358:. Both he and Xiao thought that the realm had been permanently pacified after Emperor Xianzong's campaigns against warlords, which destroyed many warlords and caused others to agree to follow imperial orders. He and Xiao submitted a proposal that secret orders be sent to each army, ordering them to reduce armies by forced attrition — such that each army was required to reduce its size by 8% each year by desertions or death. As Emperor Muzong, new to the throne, was spent much of his time in drinking and feasting, he did not see the problems with this proposal and approved it. The soldiers removed from army ranks as a result gathered as bandits as a result, and later, when Lulong (盧龍, headquartered in modern
463:, and Li Shen, all agreed with Duan. Emperor Muzong thus ordered a reexamination, while demoting Qian, Li Zongmin, and Yang Rushi, along with 10 examinees who passed based on perceived influence. When Qian's friends subsequently suggested that he submit Duan's and Li Shen's letters trying to influence the examinations to the emperor to show that they were the ones trying to influence results, Qian, who believed that revealing these private letters was inappropriate, burned them. (This was considered a precipitating event to a partisan struggle among Tang officials later known as the
214:. Duan Wenchang, along with several other members of Liu's staff, wore mourning clothes and met Gao to ask for forgiveness. Gao treated them with respect and released them, recommending several of them for promotions, but stated to Duan, "You, sir, will one day be a major general or chancellor. I do not dare to recommend you."
558:
In 832, Duan was moved back to
Xichuan Circuit. In 835, when the imperial eunuch was at Xichuan to deliver new spring uniforms for the soldiers, Duan attended the ceremony for the eunuch to read the imperial edict, and died at the ceremony after the edict was read, without apparent illness. He was
378:
respectively in 821 (by which time Xiao was no longer chancellor), the former soldiers joined Lulong and
Chengde forces in droves, and as they were experienced soldiers and the soldiers that the imperial armies were forced to gather quickly in response were inexperienced, the Lulong and Chengde
390:. Duan also was trying to affect the situation on Wang's behalf. Xiao opposed Wang's ascension, and when Emperor Muzong would not listen to Xiao, Xiao resigned. Shortly thereafter, Duan also offered to resign, and he was made the military governor of Xichuan, while Wang was kept at the capital
415:), one of the officials in charge of the examinations that season, but once the results were published, the examinees that Duan and Li Shen recommended did not pass, while those who passed included the several relatives of other officials —
285:, who did not have a friendly relationship with Wu, opposed Emperor Xianzong's previous proposal to make Duan an imperial scholar; only after Wei's removal in 816 was Duan made imperial scholar with the support of the new chancellor
547:. As many of his ancestors were buried at Jingnan, he also built a new ancestral shrine, and he often offered sacrifices to his ancestors as well as presenting dances and music to them, in contravention to the usual
455:). Duan complained to Emperor Muzong that the examinations that year were not fair. When Emperor Muzong consulted imperial scholars, several imperial scholars who were political enemies of Li Zongmin, including
577:
379:
forces eventually prevailed over imperial forces despite a major numerical disadvantage — with Lulong and
Chengde having less than 20,000 soldiers combined and the imperial forces numbering 150,000.
301:. It was said that the very same day that Emperor Muzong took the throne, he summoned Duan Wenchang, along with two scholars that attended to Emperor Muzong's studies while he was
354:
While serving as chancellor with Xiao, both Xiao and Duan were blamed for a major policy misstep that cost the imperial government its control over the region north of the
578:
http://dbo.sinica.edu.tw/ftms-bin/kiwi1/luso.sh?lstype=2&dyna=%AD%F0&king=%A4%E5%A9v&reign=%A4%D3%A9M&yy=9&ycanzi=&mm=2&dd=&dcanzi=%A4A%A4x
908:
903:
898:
893:
562:
It was said that after Duan became prominent, he spent much wealth on clothes, decorations, singing boys, and prostitutes, and was much criticized for this.
470:
Meanwhile, because Duan was familiar with the customs of the
Xichuan people, it was said that he governed with lenience and decisiveness, and that the non-
938:
543:). As Duan's ancestors had kept mansions in both Jingnan and Xichuan, he bought those mansions back from current owners and converted them into
913:
733:
Wei served as military governor of
Xichuan from 785 to 805, so his inviting Duan to serve on staff must have been during that period. See
948:
943:
928:
159:). Duan Wenchang, in his youth, became known for his integrity and righteousness, and while this was known by the military governor (
317:), for a meeting. When Emperor Muzong initially wanted to make Xue and Ding chancellors, they declined, and instead, Duan was made
923:
716:
Pei served as military governor of
Jingnan from 792 to 803, so his knowing about Duan must have been during that period. See
669:
85:
119:
867:
863:
859:
855:
815:
796:
780:
759:
918:
594:
652:
464:
184:
933:
487:
203:
843:
831:
738:
704:
633:
516:
401:
Shortly after Duan was sent to
Xichuan, a major scandal broke over high-level officials' influence over the
387:
115:
101:
721:
298:
89:
394:
to serve as the minister of justice and director of salt and iron monopolies. He continued to carry the
523:). Soon thereafter, he was made the military governor of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
402:
383:
478:
attacked Tang territory, Duan sent an emissary and was able to persuade
Nanzhao forces to withdraw.
386:, was making many attempts in official circles to become chancellor, including bribing the powerful
888:
883:
475:
218:
207:
838:
826:
646:
589:
552:
78:
37:
210:
rebelled against imperial rule, but was soon defeated and captured by the imperial general
143:
By Duan
Wenchang's time, his family, although originally from Qi Prefecture (齊州, in modern
544:
21:
850:
754:
26:
449:), brother to the other official in charge of the examinations that year, Yang Rushi (
877:
171:) and Pei respected him for this, Pei did not invite him to serve on staff. However,
45:
490:, Duan Wenchang was recalled to Chang'an to serve as the minister of justice (刑部尚書,
673:
375:
363:
355:
302:
211:
165:) of the region, Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou), Pei Zhou (
111:
81:
17:
289:.) In 819, Duan was further given the responsibility of drafting imperial edicts.
471:
391:
282:
278:
409:
had submitted a list of examinees that they hoped would be passed to Qian Hui (
434:
420:
371:
548:
460:
416:
348:
286:
191:
559:
given posthumous honors, and he left a 30-volume collection of his works.
656:
536:
524:
222:
161:
152:
148:
114:
rule, and thus received two great honors — being buried near the tomb of
535:. In 830, he was moved to Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern
528:
456:
406:
359:
187:
180:
176:
172:
225:
County. He was soon thereafter made an imperial censor with the title
183:) heard about him and invited him to serve on staff. While the future
175:
the military governor of
Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern
424:
515:
After Emperor Jingzong died in 826 and was succeeded by his brother
382:
In spring 821, it was said that then-military governor of Xichuan,
134:) served as a prefectural military advisor; and his father Duan E (
540:
367:
297:
In spring 820, Emperor Xianzong died and was succeeded by his son
156:
474:
people around the circuit respected and feared him. In 822, when
128:) served as a county magistrate; his grandfather Duan Huaichang (
508:), one of the Secretaries General of the executive bureau (尚書省,
144:
194:), a part of Xichuan Circuit, he and Duan had correspondences.
486:
After Emperor Muzong died in 824 and was succeeded by his son
277:
as well. (As Duan was a son-in-law to the deceased chancellor
245:), a consultant at the examination bureau of government (門下省,
190:
was serving as the prefect of Zhong Prefecture (忠州, in modern
110:) was one of the major contributors to the establishment of
263:). In 816, he was made an imperial scholar with the title
217:
Meanwhile, in 807, Li Jifu became chancellor. Both he and
482:
During Emperor Jingzong's and Emperor Wenzong's reigns
405:
results that year. Both Duan and the imperial scholar
259:), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部,
221:
recommended Duan, and Duan was made the magistrate of
151:), had been living at Jing Prefecture (荊州, in modern
100:Duan Wenchang was born in 773, during the reign of
494:). He was later made minister of defense (兵部尚書,
202:In 806, by which time Emperor Dezong's grandson
327:), the deputy head of the legislative bureau (
519:, Duan was made chief imperial censor (御史大夫,
503:
450:
444:
438:
428:
410:
342:
328:
322:
312:
306:
268:
254:
240:
230:
166:
135:
129:
123:
105:
72:
62:
52:
8:
531:), carrying an honorary chancellor title of
481:
370:) Circuits rebelled under the leadership of
118:and having his portrait being one of the 24
104:. His great-great-grandfather Duan Zhixuan (
362:) and Chengde (成德, headquartered in modern
807:
805:
772:
770:
768:
749:
747:
909:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Jingnan Circuit
904:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Huainan Circuit
899:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xichuan Circuit
894:Chancellors under Emperor Muzong of Tang
625:
623:
696:
694:
692:
690:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
570:
7:
140:) served as a prefectural prefect.
122:. His great-grandfather Duan Guan (
14:
533:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
396:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
339:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
206:was emperor, Wei Gao's successor
939:Tang dynasty generals from Hubei
555:, and therefore was criticized.
273:), while keeping his office as
198:During Emperor Xianzong's reign
1:
293:During Emperor Muzong's reign
120:Portraits at Lingyan Pavilion
398:title as an honorary title.
914:Chinese non-fiction writers
965:
465:Niu-Li Factional Struggles
337:chancellor with the title
77:), was an official of the
15:
949:9th-century Chinese poets
944:8th-century Chinese poets
929:Politicians from Jingzhou
653:"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十五‧表第十五"
504:
451:
445:
439:
429:
411:
343:
329:
323:
313:
307:
269:
255:
241:
231:
167:
136:
130:
124:
106:
73:
63:
53:
41:
437:'s son-in-law Su Chao (
44:; 773 – April 1, 835),
924:Tang dynasty Buddhists
498:), as well as acting
292:
249:). He was later made
197:
566:Notes and references
443:); and Yang Yinshi (
403:imperial examination
311:) and Ding Gongzhu (
88:during the reign of
57:), alternative name
919:Tang dynasty poets
500:Shangshu Zuo Cheng
427:'s son Pei Zhuan (
84:, who served as a
281:, the chancellor
956:
934:Poets from Hubei
839:New Book of Tang
827:Old Book of Tang
819:
809:
800:
790:
784:
774:
763:
751:
742:
735:Old Book of Tang
731:
725:
718:Old Book of Tang
714:
708:
701:New Book of Tang
698:
685:
684:
682:
681:
672:. Archived from
667:
665:
664:
655:. Archived from
647:New Book of Tang
643:
637:
630:Old Book of Tang
627:
598:
590:Old Book of Tang
586:
580:
575:
553:ancestor worship
545:Buddhist temples
507:
506:
488:Emperor Jingzong
454:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:
432:
431:
414:
413:
346:
345:
332:
331:
326:
325:
319:Zhongshu Shilang
316:
315:
310:
309:
275:Cibu Yuanwailang
272:
271:
258:
257:
251:Cibu Yuanwailang
244:
243:
234:
233:
204:Emperor Xianzong
170:
169:
139:
138:
133:
132:
127:
126:
109:
108:
76:
75:
67:), formally the
66:
65:
56:
55:
43:
964:
963:
959:
958:
957:
955:
954:
953:
874:
873:
822:
810:
803:
791:
787:
775:
766:
752:
745:
732:
728:
715:
711:
699:
688:
679:
677:
670:"新唐書-宰相世系五(段氏)"
668:
662:
660:
651:
644:
640:
628:
601:
595:vol. 17, part 2
587:
583:
576:
572:
568:
517:Emperor Wenzong
496:Bingbu Shangshu
492:Xingbu Shangshu
484:
295:
200:
116:Emperor Taizong
102:Emperor Daizong
98:
69:Duke of Zouping
31:
12:
11:
5:
962:
960:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
876:
875:
872:
871:
851:Zizhi Tongjian
847:
835:
821:
820:
812:Zizhi Tongjian
801:
793:Zizhi Tongjian
785:
777:Zizhi Tongjian
764:
755:Zizhi Tongjian
743:
726:
709:
686:
638:
599:
581:
569:
567:
564:
510:Shangshu Sheng
483:
480:
347:), along with
299:Emperor Muzong
294:
291:
199:
196:
97:
94:
90:Emperor Muzong
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
961:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
841:
840:
836:
833:
829:
828:
824:
823:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
727:
723:
719:
713:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
693:
691:
687:
676:on 2009-12-20
675:
671:
659:on 2009-12-19
658:
654:
649:
648:
642:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
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546:
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530:
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493:
489:
479:
477:
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468:
466:
462:
458:
436:
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418:
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369:
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361:
357:
352:
350:
340:
336:
320:
304:
300:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
266:
265:Hanlin Xueshi
262:
252:
248:
238:
228:
227:Jiancha Yushi
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
195:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
121:
117:
113:
103:
95:
93:
91:
87:
83:
80:
70:
60:
50:
47:
46:courtesy name
39:
35:
34:Duan Wenchang
29:
28:
23:
19:
849:
837:
825:
811:
792:
788:
776:
753:
734:
729:
717:
712:
700:
678:. Retrieved
674:the original
661:. Retrieved
657:the original
645:
641:
629:
588:
584:
573:
561:
557:
532:
520:
514:
509:
499:
495:
491:
485:
469:
400:
395:
381:
376:Wang Tingcou
364:Shijiazhuang
356:Yellow River
353:
338:
334:
318:
305:, Xue Fang (
303:Crown Prince
296:
274:
264:
260:
250:
247:Menxia Sheng
246:
236:
226:
216:
212:Gao Chongwen
201:
160:
142:
99:
82:Tang dynasty
68:
58:
48:
33:
32:
25:
18:Chinese name
551:customs of
521:Yushi Daifu
419:'s brother
283:Wei Guanzhi
279:Wu Yuanheng
22:family name
889:835 deaths
884:773 births
878:Categories
680:2009-04-30
663:2010-02-07
650:, vol. 75.
435:Li Zongmin
421:Zheng Lang
372:Zhu Kerong
185:chancellor
96:Background
86:chancellor
549:Confucian
461:Yuan Zhen
417:Zheng Tan
349:Xiao Mian
287:Li Fengji
237:Zuo Bujue
192:Chongqing
854:, vols.
832:vol. 167
816:vol. 244
797:vol. 242
781:vol. 241
760:vol. 237
739:vol. 158
634:vol. 167
537:Jingzhou
525:Yangzhou
392:Chang'an
344:同中書門下平章事
335:de facto
235:), then
223:Dengfeng
162:Jiedushi
153:Jingzhou
149:Shandong
16:In this
844:vol. 89
722:vol. 13
705:vol. 89
529:Jiangsu
476:Nanzhao
457:Li Deyu
407:Li Shen
388:eunuchs
384:Wang Bo
360:Beijing
333:), and
188:Li Jifu
181:Sichuan
177:Chengdu
173:Wei Gao
79:Chinese
59:Jingchu
38:Chinese
425:Pei Du
219:Pei Ji
208:Liu Pi
49:Moqing
40::
20:, the
541:Hubei
368:Hebei
256:祠部員外郎
157:Hubei
505:尚書左丞
374:and
324:中書侍郎
270:翰林學士
261:Libu
232:監察御史
145:Zibo
112:Tang
27:Duan
868:244
864:242
860:241
856:237
512:).
472:Han
467:.)
452:楊汝士
446:楊殷士
433:);
330:中書省
314:丁公著
242:左補闕
131:段懷昶
107:段志玄
74:鄒平公
42:段文昌
24:is
880::
866:,
862:,
858:,
842:,
830:,
814:,
804:^
795:,
779:,
767:^
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720:,
703:,
689:^
632:,
602:^
593:,
539:,
527:,
459:,
440:蘇巢
430:裴譔
423:;
412:錢徽
366:,
351:.
308:薛放
179:,
168:裴冑
155:,
147:,
137:段諤
125:段瓘
92:.
64:景初
54:墨卿
870:.
846:.
834:.
818:.
799:.
783:.
762:.
741:.
724:.
707:.
683:.
666:.
636:.
597:.
502:(
341:(
321:(
267:(
253:(
239:(
229:(
71:(
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30:.
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