544:, Marcus expresses concern about the decline of cognitive abilities with age as it affects the fulfilment of duty, noting that "the conception of things and the understanding of them cease first," which weakens "the power of making use of ourselves, and filling up the measure of our duty." He also urges readers to derive their sense of duty from within, rather than from external pressures, encouraging them to "stand erect; not be kept erect by others" and to "Labour not unwillingly, nor without regard to the common interest". Marcus repeatedly comes back to duty as a concept grounded in the human mind, but he does not ignore it's social component, advising the reader to accept help, just as a lame solder ought to when fulfilling his duty to climb the battlements during a siege.
368:
537:"which commands us what to do, and what not to do; if this is so, we are fellow-citizens; if this is so, we are members of some political community." This connection between reason and duty is highlighted too in Book VI, where he states: "I do my duty: other things trouble me not; for they are either things without life, or things without reason, or things that have rambled and know not the way."
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and soberly and considerately.- But perhaps some other active power will be hindered.- Well, but by acquiescing in the hindrance and by being content to transfer thy efforts to that which is allowed, another opportunity of action is immediately put before thee in place of that which was hindered, and one which will adapt itself to this ordering of which we are speaking.
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theory, all personal desires are banished from the realm of morality; a personal desire has no moral significance, be it a desire to create or a desire to kill. For example, if a man is not supporting his life from duty, such a morality makes no distinction between supporting it by honest labor or by
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is usual; rarely does the man move in with the woman, or is the married couple allowed to start their own household and life somewhere else. They need to provide for the entire family in labor and care for the farms and family. Older generations rely on help from their children's and grandchildren's
536:
Similar to
Epictetus, he emphasises the importance of duty for humans beings in their social dimension, but goes further by grounding duty in rationality. Marcus traces the origins of social obligation through a logical progression, viewing duty as stemming from the shared human capacity to reason:
508:
employs the analogy of the human foot to elucidate the moral significance of duty: "Do you not know, that as a foot is no longer a foot if it is detached from the body, so you are no longer a man if you are separated from other men." Just as a human foot may sometimes get dirty or pierced by thorns
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Notions of filial duty … are commonly invoked to mobilize the loyalties, labor power, and other resources children in the ostensible interests of the household and, in some cases, those of the lineage clan as a whole. Doctrines of filial piety … attuned to them may thus be a source of great comfort
413:
of
Confucius: "Yu Tzu said, 'It is rare for a man whose character is such that he is good as a son and obedient as a young man to have the inclination to transgress against his superiors; it is unheard of for one who has no such inclination to be inclined to start a rebellion. The gentleman devotes
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Filial piety is considered so important that in some cases, it outweighs other cardinal virtues: In a modern example, "concerns with filial piety of the same general sort that motivate women to engage in factory work in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and elsewhere in Asia are
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It is thy duty to order thy life well in every single act; and if every act does its duty, as far as is possible, be content; and no one is able to hinder thee so that each act shall not do its duty.- But something external will stand in the way.- Nothing will stand in the way of thy acting justly
377:
In most cultures, children are expected to take on duties in relation to their families. This may take the form of behaving in such a way that upholds the family's honor in the eyes of the community, entering into arranged marriages that benefit the family's status, or caring for ailing relatives.
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in service to the body, individuals must also fulfil their roles, even if it entails facing sickness, perilous journeys, or premature death. Epictetus states, "It is your duty then, since you are come here, to say what you ought, to arrange these things as it is fit."
573:, greatly influenced Nietzsche. These influences led Nietzsche to undertake a series of inversions, challenging the idea that morality stemmed from "compassion or sympathy." Instead, Nietzsche asserted that morality was rooted in life's self-overcoming through the
555:
is among the fiercest critics of the concept of duty. "What destroys a man more quickly", he asks, "than to work, think, and feel without inner necessity, without any deep personal desire, without pleasure—as a mere automaton of 'duty'?"
559:
Nietzsche claims that the task of all higher education is "to turn men into machines". The way to turn men into machines is to teach them to tolerate boredom. This is accomplished, Nietzsche says, by means of the concept of duty.
450:
of duty among both Asian and Latin
American cultures contributes to much of the strong sense of duty that exists in comparison to western cultures. Michael Peletz discusses the concept of duty in his book
399:, from ancient China, depicts the heroic act of a consort of the emperor placing herself between her husband and a rampaging bear. This is meant to be taken as an example of admirable filial behavior.
442:
Asian and Latin
American adolescents possessed stronger values and greater expectations regarding their duty to assist, respect, and support their families than their peers with European backgrounds.
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and solace to the elders but they can also be experienced as stressful, repressive, or both by those who are enjoined to honor their parents’ (and grandparents’) wishes and unspoken expectations.
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his efforts to the roots, for once the roots are established, the Way will grow there from. Being good as a son and obedient as a young man is, perhaps, the root of a man's character'".
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Enroll to vote, and vote at all elections and referendums (unless there is a reasonable excuse such as a religious objection, being overseas, or illness on polling day)
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1046:
840:
Fuligni, A.J.; Tseng, V.; Lam, M. (1999). "Attitudes toward Family
Obligations among American Adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European Backgrounds".
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472:. In an arranged marriage relating to duty, it is expected that the wife will move in with the husband's family and household to raise their children.
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robbery. If a man wants to be honest, he deserves no moral credit; as Kant would put it, such honesty is 'praiseworthy,' but without 'moral import.'"
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395:. As such, the duties of filial piety have played an enormous role in the lives of people in eastern Asia for centuries. For example, the painting
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125:. A sense-of-duty can also come from a need to fulfill familial pressures and desires. This is typically seen in a militaristic/patriotic way.
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Duty is also often perceived as something owed to one's country (patriotism), or to one's homeland or community. Civic duties could include:
78:") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise. A duty may arise from a system of
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131:, an early Roman philosopher who discusses duty in his work “On Duties", suggests that duties can come from four different sources:
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868:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus With the Encheiridion, Translated by George Long"
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Give time to voice advice on a relevant field of expertise, benefits, workplace improvements and on how it is conducted or run
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656:"Does Adolescent Family Structure Predict Military Enlistment? A Comparison of Post-High School Activities"
577:. As part of these inversions, Nietzsche explored concepts like "duty" and "pity", previously discussed by
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The specific duties imposed by law or culture vary considerably, depending on jurisdiction,
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commonly cited by Thai prostitutes as one of their primary rationales for working in the
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Commitment or obligation to someone or something or to perform an action on the behalf of
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This family-oriented sense of duty is a particularly central aspect to the teachings of
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Birds to holy rivers: A list of everything India considers “legal persons”
407:". The importance of filial piety can be expressed in this quote from the
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795:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 736.
627:
225:
730:"Political Participation and Civic Engagement: Towards A New Typology"
654:
Spence, Naomi J.; Henderson, Kathryn A.; Elder, Glen H. (2013-09-01).
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Report contagious illnesses or pestilence to public-health authorities
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988:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius"
964:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius"
940:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius"
916:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius"
892:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius"
527:
in a way that can be summarised using a key section from Book VIII:
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about fulfilling individual duties or who confidently knows their
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Duty varies between different cultures and continents. Duty in
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This article is about the ethical concept. For other uses, see
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1081:
1028:
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1889). "Skirmishes of an untimely man".
91:
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for non-performance. Performing one's duty may require some
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of a family intact and obliging to the needs of elders.
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
434:. According to a study done on attitudes toward family
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as a result of one's own moral expectations for oneself
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Gender, Sexuality, and Body
Politics in Modern Asia
453:
Gender, Sexuality, and Body
Politics in Modern Asia
176:
Provide for a common defense, should the need arise
829:. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Association for Asian Studies.
468:is an example of an expected duty in Asia and the
636: – Differentiation between right and wrong
94:, sometimes including a codified punishment or
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630: – Precepts and commandments in Judaism
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52:(from "due" meaning "that which is owing";
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1214:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
1114:
1100:
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430:is commonly more heavily weighted than in
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687:
820:
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198:Donate blood periodically or when needed
3798:Reflections on the Revolution in France
1261:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
646:
717:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
220:arise in the services performed by a
7:
313:(in countries with mandatory voting)
3908:The End of History and the Last Man
3818:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1246:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
728:Ekman, Joakim; Amnå, Erik (2012).
520:extensively discusses duty in his
271:Examples of legal duties include:
242:is an offense in U.S. military law
117:that characterizes someone who is
25:
609: – Class of ethical theories
3878:The Open Society and Its Enemies
769:
2685:Family as a model for the state
581:and Schopenhauer respectively.
477:families. This form of duty is
182:Serve on a jury, if called upon
4035:Separation of church and state
3933:Collectivism and individualism
3888:The Origins of Totalitarianism
1199:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
825:Peletz, Michael Gates (2011).
141:as a result of one's character
1:
4075:Category:Political philosophy
3948:Critique of political economy
1011:Nietzsche, Friedrich (1895).
326:Duty to care for children as
90:. Many duties are created by
3973:Institutional discrimination
3968:History of political thought
2700:Negative and positive rights
1848:
1839:
1816:
337:Special duties created by a
207:against an unjust government
135:as a result of being a human
3983:Justification for the state
3768:Two Treatises of Government
1945:
1782:
1759:
711:Cicero, Marcus T. (1913) .
387:
260:Professional responsibility
4132:
2653:Bellum omnium contra omnes
489:Philosophical perspectives
360:
159:
152:, and social normalities.
109:A sense-of-duty is also a
29:
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747:10.2478/s13374-012-0024-1
195:(e.g. life-saving drills)
3858:The Revolt of the Masses
672:10.1177/0192513X12457347
660:Journal of Family Issues
570:On the Basis of Morality
540:In fact, earlier in the
3838:The Communist Manifesto
2764:Tyranny of the majority
2675:Consent of the governed
1047:"Causality Versus Duty"
1045:Rand, Ayn (July 1970).
854:10.1111/1467-8624.00075
792:Encyclopædia Britannica
306:Duty to report a felony
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2665:Clash of civilizations
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397:Lady Feng and the Bear
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372:Lady Feng and the Bear
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2680:Divine right of kings
1663:Righteous indignation
1031:Twilight of the Idols
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60:, past participle of
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32:Duty (disambiguation)
3828:Democracy in America
3207:political philosophy
3190:political philosophy
3005:political philosophy
2834:political philosophy
2744:Separation of powers
2705:Night-watchman state
2690:Monopoly on violence
2224:Political philosophy
1181:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
1087:Duty and Moral Worth
810:Quartz (publication)
607:Deontological ethics
474:Patrilocal residence
212:Duties of employment
4018:Right-wing politics
3898:A Theory of Justice
3868:The Road to Serfdom
3788:The Social Contract
2495:Christian democracy
1251:Theological virtues
1154:Positive psychology
565:Arthur Schopenhauer
553:Friedrich Nietzsche
418:In various cultures
240:Dereliction of duty
86:, especially in an
4106:Concepts in ethics
4030:Political violence
4025:Political theology
4008:Left-wing politics
4003:Political spectrum
1683:Self-transcendence
1275:Individual virtues
1219:Nine Noble Virtues
1148:Nicomachean Ethics
446:The deeply rooted
385:, and is known as
375:
224:of a church, by a
46:
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3993:Philosophy of law
3938:Conflict theories
3778:The Spirit of Law
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2734:Original position
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
1337:Conscientiousness
1204:Epistemic virtues
872:www.gutenberg.org
842:Child Development
812:, September 2019.
466:arranged marriage
115:personality trait
16:(Redirected from
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3998:Political ethics
3988:Machiavellianism
3928:Authoritarianism
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2646:Balance of power
2620:Social democracy
2615:Social Darwinism
2590:Multiculturalism
2535:Environmentalism
2510:Communitarianism
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1678:Self-cultivation
1231:Prussian virtues
1194:Cardinal virtues
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848:(4): 1030–1044.
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666:(9): 1194–1216.
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563:The writings of
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345:In loco parentis
322:Fiduciary duties
253:In loco parentis
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3911:
3901:
3891:
3881:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3841:
3831:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3741:
3731:
3728:Treatise on Law
3721:
3711:
3701:
3681:
3339:
3333:
3072:
3066:
2952:
2946:
2865:
2768:
2754:State of nature
2749:Social contract
2729:Ordered liberty
2717:Noblesse oblige
2634:
2468:
2397:
2226:
2221:
2191:
2182:
2125:
2043:
1870:
1797:
1747:
1270:
1256:Three Treasures
1173:Virtue families
1168:
1142:Moral character
1125:
1120:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1051:The Objectivist
1044:
1043:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
986:
985:
981:
972:
970:
962:
961:
957:
948:
946:
938:
937:
933:
924:
922:
914:
913:
909:
900:
898:
890:
889:
885:
876:
874:
866:
865:
861:
839:
838:
834:
824:
823:
816:
804:
800:
785:, ed. (1911). "
781:
770:
768:
767:
763:
727:
726:
722:
710:
709:
705:
653:
652:
648:
643:
610:
603:
587:
550:
518:Marcus Aurelius
515:
513:Marcus Aurelius
496:
491:
478:
432:Western culture
420:
365:
359:
301:Duty to retreat
281:Duty of candour
269:
246:Duty to protect
214:
193:public services
164:
158:
72:debere, debitum
43:Edmund Leighton
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4129:
4127:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:Social justice
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Egalitarianism
3950:
3945:
3943:Contractualism
3940:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3894:
3884:
3874:
3864:
3854:
3844:
3834:
3824:
3814:
3804:
3794:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Overton window
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Libertarianism
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:Accountability
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1067:
1066:External links
1064:
1061:
1060:
1037:
1020:
1014:The Antichrist
1003:
979:
955:
931:
907:
883:
859:
832:
814:
798:
783:Chisholm, Hugh
761:
740:(3): 283–300.
720:
703:
645:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
602:
599:
586:
583:
549:
546:
514:
511:
495:
492:
490:
487:
479:in response to
419:
416:
358:
355:
354:
353:
341:
335:
328:legal guardian
324:
319:
314:
308:
303:
298:
296:Duty to rescue
293:
292:, in insurance
290:duty to settle
286:Duty to defend
283:
278:
268:
265:
264:
263:
257:
249:
243:
213:
210:
209:
208:
202:
199:
196:
191:Volunteer for
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
160:Main article:
157:
154:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4128:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Jurisprudence
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:Rights of Man
3805:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:De re publica
3715:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:20th and 21st
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:18th and 19th
3069:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Nizam al-Mulk
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Republicanism
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
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1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1807:
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1800:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
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1778:
1777:
1773:
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1770:
1766:
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1757:
1756:
1754:
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1744:
1741:
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1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Sportsmanship
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Righteousness
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
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1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:Nonattachment
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Seven virtues
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1188:Brahmavihārās
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:Virtue ethics
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:About virtues
1128:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1004:
993:
989:
983:
980:
969:
965:
959:
956:
945:
941:
935:
932:
921:
917:
911:
908:
897:
893:
887:
884:
873:
869:
863:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
836:
833:
828:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
799:
794:
793:
788:
784:
779:
778:public domain
765:
762:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
735:
734:Human Affairs
731:
724:
721:
716:
715:
707:
704:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
647:
640:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
608:
605:
604:
600:
598:
595:
594:deontological
591:
584:
582:
580:
579:Immanuel Kant
576:
575:will to power
572:
571:
566:
561:
557:
554:
547:
545:
543:
538:
533:
528:
526:
524:
519:
512:
510:
507:
503:
502:
493:
488:
486:
484:
475:
471:
467:
461:
456:
454:
449:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:Latin America
425:
417:
415:
412:
411:
406:
400:
398:
394:
389:
384:
379:
373:
369:
364:
356:
351:
347:
346:
342:
340:
336:
333:
332:child neglect
330:(opposite of
329:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
272:
266:
261:
258:
256:, for schools
255:
254:
250:
248:, in medicine
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
167:
163:
155:
153:
151:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
132:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
104:self-interest
101:
97:
93:
89:
88:honor culture
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
44:
39:
33:
19:
4096:Contract law
4059:
3958:Elite theory
3906:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3856:
3846:
3836:
3826:
3816:
3806:
3796:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3736:
3726:
3716:
3706:
3696:
2995:Guicciardini
2951:Early modern
2774:Philosophers
2724:Open society
2660:Body politic
2530:Distributism
2520:Conservatism
2515:Confucianism
2434:Gerontocracy
2424:Dictatorship
2378:Sovereignty
2368:Ruling class
2258:Emancipation
2247:
2243:Citizenship
2166:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2118:
2102:
2095:
2061:
2054:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1937:
1930:
1925:Brahmacharya
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1863:
1856:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1790:
1774:
1767:
1723:Tranquillity
1673:Self-control
1643:Renunciation
1601:Philanthropy
1596:Perspicacity
1556:Magnificence
1509:Intelligence
1489:Impartiality
1409:Faithfulness
1378:
1297:Authenticity
1223:
1209:Five virtues
1186:
1179:
1159:Trait theory
1146:
1076:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1023:
1013:
1006:
995:. Retrieved
991:
982:
971:. Retrieved
967:
958:
947:. Retrieved
943:
934:
923:. Retrieved
919:
910:
899:. Retrieved
895:
886:
875:. Retrieved
871:
862:
845:
841:
835:
826:
801:
790:
764:
737:
733:
723:
713:
706:
663:
659:
649:
622:Filial piety
588:
568:
567:, including
562:
558:
551:
541:
539:
535:
530:
521:
516:
500:
497:
481:keeping the
463:
458:
452:
445:
441:
421:
408:
401:
396:
393:filial piety
380:
376:
363:Filial piety
350:legal person
343:
317:Duty to warn
311:Duty to vote
276:Duty of care
270:
267:Legal duties
251:
234:
232:or servant.
228:, or by any
215:
170:Obey the law
165:
162:Civic virtue
147:
127:
108:
49:
47:
3832:(1835–1840)
3712:(c. 350 BC)
3702:(c. 375 BC)
3319:Tocqueville
3284:Saint-Simon
3249:Montesquieu
3100:Bolingbroke
3032:Machiavelli
2912:Ibn Khaldun
2877:Alpharabius
2870:Middle Ages
2695:Natural law
2670:Common good
2595:Nationalism
2555:Imperialism
2525:Corporatism
2500:Colonialism
2480:Agrarianism
2459:Technocracy
2439:Meritocracy
2419:Bureaucracy
2409:Aristocracy
1743:Workmanship
1633:Punctuality
1551:Magnanimity
1474:Hospitality
1424:Forgiveness
1369:Discernment
1327:Cleanliness
1077:In Our Time
714:De Officiis
542:Meditations
523:Meditations
470:Middle East
357:Filial duty
262:for lawyers
218:obligations
4101:Deontology
4090:Categories
4040:Separatism
3848:On Liberty
3748:The Prince
3477:Huntington
2980:Campanella
2907:al-Ghazali
2856:Thucydides
2814:Lactantius
2759:Statolatry
2585:Monarchism
2565:Liberalism
2490:Capitalism
2473:Ideologies
2454:Plutocracy
2402:Government
2358:Revolution
2343:Propaganda
2293:Legitimacy
2268:Government
2056:Auctoritas
1904:Aparigraha
1883:Adhiṭṭhāna
1865:Sophrosyne
1833:Eutrapelia
1718:Temperance
1698:Solidarity
1688:Simplicity
1648:Resilience
1623:Politeness
1591:Patriotism
1571:Moderation
1444:Good faith
1434:Generosity
1394:Equanimity
1374:Discipline
1332:Compassion
997:2024-08-05
973:2024-08-05
949:2024-08-03
925:2024-08-03
901:2024-08-05
877:2024-08-03
641:References
501:Discourses
436:obligation
405:skin trade
361:See also:
235:Examples:
156:Civic duty
74:, whence "
54:Old French
41:"Duty" by
3758:Leviathan
3738:Monarchia
3732:(c. 1274)
3567:Oakeshott
3512:Mansfield
3507:Luxemburg
3492:Kropotkin
3387:Bernstein
3340:centuries
3254:Nietzsche
3197:Jefferson
3125:Condorcet
3073:centuries
3052:Pufendorf
2917:Marsilius
2804:Confucius
2789:Aristotle
2782:Antiquity
2710:Noble lie
2630:Third Way
2625:Socialism
2550:Feudalism
2505:Communism
2485:Anarchism
2464:Theocracy
2449:Oligarchy
2429:Democracy
2414:Autocracy
2328:Pluralism
2313:Obedience
2278:Hierarchy
2238:Authority
2104:Humanitas
1850:Phronesis
1841:Philotimo
1693:Sincerity
1658:Reverence
1526:Judgement
1514:Emotional
1504:Integrity
1494:Innocence
1449:Gratitude
1429:Frugality
1419:Foresight
1399:Etiquette
1389:Endurance
1364:Diligence
1287:Alertness
1236:Scout Law
1137:Endowment
680:0192-513X
548:Nietzsche
506:Epictetus
494:Epictetus
448:tradition
383:Confucius
216:Specific
173:Pay taxes
100:sacrifice
96:liability
4111:Tort law
4013:Centrism
3708:Politics
3698:Republic
3667:Voegelin
3647:Spengler
3632:Shariati
3607:Rothbard
3562:Nussbaum
3462:Habermas
3437:Fukuyama
3427:Foucault
3352:Ambedkar
3329:Voltaire
3299:de Staël
3274:Rousseau
3155:Franklin
3130:Constant
3090:Beccaria
2922:Muhammad
2902:Gelasius
2887:Averroes
2861:Xenophon
2841:Polybius
2794:Chanakya
2639:Concepts
2605:Populism
2575:Localism
2560:Islamism
2545:Feminism
2444:Monarchy
2348:Property
2338:Progress
2303:Monopoly
2273:Hegemony
2097:Gravitas
2080:Dignitas
1826:Ataraxia
1708:Sympathy
1638:Religion
1628:Prudence
1586:Patience
1561:Meekness
1536:Kindness
1484:Humility
1479:Humanity
1414:Fidelity
1359:Courtesy
1322:Chivalry
1317:Chastity
1307:Charisma
1302:Calmness
1292:Altruism
1034:. §9.29.
756:38562562
698:24000268
634:Morality
601:See also
590:Ayn Rand
585:Ayn Rand
410:Analects
339:contract
230:employee
222:minister
150:religion
119:diligent
84:morality
58:deu, did
4050:Statism
3963:Elitism
3921:Related
3722:(51 BC)
3652:Strauss
3627:Scruton
3622:Schmitt
3612:Russell
3532:Michels
3527:Maurras
3522:Marcuse
3482:Kautsky
3452:Gramsci
3447:Gentile
3417:Dworkin
3407:Du Bois
3402:Dmowski
3397:Chomsky
3392:Burnham
3377:Benoist
3347:Agamben
3314:Thoreau
3304:Stirner
3294:Spencer
3239:Mazzini
3229:Maistre
3224:Madison
3219:Le Play
3150:Fourier
3115:Carlyle
3095:Bentham
3085:Bastiat
3080:Bakunin
3057:Spinoza
3047:Müntzer
3017:Leibniz
2990:Grotius
2970:Bossuet
2937:Plethon
2882:Aquinas
2851:Sun Tzu
2819:Mencius
2809:Han Fei
2580:Marxism
2540:Fascism
2373:Society
2298:Liberty
2283:Justice
2263:Freedom
2152:Sadaqah
2138:Ganbaru
2071:Decorum
2063:Caritas
2018:Śraddhā
2004:Shaucha
1969:Kshanti
1897:Akrodha
1752:Chinese
1653:Respect
1576:Modesty
1546:Loyalty
1531:Justice
1499:Insight
1459:Honesty
1454:Heroism
1384:Empathy
1342:Courage
1312:Charity
1225:Pāramīs
1123:Virtues
1080:at the
1057:(7): 3.
780::
689:3757947
628:Mitzvah
498:In his
483:lineage
226:soldier
123:calling
4116:Virtue
3912:(1992)
3902:(1971)
3892:(1951)
3882:(1945)
3872:(1944)
3862:(1929)
3852:(1859)
3842:(1848)
3822:(1820)
3812:(1791)
3802:(1790)
3792:(1762)
3782:(1748)
3772:(1689)
3762:(1651)
3752:(1532)
3742:(1313)
3672:Walzer
3662:Taylor
3617:Sartre
3582:Popper
3577:Pareto
3572:Ortega
3557:Nozick
3547:Mouffe
3497:Laclau
3457:Guénon
3442:Gandhi
3382:Berlin
3372:Bauman
3367:Badiou
3357:Arendt
3324:Tucker
3214:Le Bon
3175:Herder
3165:Haller
3160:Godwin
3145:Fichte
3140:Engels
3135:Cortés
3105:Bonald
3062:Suárez
3037:Milton
3027:Luther
3000:Hobbes
2985:Filmer
2975:Calvin
2960:Boétie
2953:period
2932:Ockham
2799:Cicero
2600:Nazism
2388:Utopia
2363:Rights
2353:Regime
2323:People
2308:Nation
2120:Virtus
2112:Pietas
2031:Upekṣā
2024:Saddhā
1990:Prajñā
1983:Muditā
1962:Kshama
1955:Karuṇā
1918:Asteya
1911:Ārjava
1890:Ahimsa
1875:Indian
1858:Sophia
1733:Wisdom
1611:Filial
1519:Social
1464:Honour
1017:. §11.
774:
754:
696:
686:
678:
616:Dharma
205:Revolt
129:Cicero
111:virtue
80:ethics
63:devoir
18:Duties
4061:Index
3690:Works
3677:Weber
3642:Spann
3637:Sorel
3602:Röpke
3597:Rawls
3552:Negri
3542:Mosca
3537:Mises
3502:Lenin
3472:Hoppe
3467:Hayek
3432:Fromm
3422:Evola
3412:Dugin
3309:Taine
3289:Smith
3269:Renan
3264:Paine
3185:Iqbal
3170:Hegel
3120:Comte
3110:Burke
3022:Locke
3012:James
2965:Bodin
2897:Dante
2892:Bruni
2846:Shang
2829:Plato
2383:State
2333:Power
2318:Peace
2253:Elite
2231:Terms
2176:Virtù
2130:Other
2089:Fides
2048:Latin
2038:Vīrya
1997:Satya
1976:Mettā
1939:Dhṛti
1818:Arete
1810:Agape
1802:Greek
1728:Trust
1713:Taste
1606:Piety
1566:Mercy
1439:Glory
1404:Faith
1352:Moral
1347:Civil
1266:Yamas
752:S2CID
391:, or
68:Latin
3592:Rand
3587:Qutb
3487:Kirk
3362:Aron
3279:Sade
3259:Owen
3244:Mill
3234:Marx
3202:Kant
3180:Hume
3042:More
2942:Wang
2824:Mozi
2248:Duty
2168:Sisu
2160:Seny
2145:Giri
2011:Sevā
1932:Dāna
1769:Jing
1618:Pity
1541:Love
1469:Hope
1379:Duty
1072:Duty
787:Duty
694:PMID
676:ISSN
426:and
424:Asia
388:xiao
288:and
76:debt
50:duty
3657:Sun
3517:Mao
2393:War
2288:Law
1947:Hrī
1784:Ren
1738:Wit
1082:BBC
1074:on
850:doi
789:".
742:doi
684:PMC
668:doi
464:An
113:or
102:of
92:law
82:or
4092::
1792:Yi
1776:Li
1761:De
1053:.
1049:.
990:.
966:.
942:.
918:.
894:.
870:.
846:70
844:.
817:^
808:,
750:.
738:22
736:.
732:.
692:.
682:.
674:.
664:34
662:.
658:.
504:,
455::
438::
106:.
70::
66:;
56::
48:A
2216:e
2209:t
2202:v
2021:/
1115:e
1108:t
1101:v
1055:9
1000:.
976:.
952:.
928:.
904:.
880:.
856:.
852::
758:.
744::
700:.
670::
525:,
352:.
334:)
34:.
20:)
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