
291:by
189:0.8
56:or
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359:n
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212:n
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166:n
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
