266:...Thus far went the record given by the Egyptians and their priests; and they showed me that the time from the first king to that priest of Hephaestus, who was the last, covered three hundred and forty-one generations, and that in this time this also had been the number of their kings, and of their high priests. Now three hundred generations are ten thousand years, three generations being equal to a hundred. And over and above the three hundred, the remaining forty-one cover thirteen hundred and forty years. Thus the whole period is eleven thousand three hundred and forty years; in all of which time (they said) they had had no king who was a god in human form, nor had there been any such either before or after those years among the rest of the kings of Egypt...Among the Greeks, Heracles, Dionysus, and Pan are held to be the youngest of the gods. But in Egypt, Pan is the most ancient of these and is one of the eight gods who are said to be the earliest of all; Heracles belongs to the second dynasty (that of the so-called twelve gods); and Dionysus to the third, which came after the twelve. How many years there were between Heracles and the reign of Amasis, I have already shown; Pan is said to be earlier still; the years between Dionysus and Amasis are the fewest, and they are reckoned by the Egyptians at fifteen thousand. The Egyptians claim to be sure of all this, since they have reckoned the years and chronicled them in writing.
31:
109:, is described as reigning for 28,800 years, followed by several later kings of similar periods. In total these antediluvian kings ruled for 241,200 years from the time when "the kingship was lowered from heaven" to the time when "the flood" swept over the land. However, most modern scholars do not believe the ancient Sumerians or Babylonians believed in a chronology of their own this old. Instead they believed that these figures were either fabrications, or were based on not literal solar years (365.2425 days) but instead
203:...These were the first to hold sway in Egypt. Thereafter, the kingship passed from one to another in unbroken succession ... through 13,900 years — ... After the Gods, Demigods reigned for 1,255 years; and again another line of kings held sway for 1,817 years; then came thirty more kings, reigning for 1,790 years; and then again ten kings ruling for 350 years. There followed the rule of the Spirits of the Dead ... for 5,813 years ...
796:. Other Arabic, Persian and Muslim sources place Zoroaster around the same date (600 BC). Therefore, if 8,900-9,000 years are added to about 600 BC the date of creation comes to 9600 - 9500 BC. A 12,000 year chronology places the end date at around 2400-2500 AD, which is why modern Zoroastrians believe they are living in the end few hundred years of the final era. Other dates for Zoroaster, however, differ and dates proposed for
927:
Numerous efforts have been made to determine the biblical date of creation, yielding varying results. Besides differences in interpretation, the use of different versions of the Bible can also affect the result. Two dominant dates for creation using such models exist, about 5500 BC and about 4000 BC.
426:
The Hindu religion is the only one of the world's great faiths dedicated to the idea that the Cosmos itself undergoes an immense, indeed an infinite, number of deaths and rebirths. It is the only religion in which time scales correspond to those of modern scientific cosmology. Its cycles run from our
398:
Twenty-four centuries before Isaac Newton, the Hindu Rig-Veda asserted that gravitation held the universe together. The
Sanskrit speaking Aryans subscribed to the idea of a spherical earth in an era when the Greeks believed in a flat one. The Indians before the fifth century BCE calculated the age of
759:
is estimated to have been born. Since
Zoroaster was born himself at the end of the 9th millennium (just before the 9,000th year), the date of creation can be calculated by counting back 8,900–9,000 years. The Persian Zoroastrian tradition places Zoroaster around the 7th or 6th century BC, since the
1476:
The Turin
Papyrus (in the register listing the Reign of the Gods) the final two lines of the column sums up: "Venerables Shemsu-Hor, 13,420 years; Reigns before the Shemsu-Hor, 23,200 years; Total 36,620 years." Scholars such as Wilkinson (1851), Bunsen (1845) and Meyer (1904) all came to the same
739:
himself at the end of the 9th millennium. The 9,000th year marked the start of the fourth and last age. Modern
Zoroastrians believe they are living currently in the final age. Since evil first entered the physical creation after the spiritual creation was complete, Zoroastrians maintain that for
207:
Using these times, 13,900 + 1,255 + 1,817 + 1,790 + 350 + 5,813 = 24,950 years, which counting back from Menes (3050 BC) fixes the creation at 28,000 BC. George
Syncellus preserved yet another set of figures for the predynastic "reign of the gods", 11,984 years for Gods and 2,646 for demigods
378:
were born later than this world's creation, so who knows from where it came into existence? None can know from where creation has arisen, and whether he has or has not produced it. He who surveys it in the highest heavens, he alone knows-or perhaps does not know." (Rig Veda 10.
924:, thus establishing a date for creation in a modern calendar. Since the biblical story lacks chronology for some periods, the duration of events has been subject to interpretation in many different ways, resulting in a variety of estimates of the date of creation.
912:, and goes on to list many of their descendants, in many cases giving the ages at which they had children and died. If these events and ages are interpreted literally throughout and the genealogies are considered closed, it is possible to build up a
142:...A man can scarcely believe them (Babylonians) for they reckon that, down to Alexander's crossing over into Asia, it has been four hundred and seventy-three thousand years, since they began in early times to make their observations of the stars.
1148:
was published, however, dating creation around 4000 BC became common, and was received with wide support. Proposed calculations of the date of creation using the
Masoretic from the 10th century to the 18th century include:
689:
Among the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers there were different opinions and traditions pertaining to the date of the creation. Some philosophers believed the
Universe was eternal, and actually had no date of creation.
952:
amounts to 1466 years (ignoring the "second year after the flood" ambiguity), which accounts for virtually all of the 1500-year difference between 5500 BC and 4000 BC. For example, the period from the creation to
2420:
2277:
Young’s
Analytical Concordance of the Holy Bible, 1879, 8th Edition, 1939—entry under ‘Creation’ quoting Dr. William Hales New Analysis of Chronology and Geography, History and Prophecy, Vol. 1, 1830, p.
374:
Neither being (sat) nor non-being was as yet. What was concealed? And where? And in whose protection?…Who really knows? Who can declare it? Whence was it born, and whence came this creation? The
650:
also wrote something very similar; however, some ancient Greeks and Romans attempted to calculate the date for the creation by using ancient sources or records of mythological figures. Since
1408:"Science Deified & Science Defied: The Historical Significance of Science in Western Culture, Part 1640", p. 45, by Richard Olson, publisher = University of California Press
262:
wrote that the ancient
Egyptians had gods who ruled over them before the first dynasty of Egypt, but did not attempt to precisely date their creation by using their chronology:
422:
posit a view of the universe that is divinely created, and is not strictly evolutionary, but an ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth of the universe. According to Sagan:
928:
These were calculated from the genealogies in two versions of the Bible, with most of the difference arising from two versions of
Genesis. The older dates stem from the Greek
969:. According to the Masoretic Text, this period consists of 1,656 years, and Western Christian Bibles deriving from the Latin Vulgate also follow this dating. However, the
920:
are dated to an estimated number of years after creation. Some biblical scholars have gone further, attempting to harmonise this biblical chronology with that of recorded
551:) lasted from 2137 to 776 BC, or if Censorinus' own dates are used: 2376 BC to 776 BC, or finally if Castor's: 2123 BC to 776 BC. Ovid, however, dated the start of the
427:
ordinary day and night to a day and night of Brahma, 8.64 billion years long, longer than the age of the Earth or the Sun and about half the time since the Big Bang.
154:, believed the Babylonian kings were hundreds of thousands of years old, and that the Babylonians dated their creation 400,000–200,000 years before their own time.
2233:
892:
Within the biblical framework and chronology, various dates have been proposed for the date of creation since ancient times, to more recent periods. The
330:, reconstructed Herodotus' dates to conclude that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation to an astronomical (stellar) event some 30,000 years before
315:
1362:
777:
1287:, composed of astronomical data based on observation, from which the date of the creation has been calculated to be either 6984 BC or 6484 BC.
2042:
The "Era of Zoroaster", S. H. Taqizadeh, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1 (Apr., 1947), pp. 33-40.
678:(2376–2050 BC). Most ancient Greeks, however, did not subscribe to such a literalist view of using mythology to attempt to date the creation;
131:...Let us scorn the Babylonians...the men whose records, as they themselves assert, cover a period of four hundred and seventy thousand years.
2385:
2256:
1745:
782:
2375:
1904:
Theophilus, in the 4th century (ad Autol.), says he was one of the Titans, an earlier fragment from Thallus also makes this identification.
686:
wrote of such an "immense period" of time before the historical period (776 BC), and thus believed in a much greater age for the creation.
813:
285:
wrote that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation (or start of their reign of Gods) "a little less than eighteen thousand years" from
2594:
Chronologie De L'Histoire Sainte Et Des Histoires Etrangeres Qui La Concernent Depuis La Sortie D'Egypte Jusqu'A La Captivite De Babylone
2246:
1820:
1113:
2128:
1198:
828:
597:
The third stretches from the first Olympiad to us. Because the events in it are contained in true histories, he calls it “historical.”
127:, during the 3rd century BC), strongly criticised the claim that the Babylonians had kings going back hundreds of thousands of years:
2679:
2780:
2761:
2716:
2575:
2462:
1988:
1715:
543:
The second stretches from the first cataclysm to the first Olympiad; because many myths are recorded in it, it is called “mythical”.
847:
dates the creation of the world of human beings to 11 August 3114 BC (in the most commonly accepted correlation) according to the
844:
410:
have pointed out similarities between the latest scientific understanding of the age of the universe and the Hindu concept of a "
1322:
1248:
dates the creation to 4004 BC and became the most accepted and popular, mainly because this specific date was attached to the
2822:
1642:
1544:
1913:
The Greek word Ogygios (Ωγύγιος), meaning Ogygian, came to be synonymous with "primeval," "primal," or "from earliest ages".
1439:
30:
2346:
2207:
1132:("On Time") (completed in 703 AD) dated the creation to 18 March 3952 BC but was accused of heresy at the table of Bishop
306:
in the 5th century AD that the ancient Egyptians had archives of astronomy which started 40,000 years before his own era.
2796:
292:
Apollonius, an Egyptian pagan priest in the 2nd century AD, calculated the cosmos to be 153,075 years old as reported by
2100:
848:
278:(1290 BC), so 11,340 + 1290 = 12,630 BC, while he listed earlier figures, 15,000 and 17,000, for the reign of the gods.
2802:
2288:
1210:
663:
1311:
1118:
994:
944:, were often 100 years older when they begat their named son in the Septuagint than they were in the Hebrew or the
883:
418:", which is much closer to the current known age of the universe than other creation views. The days and nights of
962:
958:
852:
323:
2660:
The patriarchal dynasties from Adam to Abraham: Shown to Cover 10,500 Years, and the Highest Human Life Only 187
492:
1260:
2470:
1372:
1347:
1328:
1062:
1054:
887:
90:
1296:
399:
the earth as 4.3 billion years; scientists in 19th century England were convinced it was 100 million years.
1218:
949:
2477:
project has the full text of the annals online, both in the original Irish and in O'Donovan's translation
2445:
1357:
1066:
1050:
1046:
809:
605:
460:
293:
1128:
was one of the first to break away from the standard Septuagint date for the creation and in his work
217:, considered as Pseudo-Manetho by many scholars, provides different figures. One fragment from Pseudo-
2817:
1280:
1234:
1094:
970:
904:
creates the Earth, the rest of the Universe, and the Earth's plants and animals, including the first
679:
246:
237:
147:
1244:
Among the Masoretic creation estimates or calculations for the date of creation only the Archbishop
1041:
version of the Bible calculated creation as having occurred about 5500 BC, and Christians up to the
755:
Dating precisely the beginning of the start of the 12,000th year cosmogony rests solely on the date
2511:
1736:
1590:
Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920.
1352:
1301:
1194:
1186:
1154:
966:
788:
773:
347:
286:
255:
58:
50:
20:
2797:
Estimates of the age of the Earth -- when it was created by God or coalesced out of stellar matter
2665:
19:
This article is about religious and traditional beliefs. For the modern scientific consensus, see
1307:
1099:
1086:
1078:
1058:
978:
768:
580:
94:
2544:
Young’s Analytical Concordance of the Holy Bible, 1879 8th Edition, 1939—entry under ‘Creation’.
138:
also wrote something similar about how he believed the Babylonians fabricated their chronology:
2776:
2757:
2712:
2623:
2571:
2439:
2381:
2252:
2124:
1984:
1741:
1711:
1638:
1245:
1226:
1108:
1074:
1007:
667:
659:
299:
62:
35:
2592:
2415:
1827:
1658:
1477:
conclusion independently. This finding was later popularized by several non-scholarly books.
1284:
1249:
1230:
1222:
1162:
1082:
1070:
1017:
1012:
776:(356-323 BC) which dates Zoroaster from 614-581 BC. The 11th century Persian Muslim scholar
671:
647:
585:
xviii.3, which dates it to 2050 BC. The final period according to Censorinus and Varro, the
476:
282:
178:
135:
2754:
Dating the Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200–1600)
527:(776 BC) meaning 2376 BC. Castor of Rhodes also provided another date for the start of the
101:
kings and gives them reigns of several tens of thousands of years. The first Sumerian king
2466:
2424:
2211:
1367:
1256:
1190:
1174:
1158:
1150:
1022:
982:
897:
415:
375:
343:
166:
lists a mythical predynastic "reign of the gods" which first occurred 36,620 years before
163:
2657:
2459:
1762:
Ovid, Varro, and Castor of Rhodes: The Chronological Architecture of the "Metamorphoses"
1272:) related to Jesus, which also corresponds to date of creation based on Masoretic Text.
993:, which he argues took place when Terah was 130, and not 70 as is the direct reading of
786:, p. 17, l. 10, transl. Sachau). This date is also found in the historical account
1334:
1238:
1214:
1145:
1103:
933:
855:. There was also a previous creation that did not have a beginning date, but a date on
698:
666:"from earliest ages", some ancient Greeks or Romans dated the creation (beginning with
363:
213:
615:
Very few ancient Greeks or Romans attempted to date the creation, or beginning of the
2811:
2617:
1764:, Thomas Cole, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 102, (2004), pp. 355-422.
1315:
1306:
said he had collected over 200 different estimates, ranging from 3483 BC to 6984 BC.
1206:
954:
917:
411:
407:
54:
1693:"Upanishads: Gateways of Knowledge", p. 10, by M. P. Pandit, publisher = Lotus Press
1489:, (trans. W. G. Waddell), William Heinemann, London, 1940, Introduction pp. xvi-xvii
571:
for more details about Ovid's chronology. Another ancient date for the start of the
1178:
1170:
1166:
986:
909:
745:
724:
601:
452:
310:
182:
98:
46:
24:
1548:
1500:"Eusebius' Chronicle, Egyptian Chronicle, Diodorus, Manetho, Josephus, Porphyrius"
1136:, because his chronology was contrary to accepted calculations of around 5500 BC.
682:
was an early ancient Greek logographer who strongly criticised this method, while
319:(1728) but were dismissed by Newton because they did not fit Christian cosmology.
2118:
1632:
1621:, Robert M. Grant, Vigiliae Christianae, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Sep., 1958) pp. 136-144.
1443:
563:
the flood of Ogyges, meaning around 1900–1700 BC, but agreed with Varro that the
519:(mythical) period. Varro dated this flood to 2137 BC but Censorinus wrote in his
1703:
1202:
1042:
1005:
The earliest post-exilic Jewish chronicle preserved in the Hebrew language, the
860:
856:
835:
is fixed at 3000–2700 BC and therefore dates the creation about 39,000 BC.
741:
716:
568:
383:
110:
2204:
2377:
Chronology of the Old Testament: Solving the Bible's Most Intriguing Mysteries
2248:
Chronology of the Old Testament: Solving the Bible's Most Intriguing Mysteries
1731:
1038:
974:
929:
913:
872:
762:
707:
632:
609:
468:
436:
403:
367:
351:
241:
2313:
2222:
2292:
1026:
797:
793:
756:
749:
736:
728:
702:
576:
531:(mythical) period, 2123 BC. Censorinus recorded that the second period, the
503:
The first stretches from the beginning of mankind to the first cataclysm .
451:
Most ancient Greek and Roman chroniclers, poets, grammarians, and scholars (
331:
271:
259:
240:
recorded that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation to their first god
236:
The ancient Greeks reported similar figures on ancient Egyptian chronology.
81:, a question arises: Precisely how long ago did this creation event happen?
1928:
Ancient History and the Antiquarian: Essays in Memory of Arnaldo Momigliano
1089:
has traditionally dated the creation of the world to September 1, 5509 BC.
639:
If the origin of the world had been known to man, I would have begun there.
2568:
Celestial treasury: from the music of the spheres to the conquest of space
2438:
1182:
732:
590:
536:
524:
472:
432:
358:
192:
174:
120:
78:
70:
997:, thus adding 60 years to his chronology for events postdating Abraham.
627:) period to 2376–2050 BC, most did not claim to know when the creation (
2350:
2145:, Rupert Matthews, Todd Van Pelt, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009, p.6
1855:
1781:, Astrid Möller, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 45 (2005) 200–260.
1133:
990:
945:
941:
921:
683:
651:
619:(obscure) period. While all ancient sources (excluding Ovid) dated the
556:
523:
ch. xxi that the Ogyges’ diluvium occurred 1600 years before the first
440:
218:
151:
2512:"Bishop James Ussher Sets the Date for Creation: October 23, 4004 B.C"
1015:
in 160 AD, dates the creation of the world to 3761 BC while the later
146:
Despite these criticisms, some ancient Greeks, including most notably
2167:
Footbinding: a Jungian engagement with Chinese culture and psychology
675:
655:
419:
275:
274:
the ancient Egyptian demigods began 11,340 years before the reign of
254:. According to Laertius, Hephaestus (Ptah) lived 48,863 years before
116:
102:
1708:
Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science--from the Baby
1534:, Michael Hoffman, Michael O’Mara Books, 1991, pp. 12-13, pp. 24-36.
957:
derives from the genealogical table of the ten patriarchs listed in
908:, in six days. A second narrative begins with the first human pair,
515:
with the flood of Ogyges and what followed was the beginning of the
2533:
Zbiór pieśni nabożnych katolickich do użytku kościelnego i domowego
2406:
A history of the Franks, Gregory of Tours, Pantianos Classics, 1916
1499:
2644:
Epoch of Creation according to various authorities in Pre-Adamites
937:
905:
893:
824:
643:
456:
391:
226:
167:
123:(who composed a Greek-language history of Babylonia, known as the
106:
74:
73:, was brought into being in a grand creation event by one or more
66:
29:
1774:
1772:
1770:
608:, however, pushed back the start of the historical period to the
1125:
705:
and chronology, often divided into four ages as outlined in the
464:
251:
230:
222:
187:
973:
give an equivalent period of 1,307 years, and according to the
752:
brings about the final renovation of the world to defeat evil.
208:
producing 14,630 years, thus dating the creation to 17,680 BC.
2554:
New Analysis of Chronology and Geography, History and Prophecy
1950:
1948:
1794:. 3.1.2–3) roughly 2100 years before himself writing in 37 BC.
901:
170:(3050 BC), therefore dating the creation to around 39,670 BC.
2597:(in French). Vol. I. Berlin: Ambroise Haude. p. 19
827:
36,000 years (2 x 18,000) before the reign of the legendary
780:
also dated Zoroaster 258 years before the era of Alexander (
740:
9,000 years the world continues to be a battlefield between
2169:, Shirley See Yan Ma, Taylor & Francis, 2010, Page xvii
2730:. Vol. 17. Journal of the American Oriental Society.
863:
refers to a date possibly 24 trillion years in the past.
723:
creation of 3,000 years when evil entered the world (see
233:, #610 F2) and so dates the creation to about 39,575 BC.
711:. The first age lasted for 3,000 years and included the
2002:
2000:
2180:
Maya Cosmos: Three thousand years on the shaman's path
2195:(Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003) pp. 125-126
547:
Censorinus quoted Varro in saying the second period (
388:
Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science
2193:
Lightning Warrior: Maya Art and Kingship at Quirigua
1325:
in the 19th century dated the creation to 20,000 BC.
1098:(early 4th century) dated creation to 5228 BC while
948:(Genesis 5, 11). The net difference between the two
748:, which will end during the 12,000th year, when the
1981:
Zoroastrianism: an introduction to an ancient faith
792:(iv.107) written by the 9th-century Arab historian
2680:"Creation date of 11013 BC using Genesis 5 and 11"
851:, or Monday, 6 September 3114 BC according to the
535:, stretched from the flood of Ogyges to the first
119:, reacting to the chronologies of such authors as
1869:Die Epochen in Varros Werk De Gente Populi Romani
1852:Die Epochen in Varros Werk De Gente Populi Romani
1805:Die Epochen in Varros Werk De Gente Populi Romani
1619:Notes on the Text of Theophilus, Ad Autolycum III
1924:Tradition and Technique in Historical Chronology
2570:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26, 76.
1681:Sacred Science: The King of Pharaonic Theocracy
1520:Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated
1025:has traditionally, since the 4th century AD by
637:
595:
589:(historical) era, began from 776 BC (the first
541:
501:
499:(obscure), was calculated by Varro as follows:
479:) believed in a threefold division of history:
424:
396:
372:
264:
258:(b. 356 BC), dating the creation to 49,219 BC.
201:
140:
129:
2347:"Creationism and the Early Church - Chapter 3"
567:ended during the first Olympiad (776 BC). See
2709:A History of Zoroastrianism: the Early Period
2178:David Freidel, Linda Schele, and Joy Parker,
1926:, in M. H. Crawford and C. R. Ligota (eds.),
1631:Westra, Haijo Jan; Vester, Christina (1994).
1037:Many of the earliest Christians who used the
491:(historical) periods. According to the Roman
45:is the attempt to provide an estimate of the
8:
2314:"The Jewish Calendar and Biblical Authority"
1854:, RhM 57 (1902) 231–251; James Ussher dated
1522:, Gerald Verbrugghe, 2001, p. 126, 130, 176.
772:dates Zoroaster 258 years before the era of
2737:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 1
1815:
1813:
221:dates the reign of the first Egyptian God (
2622:. Vol. 1. Cincinnati: Jones. p.
2369:
2367:
2251:. New Leaf Publishing Group. p. 278.
2234:Catholic Encyclopedia: Biblical Chronology
2182:(New York: William Morrow, 1993) pp.59–75.
1116:formerly used this date, as did the Irish
989:agrees with the dating until the birth of
932:. The later dates are based on the Hebrew
623:of this period and start of the mythical (
362:questions the origin of the cosmos in the
316:The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended
2489:, Wallis, Faith, trans, pp. xxx, 405–415.
2380:. New Leaf Publishing Group. p. 26.
1363:Relationship between religion and science
658:and that Ogyges himself was considered a
2501:, Charles Roger Dundee, 1847, pp. 10-24.
2120:China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs
1954:
1310:attributes these values respectively to
575:(mythical) period is found preserved in
2664:. Richmond, Va: Josiah Ryland. p.
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2030:
1399:, Thorkild Jacobsen, 1939, pp. 71, 77).
1389:
654:was dated 400 years after the flood of
2803:Bishop Ussher Dates the World: 4004 BC
2556:, William Hales, vol. 1, p. 210, 1830.
2349:. Robibrad.demon.co.uk. Archived from
1045:continued to use this rough estimate:
435:, the last part of the current cycle (
16:Using creation myths to date the Earth
2711:. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
2157:, Lihui Yang, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 176.
2018:
2006:
1983:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 52.
1966:
783:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
735:was created, followed by the prophet
309:Herodotus' figures were discussed by
7:
2499:A Collation of the Sacred Scriptures
2449:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2417:The Penn Commentary on Piers Plowman
2336:, Charles Roger Dundee, 1847, p. 20.
2334:A Collation of the Sacred Scriptures
2289:"Definition of Jewish Calendar from"
1710:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 7–8.
1683:. Inner Traditions/Bear. p. 87.
1106:) dated creation to 5199 BC. In the
800:'s birth range from 1750 to 500 BC.
1114:Proclamation of the Birth of Christ
916:in which many of the events of the
823:dated the creation of the world by
2771:Delmar, Alexander (January 2003).
2460:from 5194 AM in the Annals at CELT
1634:De Nuptiis Philologiae Et Mercurii
1270:Looked out for four thousand years
829:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
674:) only a few hundred years before
439:) of time traditionally starts in
322:The mathematician and esotericist
191:), however, list different dates.
14:
2656:Crawford, Tarleton Perry (1877).
1659:"A Short Chronicle, Isaac Newton"
1029:, dated the creation to 3761 BC.
2726:Jackson, A. V. Williams (1896).
2443:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2291:. dictionary.net. Archived from
1429:Bibliotheca Historica, ii. 31. 9
1337:dated the creation to 11,013 BC.
1331:dated the creation to 12,500 BC.
845:Mesoamerican Long Count calendar
559:, whom he dated 400 or so years
495:Censorinus, the first period of
97:(WB 444) lists various mythical
2752:Nothaft, C. Philipp E. (2011).
2591:Des Vignoles, Alphonse (1738).
1547:. Masseiana.org. Archived from
1442:. Masseiana.org. Archived from
1323:Christian Charles Josias Bunsen
1199:Christen Sørensen Longomontanus
612:, which they fixed at 1184 BC.
302:, a pagan writer, wrote in his
195:, regarding Aegyptiaca, in his
77:. After these cultures develop
936:. The patriarchs from Adam to
808:The ancient Chinese historian
1:
2155:Handbook of Chinese Mythology
2117:Ju Brown; John Brown (2006),
2105:Zotenberg Chronique de Tabari
1579:Lives of Eminent Philosophers
2616:Ridpath, John Clark (1897).
2143:Ancient Chinese Civilization
2101:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
1606:Bibliotheca historica Book 1
1266:Cztery tysiące lat wyglądany
849:proleptic Gregorian calendar
727:). During the 6,000th year,
2619:Ridpath's Universal history
2440:"Biblical Chronology"
2103:dated Zoroaster to 626 BC (
1679:R. A. Schwaller de Lubicz.
1211:Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide
821:Three Five Historic Records
366:(the 129th hymn of Rigveda
2839:
2773:Worship of Augustus Caesar
2566:Marc Lachièze-Rey (2001).
2475:Corpus of Electronic Texts
2427:by Andrew Galloway page 69
2374:Floyd Nolen Jones (2004).
2245:Floyd Nolen Jones (2004).
2107:, i. 491-508, Paris, 1867.
1545:"Cory's Ancient Fragments"
1440:"Cory'S Ancient Fragments"
1312:Yom-Tov Lipmann-Muhlhausen
1291:Other biblical estimations
1119:Annals of the Four Masters
884:Genesis creation narrative
881:
878:Genesis creation narrative
870:
631:period) exactly began. As
341:
53:as understood through the
18:
2646:by Walter Winchell, 1880.
1779:Epoch-making Eratosthenes
1568:Verbrugghe, 2001, p. 126.
1532:Egypt before the Pharaohs
853:proleptic Julian calendar
324:R. A. Schwaller de Lubicz
281:The ancient Greek writer
2775:. Kessinger Publishing.
2735:Hastings, James (2003).
2728:On the Date of Zoroaster
2123:, Ju Brown, p. 87,
1871:, RhM 57 (1902) 231–251.
1807:, RhM 57 (1902) 231–251.
1001:Early Jewish estimations
173:Fragments from Manetho (
93:versions of the ancient
2739:. Kessinger Publishing.
2471:University College Cork
2210:April 19, 2016, at the
2099:The Persian chronicler
1895:, John Lemprière, 1788.
1604:Diodrus Siculus. "44".
1373:Young Earth creationism
1348:Chronology of the Bible
1329:Tarleton Perry Crawford
1063:Panodorus of Alexandria
1055:Sextus Julius Africanus
888:Chronology of the Bible
701:involves a 12,000-year
555:period to the reign of
431:Also, as per Hinduism,
85:Sumerian and Babylonian
34:Creation of the Earth.
2535:, Pelplin 1871, p. 47.
2465:March 3, 2016, at the
2437:Howlett, J.A. (1913).
2423:June 29, 2016, at the
1397:The Sumerian King List
1219:Joseph Justus Scaliger
1193:(April 27, 3977 BC) ,
950:genealogies of Genesis
641:
599:
545:
505:
429:
401:
381:
268:
225:) 36,525 years before
205:
144:
133:
39:
2823:Religious cosmologies
2487:The Reckoning of Time
2446:Catholic Encyclopedia
1358:Old Earth creationism
1297:Alphonse Des Vignoles
1095:Chronicon of Eusebius
1067:Maximus the Confessor
1051:Theophilus of Antioch
1047:Clement of Alexandria
985:) it is 2,262 years.
606:Apollodorus of Athens
593:) to their own time:
461:Apollodorus of Athens
294:Theophilus of Antioch
33:
2707:Boyce, Mary (1996).
1979:Peter Clark (1998).
1893:Bibliotheca Classica
1740:. Ballantine Books.
1281:Alfonso X of Castile
1235:Benito Arias Montano
778:Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī
680:Hecataeus of Miletus
247:interpretatio graeca
148:Alexander Polyhistor
59:religious traditions
2205:Septuagint, Genesis
2021:, pp. 288–289.
1957:, pp. 200–208.
1353:Omphalos hypothesis
1187:Theodore Bibliander
1155:Henry Fynes Clinton
967:generations of Adam
867:Abrahamic religions
789:The Meadows of Gold
774:Alexander the Great
348:Hindu units of time
287:Ptolemy XII Auletes
256:Alexander the Great
63:traditional beliefs
51:age of the universe
21:Age of the universe
1308:John Clark Ridpath
1261:Wśród nocnej ciszy
1087:Byzantine calendar
1079:Isidore of Seville
1059:Hippolytus of Rome
979:Codex Alexandrinus
831:. The date of the
769:Book of Arda Viraf
766:(34. 1-9) and the
719:, followed by the
95:Sumerian King List
40:
2387:978-0-89051-416-0
2258:978-0-89051-416-0
2090:, pp. 11–13.
1747:978-0-345-33135-9
1283:commissioned the
1246:Ussher chronology
1227:Gerardus Mercator
1109:Roman Martyrology
1075:Sulpicius Severus
1008:Seder Olam Rabbah
817: 220-265 AD
511:(obscure) period
300:Martianus Capella
238:Diogenes Laërtius
181:and preserved in
113:(29.53059 days).
36:Wenceslaus Hollar
2830:
2799:, B. A. Robinson
2786:
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2551:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2531:Szczepan Keller
2529:
2523:
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2520:
2519:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
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2196:
2191:Matthew Looper,
2189:
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2164:
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2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2133:
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2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:, pp. 1–22.
2028:
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2016:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1943:
1937:
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1914:
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1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1826:. Archived from
1825:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1753:
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1728:
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1502:. Rbedrosian.com
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1394:
1305:
1285:Alfonsine tables
1276:Alfonsine tables
1250:King James Bible
1231:Matthieu Brouard
1223:Christoph Helvig
1195:Heinrich Bünting
1163:Benedict Pereira
1083:Gregory of Tours
1071:George Syncellus
1021:to 4339 BC. The
1018:Seder Olam Zutta
1013:Jose ben Halafta
940:, the father of
896:begins with the
833:Three sovereigns
818:
815:
662:or a primordial
648:Castor of Rhodes
477:Castor of Rhodes
283:Diodorus Siculus
179:George Syncellus
136:Diodorus Siculus
69:, or the entire
2838:
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2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2808:
2807:
2793:
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2748:
2746:Further reading
2743:
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2526:
2517:
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2514:. Law2.umkc.edu
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2509:
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2485:
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2467:Wayback Machine
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1706:(11 May 2010).
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1368:Sefer HaTemunah
1344:
1299:
1293:
1278:
1257:Christmas carol
1191:Johannes Kepler
1175:Augustin Calmet
1159:Henri Spondanus
1151:Marianus Scotus
1142:
1085:(5200 BC). The
1035:
1023:Hebrew calendar
1003:
983:Elizabeth Bible
971:Samaritan texts
898:Book of Genesis
890:
882:Main articles:
880:
875:
869:
841:
816:
806:
696:
507:The primordial
487:(mythical) and
449:
447:Greek and Roman
416:night of Brahma
354:
344:Hindu cosmology
340:
199:recorded that:
164:Turin King List
160:
87:
43:Dating creation
28:
17:
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5:
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2791:External links
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2130:978-1419648939
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2035:
2023:
2011:
2009:, p. 287.
1996:
1989:
1971:
1969:, p. 286.
1959:
1944:
1940:Great Syntaxis
1932:
1930:(London 1995).
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1274:
1264:contains text
1239:Andreas Helwig
1215:John Lightfoot
1146:Masoretic Text
1141:
1138:
1104:Constantinople
1081:(5336 BC) and
1034:
1031:
1011:, compiled by
1002:
999:
934:Masoretic Text
879:
876:
871:Main article:
868:
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699:Zoroastrianism
695:
694:Zoroastrianism
692:
448:
445:
364:Nasadiya Sukta
339:
336:
328:Sacred Science
326:, in his work
214:Book of Sothis
159:
156:
91:Old Babylonian
86:
83:
65:hold that the
55:creation myths
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2353:on 2000-09-30
2352:
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2295:on 2011-01-19
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1881:De Die Natali
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1661:. Mlahanas.de
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1418:On Divination
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1156:
1152:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:De Temporibus
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1090:
1088:
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995:Genesis 11:26
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
965:, called the
964:
960:
956:
951:
947:
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918:Old Testament
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521:De Die Natali
518:
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500:
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408:Fritjof Capra
405:
400:
395:
394:writes that:
393:
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297:
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289:(117–51 BC).
288:
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273:
270:According to
267:
263:
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48:
44:
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32:
26:
22:
2772:
2753:
2736:
2727:
2708:
2686:. Retrieved
2674:
2661:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2618:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2593:
2586:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2532:
2527:
2516:. Retrieved
2506:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2455:
2444:
2432:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2391:. Retrieved
2376:
2355:. Retrieved
2351:the original
2341:
2333:
2329:
2318:. Retrieved
2316:. Askelm.com
2308:
2297:. Retrieved
2293:the original
2283:
2273:
2262:. Retrieved
2247:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2095:
2088:Jackson 1896
2083:
2076:Jackson 1896
2071:
2066:, p. 9.
2064:Jackson 1896
2059:
2054:, p. 6.
2052:Jackson 1896
2047:
2038:
2031:Jackson 1896
2026:
2014:
1980:
1974:
1962:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1922:A. Grafton,
1918:
1909:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1851:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1828:the original
1804:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1778:
1761:
1757:
1735:
1726:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1653:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1577:Prologue to
1573:
1564:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1494:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1434:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1294:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1254:
1243:
1179:Isaac Newton
1171:James Ussher
1167:Louis Cappel
1143:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1107:
1093:
1091:
1036:
1016:
1006:
1004:
987:James Ussher
926:
910:Adam and Eve
891:
842:
832:
820:
807:
787:
781:
767:
761:
754:
746:Angra Mainyu
725:Angra Mainyu
720:
715:creation by
712:
706:
697:
688:
642:
638:
628:
624:
620:
616:
614:
602:Eratosthenes
600:
596:
586:
581:
572:
564:
560:
552:
548:
546:
542:
532:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
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496:
488:
484:
480:
453:Eratosthenes
450:
430:
425:
402:
397:
390:, reviewing
387:
386:in his book
382:
373:
368:10th mandala
357:
355:
334:' own time.
327:
321:
314:
311:Isaac Newton
308:
303:
298:
291:
280:
269:
265:
245:
235:
212:
210:
206:
202:
196:
186:
183:Felix Jacoby
172:
162:The ancient
161:
145:
141:
134:
130:
124:
115:
111:lunar months
99:antediluvian
88:
47:age of Earth
42:
41:
38:(1607–1677)
25:Age of Earth
2818:Creationism
1858:to 1825 BC.
1732:Sagan, Carl
1704:Dick Teresi
1300: [
1241:(3836 BC).
1237:(3849 BC),
1233:(3927 BC),
1229:(3928 BC),
1225:(3947 BC),
1221:(3949 BC),
1217:(3960 BC),
1213:(3961 BC),
1209:(3961 BC),
1205:(3964 BC),
1203:Melanchthon
1201:(3966 BC),
1197:(3967 BC),
1189:(3980 BC),
1185:(3984 BC),
1181:(3998 BC),
1177:(4002 BC),
1173:(4004 BC),
1169:(4005 BC),
1165:(4021 BC),
1161:(4051 BC),
1157:(4138 BC),
1153:(4192 BC),
1077:(5469 BC),
1073:(5492 BC),
1069:(5493 BC),
1065:(5493 BC),
1061:(5500 BC),
1057:(5501 BC),
1053:(5529 BC),
1049:(5592 BC),
1043:Middle Ages
900:, in which
742:Ahura Mazda
717:Ahura Mazda
582:City of God
569:Ages of Man
483:(obscure),
384:Dick Teresi
125:Babyloniaca
89:One of the
57:of various
2812:Categories
2688:2015-04-28
2518:2012-11-30
2393:2014-06-02
2357:2015-04-28
2320:2012-11-30
2299:2012-11-30
2264:2014-06-02
2019:Boyce 1996
2007:Boyce 1996
1967:Boyce 1996
1850:H. Peter,
1837:2012-11-30
1803:H. Peter,
1665:2012-11-30
1644:9004101705
1555:2012-11-30
1506:2012-11-30
1465:In Timaeum
1450:2012-11-30
1379:References
1144:After the
1039:Septuagint
1033:Septuagint
975:Septuagint
930:Septuagint
914:chronology
873:Anno Mundi
763:Bundahishn
750:Saoshyants
708:Bundahishn
664:Autochthon
635:admitted:
633:Censorinus
610:Trojan War
587:historikón
493:grammarian
489:historikón
469:Censorinus
437:yuga cycle
404:Carl Sagan
352:Yuga cycle
342:See also:
304:De nuptiis
242:Hephaestus
61:. Various
2756:. BRILL.
2223:Genesis 5
1883:, ch. xx.
1867:. Peter,
1637:. BRILL.
1592:Histories
1384:Citations
1295:In 1738,
1140:Masoretic
1102:(c. 380,
1027:Hillel II
959:Genesis 5
955:the Flood
819:) in his
798:Zoroaster
794:Al-Masudi
757:Zoroaster
737:Zoroaster
729:Zoroaster
713:spiritual
703:cosmogony
577:Augustine
332:Herodotus
272:Herodotus
260:Herodotus
244:, who by
197:Chronicle
79:calendars
2629:23 April
2601:23 April
2463:Archived
2421:Archived
2208:Archived
1821:"Moller"
1734:(1985).
1463:Proclus,
1420:, i. 19.
1342:See also
1183:Petavius
861:Quiriguá
810:Xu Zheng
733:Fravashi
721:physical
625:mythikón
591:Olympiad
573:mythikón
565:mythikón
553:mythikón
549:mythikón
537:Olympiad
533:mythikón
529:mythikón
525:Olympiad
517:mythikón
485:mythikón
473:Catullus
433:Kaliyuga
359:Rig Veda
338:Hinduism
193:Eusebius
175:Eusebius
158:Egyptian
121:Berossos
71:universe
2700:Sources
1942:, i. 3.
1856:Inachus
1790:Varro (
1752:p. 258.
1487:Manetho
1255:Polish
1134:Wilfrid
991:Abraham
946:Vulgate
942:Abraham
922:history
857:Stela F
804:Chinese
684:Ptolemy
652:Inachus
557:Inachus
441:3102 BC
313:in his
219:Manetho
152:Proclus
75:deities
49:or the
2779:
2760:
2715:
2574:
2384:
2255:
2127:
1987:
1744:
1737:Cosmos
1714:
1641:
1112:, the
1100:Jerome
961:, and
906:humans
676:Ogyges
656:Ogyges
629:ádelon
617:ádelon
509:ádelon
497:ádelon
481:ádelon
475:, and
420:Brahma
350:, and
276:Seti I
117:Cicero
103:Alulim
2683:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1824:(PDF)
1304:]
938:Terah
894:Bible
859:from
825:Pangu
668:Chaos
660:Titan
644:Varro
561:after
513:ended
457:Varro
392:Vedas
376:devas
227:Menes
168:Menes
107:Eridu
105:, at
67:Earth
2777:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2631:2019
2603:2019
2572:ISBN
2382:ISBN
2278:210.
2253:ISBN
2125:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1792:Rust
1742:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1467:, i.
1314:and
1126:Bede
1092:The
886:and
843:The
839:Maya
744:and
672:Gaia
646:and
604:and
465:Ovid
414:and
406:and
379:129)
356:The
252:Ptah
250:was
231:FGrH
223:Ptah
211:The
188:FGrH
150:and
23:and
2666:165
2624:141
2473:'s
963:7:6
902:God
814:fl.
731:'s
670:or
621:end
579:'s
412:day
370:):
185:'s
2814::
2469:—
2366:^
1999:^
1947:^
1812:^
1769:^
1318:.
1302:fr
1252:.
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2785:.
2766:.
2721:.
2691:.
2668:.
2633:.
2605:.
2580:.
2521:.
2396:.
2360:.
2323:.
2302:.
2267:.
1993:.
1840:.
1750:.
1720:.
1668:.
1647:.
1608:.
1581:.
1558:.
1509:.
1453:.
1268:(
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812:(
229:(
27:.
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