1385:(NTP) is through a command called monlist, which sends the details of the last 600 hosts that have requested the time from the NTP server back to the requester. A small request to this time server can be sent using a spoofed source IP address of some victim, which results in a response 556.9 times the size of the request being sent to the victim. This becomes amplified when using botnets that all send requests with the same spoofed IP source, which will result in a massive amount of data being sent back to the victim. It is very difficult to defend against these types of attacks because the response data is coming from legitimate servers. These attack requests are also sent through UDP, which does not require a connection to the server. This means that the source IP is not verified when a request is received by the server. To bring awareness of these vulnerabilities, campaigns have been started that are dedicated to finding amplification vectors which have led to people fixing their resolvers or having the resolvers shut down completely.
537:(ISO). The model groups similar communication functions into one of seven logical layers. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error-free communications across a network provides the communications path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that traverse that path. In the OSI model, the definition of its application layer is narrower in scope than is often implemented. The OSI model defines the application layer as being the user interface. The OSI application layer is responsible for displaying data and images to the user in a human-recognizable format and to interface with the
574:. These attacks can persist for weeks; the longest continuous period noted so far lasted 38 days. This attack involved approximately 50+ petabits (50,000+ terabits) of malicious traffic. Attackers in this scenario may tactically switch between several targets to create a diversion to evade defensive DDoS countermeasures but all the while eventually concentrating the main thrust of the attack onto a single victim. In this scenario, attackers with continuous access to several very powerful network resources are capable of sustaining a prolonged campaign generating enormous levels of unamplified DDoS traffic. APDoS attacks are characterized by:
488:. The attacker generates a flood of traffic until a cloud-hosted service scales outwards to handle the increase of traffic, then halts the attack, leaving the victim with over-provisioned resources. When the victim scales back down, the attack resumes, causing resources to scale back up again. This can result in a reduced quality of service during the periods of scaling up and down and a financial drain on resources during periods of over-provisioning while operating with a lower cost for an attacker compared to a normal DDoS attack, as it only needs to be generating traffic for a portion of the attack period.
1808:. In essence, these techniques are statistical methods of assessing the behavior of incoming requests to detect if something unusual or abnormal is going on. An analogy is to a brick-and-mortar department store where customers spend, on average, a known percentage of their time on different activities such as picking up items and examining them, putting them back, filling a basket, waiting to pay, paying, and leaving. If a mob of customers arrived in the store and spent all their time picking up items and putting them back, but never made any purchases, this could be flagged as unusual behavior.
760:. In this case, normally application-used resources are tied to a needed quality of service (QoS) level (e.g. responses should be less than 200 ms) and this rule is usually linked to automated software (e.g. Amazon CloudWatch) to raise more virtual resources from the provider to meet the defined QoS levels for the increased requests. The main incentive behind such attacks may be to drive the application owner to raise the elasticity levels to handle the increased application traffic, to cause financial losses, or force them to become less competitive. A
209:), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. More sophisticated strategies are required to mitigate this type of attack; simply attempting to block a single source is insufficient as there are multiple sources. A DoS or DDoS attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door of a shop, making it hard for legitimate customers to enter, thus disrupting trade and losing the business money. Criminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile
513:, there have been "51 percent more application layer attacks" from Q4 2013 to Q4 2014 and "16 percent more" from Q3 2014 to Q4 2014. In November 2017; Junade Ali, an engineer at Cloudflare noted that whilst network-level attacks continue to be of high capacity, they were occurring less frequently. Ali further noted that although network-level attacks were becoming less frequent, data from Cloudflare demonstrated that application-layer attacks were still showing no sign of slowing down.
554:. An application layer DDoS attack is done mainly for specific targeted purposes, including disrupting transactions and access to databases. It requires fewer resources than network layer attacks but often accompanies them. An attack may be disguised to look like legitimate traffic, except it targets specific application packets or functions. The attack on the application layer can disrupt services such as the retrieval of information or search functions on a website.
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1681:(UPnP) protocol to get past network security and flood a target's network and servers. The attack is based on a DNS amplification technique, but the attack mechanism is a UPnP router that forwards requests from one outer source to another. The UPnP router returns the data on an unexpected UDP port from a bogus IP address, making it harder to take simple action to shut down the traffic flood. According to the
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well-prepared site, for example, as part of a news story. The result is that a significant proportion of the primary site's regular users – potentially hundreds of thousands of people – click that link in the space of a few hours, having the same effect on the target website as a DDoS attack. A VIPDoS is the same, but specifically when the link was posted by a celebrity. When
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incoming traffic on this port because doing so will prevent the server from receiving and serving legitimate traffic. Additionally, firewalls may be too deep in the network hierarchy, with routers being adversely affected before the traffic gets to the firewall. Also, many security tools still do not support IPv6 or may not be configured properly, so the firewalls may be bypassed during the attacks.
452:) further complicating identifying and defeating the attack. These attacker advantages cause challenges for defense mechanisms. For example, merely purchasing more incoming bandwidth than the current volume of the attack might not help, because the attacker might be able to simply add more attack machines. The scale of DDoS attacks has continued to rise over recent years, by 2016 exceeding a
781:, can be more difficult to detect and can disrupt and hamper connection to websites for prolonged periods of time, potentially causing more overall disruption than a denial-of-service attack. Exposure of degradation-of-service attacks is complicated further by the matter of discerning whether the server is really being attacked or is experiencing higher than normal legitimate traffic loads.
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1930:(bogus IP filtering) to detect and remediate DoS attacks through automatic rate filtering and WAN Link failover and balancing. These schemes will work as long as the DoS attacks can be prevented by using them. For example, SYN flood can be prevented using delayed binding or TCP splicing. Similarly, content-based DoS may be prevented using deep packet inspection. Attacks using
951:(URIs) in the requests require complicated time-consuming algorithms or database operations which may exhaust the resources of the targeted web server. In 2004, a Chinese hacker nicknamed KiKi invented a hacking tool to send these kinds of requests to attack a NSFOCUS firewall named Collapsar, and thus the hacking tool was known as Challenge Collapsar, or
2010:: massive numbers of would-be YouTube.com users accidentally typed the tube company's URL, utube.com. As a result, the tube company ended up having to spend large amounts of money on upgrading its bandwidth. The company appears to have taken advantage of the situation, with utube.com now containing ads for advertisement revenue. In March 2014, after
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which was owned by Sony when it suffered at the hands of DerpTrolling. Between
December 2013 and January 2014, Thompson also brought down Valve's Steam โ the largest digital distribution platform for PC gaming โ as well as Electronic Arts' Origin service and Blizzard's BattleNet. The disruption lasted anywhere from hours to days.
1513:, send back a TCP/SYN-ACK packet, and wait for a packet in response from the sender address. However, because the sender's address is forged, the response never comes. These half-open connections exhaust the available connections the server can make, keeping it from responding to legitimate requests until after the attack ends.
1612:: A scammer contacts consumers with a bogus debt collection demand and threatens to send police; when the victim balks, the scammer floods local police numbers with calls on which caller ID is spoofed to display the victim's number. Police soon arrive at the victim's residence attempting to find the origin of the calls.
734:. Attacks may use specific packet types or connection requests to saturate finite resources by, for example, occupying the maximum number of open connections or filling the victim's disk space with logs. An attacker with shell-level access to a victim's computer may slow it until it is unusable or crash it by using a
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Austin
Thompson, aka DerpTrolling, who came to prominence in 2013 by launching Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against major video game companies, has been sentenced to 27 months in prison by a federal court. Thompson, a resident of Utah, will also have to pay $ 95,000 to Daybreak Games,
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announced that "actions are currently underway worldwide to track down the users" of
Webstresser.org, a former DDoS marketplace that was shut down in April 2018 as part of Operation Power Off. Europol said UK police were conducting a number of "live operations" targeting over 250 users of Webstresser
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An unintentional denial-of-service can occur when a system ends up denied, not due to a deliberate attack by a single individual or group of individuals, but simply due to a sudden enormous spike in popularity. This can happen when an extremely popular website posts a prominent link to a second, less
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to connect to handlers, which are compromised systems that issue commands to the zombie agents, which in turn facilitate the DDoS attack. Agents are compromised via the handlers by the attacker. Each handler can control up to a thousand agents. In some cases a machine may become part of a DDoS attack
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the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled. The range of attacks varies widely, spanning from inundating a server with millions of requests to slow its performance, overwhelming a server
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More focused on the problem than IPS, a DoS defense system (DDS) can block connection-based DoS attacks and those with legitimate content but bad intent. A DDS can also address both protocol attacks (such as teardrop and ping of death) and rate-based attacks (such as ICMP floods and SYN floods). DDS
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A slow read attack sends legitimate application layer requests, but reads responses very slowly, keeping connections open longer hoping to exhaust the server's connection pool. The slow read is achieved by advertising a very small number for the TCP Receive Window size, and at the same time emptying
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to infect hundreds of thousands of IoT devices across the internet. The worm propagates through networks and systems taking control of poorly protected IoT devices such as thermostats, Wi-Fi-enabled clocks, and washing machines. The owner or user will usually have no immediate indication of when the
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the device, rendering it unusable for its original purpose until it can be repaired or replaced. The PDoS is a pure hardware-targeted attack that can be much faster and requires fewer resources than using a botnet in a DDoS attack. Because of these features, and the potential and high probability of
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Permanent denial-of-service (PDoS), also known loosely as phlashing, is an attack that damages a system so badly that it requires replacement or reinstallation of hardware. Unlike the distributed denial-of-service attack, a PDoS attack exploits security flaws which allow remote administration on the
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field in the header, and wait for the entire body of the message to be transmitted, which can take a very long time. The attacker establishes hundreds or even thousands of such connections until all resources for incoming connections on the victim server are exhausted, making any further connections
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processes. The attack over-exercises specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. This application-layer attack is different from an entire network attack, and is often used against financial institutions to distract IT and security personnel
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significantly shaped the cyberthreat landscape, with an increase in cyberattacks attributed to both state-sponsored actors and global hacktivist activities. The most notable event was a DDoS attack in
February, the largest Ukraine has encountered, disrupting government and financial sector services.
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Defensive responses to denial-of-service attacks typically involve the use of a combination of attack detection, traffic classification and response tools, aiming to block traffic the tools identify as illegitimate and allow traffic that they identify as legitimate. A list of response tools include
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amplification attacks involves an attacker sending a DNS name lookup request to one or more public DNS servers, spoofing the source IP address of the targeted victim. The attacker tries to request as much information as possible, thus amplifying the DNS response that is sent to the targeted victim.
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services, which have simple web-based front ends, and accept payment over the web. Marketed and promoted as stress-testing tools, they can be used to perform unauthorized denial-of-service attacks, and allow technically unsophisticated attackers access to sophisticated attack tools. Usually powered
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Multiple attack machines can generate more attack traffic than a single machine and are harder to disable, and the behavior of each attack machine can be stealthier, making the attack harder to track and shut down. Since the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from different sources, it
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Approaches to detection of DDoS attacks against cloud-based applications may be based on an application layer analysis, indicating whether incoming bulk traffic is legitimate. These approaches mainly rely on an identified path of value inside the application and monitor the progress of requests on
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field, indicating the starting position, or offset, of the data contained in a fragmented packet relative to the data in the original packet. If the sum of the offset and size of one fragmented packet differs from that of the next fragmented packet, the packets overlap. When this happens, a server
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A sophisticated low-bandwidth DDoS attack is a form of DoS that uses less traffic and increases its effectiveness by aiming at a weak point in the victim's system design, i.e., the attacker sends traffic consisting of complicated requests to the system. Essentially, a sophisticated DDoS attack is
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traffic (DDoS and also other common internet attacks) and only passes good legitimate traffic to the victim server. The victim needs central connectivity to the
Internet to use this kind of service unless they happen to be located within the same facility as the cleaning center. DDoS attacks can
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packets with the source address faked to appear to be the address of the victim. Most devices on a network will, by default, respond to this by sending a reply to the source IP address. If the number of machines on the network that receive and respond to these packets is very large, the victim's
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In
February 2023, Cloudflare faced a 71 million/requests per second attack which Cloudflare claims was the largest HTTP DDoS attack at the time. HTTP DDoS attacks are measured by HTTP requests per second instead of packets per second or bits per second. On July 10, 2023, the fanfiction platform
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can be adjusted to deny all incoming traffic from the attackers, based on protocols, ports, or the originating IP addresses. More complex attacks will however be hard to block with simple rules: for example, if there is an ongoing attack on port 80 (web service), it is not possible to drop all
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The simplest DoS attack relies primarily on brute force, flooding the target with an overwhelming flux of packets, oversaturating its connection bandwidth or depleting the target's system resources. Bandwidth-saturating floods rely on the attacker's ability to generate the overwhelming flux of
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If an attacker mounts an attack from a single host, it would be classified as a DoS attack. Any attack against availability would be classed as a denial-of-service attack. On the other hand, if an attacker uses many systems to simultaneously launch attacks against a remote host, this would be
1154:) can be considered one form of reflected attack, as the flooding hosts send Echo Requests to the broadcast addresses of mis-configured networks, thereby enticing hosts to send Echo Reply packets to the victim. Some early DDoS programs implemented a distributed form of this attack.
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routers have overloaded NTP servers by flooding them without respecting the restrictions of client types or geographical limitations. Similar unintentional denial-of-service can also occur via other media, e.g. when a URL is mentioned on television. If a server is being indexed by
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Amplification attacks are used to magnify the bandwidth that is sent to a victim. Many services can be exploited to act as reflectors, some harder to block than others. US-CERT have observed that different services may result in different amplification factors, as tabulated below:
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which in turn facilitate the DDoS attack. Agents are compromised via the handlers by the attacker using automated routines to exploit vulnerabilities in programs that accept remote connections running on the targeted remote hosts. Each handler can control up to a thousand agents.
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A scammer contacts the victim's banker or broker, impersonating the victim to request a funds transfer. The banker's attempt to contact the victim for verification of the transfer fails as the victim's telephone lines are being flooded with bogus calls, rendering the victim
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field to specify the size of the message body to follow. However, the attacker then proceeds to send the actual message body at an extremely slow rate (e.g. 1 byte/110 seconds). Due to the entire message being correct and complete, the target server will attempt to obey the
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device becomes infected. The IoT device itself is not the direct target of the attack, it is used as a part of a larger attack. Once the hacker has enslaved the desired number of devices, they instruct the devices to try to contact an ISP. In
October 2016, a Mirai botnet
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Denial-of-service attacks are characterized by an explicit attempt by attackers to prevent legitimate use of a service. There are two general forms of DoS attacks: those that crash services and those that flood services. The most serious attacks are distributed.
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service on which users could help search for the missing jet in satellite images. The response overwhelmed the company's servers. An unintentional denial-of-service may also result from a prescheduled event created by the website itself, as was the case of the
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in 2009, websites such as Google and
Twitter slowed down or even crashed. Many sites' servers thought the requests were from a virus or spyware trying to cause a denial-of-service attack, warning users that their queries looked like "automated requests from a
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capabilities. They, too, are manually set. Most routers can be easily overwhelmed under a DoS attack. Nokia SR-OS using FP4 or FP5 processors offers DDoS protection. Nokia SR-OS also uses big data analytics-based Nokia
Deepfield Defender for DDoS protection.
1839:(IPS) are effective if the attacks have signatures associated with them. However, the trend among attacks is to have legitimate content but bad intent. Intrusion-prevention systems that work on content recognition cannot block behavior-based DoS attacks. An
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and attempt to exhaust the destination SYN queue or the server bandwidth. Because the source IP addresses can be trivially spoofed, an attack could come from a limited set of sources, or may even originate from a single host. Stack enhancements such as
374:, claiming the attack for religious and political reasons, was viewed skeptically by AO3 and experts. Flashpoint, a threat intelligence vendor, noted the group's past activities but doubted their stated motives. AO3, supported by the non-profit
1649:) by the number of calls originated. By occupying lines continuously with repeated automated calls, the victim is prevented from making or receiving both routine and emergency telephone calls. Related exploits include SMS flooding attacks and
398:. Switzerland's National Cyber Security Centre quickly mitigated the attack, ensuring core federal services remained secure, despite temporary accessibility issues on some websites. In October 2023, exploitation of a new vulnerability in the
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RUDY attack targets web applications by starvation of available sessions on the web server. Much like
Slowloris, RUDY keeps sessions at halt using never-ending POST transmissions and sending an arbitrarily large content-length header value.
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sent to the victim. In general, the victim machine cannot distinguish between the spoofed packets and legitimate packets, so the victim responds to the spoofed packets as it normally would. These response packets are known as backscatter.
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Threats may be associated with specific TCP or UDP port numbers. Blocking these ports at the firewall can mitigated the attack. For example, in an SSDP reflection attack; the key mitigation is to block incoming UDP traffic on port 1900.
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In 2015, DDoS botnets such as DD4BC grew in prominence, taking aim at financial institutions. Cyber-extortionists typically begin with a low-level attack and a warning that a larger attack will be carried out if a ransom is not paid in
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were used to flood political opponents with spurious calls to jam phone banks on election day. Widespread publication of a number can also flood it with enough calls to render it unusable, as happened by accident in 1981 with multiple
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will, by default, accept requests up to 2GB in size, this attack can be particularly powerful. HTTP slow POST attacks are difficult to differentiate from legitimate connections and are therefore able to bypass some protection systems.
448:. It also makes it difficult to distinguish legitimate user traffic from attack traffic when spread across multiple points of origin. As an alternative or augmentation of a DDoS, attacks may involve forging of IP sender addresses (
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News sites and link sites – sites whose primary function is to provide links to interesting content elsewhere on the Internet – are most likely to cause this phenomenon. The canonical example is the
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may be effective mitigation against SYN queue flooding but do not address bandwidth exhaustion. In 2022, TCP attacks were the leading method in DDoS incidents, accounting for 63% of all DDoS activity. This includes tactics like
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Pulsing zombies are compromised computers that are directed to launch intermittent and short-lived floodings of victim websites with the intent of merely slowing it rather than crashing it. This type of attack, referred to as
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protocol resulted in the record for largest HTTP DDoS attack being broken twice, once with a 201 million requests per second attack observed by Cloudflare, and again with a 398 million requests per second attack observed by
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for thousands of dollars. When the consumer objects, the scammer retaliates by flooding the victim's employer with automated calls. In some cases, the displayed caller ID is spoofed to impersonate police or law enforcement
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can be prevented using bogon filtering. Automatic rate filtering can work as long as set rate thresholds have been set correctly. WAN-link failover will work as long as both links have a DoS prevention mechanism.
810:. Attackers can also break into systems using automated tools that exploit flaws in programs that listen for connections from remote hosts. This scenario primarily concerns systems acting as servers on the web.
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via various methods such as: changing the victim IP address in the DNS system, tunneling methods (GRE/VRF, MPLS, SDN), proxies, digital cross connects, or even direct circuits. The cleaning center separates
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impossible until all data has been sent. It is notable that unlike many other DDoS or DDoS attacks, which try to subdue the server by overloading its network or CPU, an HTTP slow POST attack targets the
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a wide variety of DDoS tools are available today, including paid and free versions, with different features available. There is an underground market for these in hacker-related forums and IRC channels.
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is another particular type of DoS. It involves redirecting outgoing messages from the client back onto the client, preventing outside access, as well as flooding the client with the sent packets. A
2128:, was sentenced to 27 months in prison and $ 95,000 restitution by a federal court for conducting multiple DDoS attacks on major video gaming companies, disrupting their systems from hours to days.
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of thousands of devices, the attackers can generate sufficient packet rates and occupy bandwidth to saturate links, causing the denial of services. Because of this weakness, the network company
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866:(IoT) devices that have been involved in denial of service attacks. In one noted attack that was made peaked at around 20,000 requests per second which came from around 900 CCTV cameras. UK's
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lower in cost due to its use of less traffic, is smaller in size making it more difficult to identify, and it has the ability to hurt systems which are protected by flow control mechanisms.
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Simple attacks such as SYN floods may appear with a wide range of source IP addresses, giving the appearance of a distributed DoS. These flood attacks do not require completion of the TCP
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900:. Security experts recommend targeted websites to not pay the ransom. The attackers tend to get into an extended extortion scheme once they recognize that the target is ready to pay.
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Kousiouris, George (2014). "KEY COMPLETION INDICATORS:minimizing the effect of DoS attacks on elastic Cloud-based applications based on application-level markov chain checkpoints".
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overwhelm any type of hardware firewall, and passing malicious traffic through large and mature networks becomes more and more effective and economically sustainable against DDoS.
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occurs when a host sends a flood of TCP/SYN packets, often with a forged sender address. Each of these packets is handled like a connection request, causing the server to spawn a
407:. In August 2024 Global Secure Layer observed and reported on a record-breaking packet DDoS at 3.15 billion packets per second, which targeted an undisclosed number of unofficial
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854:(a resource starvation attack) may also be used. Newer tools can use DNS servers for DoS purposes. Unlike MyDoom's DDoS mechanism, botnets can be turned against any IP address.
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In computer network security, backscatter is a side-effect of a spoofed denial-of-service attack. In this kind of attack, the attacker spoofs (or forges) the source address in
440:. A distributed denial of service attack typically involves more than around 3โ5 nodes on different networks; fewer nodes may qualify as a DoS attack but is not a DDoS attack.
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or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers. A DDoS attack uses more than one unique IP address or machines, often from thousands of hosts infected with
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If the attacker is spoofing source addresses randomly, the backscatter response packets from the victim will be sent back to random destinations. This effect can be used by
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Application front-end hardware is intelligent hardware placed on the network before traffic reaches the servers. It can be used on networks in conjunction with routers and
1138:, the source address is set to that of the targeted victim, which means all the replies will go to (and flood) the target. This reflected attack form is sometimes called a
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756:, an attack running on mobile devices. Another target of DDoS attacks may be to produce added costs for the application operator, when the latter uses resources based on
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by a botnet, the traffic produced by a consumer stresser can range anywhere from 5-50 Gbit/s, which can, in most cases, deny the average home user internet access.
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This wave of cyber aggression extended to Western allies like the UK, the US, and Germany. Particularly, the UK's financial sector saw an increase in DDoS attacks from
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633:. A setting in which Markov-model based attacks are prevalent is online gaming as the disruption of the control packet undermines game play and system functionality.
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A distributed denial-of-service attack may involve sending forged requests of some type to a very large number of computers that will reply to the requests. Using
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value of 1 or less than it does to forward a packet with a higher TTL value. When a packet is dropped due to TTL expiry, the router CPU must generate and send an
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Since the size of the request is significantly smaller than the response, the attacker is easily able to increase the amount of traffic directed at the target.
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1479:. It exploits a weakness in TCP's re-transmission timeout mechanism, using short synchronized bursts of traffic to disrupt TCP connections on the same link.
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resources of the victim, which means the victim would still have enough network bandwidth and processing power to operate. Combined with the fact that the
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887:, TCP ACK, and TCP floods. With TCP being the most widespread networking protocol, its attacks are expected to remain prevalent in the DDoS threat scene.
322:, revealed by Google on October 17, 2020. The record holder was thought to be an attack executed by an unnamed customer of the US-based service provider
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during peak periods of activity, or does not have a lot of available bandwidth while being indexed, it can also experience the effects of a DoS attack.
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Kuzmanovic, Aleksandar; Knightly, Edward W. (25 August 2003). "Low-rate TCP-targeted denial of service attacks: The shrew vs. The mice and elephants".
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said it blocked a HTTP pipelining DDoS attack on Sept. 5. 2021 that originated from unpatched Mikrotik networking gear. In the first half of 2022, the
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1122:, a piece of malware that targeted IoT devices, used PDoS attacks to disable its targets. PhlashDance is a tool created by Rich Smith (an employee of
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1034:, thus slowing down the affected computer until it comes to a complete stop. A specific example of a nuke attack that gained some prominence is the
525:(ISO/IEC 7498-1) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into
1076:. With peer-to-peer there is no botnet and the attacker does not have to communicate with the clients it subverts. Instead, the attacker acts as a
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use them to deny the availability of well known websites to legitimate users. More sophisticated attackers use DDoS tools for the purposes of
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3689:"Security challenges in internet of things: Distributed denial of service attack detection using support vector machine-based expert systems"
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systems is much less capable of overwhelming a target, also the -l (size) flag does not allow sent packet size greater than 65500 in Windows.
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has a purpose-built system that can easily identify and obstruct denial of service attacks at a greater speed than a software-based system.
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Systems Security Lab) used to detect and demonstrate PDoS vulnerabilities at the 2008 EUSecWest Applied Security Conference in London, UK.
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1824:(null interface or a non-existent server). To be more efficient and avoid affecting network connectivity, it can be managed by the ISP. A
1795:. Application front-end hardware analyzes data packets as they enter the network, and identifies and drops dangerous or suspicious flows.
1711:. Many devices, including some residential routers, have a vulnerability in the UPnP software that allows an attacker to get replies from
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routes traffic to a valid IP address which analyzes traffic and rejects bad packets. Sinkholing may not be efficient for severe attacks.
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before releasing the malware and no further interaction was necessary to launch the attack. A system may also be compromised with a
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Cambiaso, Enrico; Papaleo, Gianluca; Chiola, Giovanni; Aiello, Maurizio (2015). "Designing and modeling the slow next DoS attack".
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Kolias, Constantinos; Kambourakis, Georgios; Stavrou, Angelos; Voas, Jeffrey (2017). "DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and Other Botnets".
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security exploits on network-enabled embedded devices, this technique has come to the attention of numerous hacking communities.
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computer will be flooded with traffic. This overloads the victim's computer and can even make it unusable during such an attack.
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is unusual in that it specifically outlawed denial-of-service attacks and set a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison with the
1742:, causing traffic intended for the original authentic IP to be re-routed to that of the attacker, causing a denial of service.
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with overlapping, oversized payloads to the target machine. This can crash various operating systems because of a bug in their
752:
implement an application-layer attack. Examples of threats are Slowloris, establishing pending connections with the victim, or
6096:"United States Code: Title 18,1030. Fraud and related activity in connection with computers | Government Printing Office"
2844:
947:
A Challenge Collapsar (CC) attack is an attack where standard HTTP requests are sent to a targeted web server frequently. The
509:
from security breaches. In 2013, application-layer DDoS attacks represented 20% of all DDoS attacks. According to research by
6982:
5070:
Ben-Porat, U.; Bremler-Barr, A.; Levy, H. (1 May 2013). "Vulnerability of Network Mechanisms to Sophisticated DDoS Attacks".
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relies on misconfigured network devices that allow packets to be sent to all computer hosts on a particular network via the
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persistence over extended periods (combining all the above into a concerted, well-managed attack across a range of targets).
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Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
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1472:
1047:
678:
101:
294:, figured out a proper defense. Another early demonstration of the DoS attack was made by Khan C. Smith in 1997 during a
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in the world, was the target of what is thought to be the first DoS attack. On September 6, 1996, Panix was subject to a
3449:
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2113:
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2011:
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530:
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Mubarakali, Azath; Srinivasan, Karthik; Mukhalid, Reham; Jaganathan, Subash C. B.; Marina, Ninoslav (26 January 2020).
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is based on sending the victim a malformed ping packet, which will lead to a system crash on a vulnerable system. The
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and other major corporations in the year to follow. The largest DDoS attack to date happened in September 2017, when
83:
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is a common DoS attack that involves a vulnerability in the ARP protocol that allows an attacker to associate their
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laws to combat its widespread impact. Adoption rates vary by region, with Europe at a 91% rate, and Africa at 72%.
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1381:
can also be exploited as reflectors in an amplification attack. An example of an amplified DDoS attack through the
567:
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van Rijswijk-Deij, Roland (2014). "DNSSEC and its potential for DDoS attacks: A comprehensive measurement study".
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61:
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862: – including against their business rivals. It has been reported that there are new attacks from
798:. Its DoS mechanism was triggered on a specific date and time. This type of DDoS involved hardcoding the target
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vulnerable to teardrop attacks is unable to reassemble the packets resulting in a denial-of-service condition.
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web application security project, released a tool to test the security of servers against this type of attack.
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579:
465:
4772:"P2P File-Sharing in Hell: Exploiting BitTorrent Vulnerabilities to Launch Distributed Reflective DoS Attacks"
4063:
1010:
attack is an example of an attack taking advantage of the required Destination Port Unreachable ICMP packets.
6001:
5343:
3253:
2888:"Settimo giorno di attacchi informatici all'Italia. NoName057(16) torna alle Banche e alle Telecomunicazioni"
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6459:
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1522:
6252:"Anonymous DDoS Petition: Group Calls On White House To Recognize Distributed Denial Of Service As Protest"
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4185:
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1923:
738:. Another kind of application-level DoS attack is XDoS (or XML DoS) which can be controlled by modern web
1109:
with a modified, corrupt, or defective firmware imageโa process which when done legitimately is known as
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voice calls inexpensive and easily automated while permitting call origins to be misrepresented through
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3450:"Gartner Says 25 Percent of Distributed Denial of Services Attacks in 2013 Will Be Application - Based"
2591:
5394:"New DDoS Attack Method Demands a Fresh Approach to Amplification Assault Mitigation โ Blog | Imperva"
4355:
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks(DDoS) Resources, Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University
3819:
629:
A Markov-modulated denial-of-service attack occurs when the attacker disrupts control packets using a
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researchers, the most effective way to stop this attack is for companies to lock down UPnP routers.
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In other cases a machine may become part of a DDoS attack with the owner's consent, for example, in
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hubs to disconnect from their peer-to-peer network and to connect to the victim's website instead.
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simultaneous multi-threaded OSI layer attacks (sophisticated tools operating at layers 3 through 7)
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servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits
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6706:
5863:
5684:
5230:
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Yu Chen; Kai Hwang; Yu-Kwong Kwok (2005). "Filtering of shrew DDoS attacks in frequency domain".
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4019:
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below it. In an implementation, the application and presentation layers are frequently combined.
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in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended
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5771:
5231:"Microsoft Security Advisory (975497): Vulnerabilities in SMB Could Allow Remote Code Execution"
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2135:
countries, committing criminal denial-of-service attacks may, as a minimum, lead to arrest. The
730:
and can cause server-running software to fill the disk space or consume all available memory or
550:
packets. A common way of achieving this today is via distributed denial-of-service, employing a
4946:
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refers to observing backscatter packets arriving at a statistically significant portion of the
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tactical execution (attack with both primary and secondary victims but the focus is on primary)
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3009:"A Survey of Defense Mechanisms Against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Flooding Attacks"
2413:
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2614:"Distributed Denial of Service Attacks - The Internet Protocol Journal - Volume 7, Number 4"
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457:
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6070:
3948:"SANS Institute โ Intrusion Detection FAQ: Distributed Denial of Service Attack Tools: n/a"
2082:
Numerous websites offering tools to conduct a DDoS attack were seized by the FBI under the
1561:
prior to versions 2.0.32 and 2.1.63 are vulnerable to this attack. One of the fields in an
814:
is a classic example of a DDoS tool. It uses a layered structure where the attacker uses a
689:
is a classic example of a DDoS tool. It uses a layered structure where the attacker uses a
6781:
6761:
6484:
6474:
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2321:
2289: โ Open source network stress testing and denial-of-service attack application (LOIC)
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1967:
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1911:
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for over an hour. The release of sample code during the event led to the online attack of
299:
221:
178:
149:
4677:
3736:"Risk-Sensitive Control Under Markov Modulated Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack Strategies"
3688:
3180:
3008:
2644:
1593:, telephony denial-of-service (TDoS) has appeared as part of various fraudulent schemes:
827:. These attacks can use different types of internet packets such as TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.
390:. On 14 January 2024, they executed a DDoS attack on Swiss federal websites, prompted by
290:
attack, which brought down its services for several days while hardware vendors, notably
6272:"Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Against Independent Media and Human Rights Sites"
6270:
Ethan Zuckerman; Hal Roberts; Ryan McGrady; Jillian York; John Palfrey (December 2011).
6183:
3334:
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science
2205: โ Collection of compromised internet-connected devices controlled by a third party
1414:, etc. As soon as this occurred, these websites were all unreachable for several hours.
975:
of the network, rather than a specific machine. The attacker will send large numbers of
6951:
6849:
6699:
6649:
6624:
6589:
6569:
6449:
6437:
6342:
4649:"CVE-2022-26143: A Zero-Day vulnerability for launching UDP amplification DDoS attacks"
4285:
4171:
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2136:
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with a substantial amount of invalid data, to submitting requests with an illegitimate
182:
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3842:
Computational Intelligence in Security for Information Systems Conference (CISIS 2015)
3524:
2027:
in 2016. This could be caused when a server provides some service at a specific time.
248:
153:
Diagram of a DDoS attack. Note how multiple computers are attacking a single computer.
6966:
6861:
6822:
6791:
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6639:
6629:
6599:
6277:. The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. Archived from
5791:
5347:
4907:
4336:
4131:
3720:
3410:
3369:
3133:
An Investigation into the Detection and Mitigation of Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks
2980:"Unprecedented 3.15 Billion Packet Rate DDoS Attack Mitigated by Global Secure Layer"
2762:
2426:
2368:
2262:
2019:
1996:
1907:
1882:
1625:
1578:
1398:
1102:
1003:
855:
591:
large computing capacity (access to substantial computer power and network bandwidth)
432:
A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack occurs when multiple systems flood the
383:
5688:
5253:
5099:
4856:
4247:
4216:
1633:-867-5309 subscribers inundated by hundreds of calls daily in response to the song "
998:
hosts. It is very simple to launch, the primary requirement being access to greater
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6751:
6454:
6140:
5265:
5114:
4756:
3759:
3199:
2125:
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2015:
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effect". Routers have also been known to create unintentional DoS attacks, as both
1919:
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359:
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4417:
4087:"Cyber-Extortionists Targeting the Financial Sector Are Demanding Bitcoin Ransoms"
2480:
Elleithy, Khaled; Blagovic, Drazen; Cheng, Wang; Sideleau, Paul (1 January 2005).
2124:
handles cases of DoS and DDoS. In one example, in July 2019, Austin Thompson, aka
1460:
1456:
1452:
349:
that was up to 17.2 million requests per second. Russian DDoS prevention provider
6309:
PC World - Application Layer DDoS Attacks are Becoming Increasingly Sophisticated
6227:"Authorities across the world going after users of biggest DDoS-for-hire website"
5661:
Alqahtani, S.; Gamble, R. F. (1 January 2015). "DDoS Attacks in Service Clouds".
4921:
4564:
3951:
3298:
2954:"Google mitigated the largest DDoS attack to date, peaking above 398 million rps"
2668:"Google says it mitigated a 2.54 Tbps DDoS attack in 2017, largest known to date"
2112:
In the US, denial-of-service attacks may be considered a federal crime under the
908:
First discovered in 2009, the HTTP slow POST attack sends a complete, legitimate
6835:
6669:
6644:
6609:
6444:
6325:
6023:
5437:
4039:"HACKING ONLINE POLLS AND OTHER WAYS BRITISH SPIES SEEK TO CONTROL THE INTERNET"
3383:
Xu, Xiaoqiong; Li, Jin; Yu, Hongfang; Luo, Long; Wei, Xuetao; Sun, Gang (2020).
2818:"Cloudflare mitigates record-breaking 71 million request-per-second DDoS attack"
2274:
2100:
Many jurisdictions have laws under which denial-of-service attacks are illegal.
1735:
1602:
1535:
1318:
909:
879:
839:
693:
to connect to handlers which are compromised systems that issue commands to the
485:
279:
218:
50:
4810:
4626:
3735:
3401:
3384:
3181:"World's largest 1 Tbps DDoS Attack launched from 152,000 hacked Smart Devices"
2718:
1843:
based IPS may detect and block denial-of-service attacks because they have the
794:
can carry DDoS attack mechanisms; one of the better-known examples of this was
6900:
6716:
6664:
6547:
6427:
4653:
2482:"Denial of Service Attack Techniques: Analysis, Implementation and Comparison"
2170:
site asking that DDoS be recognized as a legal form of protest similar to the
2105:
2091:
2067:
1720:
1642:
1554:
1550:
1271:
1119:
1043:
983:
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342:
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6337:
5711:
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4328:
4308:
3751:
3712:
3457:
3351:
3221:
3204:
DDoS attacks : evolution, detection, prevention, reaction, and tolerance
3059:
2199: โ Prank fax transmission designed to waste the recipient's ink or paper
6776:
6731:
6726:
6574:
6542:
5516:
5469:
5451:
4738:
4357:. Advanced Networking Management Lab (ANML). 3 December 2009. Archived from
3781:
3506:"Q4 2014 State of the Internet - Security Report: Numbers - The Akamai Blog"
3314:
2362:
2344:
2280:
2238:
2232:
2196:
2193: โ Denial-of-service attack at XML parsers, exploiting entity expansion
1891:
1669:
response. Generating many of these responses can overload the router's CPU.
1650:
1630:
1582:
1562:
1506:
1488:
clients' TCP receive buffer slowly, which causes a very low data flow rate.
1196:
995:
859:
851:
753:
735:
645:(US-CERT) has identified symptoms of a denial-of-service attack to include:
582:
and extensive decoyed scanning crafted to evade detection over long periods)
522:
307:
287:
229:
158:
5670:
4613:"An Analysis of Using Reflectors for Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks"
6354:
4889:
4444:
1601:
A scammer contacts consumers with a bogus claim to collect an outstanding
386:
targeted several Italian financial institutions, through the execution of
6736:
6694:
6557:
5915:
5002:
The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (LCN'05)l
2379:
2184:
1971:
1609:
1106:
731:
607:
5009:
4848:
30:"DoS" redirects here. For the family of computer operating systems, see
6746:
6721:
6684:
6372:
5083:
5017:
3782:"Cyber Security Tip ST04-015 - Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks"
3704:
3264:
3042:
Theoretical and experimental methods for defending against DDoS attacks
2151:
2007:
1987:
1682:
1653:
or continuous fax transmission by using a loop of paper at the sender.
1439:(SACK) may be used by a remote peer to cause a denial of service by an
1411:
1407:
1354:
1222:
1039:
1035:
897:
884:
791:
682:
437:
379:
311:
295:
225:
6137:"Get rekt: Two years in clink for game-busting DDoS brat DerpTrolling"
5419:
5156:
3158:"Record-breaking DDoS reportedly delivered by >145k hacked cameras"
2174:, the claim being that the similarity in the purpose of both is same.
1050:
port 139 of the victim's machine, causing it to lock up and display a
6659:
6604:
6519:
6348:
5592:. NANOG23. 23 October 2001. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021
5318:"Internet Crime Complaint Center's (IC3) Scam Alerts January 7, 2013"
5146:
5133:
4940:
4730:
Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference
4682:
4358:
4217:"CC (challenge collapsar) attack defending method, device and system"
2259: โ Use of espionage for commercial purposes rather than security
2202:
2132:
2101:
1992:
1983:
1975:
1716:
1539:
1330:
1073:
1064:
Direct Connect (protocol) ยง Direct Connect used for DDoS attacks
831:
795:
674:
551:
404:
399:
350:
5552:. NANOG28. 3 January 2003. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021
3854:
870:
has tools built for DDoS, named PREDATORS FACE and ROLLING THUNDER.
685:
and launch their attacks without the knowledge of the system owner.
17:
3609:"38-Day Long DDoS Siege Amounts to Over 50 Petabits in Bad Traffic"
3342:
3014:. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. pp. 2046โ2069.
2694:"US service provider survives the biggest recorded DDoS in history"
2070:
space to determine the characteristics of DoS attacks and victims.
2745:"Cloudflare Mitigated Record-Setting 17.2 Million RPS DDoS Attack"
2394: โ Compromised computer used for malicious tasks on a network
2385:
2333:
2077:
1558:
1183:
932:
345:
boasted of protecting its client from a DDoS attack from a global
291:
148:
4580:"Amplification Hell: Revisiting Network Protocols for DDoS Abuse"
4064:"Who's Behind DDoS Attacks and How Can You Protect Your Website?"
3734:
Befekadu, Getachew K.; Gupta, Vijay; Antsaklis, Panos J. (2015).
3385:"Towards Yo-Yo attack mitigation in cloud auto-scaling mechanism"
3328:
Barr, Anat; Ben David, Ronen (2021). "Kubernetes Autoscaling: Yo
2486:
School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications
2437:
which is a higher layer than the TCP packets that teardrop used).
1820:, all the traffic to the attacked DNS or IP address is sent to a
1765:
All traffic destined to the victim is diverted to pass through a
378:(OTW) and reliant on donations, is unlikely to meet the $ 30,000
5979:"People Overload Website, Hoping To Help Search For Missing Jet"
4284:(in Simplified Chinese). ้ฉฑๅจไธญๅฝ็ฝ(ๅไบฌ). 24 July 2014. Archived from
2903:"Switzerland hit by cyberattack after Ukraine president's visit"
2002:
Legal action has been taken in at least one such case. In 2006,
1979:
1698:
1542:
1492:
Sophisticated low-bandwidth Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack
1374:
1284:
1246:
867:
765:
214:
6376:
5296:"FBI โ Phony Phone Calls Distract Consumers from Genuine Theft"
3426:
Counterterrorism and Cybersecurity: Total Information Awareness
2928:"HTTP/2 Rapid Reset: deconstructing the record-breaking attack"
362:
actors and hacktivists, aimed at undermining Ukraine's allies.
6331:
5470:"Stupidly Simple DDoS Protocol (SSDP) generates 100 Gbps DDoS"
5452:"Stupidly Simple DDoS Protocol (SSDP) generates 100 Gbps DDoS"
4248:"CC (Challenge Collapsar) attack protection method and device"
4110:"Akamai warns of increased activity from DDoS extortion group"
3816:"The "stacheldraht" distributed denial of service attack tool"
2330: โ Anti-distributed-denial-of-service (anti-DDoS) service
2324: โ Use of bogus legal documents as a method of harassment
1894:
has optional features that can reduce the impact of flooding.
1234:
243:
44:
31:
4309:"Danger Theory Based Risk Evaluation Model for Smurf Attacks"
3875:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 2007. p. 397.
2104:
highlights that 156 countries, or 80% globally, have enacted
6498:
6369:
An Attempt to Bring SlowLoris and Slow Network Tools on LOIC
5735:
Patrikakis, C.; Masikos, M.; Zouraraki, O. (December 2004).
5663:
2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
5258:
New Age Cyber Threat Mitigation for Cloud Computing Networks
2845:"AO3 fanfiction site forced offline by wave of DDoS attacks"
2555:"Brand.com President Mike Zammuto Reveals Blackmail Attempt"
2371: โ Interference with authorized wireless communications
1018:
A nuke is an old-fashioned denial-of-service attack against
3002:
3000:
1906:
capability. Some switches provide automatic or system-wide
1723:
has described SSDP as the "Stupidly Simple DDoS Protocol".
5626:"DDoS Mitigation via Regional Cleaning Centers (Jan 2004)"
4706:"DRDoS / Amplification Attack using ntpdc monlist command"
4018:
Zeifman, Igal; Gayer, Ofer; Wilder, Or (21 October 2015).
2277: โ Software means of causing computer hardware damage
1847:
and the granularity to analyze the attacks and act like a
1068:
Attackers have found a way to exploit a number of bugs in
955:
for short. Consequently, this type of attack got the name
34:. For the United States federal executive department, see
5586:"Diversion and Sieving Techniques to Defeat DDoS attacks"
2573:"Brand.com's Mike Zammuto Discusses Meetup.com Extortion"
2353: โ Software for executing a denial-of-service attack
2235: โ Denial-of-service attack directed at a DNS server
2227:
Distributed denial-of-service attacks on root nameservers
1026:
packets sent to the target, achieved by using a modified
986:
is based on sending the victim an overwhelming number of
6166:"International Action Against DD4BC Cybercriminal Group"
5497:"Protection Against Denial of Service Attacks: A Survey"
2365: โ Interface enabling remote access to a web server
2217: โ Denial of service attack against a Wi-Fi network
1622:
2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal
1093:
management interfaces of the victim's hardware, such as
5179:"CERT Advisory CA-1997-28 IP Denial-of-Service Attacks"
4517:"Permanent Denial-of-Service Attack Sabotages Hardware"
3544:"DDoS Attack Used 'Headless' Browser In 150-Hour Siege"
3299:"Yo-Yo Attack: Vulnerability In Auto-scaling Mechanism"
3040:
Khalifeh, Soltanian, Mohammad Reza (10 November 2015).
2311:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2302:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
2116:
with penalties that include years of imprisonment. The
1661:
It takes more router resources to drop a packet with a
588:
explicit motivation (a calculated end game/goal target)
260:
5065:
5063:
2382: โ Linux trojan malware with rootkit capabilities
1471:
The shrew attack is a denial-of-service attack on the
830:
These collections of compromised systems are known as
5420:"Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center"
4561:"EUSecWest Applied Security Conference: London, U.K."
4410:"Prolexic Distributed Denial of Service Attack Alert"
444:
may be impossible to stop the attack simply by using
3254:"Imperva, Global DDoS Threat Landscape, 2019 Report"
2309: โ 2016 cyberattack in Europe and North America
6810:
6510:
6410:
4936:"SACK Panic and Other TCP Denial of Service Issues"
4627:"Alert (TA14-017A) UDP-based Amplification Attacks"
3484:"What you should know about worsening DDoS attacks"
3477:
3475:
2336: โ Regular expression denial-of-service attack
2004:
Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corporation
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6334:- Quarterly Security and Internet trend statistics
6032:Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis
504:) is a form of DDoS attack where attackers target
6188:legislation.gov.uk โ The National Archives, of UK
5819:"Cyber security vulnerability concerns skyrocket"
5344:"TTL Expiry Attack Identification and Mitigation"
5254:"Solutions for DDoS Attacks on Cloud Environment"
5134:"TCP SYN Flooding Attacks and Common Mitigations"
3663:"Stress-Testing the Booter Services, Financially"
2870:"Archive of Our Own is down due to a DDoS attack"
2793:"2022 in review: DDoS attack trends and insights"
2791:Team, Azure Network Security (21 February 2023).
2719:"Amazon 'thwarts largest ever DDoS cyber-attack'"
2645:"5 Famous Botnets that held the internet hostage"
2241: โ Type of denial-of-service software attack
1715:to a destination address of their choice. With a
1581:has made abusive origination of large numbers of
838:still use classic DoS attack methods centered on
742:(WAFs). All attacks belonging to the category of
382:ransom. In August 2023, the group of hacktivists
189:. Denial of service is typically accomplished by
6345:CERT's Guide to DoS attacks. (historic document)
5938:Google Product Forums โบ Google Search Forum
5877:"Some IoS tips for Internet Service (Providers)"
5610:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5570:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5546:"MPLS-Based Synchronous Traffic Shunt (NANOG28)"
4441:"Peer-to-peer networks co-opted for DOS attacks"
3111:
3109:
2530:"Empty DDoS Threats: Meet the Armada Collective"
2388: โ Denial-of-service bot discovered in 2012
2118:Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
1677:A UPnP attack uses an existing vulnerability in
713:has typically been used in this way. Along with
6118:"Utah Man Sentenced for Computer Hacking Crime"
5201:"Windows 7, Vista exposed to 'teardrop attack'"
3786:United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team
3632:"Video games company hit by 38-day DDoS attack"
2425:Although in September 2009, a vulnerability in
2062:as indirect evidence of such attacks. The term
643:United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team
480:attack is a specific type of DoS/DDoS aimed at
370:(AO3) faced DDoS attacks, disrupting services.
5260:, BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, pp. 42โ55,
2318: โ Joint operation to close DDoS websites
2253: โ Type of denial-of-service cyber attack
1022:consisting of fragmented or otherwise invalid
963:Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood
535:International Organization for Standardization
6388:
4811:"Alert (TA13-088A) DNS Amplification Attacks"
4001:"Hacking CCTV Cameras to Launch DDoS Attacks"
2763:"Yandex Pummeled by Potent Meris DDoS Botnet"
2347: โ Experimental denial of service attack
2300: โ Network protection device or software
2271: โ Network protection device or software
726:Application-layer attacks employ DoS-causing
8:
6357:- The Well Known Network Stress Testing Tool
6332:Akamai State of the Internet Security Report
4491:"Phlashing attack thrashes embedded systems"
2247: โ Denial-of-service attack tool (HOIC)
337:experienced an attack with a peak volume of
318:experienced an attack with a peak volume of
6071:"Cybercrime Legislation Worldwide | UNCTAD"
3809:
3807:
3238:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3092:"Has Your Website Been Bitten By a Zombie?"
3076:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2359: โ Online civil disobedience technique
1799:Application level key completion indicators
1443:in the Linux kernel, potentially causing a
1046:. A string of out-of-band data was sent to
1038:, which exploited the vulnerability in the
456:. Some common examples of DDoS attacks are
6395:
6381:
6373:
6351:โ Real-time global report of DDoS attacks.
6002:"Experts cast doubt on Census DDoS claims"
4321:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.467-469.515
4132:"OWASP Plan - Strawman - Layer_7_DDOS.pdf"
3818:. University of Washington. Archived from
3542:Higgins, Kelly Jackson (17 October 2013).
3234:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3044:. Amiri, Iraj Sadegh, 1977-. Waltham, MA.
2901:swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (17 January 2024).
1902:Most switches have some rate-limiting and
1557:operating systems, as well as versions of
850:(types of bandwidth consumption attacks).
819:with the owner's consent, for example, in
656:unavailability of a particular website, or
177:by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting
6939:Security information and event management
6328:Internet Denial-of-Service Considerations
5155:
5145:
4879:
3400:
3341:
3303:ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
2459:"Understanding Denial-of-Service Attacks"
2283: โ Punch card with all holes punched
1738:to the IP address of another computer or
625:Markov-modulated denial-of-service attack
298:event, disrupting Internet access to the
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
4830:
4828:
3975:"US credit card firm fights DDoS attack"
1165:
1140:distributed reflective denial-of-service
5737:"Distributed Denial of Service Attacks"
5550:Riverhead Networks, Cisco, Colt Telecom
5369:"New DDoS Attack Method Leverages UPnP"
4384:"What Is a Nuke? | Radware โ DDoSPedia"
4378:
4376:
4020:"CCTV DDoS Botnet In Our Own Back Yard"
3873:Encyclopaedia Of Information Technology
3297:; Rosensweig, Elisha (17 August 2015).
3187:from the original on 30 September 2016.
3179:Khandelwal, Swati (26 September 2016).
3007:Taghavi Zargar, Saman (November 2013).
2500:"What is a DDoS Attack? - DDoS Meaning"
2450:
2405:
1881:Similar to switches, routers have some
6254:. HuffingtonPost.com. 12 January 2013.
6053:"FBI Seizes 15 DDoS-For-Hire Websites"
5603:
5563:
5495:Loukas, G.; Oke, G. (September 2010).
4515:Jackson Higgins, Kelly (19 May 2008).
3740:IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
3332:Attack Vulnerability and Mitigation".
3227:
3065:
653:(opening files or accessing websites),
6916:Host-based intrusion detection system
5772:"How to prevent or stop DoS attacks?"
5635:. Sprint ATL Research. Archived from
4535:""BrickerBot" Results In PDoS Attack"
4139:Open Web Application Security Project
4108:Greenberg, Adam (14 September 2015).
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3569:
2786:
2784:
376:Organization for Transformative Works
7:
5934:"We're Sorry. Automated Query error"
5901:"SSDP DDoS attack | Cloudflare"
5787:"How to defend against DDoS attacks"
5770:Popeskic, Valter (16 October 2012).
5252:Bhardwaj, Akashdeep (12 June 2023),
5113:orbitalsatelite (8 September 2016).
4785:Vaughn, Randal; Evron, Gadi (2006).
3999:Swati Khandelwal (23 October 2015).
3814:Dittrich, David (31 December 1999).
3792:from the original on 4 November 2013
3168:from the original on 2 October 2016.
578:advanced reconnaissance (pre-attack
203:distributed denial-of-service attack
73:adding citations to reliable sources
6947:Runtime application self-protection
6338:W3C The World Wide Web Security FAQ
4578:Rossow, Christian (February 2014).
4190:HUAWEI CLOUD-Grow With Intelligence
4148:from the original on 9 October 2022
3780:McDowell, Mindi (4 November 2009).
3389:Digital Communications and Networks
3274:from the original on 9 October 2022
1406:which is the ISP for sites such as
1088:Permanent denial-of-service attacks
6124:from the original on 10 July 2019.
5960:"YouTube sued by sound-alike site"
5207:. 8 September 2009. Archived from
5050:"What is a Slow Read DDoS Attack?"
4585:. Internet Society. Archived from
4085:Solon, Olivia (9 September 2015).
3973:Leyden, John (23 September 2004).
3482:Ginovsky, John (27 January 2014).
3456:. 21 February 2013. Archived from
2590:Halpin, Harry (17 December 2010).
2298:Network intrusion detection system
2211: โ 2003 Windows computer worm
1868:In the case of a simple attack, a
1804:this path, through markers called
1136:Internet Protocol address spoofing
25:
6879:Security-focused operating system
6000:Palmer, Daniel (19 August 2016).
5916:"Web slows after Jackson's death"
5844:"FP Network Processor Technology"
5438:"UDP-Based Amplification Attacks"
5233:. Microsoft.com. 8 September 2009
4470:. DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know?
4258:from the original on 5 March 2019
4227:from the original on 5 March 2019
4196:from the original on 5 March 2019
3550:. InformationWeek. Archived from
3156:Goodin, Dan (28 September 2016).
3021:from the original on 7 March 2014
2843:Weatherbed, Jess (11 July 2023).
2187: โ Malware for Linux systems
2143:, which amended Section 3 of the
1695:Simple Service Discovery Protocol
36:United States Department of State
6675:Insecure direct object reference
4708:. support.ntp.org. 24 April 2010
4037:Glenn Greenwald (15 July 2014).
3950:. SANS Institute. Archived from
3607:Ilascu, Ionut (21 August 2014).
3523:Ali, Junade (23 November 2017).
1167:UDP-based amplification attacks
1030:utility to repeatedly send this
659:inability to access any website.
529:. The model is a product of the
247:
49:
6929:Information security management
5977:Bill Chappell (12 March 2014).
5914:Shiels, Maggie (26 June 2009).
4733:. ACM Press. pp. 449โ460.
4678:"Memcached 1.5.6 Release Notes"
4563:EUSecWest. 2008. Archived from
4443:. SecurityFocus. Archived from
3923:Networking and Mobile Computing
3661:Krebs, Brian (15 August 2015).
2215:Clear channel assessment attack
1948:Unintentional denial-of-service
1693:In 2014 it was discovered that
1591:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1080:, instructing clients of large
943:Challenge Collapsar (CC) attack
612:Some vendors provide so-called
60:needs additional citations for
5785:Froutan, Paul (24 June 2004).
5266:10.2174/9789815136111123010006
5072:IEEE Transactions on Computers
4945:. 17 June 2019. Archived from
4519:. Dark Reading. Archived from
4066:. Cloudbric. 10 September 2015
3921:Lu, Xicheng; Wei Zhao (2005).
3630:Gold, Steve (21 August 2014).
3198:Kumar, Bhattacharyya, Dhruba;
2575:. 5 March 2014. Archived from
2557:. 5 March 2014. Archived from
1783:Application front end hardware
772:Degradation-of-service attacks
602:Denial-of-service as a service
566:(APDoS) is associated with an
236:, can motivate these attacks.
1:
6024:"Backscatter Analysis (2001)"
5741:The Internet Protocol Journal
4468:"Denying distributed attacks"
2592:"The Philosophy of Anonymous"
2351:Slowloris (computer security)
2223: โ Android based malware
1473:Transmission Control Protocol
1447:. Jonathan Looney discovered
790:classified as a DDoS attack.
498:application layer DDoS attack
341:. In July 2021, CDN Provider
6135:Smolaks, Max (4 July 2019).
5132:Eddy, Wesley (August 2007).
4489:Leyden, John (21 May 2008).
3116:"Layer Seven DDoS Attacks".
2692:Goodin, Dan (5 March 2018).
2375:XML denial-of-service attack
2229: โ Type of cyber attack
2114:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
2084:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
2012:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
1970:when receiving traffic from
1837:Intrusion prevention systems
1616:TDoS can exist even without
1477:man-in-the-middle techniques
949:Uniform Resource Identifiers
681:, the tools are embedded in
531:Open Systems Interconnection
6934:Information risk management
6855:Multi-factor authentication
6411:Related security categories
6298:"DDOS Public Media Reports"
4787:"DNS Amplification Attacks"
4466:Fredrik Ullner (May 2007).
3925:. Birkhรคuser. p. 424.
3582:Kiyuna and Conyers (2015).
2141:Police and Justice Act 2006
1974:. It is also known as "the
1637:". TDoS differs from other
1574:Telephony denial-of-service
1475:where the attacker employs
1279:Fixed in libuTP since 2015
990:packets, usually using the
355:Russian invasion of Ukraine
326:, reaching a peak of about
7004:
6911:Intrusion detection system
6869:Computer security software
6525:Advanced persistent threat
6184:"Computer Misuse Act 1990"
6098:. gpo.gov. 25 October 2002
5747:(4): 13โ35. Archived from
3693:Computational Intelligence
3402:10.1016/j.dcan.2019.07.002
3094:. Cloudbric. 3 August 2015
2461:. US-CERT. 6 February 2013
2340:Resource exhaustion attack
2269:Intrusion detection system
2089:
2039:
1812:Blackholing and sinkholing
1749:
1520:
1217:Fixed in version 4.2.7p26
1101:. The attacker uses these
1061:
605:
568:advanced persistent threat
500:(sometimes referred to as
396:Davos World Economic Forum
84:"Denial-of-service attack"
29:
6973:Denial-of-service attacks
6496:
6490:Digital rights management
6300:. Harvard. Archived from
5590:Cisco, Riverhead Networks
4770:Adamsky, Florian (2015).
4439:Robert Lemos (May 2007).
4414:Prolexic Technologies Inc
4313:Key Engineering Materials
3900:. ABC-CLIO. p. 325.
3896:Schwabach, Aaron (2006).
2265: โ Programming idiom
2046:Internet background noise
1962:or spyware application".
1939:Blocking vulnerable ports
1806:key completion indicators
1697:(SSDP) was being used in
1543:fragmentation re-assembly
1437:selective acknowledgement
1082:peer-to-peer file sharing
904:HTTP slow POST DoS attack
823:, organized by the group
722:Application-layer attacks
570:and requires specialized
492:Application layer attacks
6635:Denial-of-service attack
6530:Arbitrary code execution
5864:Nokia Deepfield Defender
5712:10.5220/0004963006220628
3859:Amazon Web Services, Inc
3752:10.1109/TAC.2015.2416926
3525:"The New DDoS Landscape"
3352:10.5220/0010397900340044
2155:and other DDoS services.
2145:Computer Misuse Act 1990
768:attack is of this type.
163:denial-of-service attack
6845:Computer access control
6797:Rogue security software
6460:Electromagnetic warfare
6363:- A Simple HTTP Flooder
4874:. ACM. pp. 75โ86.
4792:. ISOTF. Archived from
4739:10.1145/2663716.2663731
4351:"Types of DDoS Attacks"
3946:Boyle, Phillip (2000).
3584:Cyberwarfare Sourcebook
3315:10.1145/2829988.2790017
3131:Raghavan, S.V. (2011).
2797:Microsoft Security Blog
2594:. Radicalphilosophy.com
2209:Blaster (computer worm)
2031:Side effects of attacks
1978:hug of death" and "the
1679:Universal Plug and Play
1523:IP fragmentation attack
1204:Fixed in version 1.5.6
842:and amplification like
705:organized by the group
564:advanced persistent DoS
558:Advanced persistent DoS
484:applications which use
6891:Obfuscation (software)
6620:Browser Helper Objects
6504:
5671:10.1109/HICSS.2015.627
5665:. pp. 5331โ5340.
5298:. FBI.gov. 11 May 2010
4813:. US-CERT. 8 July 2013
4629:. US-CERT. 8 July 2014
4307:Sun, Fei Xian (2011).
4278:"ๅฒไธๆ่ญๅๆญ่็้ปๅฎขๅทฅๅ
ท CC็ๅไธไป็"
4186:"What Is a CC Attack?"
4168:"OWASP HTTP Post Tool"
2087:
1924:deep packet inspection
1689:SSDP reflection attack
1589:. According to the US
1259:Quake Network Protocol
1105:to replace a device's
785:Distributed DoS attack
779:degradation-of-service
409:Minecraft game servers
154:
38:. For other uses, see
6983:Types of cyberattacks
6886:Data-centric security
6767:Remote access trojans
6502:
6361:High Orbit Ion Cannon
5889:on 10 September 2008.
5517:10.1093/comjnl/bxp078
4890:10.1145/863955.863966
4611:Paxson, Vern (2001).
4408:Paul Sop (May 2007).
2984:globalsecurelayer.com
2429:was referred to as a
2245:High Orbit Ion Cannon
2191:Billion laughs attack
2122:Department of Justice
2081:
1851:in an automated way.
1703:SSDP reflection attac
1383:Network Time Protocol
1175:Amplification factor
1097:, printers, or other
740:application firewalls
715:High Orbit Ion Cannon
394:'s attendance at the
152:
6818:Application security
6712:Privilege escalation
6580:Cross-site scripting
6433:Cybersex trafficking
6404:Information security
6355:Low Orbit Ion Cannon
6349:ATLAS Summary Report
6304:on 25 December 2010.
5706:. pp. 622โ628.
5642:on 21 September 2008
4799:on 14 December 2010.
4447:on 24 September 2015
4388:security.radware.com
4361:on 14 September 2010
4315:. 467โ469: 515โ521.
4174:on 21 December 2010.
3898:Internet and the Law
3844:. 249-259. Springer.
3424:Lee, Newton (2013).
2307:2016 Dyn cyberattack
2287:Low Orbit Ion Cannon
2257:Industrial espionage
2159:On January 7, 2013,
2064:backscatter analysis
1955:Michael Jackson died
1832:IPS based prevention
1793:bandwidth management
1701:attacks known as an
1639:telephone harassment
1511:half-open connection
1433:maximum segment size
1418:R-U-Dead-Yet? (RUDY)
1266:Fixed in version 71
1058:Peer-to-peer attacks
1052:Blue Screen of Death
711:Low Orbit Ion Cannon
69:improve this article
40:DOS (disambiguation)
27:Type of cyber-attack
6465:Information warfare
6423:Automotive security
6284:on 26 February 2011
5751:on 27 December 2015
5474:The Cloudflare Blog
5456:The Cloudflare Blog
5440:. 18 December 2019.
5010:10.1109/LCN.2005.70
4924:. 8 September 2016.
4849:10.1109/MC.2017.201
4567:on 1 February 2009.
4523:on 8 December 2008.
4246:ๆพๅฎชๅ; ๅฒไผ; ๅ
ณๅฟๆฅ; ๅฝญๅฝๆฑ.
3855:"Amazon CloudWatch"
3494:on 9 February 2014.
3488:ABA Banking Journal
3460:on 25 February 2013
3200:Kalita, Jugal Kumar
3183:. The Hacker News.
2932:The Cloudflare Blog
2822:The Cloudflare Blog
2769:. 10 September 2021
2293:Mixed threat attack
2042:Backscatter (email)
2025:Census in Australia
1647:obscene phone calls
1168:
1099:networking hardware
912:, which includes a
875:three-way handshake
651:network performance
631:hidden Markov model
511:Akamai Technologies
502:layer 7 DDoS attack
450:IP address spoofing
335:Amazon Web Services
282:, the third-oldest
6874:Antivirus software
6742:Social engineering
6707:Polymorphic engine
6660:Fraudulent dialers
6565:Hardware backdoors
6505:
6190:. 10 January 2008.
6172:. 12 January 2016.
5966:. 2 November 2006.
5823:ComputerWeekly.com
5211:on 6 November 2010
5084:10.1109/TC.2012.49
4686:. 27 February 2018
3705:10.1111/coin.12293
3642:on 1 February 2017
3554:on 22 January 2014
3336:. pp. 34โ44.
3295:Bremler-Barr, Anat
3206:. Boca Raton, FL.
2824:. 13 February 2023
2666:Cimpanu, Catalin.
2392:Zombie (computing)
2316:Operation PowerOFF
2221:Dendroid (malware)
2088:
2060:network telescopes
1761:Upstream filtering
1746:Defense techniques
1709:with amplification
1667:ICMP time exceeded
1618:Internet telephony
1587:caller ID spoofing
1463:on June 17, 2019.
1166:
928:Apache HTTP Server
864:internet of things
834:. DDoS tools like
744:timeout exploiting
539:presentation layer
527:abstraction layers
454:terabit per second
392:President Zelensky
368:Archive of Our Own
333:In February 2020,
259:. You can help by
155:
6960:
6959:
6922:Anomaly detection
6827:Secure by default
6680:Keystroke loggers
6615:Drive-by download
6503:vectorial version
6470:Internet security
6418:Computer security
6059:. 6 January 2019.
5940:. 20 October 2009
5721:978-989-758-019-2
5704:CLOSER Conference
5680:978-1-4799-7367-5
5275:978-981-5136-11-1
5027:978-0-7695-2421-4
5004:. pp. 8 pp.
4141:. 18 March 2014.
3932:978-3-540-28102-3
3907:978-1-85109-731-9
3882:978-81-269-0752-6
3822:on 16 August 2000
3746:(12): 3299โ3304.
3667:Krebs on Security
3361:978-989-758-510-4
3202:(27 April 2016).
3118:Infosec Institute
2960:. 10 October 2023
2958:Google Cloud Blog
2934:. 10 October 2023
2751:. 23 August 2021.
2624:on 26 August 2019
2561:on 11 March 2014.
2528:(25 April 2016).
2506:. 13 January 2021
2164:posted a petition
2150:In January 2019,
1855:DDS based defense
1818:blackhole routing
1657:TTL expiry attack
1531:involves sending
1397:works by using a
1365:
1364:
1148:ICMP echo request
1124:Hewlett-Packard's
1113:The intent is to
1020:computer networks
1002:than the victim.
973:broadcast address
821:Operation Payback
703:Operation Payback
673:In cases such as
664:Attack techniques
517:Application layer
506:application-layer
466:DNS amplification
446:ingress filtering
277:
276:
145:
144:
137:
119:
16:(Redirected from
6995:
6988:Internet outages
6831:Secure by design
6762:Hardware Trojans
6595:History sniffing
6585:Cross-site leaks
6480:Network security
6397:
6390:
6383:
6374:
6305:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6283:
6276:
6256:
6255:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5882:. Archived from
5881:
5872:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5840:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5829:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5795:. Archived from
5782:
5776:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5641:
5630:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5582:
5576:
5575:
5569:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5526:on 24 March 2012
5525:
5519:. Archived from
5511:(7): 1020โ1037.
5501:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5324:. 7 January 2013
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5149:
5147:10.17487/RFC4987
5129:
5123:
5122:
5115:"Slow HTTP Test"
5110:
5104:
5103:
5078:(5): 1031โ1043.
5067:
5058:
5057:
5054:NetScout Systems
5046:
5040:
5039:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4977:. Archived from
4969:"CVE-2019-11479"
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4883:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4791:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4584:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4420:on 3 August 2007
4416:. Archived from
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4380:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4170:. Archived from
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4015:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3699:(4): 1580โ1592.
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3638:. Archived from
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3611:. Softpedia News
3604:
3598:
3597:
3579:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3510:blogs.akamai.com
3502:
3496:
3495:
3490:. Archived from
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3345:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3258:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3225:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3071:
3063:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2907:SWI swissinfo.ch
2898:
2892:
2891:
2890:. 6 August 2023.
2884:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2620:. Archived from
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2438:
2433:, this targeted
2423:
2417:
2410:
2312:
2303:
2251:Hit-and-run DDoS
1845:processing power
1771:scrubbing center
1517:Teardrop attacks
1483:Slow read attack
1441:integer overflow
1169:
1130:Reflected attack
910:HTTP POST header
750:Slow DoS attacks
545:Method of attack
428:
427:
388:slow DoS attacks
340:
329:
321:
272:
269:
251:
244:
222:payment gateways
140:
133:
129:
126:
120:
118:
77:
53:
45:
21:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6806:
6506:
6494:
6485:Copy protection
6475:Mobile security
6406:
6401:
6318:
6313:
6296:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6263:Further reading
6260:
6259:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6145:
6143:
6134:
6133:
6129:
6120:. 2 July 2019.
6116:
6115:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5943:
5941:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5879:
5875:Suzen, Mehmet.
5874:
5873:
5869:
5862:
5858:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5827:
5825:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5802:
5800:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5768:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5722:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5681:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5602:
5595:
5593:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5562:
5555:
5553:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5458:. 28 June 2017.
5450:
5449:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5301:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5214:
5212:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5028:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4981:on 21 June 2019
4967:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4949:on 19 June 2019
4934:
4933:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4900:
4881:10.1.1.307.4107
4869:
4868:
4864:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4749:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4592:on 4 March 2016
4589:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4289:
4288:on 5 March 2019
4276:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4005:The Hacker News
3998:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3529:Cloudflare Blog
3522:
3521:
3517:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3362:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3226:
3214:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3064:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2876:. 10 July 2023.
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2579:on 13 May 2014.
2571:
2570:
2566:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2526:Prince, Matthew
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2431:teardrop attack
2424:
2420:
2412:The -t flag on
2411:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2322:Paper terrorism
2310:
2301:
2180:
2172:Occupy protests
2098:
2076:
2048:
2038:
2033:
1968:Slashdot effect
1950:
1941:
1932:Martian packets
1928:bogon filtering
1916:delayed binding
1912:traffic shaping
1900:
1879:
1866:
1857:
1849:circuit breaker
1834:
1814:
1801:
1791:and as part of
1785:
1767:cleaning center
1763:
1757:the following.
1754:
1752:DDoS mitigation
1748:
1729:
1691:
1675:
1659:
1576:
1567:fragment offset
1529:teardrop attack
1525:
1519:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1469:
1429:
1420:
1391:
1160:
1132:
1103:vulnerabilities
1090:
1066:
1060:
1016:
965:
945:
906:
893:
848:fraggle attacks
787:
774:
758:cloud computing
724:
671:
666:
649:unusually slow
639:
627:
610:
604:
572:DDoS mitigation
560:
547:
533:project at the
519:
494:
474:
430:
426:Distributed DoS
425:
424:
417:
372:Anonymous Sudan
338:
327:
319:
300:Las Vegas Strip
273:
267:
264:
257:needs expansion
242:
185:connected to a
141:
130:
124:
121:
78:
76:
66:
54:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7001:
6999:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6965:
6964:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6952:Site isolation
6949:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6936:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6850:Authentication
6842:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6828:
6825:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6650:Email spoofing
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6590:DOM clobbering
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6570:Code injection
6567:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6450:Cyberterrorism
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6438:Computer fraud
6435:
6425:
6420:
6414:
6412:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6364:
6358:
6352:
6346:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6317:
6316:External links
6314:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6294:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6257:
6243:
6218:
6193:
6175:
6157:
6127:
6109:
6087:
6062:
6044:
6015:
5992:
5969:
5951:
5925:
5906:
5892:
5867:
5856:
5835:
5810:
5799:on 2 July 2014
5777:
5762:
5727:
5720:
5694:
5679:
5653:
5633:SprintLabs.com
5617:
5577:
5537:
5487:
5476:. 28 June 2017
5461:
5443:
5429:
5411:
5398:Blog | Imperva
5385:
5360:
5335:
5309:
5287:
5274:
5244:
5222:
5192:
5170:
5138:Tools.ietf.org
5124:
5105:
5059:
5041:
5026:
4992:
4960:
4927:
4922:"R-u-dead-yet"
4913:
4899:978-1581137354
4898:
4862:
4824:
4802:
4777:
4762:
4747:
4719:
4697:
4669:
4658:. 8 March 2022
4640:
4618:
4603:
4570:
4552:
4526:
4507:
4481:
4458:
4431:
4400:
4372:
4342:
4299:
4269:
4252:Google Patents
4238:
4221:Google Patents
4207:
4177:
4159:
4123:
4100:
4077:
4055:
4043:The Intercept_
4029:
4010:
3991:
3965:
3954:on 15 May 2008
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3636:SC Magazine UK
3622:
3599:
3593:978-1329063945
3592:
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3395:(3): 369โ376.
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3309:(4): 103โ104.
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2767:threatpost.com
2754:
2736:
2725:. 18 June 2020
2710:
2684:
2658:
2643:Smith, Steve.
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2357:Virtual sit-in
2354:
2348:
2342:
2337:
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2328:Project Shield
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2168:whitehouse.gov
2157:
2156:
2148:
2137:United Kingdom
2129:
2075:
2072:
2037:
2034:
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2029:
2014:went missing,
1960:computer virus
1949:
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1853:
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1750:Main article:
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1635:867-5309/Jenny
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1390:
1387:
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1360:
1357:
1351:
1350:
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1343:Steam Protocol
1339:
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1327:
1326:
1324:
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1215:
1212:
1206:
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1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:2,200,000,000
1187:
1180:
1179:
1176:
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1159:
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1131:
1128:
1089:
1086:
1059:
1056:
1015:
1012:
964:
961:
944:
941:
919:Content-Length
914:Content-Length
905:
902:
892:
891:DDoS extortion
889:
856:Script kiddies
816:client program
786:
783:
773:
770:
723:
720:
691:client program
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
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638:
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623:
606:Main article:
603:
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546:
543:
518:
515:
493:
490:
473:
470:
429:
422:
416:
413:
324:Arbor Networks
320:2.54 Tb/s
275:
274:
254:
252:
241:
238:
143:
142:
57:
55:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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7000:
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6862:Authorization
6860:
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6848:
6847:
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6843:
6837:
6834:
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6823:Secure coding
6821:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6792:SQL injection
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6772:Vulnerability
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6757:Trojan horses
6755:
6753:
6752:Software bugs
6750:
6748:
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6666:
6663:
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6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6640:Eavesdropping
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6630:Data scraping
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6600:Cryptojacking
6598:
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5792:Computerworld
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5412:
5400:. 14 May 2018
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5349:
5348:Cisco Systems
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4112:. SC Magazine
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2263:Infinite loop
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2020:crowdsourcing
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1399:computer worm
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1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1158:Amplification
1157:
1155:
1153:
1152:Smurf attacks
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:puppet master
1075:
1071:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:Ping of death
1001:
997:
994:command from
993:
989:
985:
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974:
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960:
958:
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942:
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890:
888:
886:
881:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:smurf attacks
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
817:
813:
809:
806:containing a
805:
801:
797:
793:
784:
782:
780:
771:
769:
767:
763:
762:banana attack
759:
755:
751:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
696:
695:zombie agents
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
663:
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389:
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369:
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356:
352:
348:
344:
339:2.3 Tb/s
336:
331:
328:1.7 Tb/s
325:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
271:
262:
258:
255:This section
253:
250:
246:
245:
239:
237:
235:
232:, as well as
231:
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125:February 2024
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86: โ
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
74:
70:
64:
63:
58:This article
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6978:Cyberwarfare
6896:Data masking
6634:
6455:Cyberwarfare
6302:the original
6286:. Retrieved
6279:the original
6246:
6234:. Retrieved
6230:
6221:
6209:. Retrieved
6205:
6196:
6187:
6178:
6169:
6160:
6151:
6146:27 September
6144:. Retrieved
6141:The Register
6130:
6112:
6100:. Retrieved
6090:
6078:. Retrieved
6074:
6065:
6056:
6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6027:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
5995:
5983:. Retrieved
5972:
5963:
5954:
5942:. Retrieved
5937:
5928:
5919:
5909:
5895:
5884:the original
5870:
5859:
5847:. Retrieved
5838:
5826:. Retrieved
5822:
5813:
5801:. Retrieved
5797:the original
5790:
5780:
5765:
5753:. Retrieved
5749:the original
5744:
5740:
5730:
5703:
5697:
5662:
5656:
5644:. Retrieved
5637:the original
5632:
5620:
5594:. Retrieved
5589:
5580:
5554:. Retrieved
5549:
5540:
5528:. Retrieved
5521:the original
5508:
5503:
5490:
5478:. Retrieved
5473:
5464:
5455:
5446:
5432:
5423:
5414:
5402:. Retrieved
5397:
5388:
5376:. Retrieved
5373:Dark Reading
5372:
5363:
5351:. Retrieved
5338:
5328:10 September
5326:. Retrieved
5321:
5312:
5302:10 September
5300:. Retrieved
5290:
5279:, retrieved
5257:
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5225:
5213:. Retrieved
5209:the original
5204:
5195:
5183:. Retrieved
5181:. CERT. 1998
5173:
5161:. Retrieved
5137:
5127:
5118:
5108:
5075:
5071:
5044:
5001:
4995:
4983:. Retrieved
4979:the original
4972:
4963:
4951:. Retrieved
4947:the original
4939:
4930:
4916:
4871:
4865:
4843:(7): 80โ84.
4840:
4836:
4815:. Retrieved
4805:
4794:the original
4780:
4765:
4729:
4722:
4710:. Retrieved
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4681:
4672:
4660:. Retrieved
4652:
4643:
4631:. Retrieved
4621:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4587:the original
4573:
4565:the original
4555:
4543:. Retrieved
4541:. 4 May 2017
4538:
4529:
4521:the original
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4495:The Register
4494:
4484:
4472:. Retrieved
4461:
4449:. Retrieved
4445:the original
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4418:the original
4413:
4403:
4393:16 September
4391:. Retrieved
4387:
4363:. Retrieved
4359:the original
4354:
4345:
4312:
4302:
4290:. Retrieved
4286:the original
4281:
4272:
4260:. Retrieved
4251:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4220:
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4189:
4180:
4172:the original
4162:
4150:. Retrieved
4138:
4126:
4116:15 September
4114:. Retrieved
4103:
4093:15 September
4091:. Retrieved
4080:
4070:15 September
4068:. Retrieved
4058:
4046:. Retrieved
4042:
4032:
4023:
4013:
4004:
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3979:The Register
3978:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3952:the original
3941:
3922:
3916:
3897:
3891:
3872:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:the original
3794:. Retrieved
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3743:
3739:
3729:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3670:. Retrieved
3666:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3640:the original
3635:
3625:
3613:. Retrieved
3602:
3586:. Lulu.com.
3583:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:the original
3548:Dark Reading
3547:
3537:
3528:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3492:the original
3487:
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3453:
3444:
3428:. Springer.
3425:
3419:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3306:
3302:
3293:Sides, Mor;
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3260:
3248:
3203:
3193:
3174:
3162:Ars Technica
3161:
3151:
3135:. Springer.
3132:
3126:
3117:
3098:15 September
3096:. Retrieved
3086:
3041:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
2987:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2957:
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2896:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2821:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:
2771:. Retrieved
2766:
2757:
2749:SecurityWeek
2748:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2722:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2698:Ars Technica
2697:
2687:
2677:16 September
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2617:
2608:
2598:10 September
2596:. Retrieved
2585:
2577:the original
2567:
2559:the original
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2533:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2485:
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2453:
2430:
2421:
2408:
2158:
2126:DerpTrolling
2099:
2096:DPP v Lennon
2063:
2057:
2049:
2016:DigitalGlobe
2001:
1964:
1951:
1942:
1920:TCP splicing
1901:
1880:
1867:
1858:
1835:
1826:DNS sinkhole
1821:
1815:
1805:
1802:
1786:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1732:ARP spoofing
1730:
1727:ARP spoofing
1708:
1704:
1692:
1676:
1660:
1615:
1598:unreachable.
1577:
1566:
1547:Windows 3.1x
1536:IP fragments
1528:
1526:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1470:
1467:Shrew attack
1445:Kernel panic
1430:
1421:
1404:attacked Dyn
1395:Mirai botnet
1392:
1389:Mirai botnet
1373:
1366:
1161:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1110:
1091:
1077:
1070:peer-to-peer
1067:
1032:corrupt data
1017:
991:
982:
969:smurf attack
966:
956:
952:
946:
923:
918:
913:
907:
894:
872:
836:Stacheldraht
829:
812:Stacheldraht
808:zombie agent
788:
778:
775:
761:
748:
743:
725:
700:
687:Stacheldraht
672:
669:Attack tools
640:
628:
617:
613:
611:
563:
561:
548:
520:
501:
497:
495:
482:cloud-hosted
477:
475:
472:Yo-yo attack
462:SYN flooding
458:UDP flooding
442:
431:
418:
364:
360:nation-state
347:Mirai botnet
332:
316:Google Cloud
278:
265:
261:adding to it
256:
206:
202:
200:
171:cyber-attack
166:
162:
156:
146:
131:
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
6836:Misuse case
6670:Infostealer
6645:Email fraud
6610:Data breach
6445:Cybergeddon
6037:11 December
6004:. Delimiter
5944:11 February
5215:11 December
5119:SourceForge
5018:10722/45910
4615:. ICIR.org.
4365:11 December
4089:. Bloomberg
4048:25 December
3826:11 December
3796:11 December
3672:9 September
3261:Imperva.com
2773:23 December
2729:11 November
2651:20 November
2647:. tqaweekly
2510:5 September
2275:Killer poke
2036:Backscatter
2018:launched a
1995:or another
1736:MAC address
1673:UPnP attack
1643:prank calls
1603:payday loan
1276:4.0 - 54.3
1042:handler in
937:open source
880:SYN cookies
840:IP spoofing
486:autoscaling
219:credit card
211:web servers
207:DDoS attack
6967:Categories
6901:Encryption
6777:Web shells
6717:Ransomware
6665:Hacktivism
6428:Cybercrime
6236:29 January
6211:29 January
6202:"Newsroom"
6102:15 January
6075:unctad.org
6028:Animations
6008:31 January
5985:4 February
5755:13 January
5646:2 December
5596:30 October
5556:10 January
5530:2 December
5505:Comput. J.
5480:13 October
5281:9 February
5237:2 December
5163:2 December
4654:Cloudflare
4596:4 February
4545:22 January
3984:2 December
3765:19 October
3646:4 February
3558:28 January
3464:28 January
3343:2105.00542
2964:13 January
2938:13 January
2828:13 January
2534:CloudFlare
2445:References
2120:of the US
2106:cybercrime
2092:Cybercrime
2090:See also:
2068:IP address
2052:IP packets
2040:See also:
1822:black hole
1721:Cloudflare
1555:Windows NT
1551:Windows 95
1521:See also:
1461:2019-11479
1459:, CVE-
1457:2019-11478
1455:, CVE-
1453:2019-11477
1427:SACK Panic
1272:BitTorrent
1239:up to 179
1146:) attack.
1120:BrickerBot
1062:See also:
1044:Windows 95
1008:BlackNurse
984:Ping flood
852:SYN floods
800:IP address
343:Cloudflare
234:hacktivism
196:IP address
167:DoS attack
95:newspapers
6732:Shellcode
6727:Scareware
6575:Crimeware
6535:Backdoors
6367:LOIC SLOW
6030:(video).
5828:13 August
5092:0018-9340
4908:173992197
4876:CiteSeerX
4474:22 August
4451:22 August
4424:22 August
4337:110045205
4329:1662-9795
3721:214114645
3713:0824-7935
3411:208093679
3370:233482002
3230:cite book
3222:948286117
3068:cite book
3060:930795667
2989:28 August
2849:The Verge
2628:26 August
2504:Kaspersky
2363:Web shell
2345:SlowDroid
2281:Lace card
2239:Fork bomb
2233:DNS Flood
2197:Black fax
2161:Anonymous
1892:Cisco IOS
1864:Firewalls
1651:black fax
1641:(such as
1631:area code
1620:. In the
1606:agencies.
1583:telephone
1563:IP header
1507:SYN flood
1501:SYN flood
1197:Memcached
1186:MiCollab
1172:Protocol
1150:attacks (
1111:flashing.
1000:bandwidth
996:Unix-like
957:CC attack
860:extortion
825:Anonymous
754:SlowDroid
736:fork bomb
707:Anonymous
679:Slowloris
523:OSI model
434:bandwidth
384:NoName057
308:EarthLink
288:SYN flood
268:July 2017
230:blackmail
159:computing
6906:Firewall
6811:Defenses
6737:Spamming
6722:Rootkits
6695:Phishing
6655:Exploits
6343:cert.org
6122:Archived
5964:BBC News
5920:BBC News
5689:32238160
5606:cite web
5566:cite web
5100:26395831
4857:35958086
4837:Computer
4712:13 April
4662:16 March
4256:Archived
4225:Archived
4215:ๅ้น; ้ญๆด.
4194:Archived
4152:18 March
4143:Archived
3790:Archived
3269:Archived
3185:Archived
3166:Archived
3016:Archived
2723:BBC News
2380:Xor DDoS
2185:BASHLITE
2178:See also
2133:European
2074:Legality
1972:Slashdot
1898:Switches
1870:firewall
1789:switches
1610:Swatting
1289:10 - 50
1107:firmware
732:CPU time
728:exploits
637:Symptoms
618:stresser
608:Stresser
213:such as
191:flooding
179:services
6747:Spyware
6690:Payload
6685:Malware
6625:Viruses
6605:Botnets
6512:Threats
6288:2 March
6231:Europol
6206:Europol
6170:EUROPOL
6080:8 April
5849:15 June
5322:IC3.gov
5185:18 July
4985:21 June
4953:21 June
4817:17 July
4757:2094604
4690:3 March
4539:Radware
4500:7 March
4292:5 March
4282:NetEase
4262:5 March
4231:5 March
4200:5 March
3760:9510043
3615:29 July
3454:Gartner
3265:Imperva
3025:7 March
2912:8 April
2874:Polygon
2854:9 April
2802:7 April
2703:6 March
2414:Windows
2166:on the
2152:Europol
2008:YouTube
1988:Netgear
1877:Routers
1740:gateway
1683:Imperva
1565:is the
1533:mangled
1412:Netflix
1408:Twitter
1355:NetBIOS
1223:CHARGEN
1201:50,000
1095:routers
1040:NetBIOS
1036:WinNuke
924:logical
898:bitcoin
885:TCP SYN
832:botnets
792:Malware
683:malware
438:malware
380:Bitcoin
312:E-Trade
296:DEF CON
240:History
226:Revenge
187:network
169:) is a
109:scholar
6941:(SIEM)
6918:(HIDS)
6802:Zombie
6539:Bombs
6520:Adware
6324:
6057:Kotaku
5803:15 May
5718:
5687:
5677:
5404:29 May
5378:29 May
5353:24 May
5272:
5154:
5098:
5090:
5036:406686
5034:
5024:
4941:Ubuntu
4906:
4896:
4878:
4855:
4755:
4745:
4683:GitHub
4633:8 July
4335:
4327:
3929:
3904:
3879:
3758:
3719:
3711:
3590:
3432:
3409:
3368:
3358:
3220:
3210:
3139:
3058:
3048:
2539:18 May
2465:26 May
2203:Botnet
2102:UNCTAD
1993:Google
1984:D-Link
1976:Reddit
1717:botnet
1545:code.
1540:TCP/IP
1331:SNMPv2
1251:140.3
1227:358.8
1214:556.9
1178:Notes
804:trojan
796:MyDoom
709:. The
675:MyDoom
614:booter
552:botnet
405:Google
400:HTTP/2
351:Yandex
304:Sprint
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
6787:Worms
6782:Wiper
6700:Voice
6548:Logic
6282:(PDF)
6275:(PDF)
5981:. NPR
5887:(PDF)
5880:(PDF)
5685:S2CID
5640:(PDF)
5629:(PDF)
5524:(PDF)
5500:(PDF)
5205:ZDNet
5096:S2CID
5032:S2CID
4904:S2CID
4853:S2CID
4797:(PDF)
4790:(PDF)
4753:S2CID
4590:(PDF)
4583:(PDF)
4333:S2CID
4146:(PDF)
4135:(PDF)
3958:2 May
3756:S2CID
3717:S2CID
3407:S2CID
3366:S2CID
3338:arXiv
3278:4 May
3272:(PDF)
3257:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
3012:(PDF)
2672:ZDNet
2618:Cisco
2400:Notes
2386:Zemra
2334:ReDoS
2006:sued
1816:With
1769:or a
1559:Linux
1323:16.3
1311:30.8
1299:33.5
1296:ARMS
1263:63.9
1184:Mitel
1144:DRDoS
1115:brick
935:, an
933:OWASP
580:OSINT
478:yo-yo
415:Types
292:Cisco
280:Panix
215:banks
201:In a
181:of a
175:users
116:JSTOR
102:books
6553:Time
6543:Fork
6326:4732
6290:2011
6238:2019
6213:2019
6148:2019
6104:2014
6082:2024
6039:2013
6010:2018
5987:2016
5946:2012
5851:2024
5830:2018
5805:2010
5757:2010
5716:ISBN
5675:ISBN
5648:2011
5612:link
5598:2001
5572:link
5558:2003
5532:2015
5482:2019
5406:2018
5380:2018
5355:2019
5330:2013
5304:2013
5283:2024
5270:ISBN
5239:2011
5217:2013
5187:2014
5165:2011
5157:4987
5088:ISSN
5022:ISBN
4987:2019
4955:2019
4943:Wiki
4894:ISBN
4819:2013
4743:ISBN
4714:2014
4692:2018
4664:2022
4656:Blog
4635:2014
4598:2016
4547:2019
4502:2009
4476:2007
4453:2007
4426:2007
4395:2019
4367:2013
4325:ISSN
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