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61:. Although the distinction between torture and CIDT is maintained from a legal point of view, medical and psychological studies have found that it does not exist from the psychological point of view, and people subjected to CIDT will experience the same consequences as survivors of torture. Based on this research, some practitioners have recommended abolishing the distinction.
119:) in its Article 7 expressly prohibits the medical or scientific experimentation without free consent of its subject(s) and recognizes it as a particular form of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Moreover the Article 4.2 of the ICCPR expressly prohibits derogation from this prohibition in its Article 7 and thus is directly establishing it as
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in this sense making the non-consensual medical or scientific experimentation potentially punishable under the provisions of national penal codes concerning the crimes of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment in all countries which are parties of the ICCPR and the
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treatment. Whether treatment is considered degrading is dependent on several factors, including the duration of the treatment; physical and mental effects on the victim; and the victim's age, race, sex, and vulnerabilities.
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Frouville, O. (2011). "The Influence of the European Court of Human Rights' Case Law on International Criminal Law of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment".
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Davis, Michael (2005). "The Moral
Justifiability of Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment".
545:"Article 3: Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment | Equality and Human Rights Commission"
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Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment".
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Medical or scientific experimentation without the free consent of the subject
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Başoğlu, Metin; Livanou, Maria; Crnobarić, Cvetana (1 March 2007).
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Psychological
Torture: Definition, Evaluation and Measurement
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The Oxford
Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict
140:"On Torture, or Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment"
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physical or psychological abuse in a healthcare setting
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Law and
Inequality: A Journal of Theory and Practice
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International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights
33:(CIDT) is treatment of persons which is contrary to
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177:Archives of General Psychiatry
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308:Punishment & Society
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585:-related article is a
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