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Both Dublin and Cork city councils were so removed. In both cities, there was a body of opinion that the services provided by the councils were delivered more efficiently and fairly under the commissioners than under the previous system, where the executive function had been, in effect, vested in the
514:
form. Since it relies on candidates being elected at-large, minority populations are often unable to elect candidates of their choice. In addition, it may concentrate too much power in individual commissioners, who also manage city departments. The council–manager form became the preferred
570:
In 1926, a committee of commercial and industrial interests in Cork came together to consider a scheme of city government. Having regard to the city's experience of commissioners and recent experience in the United States a council–manager plan of city government was proposed.
422:
All governmental authority rests with the council or other elected body, except for certain executive or administrative duties that are assigned to the manager. However, the manager always is employed at the pleasure of the elected
403:" present in this type of legislative body is a largely ceremonial title, and may be selected by the council from among its members or elected as an at-large council member with no executive functions, similar to a non-executive
449:
The concept of the council–manager form of government was a product of a confluence of the prevailing modes of thought during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Probably the foremost influence was the
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468:, is credited as the first American city to appoint a city manager, which it did in 1908. This appointment attracted attention to the fledgling profession and caught the eye of
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411:
298:
42:
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After discussion between the minister for local government and local representatives, the minister, Richard
Mulcahy, introduced as a government measure, the
563:(1921–1923), the Irish government found it necessary to remove the members of several local authorities and replace them temporarily by paid commissioners.
650:
Svara, James H. (21 October 2008). "Strengthening Local
Government Leadership and Performance: Reexamining and Updating the Winter Commission Goals".
712:
529:
Since the turn of the 21st century, there have been studies about hybrid forms of local governments that take elements of both council–manager and
433:
The manager must be responsible to, hired by, and can be dismissed only by the entire council, not one individual, such as a mayor or chairperson.
89:
472:, who would become known as the "father" of the council–manager form of government. The first large city to adopt the council–manager form was
61:
542:
291:
68:
454:; following along the thought lines of the movement, the municipal reformers of that time wanted to rid municipalities of the pervasive "
395:
to oversee the administrative operations, implement its policies, and advise it. The manager position is similar to that of a corporate
1002:
768:
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891:
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in that county, but since the 1990s, has the power to delegate these functions to any other officer of that borough or town council.
108:
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forms. The cities that have modified their organizational structure from one of the pure forms have been called "adaptive" forms.
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enacted similar provision for Dublin City in 1930. Similar laws were passed for
Limerick in 1934 and Waterford in 1939 under the
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57:
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46:
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for city managers, has listed at least three defining characteristics that distinguish a true council–manager government:
530:
519:, few cities adopted the commission form and many cities using the commission plan switched to the council–manager form.
148:
510:
The council–manager form of government developed, at least in part, as a response to some perceived limitations of the
484:
462:. The thought was to have a politically impartial administrator or manager to carry out the administrative function.
827:
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35:
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By 2001 there were 3,302 cities with a population over 2,500 and 371 counties using the council–manager system.
82:
351:; this manager can be replaced by a simple majority at any time. It is used in roughly 40% of American cities.
426:
The manager is allocated their functions in codified form by the city charter or other law, not assigned them
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cities with populations of 2,500 or more, according to the 2011 Municipal
Yearbook published by ICMA.
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The above acts have been replaced since that time, in substantially the same form, by the
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Executive leader and executive committees elected by the council from among themselves
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24:
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City
Executives: Leadership Roles, Work Characteristics, and Time Management.
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824:"Staunton, Virginia: Birthplace of the Council Manager Form of Government"
608:
The system was modified also in subsequent legislation, particularly the
368:
811:
The Rise of the City
Manager: A Public Professional in Local Government.
987:
598:
232:
376:
359:
The council-manager system is similar to the typical governance of a
324:
919:; Karuppusamy, Shanthi (July 2008). "The Adapted Cities Framework".
578:
and it became law despite opposition. The minister proposed and the
400:
155:
602:
477:
363:. Under the form, an elected governing body, usually called a
18:
241:
Executive leader elected by the council from among themselves
387:, and developing an overall vision, similar to a corporate
790:
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organizing for the city manager plan also prioritized
593:, which was brought into operation in August 1942, a
399:
appointed by a board of directors. The position of "
616:, which provided for the council–manager system in
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
960:"Taking Stock of the Council-Manager Form at 100"
620:once detached for local government purposes from
983:International City/County Management Association
412:International City/County Management Association
343:. In the council-manager government, an elected
847:Ammons, David N. and Charldean Newell. (1989).
610:City and County Management (Amendment) Act 1955
437:This system of government is used in 40.1% of
958:Svara, James H.; Nelson, Kimberly L. (2008).
292:
8:
879:, s.v. "COMMISSION FORM OF CITY GOVERNMENT,"
813:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
678:"Cities 101 — Forms of Municipal Government"
1013:Local government in the Republic of Ireland
805:
803:
794:
779:
458:" form of government and the abuses of the
218:Citizens vote on policy, officers, and laws
158:elected by the people, elected legislative
978:City Mayors feature on US council managers
515:alternative for progressive reform. After
299:
285:
198:Elected commission enacts laws and governs
120:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
642:
391:. The council or commission appoints a
371:, or similar title, is responsible for
131:
1008:Local government in the United States
543:Council Manager (Republic of Ireland)
249:Executive mayor elected by the people
7:
703:
701:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
826:. City of Staunton. Archived from
537:History in the Republic of Ireland
347:hires a manager to serve as chief
14:
894:. City of Phoenix. Archived from
733:Local Government Management, ICMA
177:hired by the elected City Council
664:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00977.x
268:
23:
567:councils and their committees.
375:functions such as establishing
34:needs additional citations for
576:Cork City Management Bill 1929
1:
851:State University of NY Press.
809:Stillman, Richard J. (1974).
337:New Zealand regional councils
861:Barber, Kathleen L. (1995).
692:"Council-manager government"
652:Public Administration Review
445:History in the United States
58:"Council–manager government"
745:"ICMA information brochure"
485:proportional representation
361:publicly traded corporation
1029:
591:County Management Act 1940
540:
512:city commission government
313:council–manager government
187:Executive and legislature
142:Executive and legislature
1003:Forms of local government
892:"From the Mayor's Office"
709:"2011 Municipal Yearbook"
630:Local Government Act 2001
614:Local Government Act 1985
557:Irish War of Independence
547:Following the turmoil of
416:professional organization
246:Elected mayor and cabinet
933:10.1177/1078087407311396
881:(accessed May 26, 2009).
877:Handbook of Texas Online
769:ICMA forms of government
597:is the manager of every
16:Form of local government
795:Svara & Nelson 2008
780:Svara & Nelson 2008
397:chief executive officer
341:Canadian municipalities
209:Direct democratic forms
229:Executive arrangements
988:National Civic League
559:(1919–1921), and the
966:. August 2008: 6–15.
921:Urban Affairs Review
830:on November 20, 2005
452:Progressive Movement
43:improve this article
275:Politics portal
680:. 21 October 2016.
466:Staunton, Virginia
407:in a corporation.
389:board of directors
319:commonly used for
237:Leader and cabinet
964:Public Management
865:. pp. 59–60.
551:(1914–1918), the
487:with adoption in
470:Richard S. Childs
456:political machine
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952:Bibliography
924:
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900:. Retrieved
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832:. Retrieved
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586:government.
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481:Progressives
474:Dayton, Ohio
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393:city manager
365:city council
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345:city council
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214:Town meeting
175:city manager
167:
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160:City council
152:
124:Part of the
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
658:: S37–S49.
618:Galway City
584:Fianna Fáil
553:1916 rising
549:World War I
517:World War I
476:, in 1913.
430:by a mayor.
405:chairperson
373:legislative
367:, board of
997:Categories
902:2008-09-04
834:2008-11-11
755:2009-12-19
719:2019-01-03
637:References
589:Under the
580:Oireachtas
493:Cincinnati
414:(ICMA), a
379:, passing
173:Executive
154:Executive
99:March 2014
69:newspapers
941:153593604
497:Cleveland
489:Ashtabula
383:, voting
349:executive
339:, and in
501:Hamilton
439:American
369:aldermen
355:Overview
325:counties
144:separate
599:borough
333:Ireland
327:in the
233:England
83:scholar
939:
555:, the
505:Toledo
503:, and
428:ad hoc
377:policy
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
937:S2CID
423:body.
401:mayor
335:, in
189:fused
156:mayor
90:JSTOR
76:books
603:town
478:Ohio
410:The
331:and
323:and
311:The
62:news
929:doi
660:doi
601:or
231:in
45:by
999::
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925:43
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