60:
131:
95:. In August 2020, the Jerusalem District Court ruled that the books were “treasures of the Jewish people” that had “historic, religious and national importance” and must be preserved. The best way to do so would be to keep them at the National Library under a public trust, it ruled. “The trust and its conditions are aimed at ensuring first and foremost the preservation of the Damascus Crowns and their care for the public, the Jewish people and future generations,” the court said.
88:
leather-bound manuscripts containing microscopic calligraphy and decorated with gold leaves, written mostly in Spain and Italy in the 1300s or as early as the 10th-century CE, were secretly brought to Israel. For centuries they were kept inside synagogues in the Syrian capital, and were presented to the public only at special events. The Jews of
Damascus treated them with respect and appreciation and ascribed unto them special talisman powers.
249:
The colophon on page 426b reads as follows (translated from the Hebrew): "I Menaḥem, the son of
Abraham, the son of Malek, whose inheritance is in Eden, wrote these twenty-four for the esteemed and precious Rabbi Yiṣ-ḥaq, the son of the honorable savant, Rabbi Abraham (may his Rock and Creator
87:
In 1940 the Crown was stolen from the synagogue, and was discovered again in 1962, and in 1993 was furtively taken out of Syria in an operation whose details remain largely undisclosed to the public, and purchased for the
National Library of Israel. Altogether, between 1993 and 1995, nine
120:). The codex is written on parchment. It includes 428 pages measuring 350 x 270 mm. The writing is in square Spanish-Hebrew script, three columns per page, except for the books Proverbs, Job and Psalms, which are written in two columns per page.
103:
The Crown contains the complete 24 canonical books of the Hebrew Bible, is punctuated in the
Tiberian tradition and contains trope symbols (cantillations) and orthographic notes on each page written in micrography, known as the
428:
333:
76:
in
Castile (modern-day Spain). The book was transferred to the Khush al-Bâsha al-Anâbi Synagogue in Damascus, Syria, hence the name of the Crown today. Historian and orientalist,
324:
418:
237:
373:
368:
393:
91:
One of the carpet pages of the Crown (containing an illustration) was sold at auction in June 1987, and purchased by the Jewish Museum in
363:
388:
209:
353:
186:
72:
According to his colophon, the
Damascus Crown was written in 1260 by Menaḥem son of Rabbi Abraham, the son of Malek, in the city of
164:
81:
59:
44:
books written in the 13th century CE, and brought by stealth to Israel from
Damascus, Syria in 1993. Today, it is housed at the
403:
378:
348:
383:
408:
328:
49:
413:
358:
278:
37:
123:
Between each of the parts of the Bible there is a colorful illustration page. The weekly biblical lections (
159:
250:
preserve him) Ḥadâd, and have concluded it on the second day , on the seventh day of the lunar month
53:
130:
192:
182:
45:
296:
423:
154:
149:
77:
23:
398:
41:
342:
92:
52:, in Jerusalem, under a public trust. The manuscript is not to be confused with the
181:(in Hebrew and English). Jerusalem: National Library of Israel. pp. 18–19.
259:
255:
144:
196:
80:, examined the codex when visiting Damascus in 1886. He was followed by
297:"The Bible that the Mossad smuggled: The Battle of the Damascus Crown"
233:
231:
229:
227:
73:
129:
58:
300:
251:
179:
Unrivaled
Unrevealed: Select Treasures of the National Library
279:"Israeli court: Damascus Bibles to stay in National Library"
127:) and pericopes are decorated in gold and other colors.
272:
270:
268:
290:
288:
429:Manuscripts of the National Library of Israel
8:
204:Ofer, Yosef (1989–1990). "Kitrei Torah".
223:
325:Damascus Crown (online digital images)
84:in 1919, who also examined the codex.
16:13th-century Hebrew codex of the Bible
334:Illuminated pages from Damascus Crown
7:
27:
295:Magenzi, Aviel (9 December 2014).
210:The Academy of the Hebrew Language
14:
419:13th-century biblical manuscripts
277:Ben Zion, Ilan (18 August 2020).
238:The Damascus Crown - An Overview
165:List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
208:(in Hebrew). 40–41. Jerusalem:
374:Jewish prayer and ritual texts
369:Jewish illuminated manuscripts
1:
394:Jews and Judaism in Damascus
134:Page 5 of the Damascus Bible
63:Page 4 of the Damascus Bible
445:
364:Jewish medieval literature
329:National Library of Israel
50:National Library of Israel
389:Jews and Judaism in Spain
99:Description of manuscript
354:Hebrew Bible manuscripts
38:Hebrew Bible manuscript
404:Jewish Spanish history
160:Cloisters Hebrew Bible
135:
64:
379:Jewish Syrian history
133:
62:
349:Biblical manuscripts
384:History of Damascus
281:. Associated Press.
254:, in the year 5020
177:Bruno, Ido (2011).
54:Damascus Pentateuch
409:13th-century books
136:
65:
206:Leshoneinu Le-'am
112:),as well as the
46:Hebrew University
436:
414:Judaism in Spain
359:Judaism in Syria
312:
311:
309:
307:
292:
283:
282:
274:
263:
247:
241:
235:
213:
200:
36:, is a complete
29:
444:
443:
439:
438:
437:
435:
434:
433:
339:
338:
321:
316:
315:
305:
303:
294:
293:
286:
276:
275:
266:
248:
244:
236:
225:
220:
203:
189:
176:
173:
171:Further reading
155:Golden Haggadah
150:Kennicott Bible
141:
101:
78:Abraham Harkavy
70:
17:
12:
11:
5:
442:
440:
432:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
320:
319:External links
317:
314:
313:
284:
264:
242:
222:
221:
219:
216:
215:
214:
201:
187:
172:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
140:
137:
100:
97:
82:Avinoam Yellin
69:
66:
40:containing 24
33:Keter Damascus
20:Damascus Crown
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
441:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
344:
335:
332:
330:
326:
323:
322:
318:
302:
299:(in Hebrew).
298:
291:
289:
285:
280:
273:
271:
269:
265:
262:) in Burgos."
261:
257:
253:
246:
243:
239:
234:
232:
230:
228:
224:
217:
211:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
188:9789659158515
184:
180:
175:
174:
170:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
138:
132:
128:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
96:
94:
93:Toledo, Spain
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
67:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
34:
25:
21:
304:. Retrieved
245:
205:
178:
124:
122:
117:
114:Masora Parva
113:
109:
106:Masora Magna
105:
102:
90:
86:
71:
32:
31:
19:
18:
240:(in Hebrew)
343:Categories
256:anno mundi
218:References
212:: 107–110.
145:Alba Bible
306:19 August
197:760903663
42:canonical
139:See also
28:כתר דמשק
125:Sedarim
116:(small
108:(large
68:History
424:Burgos
258:(1260
195:
185:
118:Masora
110:Masora
74:Burgos
24:Hebrew
399:Torah
308:2020
301:YNet
252:Adar
193:OCLC
183:ISBN
48:and
30:),
345::
327:,
287:^
267:^
260:CE
226:^
191:.
56:.
26::
310:.
199:.
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
