495:, Beetham managed to defeat National's replacement candidate and win the seat. Beetham was more successful in parliament than Cracknell had been, and gained Social Credit considerable attention. He also put forward a New Zealand Credit and Currency Bill, intended to implement many Social Credit policies. The Bill was criticised by some of the more extreme Social Credit supporters, who claimed that it was too weak, but was nevertheless strongly promoted in parliament by Beetham. The Bill quickly failed, although this was not particularly unexpected – it had been put forward primarily for the purpose of drawing attention, not because Beetham believed it would succeed.
1570:
357:
704:, both members of the Democratic Party. However, there was considerable dissatisfaction in the Democratic Party over the Alliance's course. Many Democrats believed that their views were not being incorporated into Alliance party policy, particularly as regards the core economic doctrine of social credit. The Alliance tended towards orthodox taxation based left-wing economics and was not prepared to implement the Democratic Party's somewhat unusual economic theories.
462:
53:
720:
522:
1504:
380:
553:, Muldoon undertook to back certain Social Credit proposals. This did considerable harm to Social Credit's popularity, as Muldoon's government (and the project itself) were opposed by most Social Credit members. To make matters worse, Muldoon did not deliver on many of his pledges, depriving Social Credit of any significant victories with which to mitigate its earlier setback.
533:, the party's support had subsided somewhat, and Social Credit gained 20.55% of the vote. As expected, the electoral system did not translate this into seats in parliament, but Social Credit did retain the two seats it already held. A year later, it officially dropped "Political League" from its official name, becoming merely the Social Credit Party.
449:, ended in disaster, with brawling between supporters of each candidate. The damage done to the party's image was considerable. O'Brien was eventually victorious, but his blunt and confrontational style caused him to lose his position after only a short time in office. He split from Social Credit to found his own
631:
The Social Credit name did not vanish immediately, however. In 1986, the year after the party was renamed, Bruce
Beetham was removed from the leadership of the Democrats and replaced by Neil Morrison. The Democrats saw their vote slump in 1987 and both its MPs were defeated. By 1990 the party's vote
402:
and established a caucus committee to challenge their theories. Gustafson comments that the successes in some seats (Hobson, Rangitikei, East Coast Bays and
Pakuranga) came from a "peculiar and infrequent combination of factors", with votes in those seats coming from "a handful of committed monetary
517:
Led by
Beetham and Knapp, Social Credit became a popular alternative to the two major parties. Political scientists debate how much of this was due to Social Credit policies and how much was merely a "protest vote" against the established parties, but one poll recorded Social Credit with as much as
793:
The party's registration was cancelled at its own request on 28 February 2023. Leitch died in
January 2023 which left "a really big hole" in the party organisation according to party president Gloria Bruni. The party requested deregistration due to membership having dipped below 500 but will still
738:
Shortly after the election, the
Democrats split from the Progressives, re-establishing themselves as an independent party. However, Gillon and Wright, both of whom opposed the split, chose not to follow the Democrats, instead remaining with the Progressives. The Progressive Coalition became the
761:. During the election, it won 1,432 votes and was the only party to not attract a party vote in an electorate (Mangere). The party fielded thirty electorate candidates and four list only candidates in the 2014 general election but continued to fail to gain any seats in the
711:, the Democrats were one of two remaining component parties in the Alliance as the Greens had left the grouping and the Liberals and NewLabour components dissolved, their members becoming members of the Alliance as a whole rather than of any specific constituent party.
859:
and ejected members with racist views. Professor Paul
Spooney stated that antisemitic sentiment was "largely irrelevant" by the 1970s, but remained present until 1984 when Beetham ejected party members who believed in an international financial Jewish conspiracy.
437:
Cracknell did not prove to be a good performer in parliament itself, however, and did not succeed in advancing the Social Credit manifesto. Partly due to this, and partly due to an exceptionally poor campaign, Cracknell was not re-elected in the
556:
In 1983, Beetham suffered a minor heart attack, causing him to lose some of his earlier energy. He also became, according to many Social Credit supporters, more demanding and intolerant. This reduced Social Credit's appeal to voters.
826:, the founder of the social credit movement, toured New Zealand in 1934 and expounded his view that Jews were involved in a global conspiracy to control finance. His ideas were discussed in the New Zealand Social Credit publication
584:, an economically right-wing liberal party that opposed Muldoon's government. The New Zealand Party may have taken some of the protest votes that Social Credit once received. It was from this election that the term "
772:, the Democrats for Social Credit ran 26 candidates, namely 13 electorate candidates and 13 list only candidates. The party gained 806 votes on the party vote (0.0%) and failed to win any seats in Parliament.
219:
from 1991 to 2002. The party returned to the Social Credit name in 2018. The Social Credit Party and its logo were deregistered at the party's request on 28 February 2023, following the death of its leader
2975:
2350:
735:, Grant Gillon and John Wright were placed third and fourth on the party's list. However, the Progressives won only enough votes for two seats, thus leaving the two Democrats outside parliament.
2727:
268:
The Social Credit
Political League was formed in 1953 out of the membership of the Social Credit Association, an educational organisation. The association focused much of its efforts on the
4168:
248:
727:
In 2002, when tensions between the "moderate left" and the "hard left" caused a split in the
Alliance, the Democrats followed Jim Anderton's moderate faction and became a part of the
620:). The Democratic Party lost both those seats, removing them from parliament. In 1988, Knapp and a group of other Democrats were involved in a protest at parliament to highlight the
608:
At the party's 1985 conference, the Social Credit name was dropped, and group became the New
Zealand Democratic Party (Beetham had earlier argued for a simpler name in 1982). At the
2968:
2325:
1525:
364:
The Social Credit Party was established as the Social Credit
Political League. It was founded on 10 January 1953, and grew out of the earlier Social Credit Association.
251:) although the relationship between those movements and the New Zealand movement was not always amicable. The party was also intermittently damaged from allegations of
3648:
3467:
325:
by adopting certain Social Credit policies. Several followers of Social Credit policies eventually left the Labour Party, where their proposals (for example, those of
2961:
4387:
580:. Despite still holding the same number of seats, Social Credit won 7.6% of the total vote in 1984, a substantial drop. Some commentators attributed this to the
208:, who rebuilt the party into a significant political force. At its zenith under Beetham in 1981, Social Credit achieved an unprecedented 20.7% of the vote.
4392:
4377:
3091:
4324:
192:, holding one seat at times between 1966 and 1981, and two seats from 1981 to 1987. While Social Credit once had significant support, particularly as a
4334:
4026:
3691:
2992:
2984:
1944:
1831:
693:
446:
160:
3972:
3422:
3317:
3121:
3051:
2762:
2285:
847:
3600:
601:
3934:
3772:
3605:
3282:
3021:
2172:
1666:
1301:
656:
314:
216:
4122:
3914:
3540:
3510:
3312:
3206:
3071:
345:
280:
99:
4066:
4086:
4011:
3847:
3715:
3641:
3076:
2149:
1871:
697:
395:
189:
2461:
484:. While the Values Party did not win any seats, many supporters of Social Credit believed that it drew voters away from the older party.
371:, a businessman. Much of the early activity in the party involved formulating policy and promoting social credit theories to the public.
4142:
4096:
3939:
3610:
3560:
3530:
3352:
3347:
3211:
3201:
787:
674:
633:
3924:
3482:
3437:
3402:
2669:
450:
292:
4163:
3575:
3362:
3046:
2929:
2402:
2373:
2225:
2203:
2184:
1551:
1464:
1436:
1408:
1380:
1352:
1324:
1309:
1294:
1290:
1262:
1234:
1206:
1178:
1150:
1122:
1094:
1066:
1038:
1010:
982:
954:
926:
898:
799:
783:
769:
758:
751:
747:
732:
708:
689:
640:. It is believed that changing the name of the party was a historic mistake and a major cause in the subsequent decline of support.
609:
561:
530:
499:
477:
439:
415:
399:
391:
330:
318:
307:
284:
2591:
2573:
2507:
4158:
3525:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3231:
3166:
3131:
839:
511:
299:
398:. The party's quick rise did, however, prompt discussion of the party's policies. National saw Social Credit as a threat in the
3998:
3634:
3447:
3367:
3081:
682:
423:
419:
2546:
746:
In 2005, the party re-added "for Social Credit" to its name to supplement its party name. The Democrats contested that year's
4382:
4091:
3550:
3397:
3297:
3292:
3181:
3101:
3061:
1529:
480:. Despite a relatively strong showing, Social Credit failed to win any seats, a fact that some blamed on the rise of the new
403:
reformers plus alienated National voters and the tactical voting of Labour supporters in a seat where Labour could not win".
2643:
677:, decided to increase cooperation with compatible parties. This resulted in the Democrats joining NewLabour, the Greens and
4173:
4081:
3565:
3357:
3236:
3196:
1316:
728:
662:
637:
537:
244:
2422:
4036:
4006:
3261:
3126:
856:
842:, the Labour Party attempted to discredit Social Credit with a pamphlet that set out Major Douglas’s antisemitic views.
114:
4117:
4112:
4076:
3965:
3919:
3750:
3555:
3545:
3505:
3490:
3327:
3302:
2595:
1588:
762:
565:
488:
269:
240:
1514:
4051:
3580:
3515:
3412:
3332:
3307:
3146:
3011:
2366:
New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science
643:
Beetham was extremely bitter about the Democrats' change of direction, and led a short-lived splinter group called
625:
427:
197:
1533:
1518:
4056:
3782:
3733:
3477:
3372:
3216:
3186:
3031:
1901:
1686:
776:
536:
During that parliamentary term, Social Credit's support was damaged by a deal between Beetham and National Party
348:. The new party got 4.3% of the vote in the 1943 general election, with both Lee and Barnard losing their seats.
221:
3500:
3417:
3116:
2424:
Not a Fair Go: A History and Analysis of Social Credit's Struggle for Success in New Zealand's Electoral System
666:
621:
273:
165:
4061:
3191:
514:(caused by the resignation of the sitting National MP). Knapp, like Beetham, was highly active in parliament.
4046:
3878:
3615:
3462:
3277:
1964:
807:
155:
4347:
4329:
4041:
4021:
3958:
3495:
3156:
2551:
2490:
855:
who was more liberal. In the late 1970s the party became concerned about infiltration by the anti-semitic
185:
3452:
3241:
3226:
3176:
3171:
2704:
2431:
2300:
2523:
445:
The following year, a leadership contest between Cracknell and another prominent Social Credit member,
356:
255:, stemming from Douglas' own racist views. Beetham formally denounced antisemitism upon his election.
4213:
4127:
2732:
803:
236:
4071:
3758:
3442:
3066:
3016:
2757:
1624:
632:
collapsed altogether by which time they had been eclipsed by other third party choices such as the
426:
in 1966, a region that had been a stronghold of the Country Party. Cracknell narrowly defeated the
418:, however, that the party won its first representation in parliament. Cracknell managed to win the
1569:
4258:
3727:
3585:
3570:
3520:
3322:
3251:
3106:
3056:
3041:
2022:
1891:
740:
2832:
2806:
2252:
600:
461:
211:
The party held no seats in its own right after 1987 and subsequently declined. It was named the
2884:
2858:
818:
During the 20th century, the social credit movement in New Zealand was accused of indulging in
476:, who would become the most well known Social Credit leader. Beetham took over in time for the
4298:
4031:
3457:
3432:
2925:
2398:
2369:
2221:
2199:
2180:
819:
588:
Suit and Skoda Brigade" was coined for Social Credit (by defeated National Party Pakuranga MP
581:
52:
851:
states that the antisemitism of Social Credit ended in the 1970s with the election of leader
4228:
4223:
4208:
4193:
4137:
3929:
3822:
3685:
3535:
3287:
3086:
2665:
2326:"After long battle with neck cancer Whangārei,-based Social Credit leader Chris Leitch dies"
2060:
1821:
802:. Bruni stated that the party intends to rebrand to avoid comparison with the controversial
719:
644:
411:
383:
322:
201:
31:
2953:
2621:
17:
4354:
4198:
3883:
3868:
3427:
2511:
2390:
2259:
2248:
2002:
647:, using the Social Credit label. It failed to win any seats in 1990 and quickly vanished.
569:
394:, the party won 11.13% of the vote. The party failed to win seats in parliament under the
678:
291:
had stood as a monetary reform candidate on behalf of the Real Democracy Movement in the
4273:
4268:
3679:
3136:
3036:
3001:
2915:
2504:
2237:
786:, Social Credit won no seats, obtaining 1,520 votes (0.05%). In 2021 the party opposed
540:
407:
4371:
4283:
4263:
4253:
4233:
4203:
3981:
3837:
3827:
3703:
3697:
3407:
3256:
3161:
3151:
3111:
3026:
2788:
2112:
2075:
1851:
1841:
1811:
852:
823:
617:
573:
473:
465:
279:
The social credit movement decided to set up a "separate political organisation" the
232:
228:
205:
120:
2280:
4303:
4288:
4016:
3863:
3842:
3721:
3673:
3590:
3141:
2134:
2012:
1974:
1881:
1785:
1606:
701:
670:
481:
431:
368:
341:
252:
193:
2728:"Once a political force: Social Credit Party deregisters, vows to rebrand in 2024"
521:
200:
as it had no geographically concentrated vote. Its most identifiable leaders were
2919:
4308:
4248:
4243:
4218:
3909:
3777:
3472:
3246:
3006:
2599:
2466:
2213:
1861:
1676:
1503:
835:
613:
334:
326:
442:, returning Sloane to parliament and depriving Social Credit of its only seat.
379:
4293:
4278:
4238:
3888:
3832:
3709:
3342:
2090:
1984:
795:
696:
electoral system, the Alliance won thirteen seats. Among the MPs elected were
503:
288:
775:
In June 2018, the party voted to change its name back to Social Credit after
624:
government's abandonment on its election promise to hold a referendum on the
3595:
3337:
2911:
585:
577:
549:
544:
507:
2488:
Orsman, Bernard (2 December 1991). "Alliance born with eye on Tamaki win".
838:
and R.A Lochore, which repeated Jewish financial conspiracy claims. In the
832:
From Europe to New Zealand: An Account of Our Continental European Settlers
612:, the party held two seats in parliament (one was East Coast Bays, held by
434:, the incumbent, after having placed second in the previous two elections.
830:. Social Credit, along with the Department of Internal Affairs, published
661:
The Democrats, finding themselves increasingly pressured by the growth of
204:(1963-70), who served just one term in parliament, and the household name
3893:
3873:
3096:
1954:
589:
492:
2690:
3626:
794:
remain active despite being deregistered and being unable to submit a
340:
In 1940 Lee, who had by then been expelled from the Labour Party, and
2244:
750:
as an independent party and received 0.05% of the party vote. In the
410:
replaced Owen as leader, before being replaced three years later by
295:
electorate in 1943, and was later made a life member of the League.
743:, who had been fifth on the Progressive list, as their new leader.
564:, Beetham lost his Rangitikei seat to a National Party challenger,
1568:
718:
599:
520:
460:
378:
355:
3950:
2766:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga
739:
Progressive Party after the Democrats left. The Democrats chose
3954:
3630:
2957:
2948:
2395:
The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party
2505:
Chief Electoral Office: Official Count Results: Overall status
2462:"'Here for good': The long, strange twilight of Social Credit"
2368:. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. p. 370.
1497:
2859:"Socred split looms over claims of anti-Semitic infiltration"
685:
in forming the Alliance, a broad left-wing coalition group.
715:
Progressive Coalition and independent again (2002–present)
188:
from the 1950s to the 1980s. It won representation in the
4169:
Social Credit Party of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2666:"2020 General Election and Referendums - Official Result"
757:
The party did not apply for broadcasting funding for the
142:
2281:"Political parties – Challenging the two-party system"
329:
for housing) were strongly opposed by the "orthodox"
235:. Social credit movements also existed in Australia (
506:, who defeated free-market National Party candidate
4317:
4186:
4151:
4105:
3997:
3990:
3902:
3856:
3815:
3743:
3666:
3270:
2991:
547:, a controversial construction project and part of
276:, where it attempted to influence economic policy.
135:
127:
113:
105:
95:
77:
59:
41:
2279:Jennifer, Curtin; Raymond, Miller (20 June 2012).
2236:
2592:"Democrats for Social Credit Announce Party List"
390:Social Credit gained support quickly, and in the
2924:(12th ed.). Auckland: Octopus. p. 88.
2783:
2781:
543:. In exchange for Social Credit support for the
184:") was a political party that was New Zealand's
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2416:
2414:
754:, the party again won 0.05% of the party vote.
3966:
3642:
2969:
8:
2646:. Democrats for Social Credit. 17 June 2018
1532:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
572:seat, and another Social Credit candidate,
491:, caused by the death of National Party MP
468:, leader 1972–85, MP for Rangitikei 1978–84
3994:
3973:
3959:
3951:
3649:
3635:
3627:
2976:
2962:
2954:
2644:"Party Changes Name and Elects New Leader"
867:
360:Social Credit marching song from the 1950s
337:and other prominent Labour Party members.
283:in 1942. RDM got about 4,400 votes in the
51:
38:
4335:Social Credit Party of Canada split, 1963
4027:Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform
2752:
2750:
2622:"2017 General Election – Official Result"
1552:Learn how and when to remove this message
2985:Defunct political parties of New Zealand
2547:"No votes, no surprise for party leader"
2524:"2011 Election Results – Overall Status"
2218:Crusade: Social Credit's drive for power
2045:
1916:
1773:
1576:
694:mixed-member proportional representation
310:, receiving 374 votes and coming third.
4325:1937 Social Credit backbenchers' revolt
2763:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2758:"6. – Ethnic and religious intolerance"
2286:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2271:
2179:. Palmerston North: The Dunmore Press.
893:
886:
814:Accusations of antisemitism (1934–1984)
616:; and the other was Pakuranga, held by
386:, leader 1963–70, MP for Hobson 1966–69
215:from 1985 to 2018, and was part of the
2793:Jewish Lives in New Zealand: A History
2726:Hamilton-Irvine, Gary (8 March 2023).
2545:Matthew Backhouse (27 November 2011).
2397:. Auckland: Reed Methuen. p. 67.
657:Alliance (New Zealand political party)
414:, an accountant. It was not until the
109:42 Reyburn House Lane, Whangārei, 0110
4388:Political parties established in 1953
4123:Democratic Labour Party (New Zealand)
3271:Unregistered and pre-1996 era parties
2995:era registered parties (1996–present)
2260:The 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
7:
4087:Social Credit Party of New Brunswick
4012:British Columbia Social Credit Party
3601:Workers' Party of New Zealand (1991)
2807:"'Early Sacred writers anti-Jewish'"
2707:. Electoral Commission. 1 March 2023
1530:adding citations to reliable sources
692:, which was conducted under the new
626:first-past-the-post electoral system
396:first past the post electoral system
231:, an economic theory established by
227:The party was based on the ideas of
190:New Zealand House of Representatives
4143:Solomon Islands Social Credit Party
4097:Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan
3353:Independent Political Labour League
512:1980 by-election in East Coast Bays
4393:1953 establishments in New Zealand
3468:No Commercial Airport at Whenuapai
2624:. New Zealand Electoral Commission
2526:. New Zealand Electoral Commission
25:
4378:Social Credit Party (New Zealand)
4164:Irish Monetary Reform Association
4133:Social Credit Party (New Zealand)
3363:Kiwis Against Further Immigration
2430:(M.A. Political Science thesis).
2198:. Dunedin: Caveman Publications.
498:Beetham retained his seat in the
2833:"Socred leader attacks 'smears'"
2351:"Social Credit Political Action"
2239:Political Parties in New Zealand
1502:
840:1980 East Coast Bays by-election
321:, pulled New Zealand out of the
4067:Ralliement créditiste du Québec
2460:Braae, Alex (27 October 2019).
2353:. Papers Past. 4 February 1942.
2159:
2144:
2129:
2122:
2107:
2100:
2085:
2070:
1308:
1289:
820:antisemitic conspiracy theories
313:Social Credit claimed that the
178:New Zealand Social Credit Party
4174:Social Credit Party of Ireland
4092:Social Credit Party of Ontario
3092:Family Rights Protection Party
2921:Who's Who in New Zealand, 1991
2235:Milne, Robert Stephen (1966).
489:1978 by-election in Rangitikei
1:
4082:Social Credit Party of Canada
3348:Imperial British Conservative
2891:. 10 November 1979. p. 1
2865:. 10 November 1979. p. 1
2813:. 8 September 1980. p. 5
2705:"Amendment to Party Register"
2301:"Amendment to Party Register"
457:Popularity zenith (1972–1985)
367:The party's first leader was
264:The Social Credit Association
245:Social Credit Party of Canada
4037:Manitoba Social Credit Party
4007:Abolitionist Party of Canada
3262:Workers Party of New Zealand
2839:. 27 August 1980. p. 10
2196:Social Credit Inside and Out
302:electorate on behalf of the
298:Maurice Hayes stood for the
213:New Zealand Democratic Party
4118:Country Party (New Zealand)
4113:Australian League of Rights
4077:Alberta Social Credit Party
3751:Septimus James Edgar Closey
2596:Democrats for Social Credit
1589:Septimus James Edgar Closey
763:51st New Zealand Parliament
317:, which was elected at the
247:), and the United Kingdom (
241:Australian League of Rights
27:New Zealand political party
18:Democrats for Social Credit
4409:
2574:"DSC-announces-Party-list"
2421:Calderwood, David (2010).
2194:Sheppard, Michael (1981).
654:
651:Alliance years (1991–2002)
604:1980s Democrats party logo
472:O'Brien's replacement was
198:first-past-the-post voting
196:, it was disadvantaged by
29:
4343:
4057:Pilgrims of Saint Michael
3318:Democratic Progress Party
3232:Superannuitants and Youth
3217:Residents Action Movement
3187:New Zealand Pacific Party
2364:Norton, Clifford (1988).
2220:. Lower Hutt: INL Print.
2116:
2111:
2094:
2089:
2054:
2048:
1936:Frederick Charles Roberts
1313:
1298:
876:
873:
870:
788:COVID-19 vaccine mandates
502:. He was later joined by
375:Early history (1953–1972)
304:Social Credit Association
151:
140:
50:
2899:– via Papers Past.
2885:"No racist, says member"
2873:– via Papers Past.
2847:– via Papers Past.
2821:– via Papers Past.
274:New Zealand Labour Party
30:Not to be confused with
4052:Parti crédit social uni
4047:Pauper Party of Ontario
3915:Democratic Labour Party
3816:Former Parliamentarians
3358:Join Australia Movement
2510:9 February 2009 at the
808:Chinese Communist Party
346:Democratic Labour Party
315:first Labour government
281:Real Democracy Movement
156:Politics of New Zealand
100:Real Democracy Movement
83:; 18 months ago
4330:Prosperity certificate
4159:British People's Party
4022:Christian Credit Party
3072:Direct Democracy Party
2552:The New Zealand Herald
2491:The New Zealand Herald
1574:
724:
605:
526:
469:
387:
361:
249:UK Social Credit Party
65:; 71 years ago
4383:Social credit parties
4062:Ralliement créditiste
3940:Progressive Coalition
3117:Independent Coalition
2432:University of Waikato
2042:Members of parliament
1795:Cecil William Elvidge
1642:Percival John Dempsey
1572:
1317:Progressive Coalition
800:2023 general election
784:2020 general election
770:2017 general election
752:2008 general election
729:Progressive Coalition
722:
603:
596:Democrats (1985–1991)
568:. Knapp retained his
524:
500:1978 general election
464:
382:
359:
81:28 February 2023
4214:John Horne Blackmore
4128:Douglas Credit Party
3925:New Democratic Party
3766:Percival John Dempsy
3147:McGillicuddy Serious
2670:Electoral Commission
1526:improve this section
804:social credit system
779:was elected leader.
451:New Democratic Party
237:Douglas Credit Party
63:10 January 1953
4072:Social Credit Board
3659:Social Credit Party
3283:Christian Democrats
3062:Conservative (1996)
3047:Christian Coalition
3032:Asia Pacific United
2912:Traue, James Edward
1913:Deputy party leader
331:Minister of Finance
224:earlier that year.
180:(sometimes called "
44:Social Credit Party
4259:Robert A. Heinlein
3728:Stephnie de Ruyter
3521:Reform New Zealand
3423:National Socialist
3418:National Democrats
3398:Liberal Federation
3207:Progressive Greens
3182:Outdoor Recreation
3057:The Civilian Party
3052:Christian Heritage
2602:. 1 September 2017
2023:Stephnie de Ruyter
1892:Stephnie de Ruyter
1744:Harry Alchin-Smith
1575:
741:Stephnie de Ruyter
725:
665:(founded by rebel
606:
527:
470:
388:
362:
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4299:Manasseh Sogavare
4182:
4181:
3948:
3947:
3796:Neville Aitchison
3624:
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3616:Young New Zealand
3483:People's Movement
3458:New Zealand Party
3448:New Liberal Party
3313:Democratic Labour
3278:Aotearoa NZ Youth
3012:Advance NZ (1995)
2733:Hawke's Bay Today
2163:
2162:
2039:
2038:
1994:Alasdair Thompson
1910:
1909:
1806:
1767:
1766:
1720:Neville Aitchison
1562:
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1491:
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864:Electoral results
845:The encyclopedia
582:New Zealand Party
518:30% of the vote.
174:
173:
161:Political parties
16:(Redirected from
4400:
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4229:Vernon Cracknell
4209:W. A. C. Bennett
4194:William Aberhart
4138:Social Credit-NZ
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3903:Related articles
3823:Vernon Cracknell
3744:Party presidents
3686:Vernon Cracknell
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3611:World Socialists
3556:Socialists (iii)
3541:Social Democrats
3536:Social Credit-NZ
3102:Freedom Movement
3087:The Family Party
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748:general election
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412:Vernon Cracknell
384:Vernon Cracknell
323:Great Depression
202:Vernon Cracknell
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4189:
4185:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:New Democracy
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3983:Social Credit
3976:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Country Party
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3838:Neil Morrison
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:Bruce Beetham
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3787:Margaret Cook
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:George Bryant
3771:
3768:
3765:
3763:Frank Needham
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:Maurice Hayes
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:Neil Morrison
3702:
3699:
3698:Bruce Beetham
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:Party Leaders
3665:
3661:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:United Labour
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:Radical Party
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Piri Wiri Tua
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Patriot Party
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:New Economics
3441:
3439:
3438:New Democrats
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Mana Motuhake
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Liberal (iii)
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Labour (1910)
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Future NZ (i)
3331:
3329:
3328:Freedom Party
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:United Future
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Social Credit
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Mauri Pacific
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Internet Mana
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Green Society
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Animals First
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2933:
2931:9780790001302
2927:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2686:
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2671:
2667:
2661:
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2645:
2639:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
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2456:
2454:
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2446:
2433:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2404:0-474-00177-6
2400:
2396:
2392:
2385:
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2377:
2375:0-475-11200-8
2371:
2367:
2360:
2357:
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2327:
2321:
2318:
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2302:
2296:
2293:
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2287:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2229:
2227:0-86464-025-0
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2205:0-908562-56-X
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2186:0-908564-73-2
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2113:Neil Morrison
2110:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Bruce Beetham
2074:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:Neil Morrison
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:Bruce Beetham
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:P.H. Matthews
1810:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1763:2018–present
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:Margaret Cook
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:George Bryant
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:Frank Needham
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:Maurice Hayes
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1511:This section
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
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1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
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1425:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
964:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
943:
936:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
908:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
890:
888:
883:
881:
880:
869:
863:
861:
858:
854:
853:Bruce Beetham
850:
849:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:C. H. Douglas
821:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
760:
759:2011 election
755:
753:
749:
744:
742:
736:
734:
733:2002 election
730:
721:
714:
712:
710:
709:1999 election
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:1996 election
686:
684:
683:Mana Motuhake
681:-based party
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
658:
650:
648:
646:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
619:
618:Neil Morrison
615:
611:
610:1987 election
602:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Neil Morrison
571:
567:
563:
562:1984 election
558:
554:
552:
551:
546:
542:
539:
534:
532:
531:1981 election
523:
519:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
478:1972 election
475:
474:Bruce Beetham
467:
466:Bruce Beetham
463:
456:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
440:1969 election
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:1966 election
413:
409:
404:
401:
400:1957 election
397:
393:
385:
381:
374:
372:
370:
365:
358:
351:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:1935 election
316:
311:
309:
308:1951 election
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:1943 election
282:
277:
275:
271:
270:Country Party
263:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:C. H. Douglas
230:
229:social credit
225:
223:
218:
214:
209:
207:
206:Bruce Beetham
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
150:
146:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:Social credit
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
80:
76:
62:
58:
54:
49:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4304:Ken Sweigard
4289:Al Overfield
4132:
4017:Canada Party
3864:Jeremy Dwyer
3843:Grant Gillon
3808:Gloria Bruni
3799:David Wilson
3783:Chris Leitch
3734:Chris Leitch
3722:Grant Gillon
3692:John O'Brien
3674:Wilfrid Owen
3657:
3591:Values Party
3388:Liberal (iv)
3378:Liberal (ii)
3323:Equal Values
3298:Co-operative
3227:South Island
3221:
3142:Libertarianz
3042:Bill and Ben
2920:
2905:
2895:20 September
2893:. Retrieved
2888:
2879:
2869:20 September
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2843:20 September
2841:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2817:20 September
2815:. Retrieved
2810:
2801:
2792:
2768:. Retrieved
2761:
2737:. Retrieved
2731:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2699:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2550:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2518:
2500:
2494:. p. 1.
2489:
2483:
2473:15 September
2471:. Retrieved
2465:
2436:. Retrieved
2423:
2394:
2384:
2365:
2359:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2304:
2295:
2284:
2274:
2238:
2217:
2214:Zavos, Spiro
2195:
2176:
2135:Grant Gillon
2055:Affiliation
2013:Grant Gillon
1975:Jeremy Dwyer
1945:John O'Brien
1928:Robert Young
1902:Chris Leitch
1882:Grant Gillon
1832:John O'Brien
1802:
1786:Wilfrid Owen
1770:Party leader
1760:Gloria Bruni
1728:David Wilson
1687:Chris Leitch
1607:Wilfrid Owen
1548:
1539:
1524:Please help
1512:
1315:Part of the
1300:Part of the
846:
844:
831:
827:
817:
806:used by the
792:
781:
777:Chris Leitch
774:
767:
756:
745:
737:
726:
706:
702:Grant Gillon
687:
671:Jim Anderton
667:Labour Party
660:
642:
630:
607:
559:
555:
548:
535:
528:
516:
497:
486:
482:Values Party
471:
447:John O'Brien
444:
436:
432:Logan Sloane
405:
389:
369:Wilfrid Owen
366:
363:
342:Bill Barnard
339:
312:
303:
297:
278:
267:
253:antisemitism
226:
222:Chris Leitch
212:
210:
194:protest vote
181:
177:
175:
143:socialcredit
106:Headquarters
36:
4309:John Turmel
4249:Ron Gostick
4244:A. N. Field
4219:Eric Butler
3910:John A. Lee
3848:John Wright
3805:Ewan Cornor
3778:Stefan Lipa
3769:Don Bethune
3718:(1991–2001)
3716:John Wright
3586:United (ii)
3566:Sovereignty
3433:New Citizen
3413:Mana Wahine
3393:Liberal (v)
3373:Liberal (i)
3247:Te Tawharau
3237:Sustainable
3202:Progressive
3167:Natural Law
2600:Scoop.co.nz
2558:27 November
2530:27 November
2467:The Spinoff
2434:. p. 1
2251:. pp.
2247:, England:
2150:John Wright
1872:John Wright
1862:Garry Knapp
1752:Ewan Cornor
1677:Stefan Lipa
1658:Don Bethune
1650:W. A. Evans
1637:1966–1970?
836:Eric Butler
782:During the
768:During the
698:John Wright
614:Garry Knapp
344:formed the
335:Walter Nash
327:John A. Lee
243:), Canada (
186:third party
4372:Categories
4294:Ezra Pound
4279:Roly Marks
4239:Louis Even
3889:Roly Marks
3879:Les Hunter
3833:Gary Knapp
3790:Peter Kane
3710:Gary Knapp
3581:United (i)
3157:Mana Māori
3082:Expatriate
2691:"Mandates"
2266:References
2154:1996–2002
2139:1996–2002
2127:Democrats
2117:1984–1987
2105:Democrats
2095:1980–1987
2091:Gary Knapp
2080:1978–1984
2065:1966–1969
2052:In office
2035:2002–2003
2027:2000–2002
2017:1994–2000
2007:1988–1991
1997:1985–1988
1989:1981–1985
1985:Gary Knapp
1979:1977–1981
1969:1972–1977
1965:Les Hunter
1959:1970–1972
1949:1960–1970
1939:1958–1959
1931:1954–1958
1906:2018–2023
1896:2002–2018
1886:2001–2002
1876:1991–2001
1866:1988–1991
1856:1986–1988
1846:1972–1986
1836:1970–1972
1826:1963–1970
1816:1960–1962
1790:1954–1959
1755:2017–2018
1747:2015–2017
1739:2013–2015
1731:2010–2013
1723:2005–2010
1715:2003–2005
1707:1999–2003
1704:Peter Kane
1699:1993–1999
1691:1988–1993
1681:1979–1987
1671:1976–1979
1661:1972–1975
1645:1970–1972
1629:1958–1963
1619:1956-1958
1611:1954–1956
1601:1953–1954
1580:President
1565:Presidents
828:Plain Talk
796:party list
673:) and the
655:See also:
504:Gary Knapp
352:Foundation
289:Roly Marks
88:2023-02-28
70:1953-01-10
3991:Movements
3759:Mary King
3736:(2018–23)
3730:(2002–18)
3724:(2001–02)
3712:(1988–91)
3706:(1986–88)
3700:(1972–86)
3694:(1970–72)
3688:(1962–70)
3682:(1960–62)
3676:(1954–59)
3596:WIN Party
3428:NewLabour
3338:GOdsownNZ
3252:United NZ
3242:TEA Party
2889:The Press
2863:The Press
2837:The Press
2811:The Press
2770:4 January
2628:7 October
2606:6 October
2330:NZ Herald
2305:Elections
2157:Alliance
2142:Alliance
1798:1959–1960
1625:Mary King
1513:does not
891:Of total
884:Of total
871:Election
731:. In the
663:NewLabour
638:NewLabour
586:Crimplene
578:Pakuranga
550:Think Big
545:Clyde Dam
508:Don Brash
424:Northland
166:Elections
78:Dissolved
4356:Politics
4349:Category
3935:Alliance
3894:Tom Weal
3874:Eva Hill
3308:Democrat
3127:Internet
3097:Focus NZ
3037:Ban 1080
3022:Alliance
2918:(1991).
2791:(2012).
2508:Archived
2438:18 April
2393:(1986).
2216:(1981).
2175:(1981).
1955:Tom Weal
1302:Alliance
1252:105,091
1224:147,162
1196:372,056
1168:274,756
1140:119,147
1084:121,576
1056:174,515
1000:100,905
944:122,068
590:Pat Hunt
493:Roy Jack
406:In 1960
293:Wanganui
217:Alliance
115:Ideology
4318:History
4106:Oceania
3606:Women's
3487:Phoenix
3303:Country
3288:Climate
3067:Destiny
2739:9 March
2711:1 March
2650:10 July
2335:1 March
2310:1 March
2253:299–303
2177:Beetham
2166:Sources
2049:Member
1777:Leader
1534:removed
1519:sources
1477:0 / 120
1449:0 / 120
1421:0 / 121
1393:0 / 121
1365:0 / 122
1337:0 / 121
1280:30,455
1199:20.65%
1171:16.07%
1112:93,231
1059:14.48%
1028:95,176
972:83,498
947:11.13%
798:at the
707:By the
688:In the
560:In the
529:By the
510:in the
487:In the
306:in the
300:Waimate
259:History
136:Website
86: (
68: (
60:Founded
4187:People
4152:Europe
3999:Canada
3571:Thrive
3516:Reform
3501:Public
3491:Pirate
3177:One NZ
2928:
2675:21 May
2401:
2372:
2245:Oxford
2224:
2202:
2183:
1803:acting
1485:0.05%
1482:1,520
1457:0.03%
1429:0.07%
1426:1,730
1401:0.07%
1398:1,432
1373:0.05%
1370:1,208
1345:0.05%
1342:1,079
1283:1.67%
1275:0 / 97
1255:5.74%
1247:0 / 97
1227:7.63%
1219:2 / 95
1214:2.11%
1191:2 / 92
1186:2.17%
1163:1 / 92
1143:7.43%
1135:0 / 87
1115:6.65%
1107:0 / 87
1087:9.07%
1079:0 / 84
1051:1 / 80
1031:7.94%
1023:0 / 80
1003:8.62%
995:0 / 80
975:7.21%
967:0 / 80
939:0 / 80
919:0.03%
911:0 / 80
877:Votes
874:Seats
848:Te Ara
675:Greens
634:Greens
622:Labour
576:, won
420:Hobson
182:Socred
128:Slogan
3473:OurNZ
3007:99 MP
2428:(PDF)
1923:Term
1780:Term
1653:1972
1593:1953
1583:Term
1158:1.1%
1046:1.3%
679:Māori
3343:Hapu
3152:Mana
3137:Kiwi
2926:ISBN
2897:2024
2871:2024
2845:2024
2819:2024
2772:2020
2741:2023
2713:2023
2677:2021
2652:2018
2630:2017
2608:2017
2560:2011
2532:2011
2475:2020
2440:2015
2399:ISBN
2370:ISBN
2337:2023
2312:2023
2222:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2181:ISBN
1517:any
1515:cite
1465:2020
1454:806
1437:2017
1409:2014
1381:2011
1353:2008
1325:2005
1310:2002
1295:1999
1291:1993
1263:1990
1235:1987
1207:1984
1179:1981
1151:1978
1123:1975
1095:1972
1067:1969
1039:1966
1011:1963
983:1960
955:1957
927:1954
916:374
899:1951
700:and
636:and
272:and
239:and
176:The
3172:NMP
2993:MMP
1528:by
1472:0%
1444:0%
1416:0%
1388:0%
1360:0%
1332:0%
1270:0%
1242:0%
1130:0%
1102:0%
1074:0%
1018:0%
990:0%
962:0%
934:0%
906:0%
834:by
669:MP
592:).
430:'s
145:.nz
4374::
2914:;
2887:.
2861:.
2835:.
2809:.
2780:^
2760:.
2749:^
2730:.
2668:.
2598:.
2594:.
2576:.
2549:.
2464:.
2448:^
2413:^
2328:.
2303:.
2283:.
2243:.
1469:0
1441:0
1413:0
1385:0
1357:0
1329:0
1267:0
1239:0
1211:2
1183:2
1155:1
1127:0
1099:0
1071:0
1043:1
1015:0
987:0
959:0
931:0
903:0
822:.
810:.
790:.
765:.
628:.
453:.
333:,
287:.
3974:e
3967:t
3960:v
3650:e
3643:t
3636:v
2977:e
2970:t
2963:v
2934:.
2774:.
2743:.
2715:.
2693:.
2679:.
2654:.
2632:.
2610:.
2580:.
2562:.
2534:.
2477:.
2442:.
2407:.
2388:*
2378:.
2339:.
2314:.
2289:.
2255:.
2230:.
2208:.
2189:.
1805:)
1801:(
1555:)
1549:(
1544:)
1540:(
1536:.
1522:.
1293:–
90:)
72:)
34:.
20:)
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