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when he referred to the famous mercury barometer experiment on Puy-de-Dome in 1648. This experiment settled the question: Was there some natural resistance to the creation of an apparently empty space at the top of the tube, or was the height of the mercury determined solely by the weight of the air?
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The production of such an experiment is considered necessary for a particular hypothesis or theory to be considered an established part of the body of scientific knowledge. It is not unusual in the history of science for theories to be developed fully before producing a critical experiment. A given
162:
is superior to all other hypotheses or theories whose acceptance is currently widespread in the scientific community. In particular, such an experiment must typically be able to produce a result that rules out all other hypotheses or theories if true, thereby demonstrating that under the conditions
418:, the fact that DNA was a double helix enabled the discoverers, Francis Crick and James Watson, to suggest that one strand of the double helix could serve as the template for the second strand, as the second strand was being duplicated. This explained the
749:
Depalma, Robert A.; Smit, Jan; Burnham, David A.; Kuiper, Klaudia; Manning, Phillip L.; Oleinik, Anton; Larson, Peter; Maurrasse, Florentin J.; Vellekoop, Johan; Richards, Mark A.; Gurche, Loren; Alvarez, Walter (2019).
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theory which is in accordance with known experiment but which has not yet produced a critical experiment is typically considered worthy of exploration in order to discover such an experimental test.
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In some cases, a proposed theory can account for existing anomalous experimental results for which no other existing theory can furnish an explanation. An example would be the ability of the
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could not predict. Such cases are not considered strong enough to fully establish a new theory, however, and in the case of quantum mechanics, it took the confirmation of the theory through
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predicted a bright spot in the center of the shadow of a perfectly circular object, a result that could not be explained by the (then current) particle theory of light. An experiment by
834:
William L. Reese, The "Experimentum Crucis" In Locke's
Doctrine of Abstraction, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Jun., 1961, Vol. 21, No. 4 (Jun., 1961), pp. 490-500.
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678:
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Lorne
Falkenstein, Dualism And The Experimentum Crucis, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, JULY, 2016, Vol. 93, No. 1 (JULY, 2016), pp. 212-217.
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53:
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J. A. Lohne, Experimentum Crucis, Notes and
Records of the Royal Society of London, Dec., 1968, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Dec., 1968), pp. 169-199
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Lorne
Falkenstein, reviewing Van Cleve expands the discussion of Experimentum crucis to the more general philosophical realm of
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published in 1915. Eddington's observations were considered to be the first solid evidence in favor of
Einstein's theory.
221:, denoting the deliberate creation of such a situation for the purpose of testing the rival theories, was later coined by
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University of
California - Berkeley: (29 March 2019) 66-million-year-old deathbed linked to dinosaur-killing meteor
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There's an emerging scholarship extending understanding and evaluation of experiments that fit into this category.
524:) which were found at the site (the Tanis Konservat-Lagerstätte) served as the conclusive witness, as cited in
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first described the concept of a situation in which one theory but not others would hold true, using the name
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Book iii, Proposition 43, General
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528:. Based on the dating of the Tanis, the event occurred 65.76 million years ago (± 0.15 My).
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and for the same "input variables" within the experiment), those hypotheses and theories are
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Isaac Newton performing his crucial prism experiment – the 'experimentum crucis' – in his
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the production of macromolecules in the cell, and which led to its application in
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752:"A seismically induced onshore surge deposit at the KPG boundary, North Dakota"
715:
What Is Life?: investigating the nature of life in the age of synthetic biology
555:
435:
370:
319:, or "Poisson's bright spot", which led to the acceptance of the wave theory.
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155:
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The invention of science : a new history of the scientific revolution
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deposits (a rare element on Earth). In this case, the existence of a
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layer raining down upon the multiple intermixed species (including a
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335:
159:
701:
The
Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method
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An early indicator of a theory of
Experimentum Crucis appears in
427:
280:, to prove that sunlight consists of rays that differ in their
415:
350:). The observation of star positions confirmed predictions of
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capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular
29:
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in choosing one hypothesis or theory over its rivals, is the
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First Book, Part I, Proposition II, Theorem II, Experiment 6
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was previously hypothesized from the global existence of
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the discovery of the significance of the structure of DNA
295:
bedroom. Acrylic painting by Sascha
Grusche (17 Dec 2015)
182:
An opposite view, rejecting the decisive value of the
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predictions for the theory to gain full acceptance.
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in 1919 to record the positions of stars around the
315:
showed the existence of this effect, now called the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
641:(First U.S. ed.). New York, NY. p. 311.
756:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
422:, how the structure of DNA could serve as the
244:was the first person to hail an experiment as
848:https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48579468
544:'s 1620 Instantie Crucis through the various
299:A 19th-century example was the prediction by
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377:, an experimental result that the existing
322:A famous example in the 20th century of an
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484:In the 21st century, the discovery of the
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637:Wootton, David, 1952- (8 December 2015).
192:Pierre Duhem § Philosophy of science
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
540:tracks the development of the idea from
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551:experiments and discussions of 1722.
498:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
373:in 1900, to account for the observed
266:of the motion of the planets. In his
169:under the same external circumstances
7:
836:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2105018
807:
805:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
824:https://www.jstor.org/stable/530985
175:but the experimenter's hypothesis
25:
588:Cross-validation (disambiguation)
581:in logic, the formal basis of an
492:of North Dakota, proved that the
438:serve to encode the sequence of
307:mathematical analysis, that the
34:
408:§List of experiments in biology
400:§Context for crucial experiment
45:needs additional citations for
496:(now known as the KPg, or the
272:, Newton describes an optical
262:(1687) presents a disproof of
1:
532:Theory of Experimentum Crucis
360:general theory of relativity
882:
500:) was the same event (the
477:
470:, among other industries.
326:was the expedition led by
225:and then famously used by
488:, a killing field in the
402:in the discovery of the
392:DNA, experimentum crucis
264:Descartes' vortex theory
777:10.1073/pnas.1817407116
719:Oxford University Press
560:Doctrine of Abstraction
504:) which killed off the
697:William Stanley Jevons
296:
693:Principia Mathematica
691:Isaac Newton (1687),
352:gravitational lensing
290:
69:"Experimentum crucis"
598:Material conditional
490:Hell Creek formation
348:Eddington experiment
309:wave theory of light
54:improve this article
768:2019PNAS..116.8190D
583:experimentum crucis
480:Tanis (fossil site)
452:genetic engineering
375:black-body spectrum
324:experimentum crucis
282:index of refraction
274:experimentum crucis
246:experimentum crucis
219:experimentum crucis
184:experimentum crucis
163:of the experiment (
148:critical experiment
135:experimentum crucis
27:Critical experiment
18:Critical experiment
382:Rayleigh–Jeans law
367:quantum hypothesis
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188:Duhem–Quine thesis
144:crucial experiment
866:Scientific method
762:(17): 8190–8199.
728:978-0-19-538341-6
648:978-0-06-175952-9
608:Scientific method
486:Tanis fossil site
474:Tanis fossil site
448:synthetic biology
434:), in which four
404:§structure of DNA
293:Woolsthorpe Manor
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567:Property dualism
502:Chicxulub impact
328:Arthur Eddington
214:instantia crucis
177:is not ruled out
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132:In science, an
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52:Please help
47:verification
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613:Smoking gun
538:J. A. Lohne
522:Triceratops
444:to catalyze
436:nucleotides
303:, based on
190:; see also
110:August 2017
717:. Oxford:
556:John Locke
371:Max Planck
317:Arago spot
156:hypothesis
152:experiment
80:newspapers
665:cite book
657:883146361
506:dinosaurs
456:forensics
424:mechanism
379:classical
342:during a
305:Fresnel's
860:Category
796:30936306
699:(1874),
573:See also
464:genomics
426:for the
354:made by
237:Examples
150:) is an
787:6486721
764:Bibcode
703:p. 517.
514:iridium
508:. This
442:needed
440:enzymes
358:in the
301:Poisson
276:in the
269:Opticks
252:In his
205:in his
198:History
140:English
94:scholar
794:
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603:Q.E.D.
549:optics
406:, and
336:Africa
160:theory
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624:Notes
546:prism
454:, in
450:, in
430:(the
346:(see
101:JSTOR
87:books
792:PMID
723:ISBN
679:link
675:link
671:link
653:OCLC
643:ISBN
466:and
428:gene
398:See
165:i.e.
73:news
782:PMC
772:doi
760:116
558:'s
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386:new
340:Sun
334:in
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