850:(BLS) Occupational Outlook originally predicted a growth for programmers of 12 percent from 2010 to 2020 and thereafter a decline of -7 percent from 2016 to 2026, a further decline of -9 percent from 2019 to 2029, a decline of -10 percent from 2021 to 2031. and then a decline of -11 percent from 2022 to 2032. Since computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, companies sometimes hire programmers in countries where wages are lower. However, for software developers BLS projects for 2019 to 2029 a 22% increase in employment, from 1,469,200 to 1,785,200 jobs with a median base salary of $ 110,000 per year. This prediction is lower than the earlier 2010 to 2020 predicted increase of 30% for software developers. Though the distinction is somewhat ambiguous, software developers engage in a wider array of aspects of application development and are generally higher skilled than programmers, making outsourcing less of a risk. Another reason for the decline for programmers is their skills are being merged with other professions, such as developers, as employers increase the requirements for a position over time. Then there is the additional concern that recent advances in
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846:(2008), many U.S. programmers were left without work or with lower wages. In addition, enrollment in computer-related degrees and other STEM degrees (STEM attrition) in the US has been dropping for years, especially for women, which, according to Beaubouef and Mason, could be attributed to a lack of general interest in science and mathematics and also out of an apparent fear that programming will be subject to the same pressures as manufacturing and agriculture careers. For programmers, the
683:, that computers must follow to perform their functions. Programmers also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming — advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools — have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization.
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722:. Simple programs can be written in a few hours. More complex ones may require more than a year of work, while others are never considered 'complete' but rather are continuously improved as long as they stay in use. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer's supervision.
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expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, governments, and businesses created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-house by full-time staff programmers; some were distributed between users of a
667:(PC) in the mid-1970s, which brought computing to the average office worker. In the following years, the PC also helped create a constantly growing market for games, applications and utility software. This resulted in increased demand for software developers for that period of time.
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Programmers' work varies widely depending on the type of business for which they are writing programs. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on an aircraft for
830:, 17% of computer science students could not find work in their field six months after graduation in 2009 which was the highest rate of the university subjects surveyed while 0% of medical students were unemployed in the same survey.
484:(design, implementation, testing, and deployment), leading a team of programmers, communicating with customers, managers and other engineers, considering system stability and quality, and exploring software development methodologies.
734:, are text editors that are specifically designed for programmers or developers to write the source code of an application or a program. Most of these editors include features useful for programmers, which may include color
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Computer programmers often take courses and seek certifications to enter the field and stay current in their skills in this ever-evolving profession.
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in 1955. Before that time, computers were programmed either by customers or the few commercial computer manufacturers of the time, such as
1700:"Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers : Occupational Outlook Handbook : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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Beaubouef, Theresa; Mason, John (June 2005). "Why the high attrition rate for computer science students: some thoughts and observations".
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was the first person to execute a program on a working, program-controlled, electronic computer. From 1943 to 1945, per
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Fuegi, J.; Francis, J. (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'".
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1813:"Software engineer jobs in danger due to ChatGPT-like tools? Here's what Google CEO Sundar Pichai has to say"
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1599:"hp's Developer Portal | HP International Women's Week: Women in Computer Science dropping since 1980s"
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including architecting and designing new features and applications, targeting new platforms, managing the
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particular machine for no charge, while others were sold on a commercial basis. Other firms, such as
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across the computer industry and to different individuals. The following are notable descriptions.
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1664:"Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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1940:"ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace"
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usually is responsible for the same tasks as a developer plus broader responsibilities of
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Explore this profession and discover how you can thrive in a computer programming career.
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Explore this profession and discover how you can thrive in a computer programming career.
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The first company founded specifically to provide software products and services was the
491:, or computer science. Some countries legally require an engineering degree to be called
1077:"Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level 'non von Neumann' Programming Language"
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1433:"BBC Bitesize - GCSE Computer Science - Programming software and the IDE - Revision 4"
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Sometimes, a software engineer is required to have a degree in software engineering,
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39:"Coder" redirects here. For someone who performs coding in the social sciences, see
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Rojas, Raúl; Göktekin, Cüneyt; Friedland, Gerald; Krüger, Mike (February 2000).
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1112:"Plankalkül: The First High-Level Programming Language and its Implementation"
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This article is about people who write computer software. For other uses, see
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Elmer C. Kubie (Summer 1994). "Recollections of the first software company".
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have since been credited as the first professional computer programmers.
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is often considered to be the first computer programmer. She authored an
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might impact the demand for future generations of
Software professions.
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1753:"Computer Programmer vs. Software Developer: Decoding the Differences"
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1569:"STEM Attrition: College Students' Paths Into and Out of STEM Fields"
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is identified by the language used or target platform. For example,
129:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
453:. To achieve the required skills for the job, they might obtain a
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986:"6 Key Differences Between a Software Engineer and a Programmer"
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2022:
Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the
Remaking of the World
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Varies from apprenticeship to bachelor's degree, or self-taught
1783:"Comparing Two Key Careers: Software Developer vs. Programmer"
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are commonly held by programmers. Programming is considered a
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1966:"These are the tech jobs most threatened by ChatGPT and A.I."
1862:"Software engineers are panicking about being replaced by AI"
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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The job titles that include programming tasks have differing
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is not typically required to work as a programmer, although
1682:"Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook"
1303:"Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook"
1730:"Software Developers : Occupational Outlook Handbook"
955:"Software Engineer Vs. Programmer: What's the Difference?"
924:"Programmer vs. Software Engineer: What's the Difference?"
510:
is considered by many to be the first computer programmer.
2001:
An experiential study of the nature of programming work:
1366:"11 Types of Programming Jobs (With Duties and Salaries)"
47:. For the unincorporated community in Pennsylvania, see
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Programmers work in many settings, including corporate
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663:The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the
656:came with the 1620 Symbolic Programming System and
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679:, and maintain the detailed instructions, called
1914:"ChatGPT spells the end of coding as we know it"
1502:Regional Report, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
1173:"First Computer Programmers Inspire Documentary"
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43:. For someone who performs medical coding, see
750:. These features aid the users during coding,
1888:"Council Post: How Will ChatGPT Affect Jobs?"
775:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
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1236:"IBM Archives: 1620 Data Processing System"
930:. University of Arizona. 11 December 2020.
88:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1171:Donaldson James, Susan (4 December 2007).
793:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
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809:Learn how and when to remove this message
382:Generally, a programmer writes code in a
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
145:Learn how and when to remove this message
1839:"ChatGPT could make these jobs obsolete"
1998:, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971
1493:Mann, Amar; Nunes, Tony (August 2009).
1266:"Occupations in Information Technology"
1148:. First Byte Productions. 16 May 2014.
1081:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
1020:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
992:. The Simple Programmer. Archived from
915:
437:primarily implements software based on
1996:The Psychology of Computer Programming
1533:Charette, Robert N. (30 August 2013).
1443:from the original on 23 September 2017
1056:from the original on 26 September 2022
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1609:from the original on 26 February 2021
1398:Sartore, Melissa (22 December 2022).
1333:"How to Become a Computer Programmer"
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1179:from the original on 16 February 2013
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1343:from the original on 7 October 2022
1339:. Coursera Inc. 30 September 2022.
1309:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1099:from the original on 23 March 2023.
730:Programming editors, also known as
314:Writing and debugging computer code
29:Person who writes computer software
1579:from the original on 18 March 2021
1549:from the original on 7 August 2021
1511:from the original on 18 March 2021
1464:"'One in 10' UK graduates jobless"
1462:Shankleman, Martin (1 July 2010).
1276:from the original on 22 March 2021
1201:Annals of the History of Computing
675:Computer programmers write, test,
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1763:from the original on 30 July 2021
1474:from the original on 8 March 2021
1152:from the original on 1 April 2018
1122:from the original on 12 June 2022
934:from the original on 29 July 2021
530:in October 1842, for calculating
69:This article has multiple issues.
1964:Cohen, Mikaela (15 April 2023).
1710:from the original on 14 May 2019
1400:"What Is a Computer Programmer?"
953:Heinz, Kate (23 February 2021).
864:
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563:et al., Zuse created the first,
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2003:Lucas, Rob (March–April 2010).
1734:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
1686:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
1313:from the original on 3 May 2019
1270:The United States Census Bureau
848:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
565:high-level programming language
186:check for citation inaccuracies
77:or discuss these issues on the
1736:. 18 July 2012. Archived from
984:Jacob, Freya (16 March 2020).
482:software development lifecycle
1:
2011:(62): 125–132. Archived from
885:List of programming languages
638:Computer Sciences Corporation
1938:Zinkula, Jacob; Mok, Aaron.
890:Software development process
386:and with an intent to build
1536:"The STEM Crisis is a Myth"
1372:. Indeed. 17 October 2022.
1075:Giloi, Wolfgang K. (1997).
872:Computer programming portal
789:, discuss the issue on the
704:professional certifications
445:. Other duties may include
379:that require a programmer.
125:the claims made and adding
34:Programmer (disambiguation)
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961:. Built In. Archived from
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402:Sometimes a programmer or
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1146:ENIAC Programmers Project
1032:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887
652:with their machines; the
241:
2020:Thompson, Clive (2019).
834:Market changes in the US
822:Market changes in the UK
650:programming environments
353:– someone with skill in
41:Coding (social sciences)
1751:Brooks, Ashley (2019).
1642:10.1145/1083431.1083474
852:artificial intelligence
838:After the crash of the
2085:Information technology
2047:US Department of Labor
1052:. IEEE. 2 April 2018.
690:(IT) departments, big
688:information technology
618:Computer Usage Company
555:Wolfgang K. Giloi and
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447:reviewing code changes
296:Information technology
1670:on 15 September 2012.
905:Video game programmer
606:The software industry
506:
463:programming boot camp
2075:Computer occupations
2053:Computer programmers
1787:online.maryville.edu
1757:Rasmussen University
1740:on 1 September 2013.
1575:. 26 November 2013.
990:simpleprogrammer.com
895:Software engineering
842:(1999–2001) and the
787:improve this section
742:, bracket matching,
738:, auto indentation,
578:programming team of
574:Members of the 1945
489:computer engineering
478:software engineering
355:computer programming
255:, part of the first
18:Developer (software)
2058:Software developers
1992:Weinberg, Gerald M.
1630:ACM SIGCSE Bulletin
1404:computerscience.org
1242:. 23 January 2003.
880:List of programmers
736:syntax highlighting
732:source code editors
409:assembly programmer
390:that achieves some
362:professional titles
336:computer programmer
273:Computer Programmer
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237:Computer programmer
49:Coder, Pennsylvania
2005:"Dreaming in Code"
692:software companies
671:Nature of the work
553:computer scientist
518:and mathematician
512:
435:software developer
366:software developer
320:Education required
110:possibly contains
2080:Software industry
2024:. Penguin Press.
2015:on 24 April 2012.
1841:. 25 January 2023
1603:developers.hp.com
1545:(opinion). IEEE.
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