103:, oxidative drugs and unstable hemoglobins. People receiving large quantities of oxidative drugs such as dapsone or sulfasalazine are more prone to have degmacytes. The underlying cause of degmacytes is a result of the splenic macrophages removing Heinz bodies from the membrane of red blood cells, which results in a "bitten" appearance of the cell.
59:
66:
Degmacytes usually appear smaller, denser, and more contracted than a normal red blood cell due to the bites. The appearance of the "bites" in red blood cells may vary in number, smoothness, and size. These cells can also exhibit other peripheral effects.
923:
115:
to analyze the red blood cells in the blood. The degmacyte look similar to a "bitten apple", which is their defining feature. However, bite cells may be difficult to distinguish from
119:, a fragmented red blood cell, due to the similarity in shape. Confirming the presence of degmacytes in patients likely indicates a form of red blood cell oxidant injury or
31:
with one or more semicircular portions removed from the cell margin, known as "bites". These "bites" result from the mechanical removal of denatured hemoglobin during
83:
is maintained, and when this ruptures, the resulting bite cells have horn-like projections. Blister cells appear as red blood cells containing a peripherally located
536:
44:
135:
combined with oxidative stress or other trigger, such as fava beans and certain antimalarial or sulfa drugs. Patients may attempt to decrease exposure to
502:
475:
448:
421:
394:
358:
238:
51:. Bite cells can contain more than one "bite." The "bites" in degmacytes are smaller than the missing red blood cell fragments seen in
146:
As there are currently no means of reversing red blood cell damage and the formation of degmacytes, treatment options are limited to
529:
95:
Bite cells are caused by G6PD deficiency, NADPH deficiency, thalassemia, glutathione synthase deficiency, and other red-cell
492:
465:
810:
522:
143:. If one is not G6PD deficient, lessening the use of oxidative triggers may help prevent the formation of degmacytes.
847:
835:
672:
618:
872:
867:
630:
438:
348:
228:
43:
into the splenic sinuses. Bite cells are known to be a result from processes of oxidative hemolysis, such as
411:
100:
769:
721:
882:
726:
877:
805:
731:
662:
256:"Contrasting splenic mechanisms in the blood clearance of red blood cells and colloidal particles"
254:
Klausner, MA; Hirsch, LJ; Leblond, PF; Chamberlain, JK; Klemperer, MR; Segel, GB (December 1975).
695:
147:
862:
857:
498:
471:
444:
417:
390:
354:
326:
318:
277:
234:
202:
136:
384:
788:
710:
308:
267:
194:
140:
132:
852:
815:
595:
554:
28:
917:
700:
625:
198:
159:
40:
840:
690:
579:
574:
569:
350:
Hematopathology E-Book: A Volume in the Series: Foundations in
Diagnostic Pathology
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48:
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649:
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272:
255:
116:
112:
96:
52:
47:, in which uncontrolled oxidative stress causes hemoglobin to denature and form
797:
764:
746:
644:
322:
639:
120:
80:
36:
330:
185:
Yoo, D; Lessin, LS (1992). "Drug-associated 'bite cell' Hemolytic anemia".
281:
206:
898:
774:
608:
383:
Tkachuk, Douglas C.; Hirschmann, Jan V.; Wintrobe, Maxwell Myer (2007).
313:
296:
84:
58:
32:
514:
440:
The ABC of CBC: Interpretation of
Complete Blood Count and Histograms
464:
Aster, Jon C.; Pozdnyakova, Olga; Kutok, Jeffery L. (2012-05-07).
57:
518:
491:
Handin, Robert I.; Lux, Samuel E.; Stossel, Thomas P. (2003).
378:
376:
374:
372:
370:
111:
The diagnosis of degmacytes is performed by using a
891:
826:
796:
787:
757:
709:
683:
588:
562:
553:
924:Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for RBCs
39:attempt to migrate through endothelial slits from
389:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 30.
301:International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
530:
8:
494:Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology
45:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
793:
559:
537:
523:
515:
312:
271:
131:Bite cells are primarily formed due to a
386:Wintrobe's Atlas of Clinical Hematology
174:
29:abnormally shaped mature red blood cell
16:Abnormally shaped mature red blood cell
497:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
233:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
180:
178:
7:
342:
340:
222:
220:
218:
216:
467:Hematopathology E-Book: High-Yield
14:
410:Cherry, Daniel A. (2011-02-25).
187:The American Journal of Medicine
413:Bone Marrow: A Practical Manual
227:Anderson, Shauna (2013-01-24).
230:Anderson's Atlas of Hematology
1:
437:Lokwani, D. P. (2013-05-30).
165:(dêgma): “to bite” + -cyte.
470:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
353:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
199:10.1016/0002-9343(92)90071-I
347:Hsi, Eric D. (2017-09-19).
297:"Red blood cell morphology"
273:10.1182/blood.V46.6.965.965
940:
836:Hypersegmented neutrophil
743:Hemoglobin precipitation
673:Hereditary stomatocytosis
619:Hereditary elliptocytosis
139:, which can then lead to
868:Critical green inclusion
659:Sickle cell/drepanocyte
631:Hereditary spherocytosis
127:Treatment and Prevention
600:Membrane abnormalities
101:pentose phosphate shunt
770:Red cell agglutination
113:peripheral blood smear
63:
61:
873:Alder–Reilly anomaly
727:Basophilic stippling
848:Pelger–Huët anomaly
806:Reactive lymphocyte
732:Pappenheimer bodies
663:Sickle cell disease
141:hemolytic disorders
696:Hypochromic anemia
443:. JP Medical Ltd.
314:10.1111/ijlh.12082
148:blood transfusions
79:, an outer rim of
64:
911:
910:
907:
906:
863:Toxic vacuolation
858:Toxic granulation
789:White blood cells
783:
782:
722:Howell–Jolly body
504:978-0-7817-1993-3
477:978-1-4557-3758-1
450:978-93-5025-788-3
423:978-1-4987-1296-5
396:978-0-7817-7023-1
360:978-0-323-51231-2
295:Ford, J. (2013).
240:978-1-4698-2636-3
931:
878:Jordans' anomaly
794:
711:Inclusion bodies
560:
539:
532:
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509:
508:
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482:
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455:
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929:
928:
914:
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584:
555:Red blood cells
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133:G6PD deficiency
129:
109:
93:
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
937:
935:
927:
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916:
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865:
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845:
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830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
819:
818:
816:Russell bodies
808:
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791:
785:
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781:
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777:
772:
767:
761:
759:
755:
754:
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751:
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749:
741:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:Developmental
715:
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652:
647:
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637:
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635:
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633:
623:
622:
621:
611:
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598:
596:Poikilocytosis
592:
590:
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583:
582:
577:
572:
566:
564:
557:
551:
550:
544:
542:
541:
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519:
511:
510:
503:
483:
476:
456:
449:
429:
422:
402:
395:
366:
359:
336:
307:(3): 351–357.
287:
246:
239:
212:
173:
172:
170:
167:
155:
152:
128:
125:
108:
105:
99:involving the
92:
89:
72:
69:
35:filtration as
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
936:
925:
922:
921:
919:
900:
897:
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831:
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748:
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738:
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733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
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716:
714:
712:
708:
702:
701:Polychromasia
699:
697:
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689:
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682:
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671:
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664:
661:
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540:
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416:. CRC Press.
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328:
324:
320:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
291:
288:
283:
279:
274:
269:
266:(6): 965–76.
265:
261:
257:
250:
247:
242:
236:
232:
231:
223:
221:
219:
217:
213:
208:
204:
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181:
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168:
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164:
161:
160:Ancient Greek
153:
151:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
106:
104:
102:
98:
97:enzymopathies
90:
88:
86:
82:
78:
77:blister cells
70:
68:
60:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:splenic cords
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
853:Döhle bodies
841:Arneth count
828:Granulocytes
691:Anisochromia
669:Stomatocyte
654:
580:Microcytosis
575:Macrocytosis
570:Anisocytosis
493:
486:
466:
459:
439:
432:
412:
405:
385:
349:
304:
300:
290:
263:
259:
249:
229:
193:(3): 243–8.
190:
186:
162:
157:
145:
130:
117:helmet cells
110:
94:
74:
71:Blister cell
65:
53:schistocytes
49:Heinz bodies
24:
20:
18:
811:Smudge cell
798:Lymphocytes
737:Cabot rings
650:Schistocyte
614:Elliptocyte
604:Acanthocyte
883:Left shift
765:Haemoconia
747:Heinz body
645:Echinocyte
626:Spherocyte
546:Blood film
169:References
62:BITE CELLS
655:Degmacyte
640:Dacrocyte
323:1751-553X
154:Etymology
121:hemolysis
107:Diagnosis
81:cytoplasm
37:red cells
25:bite cell
21:degmacyte
918:Category
899:Auer rod
775:Rouleaux
609:Codocyte
548:findings
331:23480230
282:1203539
207:1546722
137:hypoxia
85:vacuole
33:splenic
684:Colour
501:
474:
447:
420:
393:
357:
329:
321:
280:
237:
205:
91:Causes
27:is an
892:Other
758:Other
589:Shape
260:Blood
163:δῆγμα
158:From
563:Size
499:ISBN
472:ISBN
445:ISBN
418:ISBN
391:ISBN
355:ISBN
327:PMID
319:ISSN
278:PMID
235:ISBN
203:PMID
309:doi
268:doi
195:doi
75:In
23:or
920::
369:^
339:^
325:.
317:.
305:35
303:.
299:.
276:.
264:46
262:.
258:.
215:^
201:.
191:92
189:.
177:^
150:.
123:.
87:.
55:.
19:A
538:e
531:t
524:v
507:.
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399:.
363:.
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311::
284:.
270::
243:.
209:.
197::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
