1595:
823:
has also been shown to dehalogenate 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP), and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) present in mixtures and at concentrations as high as 8.7, 4.0, and 3.8 mM respectively. These findings are important because a large number of contaminated sites
942:
gen. nov., sp. nov., obligate organohalide-respiring anaerobic bacteria relevant to halogen cycling and bioremediation, belong to a novel bacterial class, Dehalococcoidia classis nov., order
Dehalococcoidales ord. nov. and family Dehalococcoidaceae fam. nov., within the phylum
639:
stems from its ability to degrade polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes into nonhazardous products. The catalysis of reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated compounds is dependent on the presence and expression of genes coding for reductive
760:
has aided in remediation plans through better understanding of the overall process of reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated compounds present in groundwater and the diversity of organisms involved. Due to its close relationship to
748:
strains have been found to be at concentrations as high as 10 copies/ml of groundwater contaminated with high concentrations of chlorinated solvents and comprise up to nearly 19% of the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies.
547:, and further transformed abiotically to allyl alcohol in the presence of water (other abiotic reactions can occur). The carbon source has not been determined for this species but other organisms within Chloroflexota use CO
723:
globally produced on a massive scale. Due to spills and past inappropriate disposal methods, these chlorinated compounds are prevalent groundwater and soil contaminants throughout the US and around the world.
607:
sequencing platforms, more specifically an
Illumina shotgun library, a 454 draft library, and a paired end 454 library. Illumina sequence data was assembled and combined with assembled 454 data. Initial
358:
meaning repelling. The species name refers to the garlic smell of the bacteria when cultured. Some folklore states that garlic can be used to repel creatures like werewolves and vampires.
1459:
Dillehay, JL; Bowman, KS; Yun, J; Rainey, FA; Moe, WM (2013). "Substrate interactions in dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane mixtures by
1695:
1081:
Yan, J.; Rash, B.A.; Rainey, F.A.; Moe, W.M. (2009). "Isolation of novel bacteria within the
Chloroflexi capable of reductive dechlorination of 1,2,3-trichloropropane".
228:
7-7.5 (pH range 6–8, although it was isolated from groundwater of pH 5.1). Growth has been observed in salt concentrations from 0.1–2% NaCl with optimum growth at ≤1%.
1708:
1169:
1. Madigan, M. T., Martinko, J. M., Stahl, D. A., & Clark, D. P. (2012). Brock
Biology of Microorganisms (13 ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc.
933:
Löffler, F.E.; Yan, J.; Ritalahti, K.M.; Adrian, L.; Edwards, E.A.; Konstantinidis, K.T.; Müller, J.A.; Fullerton, H.; Zinder, S.H.; Spormann, A.M. (2013).
628:
were predicted, in which 1,720 were protein-coding genes and 51 were RNAs. Putative function was designated to nearly 70% of the protein-coding genes.
1669:
1682:
413:
uses polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes as the electron acceptor. Chloroflexota are the deepest branching (oldest) anoxygenic phototrophs on the
1759:
719:
Polychlorinated aliphatic C2 and C3 alkanes (ethanes and propanes with at least two chlorine substituents) are industrially important
1354:
De
Wildeman, S.; Verstraete, W. (2003), "The quest for microbial reductive dechlorination of C 2 to C 4 chloroalkanes is warranted",
224:
that can grow in a temperature range of 20–34 °C with their optimum temperature range being 28–34 °C. They grow best in
679:
region containing 45 hypothetic proteins, which accounts for roughly 4% of the chromosome. An additional ~4.3% of the genome of
1754:
567:
have been isolated and characterized, only the type strain BL-DC-9 has had the genome sequenced. Therefore, when referring to
1687:
1515:
spp. can reductively dehalogenate high concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane"
1585:
286:. It has been cultured in an anaerobic basal medium at 30 °C in the dark. It is able to reductively dehalogenate
888:
gen. nov., sp. nov., a reductive dehalogenating bacterium isolated from chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater"
1764:
1713:
317:
1016:
Siddaramappa, S.; Challacombe, J.; Delano, S.; Green, L.; Daligualt, H.; Bruce, D.; Detter, C.; Tapia, R. (2012).
539:
from adjacent carbons, forming a double bond between them. 1,2,3-trichloropropane is reduced to allyl chloride by
508:
696:
389:
is in the class
Dehalococcoidia. Chloroflexota consists of the green non-sulfur bacteria which are anoxygenic
1749:
1611:
500:
159:
720:
648:
operons, which encode the RdhA protein (reductive dehalogenase) and the RdhB protein (membrane anchor).
512:
332:). A Superfund site is an abandoned site that contains hazardous waste. This site was contaminated with
321:
126:
1700:
504:
1488:
1379:
815:
isolated which could dehalogenate 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) under anaerobic conditions.
775:
was found to be amplified by primers that at one time were believed to be specific to targeting
688:
600:
528:
516:
275:
155:
90:
31:
1721:
1656:
1549:
1480:
1438:
1371:
1333:
1277:
1224:
1098:
1054:
965:
912:
799:
dehalogenates polychlorinated alkanes, but is unable to dehalogenate chlorinated ethenes like
728:
approaches that rely on the action of anaerobic, reductively-dehalogenating bacteria, such as
609:
604:
496:
375:
371:
78:
1726:
1539:
1529:
1510:
1472:
1428:
1420:
1363:
1323:
1315:
1267:
1259:
1214:
1206:
1090:
1044:
1036:
957:
902:
708:
934:
763:
524:
520:
480:
455:
426:
199:
103:
66:
1138:
883:
1599:
1544:
1433:
1404:
1328:
1296:
1272:
1243:
1049:
1017:
725:
394:
379:
305:
294:
283:
183:
179:
167:
1219:
1180:
1743:
1210:
1094:
736:, have shown great promise for clean-up of chlorinated solvent-contaminated soil and
367:
298:
217:
205:
163:
54:
1492:
1661:
1409:
and "Dehalococcoides" populations via PCR-based protocols targeting 16S rRNA genes"
812:
641:
438:
421:
414:
1634:
1383:
1304:
strain 195 growing on tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, or 2,3-dichlorophenol"
1188:: cloning, sequencing of the encoding genes, and expression of the pceA gene in
744:(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), 16S rRNA gene sequences for
737:
692:
588:
519:. However, there are several chlorinated alkanes that it cannot reduce, such as
467:
also differ from other species in the phylum
Chloroflexota in that they are not
390:
333:
309:
171:
1594:
1476:
1367:
584:
488:
442:
261:
257:
229:
221:
824:
contain mixtures of various chlorinated solvents and/or high concentrations.
596:
468:
313:
287:
175:
1553:
1534:
1484:
1442:
1375:
1337:
1281:
1102:
1058:
969:
961:
916:
907:
624:
were annotated using a combination of automated and manual curation. 1,771
346:
reflects its ability to dehalogenate chlorinated alkanes. The species name
1228:
531:
in dihaloelimination reactions. In dihaloelimination the electron donor (H
1628:
1424:
1319:
1263:
1040:
676:
536:
336:
329:
279:
42:
1648:
1570:
244:; however, as determined by genomic analysis, the GC-content is 55.04%.
1674:
1643:
620:) in 1 scaffold (a set of overlapping contigs with known gap lengths).
325:
290:
187:
1509:
Maness, A.D.; Bowmann, K.S.; Yan, J.; Rainey, F.A.; Moe, W.M. (2012).
1116:
882:
Moe, W.M.; Yan, J.; Nobre, M.F.; da Costa, M.S.; Rainey, F.A. (2009).
613:
592:
293:(non-aromatic alkanes) such as 1,2,3-trichloropropane (reduces it to
253:
209:
1605:
459:(class Dehalococcoidia) with 90% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity.
1025:
type strain (BL-DC-9) and comparison to "Dehalococcoides" strains"
213:
495:
as an electron donor and polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes as an
741:
625:
621:
241:
1609:
1117:"Superfund Sites Where You Live | Superfund | US EPA"
575:
in this section, all information is only verified for BL-DC-9.
1242:
Adrian, L.; Rahnenfuhrer, J.; Gobom, J.; Holscher, T. (2007).
617:
1244:"Identification of a chlorobenzene reductive dehalogenase in
316:
in 2009 by Moe, Yan, Nobre, Costa, and Rainey—researchers at
1295:
Fung, J.M.; Morris, R.M.; Adrian, L.; Zinder, S.H. (2007).
225:
699:
appears to be a potential mechanism for the adaptation of
297:
which abiotically transforms in the presence of water to
216:
that are 0.3–0.6 μm in diameter. There is no evidence of
304:
Two strains (BL-DC-9 and BL-DC-8) were isolated from a
1583:
1618:
1179:Neumann, A.; Wohlfarth, G.; Diekert, G. (1998).
691:elements, which encode for 74 full or truncated
1297:"Expression of reductive dehalogenase genes in
1403:Yan, J; Rash, BA; Rainey, FA; Moe, WM (2009).
791:is important for remediation planning because
779:spp. Differentiation between the presence of
1349:
1347:
8:
591:, based on genomic analysis, of 55.04%. The
1454:
1452:
1606:
20:
1543:
1533:
1504:
1502:
1432:
1327:
1271:
1218:
1048:
928:
926:
906:
420:Many of the species in Chloroflexota are
370:: Chloroflexia, Anaerolinea, Caldilinea,
366:There are six classes within the phylum
1590:
1579:- the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
833:
1356:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
644:enzymes. These genes are organized in
1181:"Tetrachloroethene dehalogenase from
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
7:
1701:dehalogenimonas-lykanthroporepellens
1620:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
1573:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
886:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
535:in this case) is used to remove two
151:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
136:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellans
25:Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens
14:
1405:"Detection and quantification of
587:consisting of 1,686,510 bp and a
1593:
1211:10.1128/JB.180.16.4140-4145.1998
1095:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01804.x
405:S as an electron donor. However
374:(previously known informally as
256:. Resistance to the antibiotics
232:reported in characterization of
453:is more closely related to the
182:for its ability to reductively
393:(do not produce oxygen during
1:
1029:Standards in Genomic Sciences
1018:"Complete genome sequence of
950:Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol
715:Application in bioremediation
527:. It uses these compounds as
445:. Despite this relationship,
1139:"Classification of bacteria"
118:D. lykanthroporepellans
1781:
1760:Bacteria described in 2009
656:was shown to have several
499:. These molecules include
318:Louisiana State University
240:is 53.8% as determined by
1477:10.1007/s10532-013-9661-2
1368:10.1007/s00253-002-1174-6
1137:A.C. Parte (1998-01-01).
895:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
664:genes in the chromosome.
509:1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
194:Discovery and description
132:
125:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
1413:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
752:The characterization of
697:horizontal gene transfer
559:Although two strains of
378:), Ktedonobacteria, and
1755:Gram-negative bacteria
1535:10.1186/2191-0855-2-54
1308:Appl Environ Microbiol
1252:Appl Environ Microbiol
962:10.1099/ijs.0.034926-0
908:10.1099/ijs.0.011502-0
721:chemical intermediates
616:(a set of overlapping
501:1,2,3-trichloropropane
250:lyankanthroporepellens
160:Gram-negative bacteria
1119:. Epa.gov. 2006-06-28
513:1,1,2-trichloroethane
354:meaning werewolf and
322:University of Coimbra
1425:10.1128/AEM.01938-09
1320:10.1128/aem.00215-07
1264:10.1128/aem.01649-07
1041:10.4056/sigs.2806097
1023:lykanthroporepellens
901:(Pt 11): 2692–2697.
821:lykanthroporepellens
809:lykanthroporepellens
797:lykanthroporepellens
789:lykanthroporepellens
773:lykanthroporepellens
758:lykanthroporepellens
734:lykanthroporepellens
705:lykanthroporepellens
685:lykanthroporepellens
673:lykanthroporepellens
654:lykanthroporepellens
637:lykanthroporepellens
581:lykanthroporepellens
573:lykanthroporepellens
565:lykanthroporepellens
551:as a carbon source.
545:lykanthroporepellens
491:organism that uses H
485:lykanthroporepellens
465:lykanthroporepellens
451:lykanthroporepellens
433:is a mesophile. The
431:lykanthroporepellens
411:lykanthroporepellens
387:lykanthroporepellens
348:lykanthroporepellens
272:lykanthroporepellens
202:lykanthroporepellens
16:Species of bacterium
505:1,2-dichloropropane
397:) that use either H
264:has been observed.
803:spp. Furthermore,
689:insertion sequence
529:electron acceptors
517:1,2-dichloroethane
238:lykanthroporellens
178:. It is useful in
91:Dehalococcoidaceae
1765:Dehalococcoidetes
1737:
1736:
1722:Open Tree of Life
1612:Taxon identifiers
1419:(23): 7560–7564.
1314:(14): 4439–4445.
1258:(23): 7717–7724.
1248:sp. strain CBDB1"
1205:(16): 4140–4145.
1083:Environ Microbiol
956:(Pt 2): 625–635.
497:electron acceptor
376:Dehalococcoidetes
147:
146:
79:Dehalococcoidales
1772:
1730:
1729:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1664:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1558:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1519:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1400:
1387:
1386:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1078:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1013:
974:
973:
947:
930:
921:
920:
910:
892:
879:
709:ecological niche
166:isolated from a
138:
21:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1614:
1604:
1592:
1584:
1571:Type strain of
1567:
1562:
1561:
1517:
1513:Dehalogenimonas
1508:
1507:
1500:
1461:Dehalogenimonas
1458:
1457:
1450:
1407:Dehalogenimonas
1402:
1401:
1390:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1299:Dehalococcoides
1294:
1293:
1289:
1246:Dehalococcoides
1241:
1240:
1236:
1183:Dehalospirillum
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1020:Dehalogenimonas
1015:
1014:
977:
945:
937:Dehalococcoides
932:
931:
924:
890:
881:
880:
835:
830:
801:Dehalococcoides
781:Dehalococcoides
777:Dehalococcoides
764:Dehalococcoides
746:Dehalogenimonas
717:
583:has a circular
557:
550:
534:
525:2-chloropropane
521:1-chloropropane
494:
481:Dehalogenimonas
477:
456:Dehalococcoides
427:Dehalogenimonas
404:
400:
372:Dehalococcoidia
364:
344:Dehalogenimonas
342:The genus name
200:Dehalogenimonas
196:
143:
142:Moe et al. 2009
140:
134:
121:
107:
104:Dehalogenimonas
93:
81:
69:
67:Dehalococcoidia
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1778:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:Bioremediation
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1582:
1581:
1566:
1565:External links
1563:
1560:
1559:
1498:
1471:(2): 301–312.
1465:Biodegradation
1448:
1388:
1343:
1287:
1234:
1171:
1151:
1141:. Bacterio.net
1129:
1108:
1089:(4): 833–843.
1064:
1035:(2): 251–264.
975:
922:
832:
831:
829:
826:
811:was the first
726:Bioremediation
716:
713:
687:is made up of
556:
553:
548:
532:
492:
476:
473:
435:Oscillochloris
402:
398:
395:photosynthesis
380:Thermomicrobia
363:
360:
306:Superfund site
295:allyl chloride
284:electron donor
252:does not form
195:
192:
180:bioremediation
168:Superfund site
162:in the phylum
145:
144:
141:
130:
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122:
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1369:
1365:
1362:(2): 94–102,
1361:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
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1034:
1030:
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1021:
1012:
1010:
1008:
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996:
994:
992:
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988:
986:
984:
982:
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976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
941:
938:
929:
927:
923:
918:
914:
909:
904:
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896:
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887:
878:
876:
874:
872:
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868:
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862:
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858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
834:
827:
825:
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368:Chloroflexota
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164:Chloroflexota
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127:Binomial name
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419:
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410:
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186:chlorinated
184:dehalogenate
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1522:AMB Express
1302:ethenogenes
1199:J Bacteriol
1190:Escherichia
1186:multivorans
738:groundwater
599:using both
589:G-C content
469:filamentous
441:) are also
391:phototrophs
350:comes from
334:chlorinated
310:Baton Rouge
220:. They are
172:Baton Rouge
1744:Categories
1145:2014-05-07
1123:2014-05-07
828:References
585:chromosome
475:Metabolism
443:mesophilic
356:re-pellens
262:vancomycin
258:ampicillin
230:GC-content
222:mesophiles
204:cells are
1635:Q16981240
783:spp. and
597:sequenced
362:Phylogeny
314:Louisiana
288:aliphatic
278:and uses
276:anaerobic
176:Louisiana
156:anaerobic
112:Species:
1629:Wikidata
1554:23046725
1493:17947837
1485:23990262
1443:19820163
1376:12655450
1338:17513589
1282:17933933
1103:19396942
1059:22768368
970:22544797
940:mccartyi
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677:prophage
610:assembly
601:Illumina
537:halogens
424:however
337:solvents
330:Portugal
320:and the
280:hydrogen
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43:Bacteria
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1727:1055054
1675:8231567
1644:BacDive
1600:Biology
1545:3492069
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1273:2168065
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707:to its
614:contigs
437:(Class
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291:alkanes
188:alkanes
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1489:S2CID
1384:72921
1380:S2CID
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646:rdhAB
626:genes
622:Genes
487:is a
214:cocci
1709:NCBI
1696:LPSN
1683:ITIS
1670:GBIF
1577:Dive
1550:PMID
1481:PMID
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