1172:
1167:
1324:
1204:
1381:
924:
279:) instead. Although a 2023 study confirmed the age identification of the 2004 study through palynological, palaeobotanical and ziron analyses incorporating newly discovered additional data, this is based on adjacent structurally separated block with different stratigraphy and sedimentology to the block with fossil site it was discovered, and it is confirmed as unsustainable.
1194:
283:
was about 4 cm (1.6 in) long and characterized by a greatly enlarged pair of legs on the 8th segment which may have been used in clasping females or functioned as
1270:
1365:
471:"Age of the basal 'Lower Old Red Sandstone' Stonehaven Group of Scotland: The oldest reported air-breathing land animal is Silurian (late Wenlock) in age"
344:
Wilson, Heather M.; Anderson, Lyall I. (2004). "Morphology and taxonomy of
Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland".
1257:
518:"The oldest 'millipede'-plant association? Age, paleoenvironments and sources of the Silurian lake sediments at Kerrera, Argyll and Bute, Scotland"
1422:
1461:
1491:
1451:
569:
1456:
1486:
1358:
1171:
1166:
1466:
1351:
381:
1441:
1415:
1471:
1187:
275:, a 2017 study suggested that the geological formation it contains actually appears to be from the Early Devonian (
1476:
1446:
357:
562:
1501:
1496:
1408:
1225:
1296:
1197:
410:
Suarez, Stephanie E.; Brookfield, Michael E.; Catlos, Elizabeth J.; Stรถckli, Daniel F. (28 June 2017).
517:
1481:
1208:
555:
923:
108:
1301:
318:, a common root word in millipede nomenclature meaning "bond" or "bridge". The specific epithet
1283:
1275:
533:
498:
451:
433:
1392:
1335:
1288:
547:
1028:
525:
488:
478:
441:
423:
390:
353:
1323:
1056:
955:
795:
753:
722:
307:
291:
is distinct enough from other living and fossil millipedes to be placed in its own order,
1106:
1046:
1018:
973:
968:
843:
800:
741:
704:
446:
411:
1435:
1116:
1089:
1071:
866:
180:
67:
32:
1141:
1079:
963:
876:
785:
772:
267:
233:
529:
1248:
428:
987:
894:
871:
861:
838:
790:
666:
167:
42:
1380:
412:"A U-Pb zircon age constraint on the oldest-recorded air-breathing land animal"
1094:
1038:
824:
695:
649:
641:
395:
311:
276:
87:
52:
36:
537:
502:
437:
717:
612:
606:
600:
579:
271:
from same formation. It is originally considered that it is from the middle
155:
131:
92:
455:
1388:
1331:
1242:
272:
262:
255:
143:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
483:
470:
1262:
284:
97:
72:
493:
833:
594:
119:
1219:
372:
258:
1223:
939:
625:
551:
310:, a geological formation at Cowie Harbor, near the village of
265:, and is considered as earliest known land animals alongside
469:
Wellman, C.H.; Lopes, G.; McKellar, Z.; Hartley, A. (2023).
516:
Brookfield, M. E.; Catlos, E. J.; Garza, H. (7 July 2024).
358:
10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0169:MATOPM>2.0.CO;2
339:
337:
335:
1396:
1339:
375:
Early terrestrial animals, evolution and uncertainty
287:(modified legs used to insert sperm during mating).
1232:
1134:
1125:
1103:
1070:
1055:
1037:
1015:
986:
954:
885:
852:
822:
813:
771:
752:
734:
703:
694:
665:
640:
371:Russell Garwood & Gregory Edgecombe (2011).
1416:
1359:
563:
8:
314:, Scotland, where the fossil was found and
1423:
1409:
1366:
1352:
1220:
1131:
1067:
1012:
951:
947:
936:
819:
768:
764:
700:
691:
637:
633:
622:
570:
556:
548:
20:
492:
482:
445:
427:
394:
331:
7:
1377:
1375:
1320:
1318:
1193:
477:. The Geological Society of London.
1395:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1338:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
475:Journal of the Geological Society
382:Evolution: Education and Outreach
1379:
1322:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1170:
1165:
922:
1:
1462:Fossil taxa described in 2004
530:10.1080/08912963.2024.2367554
429:10.1371/journal.pone.0179262
1492:Prehistoric arthropod stubs
1452:Prehistoric myriapod genera
227:Wilson & Anderson, 2004
16:Extinct genus of millipedes
1518:
1374:
1317:
295:. The only known species,
1457:Extinct animals of Europe
1183:
1163:
950:
946:
935:
920:
767:
636:
632:
621:
589:
396:10.1007/s12052-011-0357-y
299:, was described in 2004.
239:
232:
109:Scientific classification
107:
23:
1487:History of Aberdeenshire
897:(flat-backed millipedes)
241:Cowiedesmus eroticopodus
725:(giant pill millipedes)
346:Journal of Paleontology
1391:-related article is a
1334:-related article is a
1061:(worm-like millipedes)
776:(suctorial millipedes)
758:(worm-like millipedes)
1297:Paleobiology Database
322:means "erotic foot".
652:(bristle-millipedes)
578:Orders of the class
1467:Fossils of Scotland
484:10.1144/jgs2023-138
1442:Silurian myriapods
522:Historical Biology
1472:Silurian Scotland
1404:
1403:
1347:
1346:
1330:This prehistoric
1312:
1311:
1284:Open Tree of Life
1226:Taxon identifiers
1217:
1216:
1179:
1178:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1063:
982:
981:
974:Microdecemplicida
931:
930:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
898:
809:
808:
778:
760:
748:
747:
726:
710:
708:(pill millipedes)
661:
660:
653:
583:
247:
246:
1509:
1477:2004 in Scotland
1447:Millipede genera
1425:
1418:
1411:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1326:
1319:
1305:
1304:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1221:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1188:List of families
1174:
1169:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1110:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1022:
1013:
969:Eoarthropleurida
952:
948:
937:
926:
896:
888:
855:
827:
820:
816:
777:
774:
769:
765:
759:
756:
737:
724:
723:Sphaerotheriida
709:
706:
701:
692:
651:
638:
634:
623:
581:
572:
565:
558:
549:
542:
541:
513:
507:
506:
496:
486:
466:
460:
459:
449:
431:
407:
401:
400:
398:
368:
362:
361:
341:
102:
39:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1373:
1372:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1228:
1218:
1213:
1175:
1145:
1135:
1126:
1121:
1104:
1099:
1060:
1058:
1057:Helminthomorpha
1051:
1033:
1029:Zosterogrammida
1016:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
978:
956:Arthropleuridea
942:
927:
902:
886:
881:
853:
848:
823:
814:
805:
796:Siphonocryptida
775:
757:
755:
754:Helminthomorpha
744:
735:
730:
707:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
657:
628:
617:
585:
576:
546:
545:
515:
514:
510:
468:
467:
463:
422:(6): e0179262.
409:
408:
404:
370:
369:
365:
343:
342:
333:
328:
308:Cowie Formation
306:references the
297:C. eroticopodus
261:described from
243:
228:
225:
224:
209:
196:
183:
170:
158:
146:
134:
122:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1502:Scotland stubs
1499:
1497:Myriapod stubs
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1327:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1254:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1200:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:incertae sedis
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1095:Palaeosomatida
1092:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1047:Amynilyspedida
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:incertae sedis
1010:
984:
983:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
966:
964:Arthropleurida
960:
958:
944:
943:
940:
933:
932:
929:
928:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:
900:
891:
889:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
856:
850:
849:
847:
846:
844:Spirostreptida
841:
836:
830:
828:
817:
811:
810:
807:
806:
804:
803:
801:Siphonophorida
798:
793:
788:
782:
780:
762:
750:
749:
746:
745:
742:Glomeridesmida
740:
738:
732:
731:
729:
728:
720:
714:
712:
698:
689:
663:
662:
659:
658:
656:
655:
646:
644:
630:
629:
626:
619:
618:
616:
615:
609:
603:
597:
590:
587:
586:
577:
575:
574:
567:
560:
552:
544:
543:
508:
461:
402:
389:(3): 489โ501.
363:
352:(1): 169โ184.
330:
329:
327:
324:
254:is an extinct
245:
244:
237:
236:
230:
229:
226:
217:
215:
211:
210:
204:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:
185:
184:
178:
176:
172:
171:
166:
164:
160:
159:
154:
152:
148:
147:
142:
140:
136:
135:
130:
128:
124:
123:
118:
116:
112:
111:
105:
104:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1514:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1144:(superfamily)
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1072:Archipolypoda
1069:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
985:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
938:
934:
925:
899:
893:
892:
890:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
867:Chordeumatida
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
851:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
826:
821:
818:
812:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
773:Colobognatha
770:
766:
763:
761:
751:
743:
739:
733:
727:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
711:
705:Oniscomorpha
702:
699:
697:
693:
690:
688:
664:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
620:
614:
610:
608:
604:
602:
598:
596:
592:
591:
588:
584:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
554:
553:
550:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
509:
504:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
476:
472:
465:
462:
457:
453:
448:
443:
439:
435:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
403:
397:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
376:
367:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
338:
336:
332:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
257:
253:
252:
242:
238:
235:
231:
223:
222:
216:
213:
212:
208:
207:Cowiedesmidae
203:
200:
199:
195:
190:
187:
186:
182:
181:Archipolypoda
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
153:
150:
149:
145:
141:
138:
137:
133:
129:
126:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:
110:
106:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
34:
26:
22:
19:
1397:expanding it
1386:
1340:expanding it
1329:
1314:
1233:
1142:Xyloiuloidea
1117:Pleurojulida
1105:
1090:Euphoberiida
1085:Cowiedesmida
1084:
1080:Archidesmida
1017:
895:Polydesmida
872:Siphoniulida
786:Platydesmida
736:Limacomorpha
599:Superphylum
582:(millipedes)
521:
511:
474:
464:
419:
415:
405:
386:
380:
374:
366:
349:
345:
320:eroticopodus
319:
315:
303:
301:
296:
293:Cowiedesmida
292:
289:Coweiedesmus
288:
280:
268:Pneumodesmus
266:
250:
249:
248:
240:
234:Type species
220:
219:
206:
194:Cowiedesmida
193:
175:Superorder:
24:
18:
1234:Cowiedesmus
877:Stemmiulida
862:Callipodida
854:Nematophora
839:Spirobolida
791:Polyzoniida
650:Polyxenida
642:Penicillata
304:Cowiedesmus
281:Cowiedesmus
251:Cowiedesmus
221:Cowiedesmus
168:Chilognatha
139:Subphylum:
25:Cowiedesmus
1482:Stonehaven
1436:Categories
1209:Millipedes
1136:Juliformia
1039:Pentazonia
825:Juliformia
696:Pentazonia
611:Subphylum
607:Arthropoda
580:Diplopoda
494:2164/22754
326:References
312:Stonehaven
277:Lochkovian
163:Subclass:
132:Arthropoda
37:Lochkovian
1249:Q17511579
1198:Diplopoda
887:Merocheta
718:Glomerida
613:Myriapoda
601:Ecdysozoa
538:0891-2963
503:0016-7649
438:1932-6203
302:The name
256:millipede
156:Diplopoda
144:Myriapoda
115:Kingdom:
1389:Scotland
1332:myriapod
1243:Wikidata
1127:Eugnatha
815:Eugnatha
595:Animalia
593:Kingdom
524:: 1โ13.
456:28658320
416:PLOS ONE
285:gonopods
273:Silurian
263:Scotland
201:Family:
127:Phylum:
120:Animalia
1289:4704484
1276:1225054
1263:4641084
941:Extinct
605:Phylum
447:5489152
214:Genus:
188:Order:
151:Class:
33:Wenlock
1302:294450
1207:
834:Julida
627:Living
536:
501:
454:
444:
436:
316:desmus
1387:This
1271:IRMNG
259:genus
1393:stub
1336:stub
1258:GBIF
534:ISSN
499:ISSN
452:PMID
434:ISSN
43:Pre๊
526:doi
489:hdl
479:doi
442:PMC
424:doi
391:doi
354:doi
1438::
1299::
1286::
1273::
1260::
1245::
532:.
520:.
497:.
487:.
473:.
450:.
440:.
432:.
420:12
418:.
414:.
385:.
379:.
350:78
348:.
334:^
93:Pg
1424:e
1417:t
1410:v
1399:.
1367:e
1360:t
1353:v
1342:.
1008:a
1006:h
1004:t
1002:a
1000:n
998:g
996:o
994:l
992:i
990:h
988:C
687:a
685:h
683:t
681:a
679:n
677:g
675:o
673:l
671:i
669:h
667:C
571:e
564:t
557:v
540:.
528::
505:.
491::
481::
458:.
426::
399:.
393::
387:4
377:"
373:"
360:.
356::
218:โ
205:โ
192:โ
179:โ
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:๊
35:/
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