254:
277:
872:
240:
820:(originally co-operative design, now often co-design) is the practice of collective creativity to design, attempting to actively involve all stakeholders (e.g. employees, partners, customers, citizens, end-users) in the design process to help ensure the result meets their needs and is usable. Recent research suggests that designers create more innovative concepts and ideas when working within a co-design environment with others than they do when creating ideas on their own.
5142:
214:
5051:
269:
5091:
5125:
84:
43:
5063:
5108:
146:
470:
covers the teaching of theory, knowledge and values in the design of products, services, and environments, with a focus on the development of both particular and general skills for designing. Traditionally, its primary orientation has been to prepare students for professional design practice, based
780:
is understood as a circular time structure, which may start with the thinking of an idea, then expressing it by the use of visual or verbal means of communication (design tools), the sharing and perceiving of the expressed idea, and finally starting a new cycle with the critical rethinking of the
307:
expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan may also be considered to be a design (such as in arts and crafts). A design is expected to have a purpose within a certain context, usually having to satisfy certain
502:
Substantial disagreement exists concerning how designers in many fields, whether amateur or professional, alone or in teams, produce designs. Design researchers Dorst and
Dijkhuis acknowledged that "there are many ways of describing design processes", and compare and contrast two dominant but
838:
is a term that is used for designing or organizing the experience around a product and the service associated with a product's use. The purpose of service design methodologies is to establish the most effective practices for designing services, according to both the needs of users and the
813:
is a design approach that prioritizes the consideration of the environmental impacts of a product or service, over its whole lifecycle. Ecodesign research focuses primarily on barriers to implementation, ecodesign tools and methods, and the intersection of ecodesign with other research
523:
done, and they both have a variety of names. The problem-solving view has been called "the rational model", "technical rationality" and "the reason-centric perspective". The alternative view has been called "reflection-in-action", "co-evolution", and "the action-centric perspective".
823:
Scientific design refers to industrialised design based on scientific knowledge. Science can be used to study the effects and need for a potential or existing product in general and to design products that are based on scientific knowledge. For instance, a scientific design of
771:
includes both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the process where the design agent simultaneously refines its mental picture of the design object based on its mental picture of the context, and vice
428:, the historical development of the discipline of design history coalesced in the 1970s, as interested academics worked to recognize design as a separate and legitimate target for historical research. Early influential design historians include German-British art historian
845:
design, a philosophy and tools for participative designing of work arrangements and supporting processes – for organizational purpose, quality, safety, economics, and customer requirements in core work processes, the quality of peoples experience at work, and the needs of
748:
and methodical development. Substantial empirical evidence supports the veracity of this perspective in describing the actions of real designers. Like the rational model, the action-centric model sees design as informed by research and knowledge.
2079:
Beck, K., Beedle, M., van
Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R.C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., and Thomas, D. (2001)
370:), but it can also designate others such as architects and engineers (see below: Types of designing). A designer's sequence of activities to produce a design is called a design process, with some employing designated processes such as
764:", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design.
1680:
Ralph, P. (2010) "Comparing two software design process theories". International
Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST 2010), Springer, St. Gallen, Switzerland, pp. 139–153.
423:
and the development of mass production. Others subscribe to conceptions of design that include pre-industrial objects and artefacts, beginning their narratives of design in prehistorical times. Originally situated within
490:. The development of design in general education in the 1970s created a need to identify fundamental aspects of 'designerly' ways of knowing, thinking, and acting, which resulted in establishing design as a distinct
354:. The term 'designer' usually refers to someone who works professionally in one of the various design areas. Within the professions, the word 'designer' is generally qualified by the area of practice (for example: a
807:
uses designed artefacts as an embodied critique or commentary on existing values, morals, and practices in a culture. Critical design can make aspects of the future physically present to provoke a reaction.
792:
is the study of definitions, assumptions, foundations, and implications of design. There are also many informal 'philosophies' for guiding design such as personal values or preferred approaches.
2059:
532:
The rational model was independently developed by
Herbert A. Simon, an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz. It posits that:
852:, the practice of making products and environments compatible with those physical and sensory impairments associated with human aging and which limit major activities of daily living.
1248:
4893:
781:
perceived idea. Anderson points out that this concept emphasizes the importance of the means of expression, which at the same time are means of perception of any design ideas.
445:
303:
refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something – its design. The verb
264:(2007). The slightly oblique end part of the fork and the spoons, as well as the knife handle, are examples of designing for both aesthetic form and practical function
2163:
Fischer, Thomas "Design Enigma. A typographical metaphor for enigmatic processes, including designing", in: T. Fischer, K. De Biswas, J.J. Ham, R. Naka, W.X. Huang,
4445:
2335:
1559:
393:
proposed that "Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones". According to the design researcher
397:, "Everyone can – and does – design" and "Design ability is something that everyone has, to some extent, because it is embedded in our brains as a natural
2588:
714:
The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are antithetical to the rational model. It posits that:
378:. The process of creating a design can be brief (a quick sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable research, negotiation, reflection,
4886:
503:
different views of the design process: as a rational problem-solving process and as a process of reflection-in-action. They suggested that these two
4514:
1869:
1793:
1763:
2029:
825:
283:, considered to be the father of safe driving and safety tests, preparing for safety development, which is a core part of the designing process
5079:
1821:
4519:
2358:
2300:
2224:
2185:
1341:
705:
Unrealistic assumptions – goals are often unknown when a design project begins, and the requirements and constraints continue to change.
702:
Designers do not work this way – extensive empirical evidence has demonstrated that designers do not act as the rational model suggests.
1841:
4879:
3300:
2919:
2101:
Truex, D.; Baskerville, R.; and Travis, J. (2000). "Amethodical systems development: The deferred meaning of systems development methods".
1901:
574:
literature. According to the rationalist philosophy, design is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and controlled manner.
682:
Redesign – any or all stages in the design process repeated (with corrections made) at any time before, during, or after production.
902:
The boundaries between art and design are blurry, largely due to a range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'.
1723:
415:
The study of design history is complicated by varying interpretations of what constitutes 'designing'. Many design historians, such as
4463:
3258:
2969:
1658:
385:
Designing is also a widespread activity outside of the professions of those formally recognized as designers. In his influential book
858:, which focuses on the needs, wants, and limitations of the end-user of the designed artefact. One aspect of user-centered design is
752:
At least two views of design activity are consistent with the action-centric perspective. Both involve these three basic activities:
272:
Early concept design sketches by the architect Erling Viksjø, exploring the relationships between existing and proposed new buildings
4473:
2952:
2863:
2558:
2015:
1992:
1881:
1853:
1805:
1775:
1627:
768:
512:
253:
200:
182:
127:
70:
2695:
94:
276:
5192:
4704:
4323:
2997:
2165:
Beyond Codes and Pixels: Proceedings of the 17th
International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia
736:
No universal sequence of stages is apparent – analysis, design, and implementation are contemporary and inextricably linked.
2140:
3826:
4468:
2457:"Empirical investigation of the impact of using co-design methods when generating proposals for sustainable travel solutions"
1483:
567:
2719:"The perspective of fluid flow behavior of respiratory droplets and aerosols through the facemasks in context of SARS-CoV-2"
156:
4539:
4092:
3615:
3192:
3182:
871:
457:
5041:
4345:
4328:
4050:
3890:
3325:
3241:
3214:
606:
2314:
1923:
3642:
3204:
2292:
The
Routledge companion to ecological design thinking : healthful ecotopian visions for architecture and urbanism
1069:
109:
4709:
4571:
4483:
3853:
3392:
989:
767:
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate between its three titular activities.
745:
537:
316:, functional, economic, environmental, or socio-political considerations. Traditional examples of designs include
105:
5187:
4666:
4335:
3950:
3945:
3875:
3816:
3620:
3605:
3416:
3332:
761:
4671:
4428:
4340:
4102:
3789:
3719:
3580:
3436:
3347:
3221:
1019:
896:
849:
2373:
Schäfer M, Löwer M. Ecodesign—A Review of
Reviews. Sustainability. 2021; 13(1):315. doi.org/10.3390/su13010315
3764:
2580:
5172:
4636:
4601:
4529:
4488:
4440:
4298:
4117:
4075:
4040:
4020:
3784:
2199:
2084:
541:
164:
56:
31:
5028:
4156:
4025:
3990:
3441:
3342:
3315:
3253:
1228:
1154:
1049:
674:
2896:
4837:
4621:
4504:
4318:
4124:
4097:
4087:
4055:
4045:
4010:
3925:
3870:
3865:
3848:
3794:
3632:
3585:
3446:
3310:
3231:
3087:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1159:
1064:
842:
487:
420:
317:
2793:
2248:
926:(2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration), the distinction is often made between
4791:
4646:
4606:
4360:
4313:
4134:
4082:
4005:
3995:
3895:
3858:
3838:
3769:
3759:
3167:
3157:
3114:
3092:
3047:
2990:
2740:
2633:
1935:
1129:
1034:
974:
969:
855:
817:
789:
449:
239:
5177:
4586:
4509:
4418:
4303:
4151:
4129:
4035:
4015:
3880:
3739:
3724:
3637:
3404:
3357:
3138:
1818:
1084:
964:
892:
828:
may be based on investigations of filtration performance, mitigation performance, thermal comfort,
757:
670:
637:
491:
321:
225:
5182:
5067:
5055:
4823:
4699:
4651:
4626:
4065:
3900:
3885:
3744:
3560:
3431:
3377:
3109:
2877:
2730:
2623:
2550:
2404:
2329:
2271:
2051:
1953:
1838:
1456:
1440:
1399:
1193:
1039:
1024:
888:
571:
4851:
2384:
1895:
280:
2884:– via nordes.org in proceedings from Nordic Design Research Conference, Design Inquiries.
5010:
4806:
4776:
4581:
4534:
4390:
4380:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4161:
4000:
3985:
3940:
3930:
3915:
3910:
3843:
3779:
3774:
3677:
3512:
3409:
3387:
3337:
3295:
3285:
3199:
3077:
3017:
2965:
2948:
2869:
2859:
2774:
2756:
2669:
2651:
2542:
2354:
2306:
2296:
2220:
2181:
2011:
1988:
1877:
1849:
1801:
1771:
1654:
1623:
1551:
1479:
1448:
1391:
1337:
1238:
1089:
1054:
1029:
994:
984:
959:
954:
907:
810:
444:
In
Western Europe, institutions for design education date back to the nineteenth century. The
3821:
1314:
4781:
4746:
4721:
4434:
4408:
4370:
4176:
4112:
4060:
3965:
3955:
3935:
3811:
3729:
3682:
3652:
3627:
3595:
3555:
3495:
3426:
3265:
2849:
2764:
2748:
2659:
2641:
2534:
2501:
2468:
2435:
2396:
2263:
2110:
2041:
1943:
1939:
1715:
1700:
1682:
1593:
1543:
1512:
1430:
1383:
1243:
1139:
1124:
878:
829:
467:
433:
429:
390:
379:
337:
329:
5114:
2522:
5167:
4950:
4771:
4751:
4731:
4726:
4716:
4611:
4246:
4236:
4221:
4181:
4146:
4139:
4070:
4030:
3799:
3672:
3662:
3570:
3527:
3507:
3236:
3187:
2983:
2088:
1948:
1873:
1845:
1825:
1797:
1767:
1213:
1198:
1109:
1044:
919:
804:
643:
612:
563:
483:
371:
367:
325:
217:
2744:
2687:
2637:
2214:
268:
4796:
4741:
4694:
4676:
4478:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4186:
3980:
3960:
3833:
3804:
3754:
3687:
3657:
3647:
3610:
3532:
3490:
3485:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3270:
3248:
3082:
3072:
2769:
2718:
2664:
2611:
2385:"Transforming citizens? Green politics and ethical consumption on lifestyle television"
1268:
1203:
1188:
1183:
1134:
1119:
1099:
1079:
1074:
1059:
1014:
999:
979:
931:
915:
911:
835:
687:
660:
479:
410:
375:
359:
355:
5050:
2114:
1719:
1581:
1500:
616:
507:"represent two fundamentally different ways of looking at the world –
213:
5161:
4943:
4801:
4786:
4766:
4689:
4591:
4423:
4413:
4241:
4231:
4206:
4171:
3734:
3667:
3590:
3565:
3517:
3502:
3209:
3129:
2897:"The Journey to the Interface, how public service design can connect users to reform"
2881:
2818:
2554:
2408:
2129:
1957:
1597:
1547:
1516:
1208:
1164:
1104:
1094:
1004:
730:
602:
2275:
1460:
4933:
4913:
4684:
4661:
4631:
4616:
3905:
3522:
3463:
3275:
3226:
3177:
3152:
3104:
3097:
2055:
1149:
1114:
949:
944:
903:
777:
626:
584:
416:
230:
2473:
1531:
2959:
2944:
2612:"Visualizing droplet dispersal for face shields and masks with exhalation valves"
1866:
1788:
1760:
1686:
1617:
1331:
1289:
4990:
4985:
4965:
4928:
4902:
4761:
4756:
4736:
4656:
4576:
4385:
4290:
3600:
3575:
3547:
3476:
3421:
3399:
3147:
3124:
3119:
3062:
3057:
1276:
1144:
1009:
923:
559:
425:
394:
221:
62:
934:, based on the context within which the work is produced and how it is traded.
5015:
4995:
4970:
4858:
4375:
3970:
3749:
3471:
3451:
3305:
3143:
2440:
2423:
2400:
2310:
1819:"Managing the development of large software systems: Concepts and techniques,"
1435:
1418:
1169:
859:
741:
719:
666:
508:
363:
313:
261:
243:
2933:
2873:
2854:
2760:
2655:
2546:
2506:
2489:
2488:
Trischler, Jakob; Pervan, Simon J.; Kelly, Stephen J.; Scott, Don R. (2018).
1555:
1452:
1444:
1395:
5005:
4975:
4844:
4830:
4641:
4365:
4350:
4308:
3920:
3480:
3320:
2581:"Face shields, masks with valves ineffective against COVID-19 spread: study"
2130:"Demystifying "design research": design is not research, research is design"
2046:
875:
453:
398:
2778:
2673:
2290:
554:
The design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence of stages.
460:
was founded in the United States in 1877. The German art and design school
17:
2688:"Face masks slow spread of COVID-19; types of masks, length of use matter"
2610:
Verma, Siddhartha; Dhanak, Manhar; Frankenfield, John (1 September 2020).
1922:
Condrea, Ionut; Botezatu, C.; Slătineanu, L.; Oroian, B. (February 2021).
5000:
4980:
3975:
3022:
2267:
1387:
927:
620:
596:
590:
577:
Typical stages consistent with the rational model include the following:
504:
350:
333:
5097:
5062:
2456:
1403:
1371:
5148:
4960:
4923:
4596:
4524:
3134:
2538:
2455:
Mitchell, Val; Ross, Tracy; Sims, Ruth; Parker, Christopher J. (2015).
723:
648:
472:
461:
292:
257:
2799:. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science
2752:
2646:
698:
The rational model has been widely criticized on two primary grounds:
4355:
2792:
Segelström, Fabian; Raijmakers, Bas; Holmlid, Stefan (January 2009).
1319:(first ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press. p. 54.
1272:
883:
599: – investigating similar designs in the field or related topics.
296:
5131:
1701:"Creativity in the design process: Co-evolution of problem–solution"
112:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2735:
2628:
4938:
3067:
1924:"Elaboration of the initial requirements in the design activities"
870:
275:
267:
252:
238:
212:
2081:
486:. Design is also a part of general education, for example within
4107:
545:
309:
4875:
4560:
4263:
3708:
3035:
2979:
464:, founded in 1919, greatly influenced modern design education.
4918:
4871:
1651:
The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action
515:". The paradigms may reflect differing views of how designing
139:
77:
36:
5073:
1865:
Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., and Grote, K.-H. (2007 )
2216:
Speculative
Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming
1333:
Design
Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work
605: – specifying requirements of a design for a product (
2975:
2180:, Basics Architecture 03, Lausanne, AVA academia, p. 40.
2819:"Taking Video beyond 'Hard Data' in User Centred Design"
1928:
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
2817:
Buur, Jacob; Binder, Thomas; Brandt, Eva (2000-01-01).
2717:
Kumar, Sanjay; Lee, Heow Pueh (李孝培) (1 November 2020).
2422:
Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N.; Stappers, Pieter Jan (2008).
101:
1619:
The Design of Design: Essays from a Computer Scientist
1372:"Globalizing Design History and Global Design History"
448:
was founded in 1818, followed by the United Kingdom's
5039:
2837:
2249:"Criticism and Function in Critical Design Practice"
1582:"Comparing paradigms for describing design activity"
1501:"Design as a Discipline: Designerly Ways of Knowing"
663: – introducing the design into the environment.
657:
Post-production design feedback for future designs.
478:
There are also broader forms of higher education in
446:
Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry
4497:
4456:
4399:
4289:
3541:
3460:
3376:
3284:
3166:
3046:
2103:
Accounting, Management and Information Technologies
1839:
Guide to the software engineering body of knowledge
839:
competencies and capabilities of service providers.
2794:"Thinking and Doing Ethnography in Service Design"
2389:Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies
673: – summary of process and results, including
640: – continuation and improvement of a design.
2947:. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. (2 vols)
2006:Cross, N., Dorst, K., and Roozenburg, N. (1992)
27:Plan for the construction of an object or system
2213:Dunne, Anthony; Raby, Fiona (6 December 2013).
922:which traditionally includes craft objects. In
159:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
740:The action-centric perspective is based on an
587: – initial statement of intended outcome.
4887:
2991:
2424:"Co-creation and the new landscape of design"
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
800:Some of these values and approaches include:
291:is the concept of or proposal for an object,
8:
1974:, p. 99. Milton Keynes: The Open University.
432:and Swiss historian and architecture critic
2128:Faste, Trygve; Faste, Haakon (2012-08-15).
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4894:
4880:
4872:
4557:
4286:
4260:
3705:
3043:
3032:
2998:
2984:
2976:
2523:"Science and design methodology: A review"
2334:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1837:Bourque, P., and Dupuis, R. (eds.) (2004)
2895:Sophia, Parker; Heapy, Joe (2006-07-01).
2853:
2768:
2734:
2663:
2645:
2627:
2505:
2472:
2439:
2045:
1947:
1867:Engineering design: A systematic approach
1790:Engineering design: A systematic approach
1770:, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. p. 111.
1611:
1609:
1607:
1434:
382:, interactive adjustment, and re-design.
312:and constraints and to take into account
201:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
4515:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
2958:Raizman, David Seth (12 November 2003).
2349:van der Ryn, Sim; Cowan, Stuart (1996).
2082:Manifesto for agile software development
2002:
2000:
1269:Cambridge Dictionary of American English
677:and suggestions for future improvements.
5086:
5046:
2137:Industrial Designers Society of America
2030:"Life cycle concept considered harmful"
2028:McCracken, D.D.; Jackson, M.A. (1982).
1848:(SWEBOK). IEEE Computer Society Press,
1260:
2327:
2034:ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
1580:Dorst, Kees; Dijkhuis, Judith (1995).
1290:"The greatest designs of modern times"
348:People who produce designs are called
4520:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
2591:from the original on 17 November 2021
1249:Visual design elements and principles
7:
2698:from the original on 23 October 2021
2351:An Introduction to Ecological Design
1900:. Krakow University of Technology.
1275:(esp. meanings 1–5 and 7–8) and at
260:designed by architect and designer
4464:American Institute of Graphic Arts
2561:from the original on 19 April 2021
2353:. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
1972:T211 Design and Designing: Block 2
1699:Dorst, Kees; Cross, Nigel (2001).
1417:Margolin, Victor (April 1, 2009).
826:face masks for COVID-19 mitigation
551:The design process is plan-driven.
25:
4474:Design and Industries Association
2844:. Nordes 2007: Design Inquiries.
2200:"Introducing the Media Lab Award"
2010:, Delft University Press, Delft.
1746:Newell, A., and Simon, H. (1972)
593: – analysis of design goals.
558:The rational model is based on a
52:This article has multiple issues.
5140:
5123:
5106:
5089:
5061:
5049:
744:and broadly consistent with the
389:the interdisciplinary scientist
144:
82:
41:
2823:Participatory Design Conference
2317:from the original on 2022-08-27
2198:Lab, MIT Media (16 July 2015).
2146:from the original on 2022-08-19
2062:from the original on 2012-08-12
1949:10.1088/1757-899X/1037/1/012002
1904:from the original on 2022-08-27
1787:Pahl, G., and Beitz, W. (1996)
1729:from the original on 2019-10-29
1562:from the original on 2022-08-27
760:, designers alternate between "
694:Criticism of the rational model
686:Each stage has many associated
60:or discuss these issues on the
4469:Chartered Society of Designers
2836:Holmlid, Stefan (2007-05-27).
2527:Research in Engineering Design
1876:, (3rd ed.), Springer-Verlag,
1761:The sciences of the artificial
1336:. Berg. pp. 3 & 140.
1316:The Sciences of the Artificial
726:to generate design candidates.
568:systems development life cycle
471:on project work and studio or
387:The Sciences of the Artificial
1:
4540:Prince Philip Designers Prize
3183:Architectural lighting design
2474:10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894
2247:Malpass, Matt (Spring 2015).
2115:10.1016/S0959-8022(99)00009-0
1985:The Mechanical Design Process
1720:10.1016/S0142-694X(01)00009-6
758:reflection-in-action paradigm
540:a design candidate for known
458:Rhode Island School of Design
220:ABW30 wall clock designed by
4346:Electronic design automation
4329:Virtual home design software
3301:Automotive suspension design
2961:The History of Modern Design
2521:Cross, Nigel (1 June 1993).
1987:, Mc Graw Hill, 4th edition
1687:10.1007/978-3-642-13335-0_10
1598:10.1016/0142-694X(94)00012-3
1548:10.1016/0950-7051(90)90103-o
1517:10.1016/0142-694X(82)90040-0
607:product design specification
3205:Environmental impact design
2494:Journal of Service Research
2383:Lewis, Tania (April 2008).
2008:Research in design thinking
1800:, Springer-Verlag, London.
1267:Dictionary meanings in the
629: – presenting designs.
450:Government School of Design
108:the claims made and adding
5209:
4484:International Forum Design
3854:Engineering design process
1313:Simon, Herbert A. (1969).
965:Cartographic or map design
867:Relationship with the arts
634:Design during production.
408:
29:
5024:
4909:
4819:
4567:
4556:
4285:
4259:
3715:
3704:
3606:Integrated circuit design
3528:Stage/set lighting design
3417:Hardware interface design
3333:Hardware interface design
3042:
3031:
3013:
2934:Resources in your library
2441:10.1080/15710880701875068
2401:10.1080/10304310701864394
1897:Under the power of reason
1532:"Logic of design actions"
1436:10.1162/desi.2009.25.2.94
1376:Journal of Design History
4441:Industrial design rights
4429:Fashion design copyright
4341:Design quality indicator
3790:Creative problem-solving
3581:Electrical system design
3437:Sonic interaction design
3348:Photographic lens design
3222:Healthy community design
2855:10.21606/nordes.2007.031
2507:10.1177/1094670517714060
1983:Ullman, David G. (2009)
1474:Naylor, Gillian (1985).
1020:Information architecture
897:Pier Giacomo Castiglioni
850:Transgenerational design
5193:Engineering disciplines
4637:New product development
4602:Enterprise architecture
4530:IF Product Design Award
4489:Design Research Society
4041:Reliability engineering
2945:World History of Design
2490:"The Value of Codesign"
2289:Kanaani, Mitra (2023).
2047:10.1145/1005937.1005943
1940:2021MS&E.1037a2002S
1536:Knowledge-Based Systems
1530:Coyne, Richard (1990).
1370:Huppatz, D. J. (2015).
32:Design (disambiguation)
5029:List of artistic media
4093:Top-down and bottom-up
3442:User experience design
3343:Packaging and labeling
3316:Electric guitar design
3254:Landscape architecture
2176:Anderson, Jane (2011)
1828:Proceedings of Wescon.
1476:The Bauhaus Reassessed
1360:. Thames & Hudson.
1229:Global Design Database
1155:User experience design
1050:Landscape architecture
899:
729:The design process is
675:constructive criticism
581:Pre-production design
560:rationalist philosophy
456:in Sweden (1844). The
284:
273:
265:
250:
236:
5078:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
4622:Innovation management
4505:European Design Award
4271:Intellectual property
4088:Theory of constraints
4051:Responsibility-driven
3891:For manufacturability
3795:Creativity techniques
3633:Nuclear weapon design
3447:User interface design
3311:Corrugated box design
3232:Interior architecture
1750:, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1748:Human problem solving
1622:. Pearson Education.
1616:Brooks, F. P (2010).
1499:Cross, Nigel (1982).
1356:Heskett, John (1963)
1330:Cross, Nigel (2011).
1234:List of design awards
1224:Evidence-based design
1219:Design-based learning
1160:User interface design
1065:Motion graphic design
874:
843:Sociotechnical system
742:empiricist philosophy
536:Designers attempt to
488:Design and Technology
421:Industrial Revolution
279:
271:
256:
242:
216:
4667:Unintelligent design
4647:Philosophy of design
4361:Design specification
4314:Comprehensive layout
3886:For behaviour change
3859:Probabilistic design
3621:Power network design
3158:Visual merchandising
3115:Instructional design
3093:Postage stamp design
2268:10.1162/DESI_a_00322
2178:Architectural Design
1653:, Basic Books, USA.
1130:Systems architecture
1035:Instructional design
975:Communication design
970:Configuration design
856:User-centered design
832:and flow resistance.
818:Participatory design
796:Approaches to design
790:Philosophy of design
710:Action-centric model
652:testing of a design.
30:For other uses, see
4587:Creative industries
4510:German Design Award
4419:Design infringement
4304:Architectural model
3643:Organization design
3638:Nucleic acid design
3586:Experimental design
3139:Traffic sign design
2745:2020PhFl...32k1301K
2638:2020PhFl...32i1701V
1970:Cross, N., (2006).
1817:Royce, W.W. (1970)
1759:Simon, H.A. (1996)
1649:Schön, D.A. (1983)
1419:"Design in History"
1279:(especially verbs).
1070:Organization design
776:The concept of the
4652:Process simulation
4627:Intelligent design
3951:Intelligence-based
3946:Integrated topside
3876:Framework-oriented
3561:Behavioural design
3432:Information design
3110:Information design
2943:Margolin, Victor.
2539:10.1007/BF02032575
2087:2021-03-27 at the
1872:2013-12-17 at the
1844:2012-01-24 at the
1824:2020-10-02 at the
1796:2013-12-17 at the
1766:2013-12-17 at the
1388:10.1093/jdh/epv002
1194:Design prototyping
1040:Interaction design
1025:Information design
990:Engineering design
938:Types of designing
900:
572:engineering design
570:, and much of the
562:and underlies the
475:teaching methods.
336:artefacts such as
285:
274:
266:
251:
237:
163:You can assist by
93:possibly contains
5037:
5036:
5011:Site-specific art
4869:
4868:
4815:
4814:
4582:Conceptual design
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4535:James Dyson Award
4391:Website wireframe
4381:Technical drawing
4255:
4254:
4103:Transgenerational
3844:Ecological design
3720:Activity-centered
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3678:Spacecraft design
3472:Public art design
3410:Video game design
3388:Experience design
3358:Production design
3338:Motorcycle design
3296:Automotive design
3200:Ecological design
3078:Film title design
2920:Library resources
2753:10.1063/5.0029767
2723:Physics of Fluids
2647:10.1063/5.0022968
2616:Physics of Fluids
2360:978-1-59726-140-1
2302:978-1-003-18318-1
2226:978-0-262-01984-2
2186:978-2-940411-26-9
1478:. Herbert Press.
1358:Industrial Design
1343:978-1-84788-846-4
1239:Outline of design
1085:Production design
1030:Industrial design
995:Experience design
985:Design management
960:Biological design
955:Automotive design
908:industrial design
811:Ecological design
419:, start with the
405:History of design
368:interior designer
211:
210:
203:
193:
192:
185:
138:
137:
130:
95:original research
75:
16:(Redirected from
5200:
5188:Human activities
5153:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5053:
5045:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4873:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4558:
4435:Geschmacksmuster
4409:Community design
4287:
4261:
4021:Process-centered
3817:Design–bid–build
3785:Cradle-to-cradle
3765:Concept-oriented
3706:
3683:Strategic design
3653:Processor design
3628:Mechanism design
3596:Geometric design
3556:Algorithm design
3496:Jewellery design
3427:Immersive design
3321:Furniture design
3266:Landscape design
3044:
3033:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2857:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2738:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2667:
2649:
2631:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2295:. New York, NY.
2286:
2280:
2279:
2253:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2134:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2098:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2049:
2025:
2019:
2004:
1995:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1891:
1885:
1863:
1857:
1835:
1829:
1815:
1809:
1785:
1779:
1757:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1705:
1696:
1690:
1678:
1661:
1647:
1634:
1633:
1613:
1602:
1601:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1438:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1286:
1280:
1265:
1244:Universal design
1140:Systems modeling
1125:Strategic design
887:
830:biodegradability
519:done and how it
468:Design education
440:Design education
434:Sigfried Giedion
430:Nikolaus Pevsner
391:Herbert A. Simon
360:product designer
356:fashion designer
338:business process
326:circuit diagrams
234:
206:
199:
188:
181:
177:
174:
168:
148:
147:
140:
133:
126:
122:
119:
113:
110:inline citations
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5152:from Wikivoyage
5146:
5141:
5139:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5105:
5101:from Wiktionary
5095:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5081:sister projects
5080:
5072:
5060:
5048:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5020:
4951:Decorative arts
4905:
4900:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4811:
4612:Futures studies
4563:
4544:
4493:
4452:
4401:
4395:
4281:
4280:
4251:
4157:Value sensitive
4147:User innovation
4026:Public interest
3991:Object-oriented
3711:
3692:
3673:Software design
3663:Research design
3616:Physical design
3571:Database design
3545:
3543:
3537:
3513:Property design
3508:Game art design
3462:
3456:
3379:
3372:
3287:
3280:
3237:Interior design
3188:Building design
3169:
3162:
3049:
3038:
3027:
3009:
3004:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2914:Further reading
2911:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2866:
2838:"Creative Arts"
2835:
2834:
2830:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2303:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2089:Wayback Machine
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2005:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1894:Mielnik, Anna.
1893:
1892:
1888:
1874:Wayback Machine
1864:
1860:
1846:Wayback Machine
1836:
1832:
1826:Wayback Machine
1816:
1812:
1798:Wayback Machine
1786:
1782:
1768:Wayback Machine
1758:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1679:
1664:
1648:
1637:
1630:
1615:
1614:
1605:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1214:Design thinking
1199:Design research
1179:
1174:
1110:Software design
1090:Property design
1055:Lighting design
1045:Interior design
940:
920:decorative arts
881:
869:
805:Critical design
798:
787:
712:
696:
644:Product testing
617:conceptualizing
613:Problem solving
564:waterfall model
530:
513:constructionism
500:
484:design thinking
442:
413:
407:
372:design thinking
346:
330:sewing patterns
228:
207:
196:
195:
194:
189:
178:
172:
169:
162:
149:
145:
134:
123:
117:
114:
99:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5206:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:Design studies
5170:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5137:
5135:from Wikiquote
5120:
5103:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5058:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4680:
4679:
4677:Wicked problem
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:Related topics
4561:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Design Council
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4446:European Union
4438:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4127:
4125:Usage-centered
4122:
4121:
4120:
4118:Design for All
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:Transformation
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Research-based
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Platform-based
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3961:KISS principle
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Fault-tolerant
3868:
3866:Error-tolerant
3863:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3849:Energy neutral
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3805:Design fiction
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3688:Systems design
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Protein design
3655:
3650:
3648:Process design
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Circuit design
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3533:Textile design
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3491:Costume design
3486:Fashion design
3483:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3368:Service design
3365:
3363:Sensory design
3360:
3355:
3353:Product design
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3271:Spatial design
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3249:Keyline design
3246:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3215:Computer-aided
3207:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3083:Graphic design
3080:
3075:
3073:Exhibit design
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2970:978-0131830400
2956:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2887:
2864:
2828:
2809:
2784:
2729:(11): 111301.
2709:
2679:
2602:
2572:
2513:
2480:
2467:(4): 205–220.
2447:
2414:
2395:(2): 227–240.
2375:
2366:
2359:
2341:
2301:
2281:
2239:
2225:
2205:
2190:
2169:
2156:
2120:
2093:
2072:
2020:
1996:
1976:
1963:
1914:
1886:
1858:
1830:
1810:
1780:
1752:
1739:
1714:(5): 425–437.
1708:Design Studies
1691:
1662:
1659:978-0465068784
1635:
1628:
1603:
1592:(2): 261–274.
1586:Design Studies
1572:
1542:(4): 242–257.
1522:
1511:(4): 221–227.
1505:Design Studies
1491:
1484:
1466:
1409:
1382:(2): 182–202.
1362:
1349:
1342:
1322:
1305:
1281:
1273:Dictionary.com
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Design science
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:Design museums
1186:
1184:Design methods
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Systems design
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Spatial design
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Service design
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Product design
1077:
1075:Process design
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Modular design
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:Graphic design
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Fashion design
997:
992:
987:
982:
980:Costume design
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
939:
936:
932:commercial art
916:fashion design
912:graphic design
868:
865:
864:
863:
853:
847:
840:
836:Service design
833:
821:
815:
808:
797:
794:
786:
783:
774:
773:
765:
746:agile approach
738:
737:
734:
727:
718:Designers use
711:
708:
707:
706:
703:
695:
692:
688:best practices
684:
683:
680:
679:
678:
664:
661:Implementation
655:
654:
653:
641:
632:
631:
630:
624:
610:
600:
594:
588:
556:
555:
552:
549:
529:
528:Rational model
526:
499:
498:Design process
496:
480:design studies
441:
438:
411:Design history
409:Main article:
406:
403:
376:design methods
345:
342:
209:
208:
191:
190:
152:
150:
143:
136:
135:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5205:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5151:
5150:
5149:Travel guides
5138:
5134:
5133:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4944:pallet crafts
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4862:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4848:
4843:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:specification
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:architectural
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4672:Visualization
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:Cultural icon
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4559:
4555:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:Organizations
4455:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4424:Design patent
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Design around
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4276:
4274:Organizations
4273:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4135:User-centered
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Tableless web
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Participatory
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:For Six Sigma
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Domain-driven
3837:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3827:architect-led
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:Configuration
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Brainstorming
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3707:
3703:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:Social design
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Filter design
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Boiler design
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Scenic design
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3503:Floral design
3501:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3210:Garden design
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3193:Passive solar
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3168:Environmental
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Retail design
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3048:Communication
3045:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2953:9781472569288
2950:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2865:9781912294466
2861:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2622:(9): 091701.
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:Design Issues
2250:
2243:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2219:. MIT Press.
2218:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:90-6275-796-0
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:0-07-297574-1
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1934:(1): 012002.
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:1-84628-318-3
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1854:0-7695-2330-7
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:3-540-19917-9
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:0-262-69191-4
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:9780321702067
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1429:(2): 94–105.
1428:
1424:
1423:Design Issues
1420:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Design theory
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Vexillography
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Social design
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Scenic design
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:Floral design
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
894:
890:
885:
880:
877:
873:
866:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:
831:
827:
822:
819:
816:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
801:
795:
793:
791:
784:
782:
779:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
754:
753:
750:
747:
743:
735:
732:
728:
725:
721:
717:
716:
715:
709:
704:
701:
700:
699:
693:
691:
689:
681:
676:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
656:
651:
650:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
633:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
609:) or service.
608:
604:
603:Specification
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
580:
579:
578:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
550:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:
533:
527:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:architectural
315:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
282:
278:
270:
263:
259:
255:
248:
245:
241:
235:(early 1980s)
232:
227:
226:Dietrich Lubs
223:
219:
215:
205:
202:
187:
184:
176:
166:
160:
158:
153:This article
151:
142:
141:
132:
129:
121:
111:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5147:
5130:
5118:from Commons
5113:
5096:
5075:
4955:
4934:Computer art
4914:Architecture
4662:STEAM fields
4632:Lean startup
4617:Indie design
4433:
4400:Intellectual
4152:Value-driven
4130:Use-centered
4036:Regenerative
4016:Policy-based
3976:Mind mapping
3881:For assembly
3822:Design–build
3740:By committee
3725:Adaptive web
3523:Sound design
3481:glass design
3479: /
3464:applied arts
3405:Level design
3276:Urban design
3227:Hotel design
3178:Architecture
3153:Video design
3146: /
3137: /
3105:Illustration
3098:Print design
3068:Brand design
3006:
2960:
2924:
2903:
2890:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2822:
2812:
2801:. Retrieved
2787:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2691:
2682:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2533:(2): 63–69.
2530:
2526:
2516:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2369:
2350:
2344:
2319:. Retrieved
2291:
2284:
2262:(2): 59–71.
2259:
2255:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2215:
2208:
2193:
2177:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2148:. Retrieved
2136:
2123:
2109:(1): 53–79.
2106:
2102:
2096:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2040:(2): 29–32.
2037:
2033:
2023:
2007:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1906:. Retrieved
1896:
1889:
1861:
1833:
1813:
1789:
1783:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1731:. Retrieved
1711:
1707:
1694:
1650:
1618:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1564:. Retrieved
1539:
1535:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1475:
1469:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1332:
1325:
1315:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1284:
1263:
1150:Urban design
1115:Sound design
950:Architecture
945:Applied arts
924:graphic arts
906:can include
904:Applied arts
901:
891:designed by
814:disciplines.
799:
788:
785:Philosophies
778:design cycle
775:
751:
739:
713:
697:
685:
647:
627:Presentation
585:Design brief
576:
557:
531:
520:
516:
501:
477:
466:
452:(1837), and
443:
417:John Heskett
414:
386:
384:
364:web designer
349:
347:
304:
300:
288:
286:
281:Barényi Béla
246:
197:
179:
170:
157:copy editing
155:may require
154:
124:
115:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
5098:Definitions
5068:Visual arts
5056:Engineering
4991:Printmaking
4986:Photography
4966:Digital art
4903:Visual arts
4700:competition
4657:Slow design
4607:Form factor
4577:Concept art
4386:HTML editor
4066:Sustainable
3901:For testing
3745:By contract
3601:Work design
3576:Drug design
3548:engineering
3422:Icon design
3400:Game design
3378:Interaction
3326:Sustainable
3259:Sustainable
3148:Type design
3125:Photography
3120:News design
3063:Book design
3058:Advertising
3037:Disciplines
2964:. Pearson.
2434:(1): 5–18.
2232:12 December
1145:Type design
1010:Game design
882: [
769:Sensemaking
638:Development
621:documenting
542:constraints
521:actually is
426:art history
401:function".
395:Nigel Cross
332:, and less
322:engineering
299:. The word
229: [
222:Dieter Rams
118:August 2022
18:Design firm
5178:Aesthetics
5162:Categories
5132:Quotations
5016:Street art
4996:Public art
4971:Filmmaking
4860:Wiktionary
4853:Wikisource
4807:technology
4777:principles
4376:Storyboard
4202:management
4197:leadership
4162:Privacy by
4001:Parametric
3971:Metadesign
3941:Integrated
3931:High-level
3916:Generative
3911:Functional
3780:Continuous
3775:Contextual
3750:C-K theory
3710:Approaches
3452:Web design
3306:CMF design
3286:Industrial
3144:Typography
2803:2018-02-27
2736:2010.06385
2702:9 December
2629:2008.00125
2500:: 75–100.
2321:2022-08-19
2311:1332789897
2150:2022-08-19
2066:2012-03-25
1908:2022-08-27
1733:2019-11-02
1566:2020-10-01
1485:0906969301
1299:2024-03-16
1256:References
1170:Web design
918:, and the
860:ergonomics
731:improvised
720:creativity
671:conclusion
667:Evaluation
546:objectives
509:positivism
494:of study.
492:discipline
324:drawings,
262:Zaha Hadid
247:Swiss Army
244:Victorinox
173:March 2024
165:editing it
102:improve it
57:improve it
5183:Structure
5006:Sculpture
4976:Light art
4846:Wikiquote
4832:Wikibooks
4782:rationale
4747:knowledge
4722:education
4642:OODA loop
4366:Prototype
4351:Flowchart
4309:Blueprint
4177:computing
4113:Universal
4061:Safe-life
3966:Low-level
3956:Iterative
3936:Inclusive
3921:Geodesign
3812:Defensive
3760:Co-design
3730:Affective
2882:109110352
2874:1604-9705
2761:1070-6631
2656:1070-6631
2595:8 October
2555:110223861
2547:1435-6066
2409:144299069
2330:cite book
1958:234019940
1556:0950-7051
1453:0747-9360
1445:1531-4790
1396:0952-4649
1277:AskOxford
889:radiogram
876:Brionvega
517:should be
505:paradigms
454:Konstfack
399:cognitive
351:designers
344:Designing
314:aesthetic
305:to design
106:verifying
63:talk page
5001:Rock art
4981:Painting
4929:Ceramics
4839:Wikinews
4772:paradigm
4752:language
4732:engineer
4727:elements
4717:director
4402:property
4247:thinking
4237:strategy
4222:research
4182:controls
4140:Empathic
4071:Systemic
4031:Rational
3986:New Wave
3800:Critical
3023:Designer
2779:33281434
2696:Archived
2692:phys.org
2674:32952381
2589:Archived
2585:phys.org
2565:16 April
2559:Archived
2461:CoDesign
2428:CoDesign
2315:Archived
2276:57571804
2167:, p. 686
2141:Archived
2085:Archived
2060:Archived
1902:Archived
1870:Archived
1842:Archived
1822:Archived
1794:Archived
1764:Archived
1724:Archived
1560:Archived
1461:57562456
1404:43831904
1177:See also
928:fine art
846:society.
646: –
623:designs.
615: –
597:Research
591:Analysis
538:optimize
380:modeling
366:, or an
340:models.
334:tangible
5042:Portals
4961:Drawing
4924:Cartoon
4825:Commons
4797:studies
4742:history
4710:student
4695:classic
4683:Design
4597:.design
4525:Graphex
4227:science
4217:pattern
4212:methods
4187:culture
4170:Design
3981:Modular
3834:Diffuse
3755:Closure
3477:Ceramic
3135:Signage
3018:Outline
2770:7713871
2741:Bibcode
2665:7497716
2634:Bibcode
2056:9323694
1936:Bibcode
1294:Fortune
893:Achille
772:versa".
762:framing
756:In the
724:emotion
649:in situ
473:atelier
462:Bauhaus
293:process
258:Cutlery
100:Please
5168:Design
5076:Design
4956:Design
4802:studio
4787:review
4767:museum
4690:change
4498:Awards
4371:Sketch
4356:Mockup
4336:CAutoD
4277:Awards
4242:theory
4232:sprint
4207:marker
4172:choice
3546:&
3544:design
3380:design
3288:design
3170:design
3088:Motion
3050:design
3007:Design
2968:
2951:
2925:Design
2922:about
2880:
2872:
2862:
2842:Nordes
2777:
2767:
2759:
2672:
2662:
2654:
2553:
2545:
2407:
2357:
2309:
2299:
2274:
2223:
2184:
2054:
2014:
1991:
1956:
1880:
1852:
1804:
1774:
1657:
1626:
1554:
1482:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1402:
1394:
1340:
879:RR 126
301:design
297:system
289:design
5115:Media
4939:Craft
4685:brief
4572:Agile
4291:Tools
4268:Tools
3906:For X
3542:Other
3461:Other
2904:Demos
2900:(PDF)
2878:S2CID
2848:(2).
2797:(PDF)
2731:arXiv
2624:arXiv
2551:S2CID
2405:S2CID
2272:S2CID
2252:(PDF)
2144:(PDF)
2133:(PDF)
2052:S2CID
1954:S2CID
1727:(PDF)
1704:(PDF)
1457:S2CID
1441:eISSN
1400:JSTOR
1271:, at
886:]
310:goals
295:, or
249:knife
233:]
218:Braun
4762:load
4757:life
4737:firm
4324:CAID
4192:flow
4108:TRIZ
3996:Open
2966:ISBN
2949:ISBN
2870:ISSN
2860:ISBN
2775:PMID
2757:ISSN
2704:2020
2670:PMID
2652:ISSN
2597:2020
2567:2021
2543:ISSN
2355:ISBN
2336:link
2307:OCLC
2297:ISBN
2234:2021
2221:ISBN
2182:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1932:1037
1878:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1552:ISSN
1480:ISBN
1449:ISSN
1392:ISSN
1338:ISBN
930:and
895:and
722:and
669:and
619:and
544:and
511:and
482:and
374:and
362:, a
358:, a
320:and
224:and
4919:Art
4319:CAD
4299:AAD
4076:SOD
4056:RWD
3926:HCD
3393:EED
3242:EID
2850:doi
2765:PMC
2749:doi
2660:PMC
2642:doi
2535:doi
2502:doi
2469:doi
2436:doi
2397:doi
2264:doi
2111:doi
2042:doi
1944:doi
1716:doi
1683:doi
1594:doi
1544:doi
1513:doi
1431:doi
1384:doi
104:by
5164::
2902:.
2876:.
2868:.
2858:.
2840:.
2821:.
2773:.
2763:.
2755:.
2747:.
2739:.
2727:32
2725:.
2721:.
2694:.
2690:.
2668:.
2658:.
2650:.
2640:.
2632:.
2620:32
2618:.
2614:.
2587:.
2583:.
2557:.
2549:.
2541:.
2529:.
2525:.
2498:21
2496:.
2492:.
2465:12
2463:.
2459:.
2430:.
2426:.
2403:.
2393:22
2391:.
2387:.
2332:}}
2328:{{
2313:.
2305:.
2270:.
2260:31
2258:.
2254:.
2139:.
2135:.
2107:10
2105:.
2058:.
2050:.
2036:.
2032:.
1999:^
1952:.
1942:.
1930:.
1926:.
1722:.
1712:22
1710:.
1706:.
1665:^
1638:^
1606:^
1590:16
1588:.
1584:.
1558:.
1550:.
1538:.
1534:.
1507:.
1503:.
1455:.
1447:.
1439:.
1427:25
1425:.
1421:.
1398:.
1390:.
1380:28
1378:.
1374:.
1292:.
914:,
910:,
884:it
690:.
566:,
436:.
328:,
287:A
231:de
66:.
5084::
5044::
4895:e
4888:t
4881:v
2999:e
2992:t
2985:v
2972:.
2955:.
2906:.
2852::
2846:1
2825:.
2806:.
2781:.
2751::
2743::
2733::
2706:.
2676:.
2644::
2636::
2626::
2599:.
2569:.
2537::
2531:5
2510:.
2504::
2477:.
2471::
2444:.
2438::
2432:4
2411:.
2399::
2363:.
2338:)
2324:.
2278:.
2266::
2236:.
2202:.
2188:.
2153:.
2117:.
2113::
2091:.
2069:.
2044::
2038:7
2018:.
1960:.
1946::
1938::
1911:.
1884:.
1856:.
1808:.
1778:.
1736:.
1718::
1689:.
1685::
1632:.
1600:.
1596::
1569:.
1546::
1540:3
1519:.
1515::
1509:3
1488:.
1463:.
1433::
1406:.
1386::
1346:.
1302:.
862:.
733:.
548:.
204:)
198:(
186:)
180:(
175:)
171:(
167:.
161:.
131:)
125:(
120:)
116:(
98:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
