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as the best practical reform agenda. It is superior to the "concertina rule" and also to the so-called "augmented
Washington Consensus" which is an impossibly broad and ambitious reform agenda that is insufficiently differentiated according to the needs of different countries. The Concertina policy approach can be seen as a simple rule of thumb approach for an easy quantifiable problem. Reforming implies planning. However planning has clear limits due to limits to rationality ("
139:, which consists of removing the highest tariffs first. Amiti (2004, p. 3) traces this "idea back to Meade (1955, Trade and Welfare) who concluded that the welfare gains will be larger if tariffs on those goods with the highest tariffs are reduced first. This result was formalized by a number of authors, including Bertrand and Vanek (1971) and Falvey (1988) for a small, open, perfectly competitive economy."
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161:"HRV" see 5 possible reform strategies: 1. Wholesale reform ("augmented Washington Consensus": getting prices and institutions right) 2. Do as much and as best as you can (opportunistic approach, e.g. picking low "hanging fruits", etc.) 3. Sophisticated second-best reform (many trade offs) 4. Target the largest distortions ("concertina rule") 5. Focus on the most binding constraints.
158:. Haussmann, Rodrik and Velasco (HRV)(Growth Diagnostics, 2004) refer to the concertina method as a simple trade and more specifically, tariff reform, second best strategy. The concertina method is a general rule of thumb, which consists in eliminating the highest tariffs first, and so on, until ideally all tariffs are eliminated.
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Targeting the largest distortions first in the overall economic reform agenda is not very practical as many important distortions (e.g. with respect to institutions) cannot be easily quantified, hence a deeper qualitative analysis is needed. Focussing on the binding constraints is seen by these "HRV"
169:" see Simon (1957) and Lindblom (1979)). The HRV approach again is an approach based on rationality. Human interactions often defy a clear rationality or rationality changes with respect to the number of peoples or interest groups involved (see Olson, Mancur's Logic of Collective Action).
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Hausmann, R., Rodrik D., and
Velasco A., (2008) “Growth Diagnostics,” in J. Stiglitz and N. Serra, eds., The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Global Governance, Oxford University Press, New York, (paper already available in
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Bertrand, Trent J., and
Jaroslav Vanek, (1971) "The Theory of Tariffs, Taxes and Subsidies: Some Aspects of the Second Best," American Economic Review, Vol. 61(October), pp. 925–31.
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The concertina method consists in a piecemeal approach to trade reforms, however, with a clear quantitative priority setting. The concertina model is also highlighted briefly in
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Meade, J. E., (1955) The Theory of
International Economic Policy. Volume One. The Balance of Payments, London: Oxford University Press.
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Olson, M. (1965) The Logic of
Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Harvard University Press,
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Amiti, M, (2004) Are
Uniform Tariffs Optimal? IMF Working Paper WP/04/72, Available from:
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Simon H. (1957) Models of Man. Social and
Rational. New York : John Wiley & Sons.
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Lindblom E. Charles (1979) Still
Muddling, Not Yet Through, Public Administration Review
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http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp0472.pdf
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