637:. However, scholarly journals still play an important role in quality control and establishing scientific credit. In many instances, the electronic materials uploaded to preprint repositories are still intended for eventual publication in a peer-reviewed journal. There is statistical evidence that electronic publishing provides wider dissemination, because when a journal is available online, a larger number of researchers can access the journal. Even if a professor is working in a university that does not have a certain journal in its library, she may still be able to access the journal online. A number of journals have, while retaining their longstanding
236:
books that customers would not find in standard book retailers, due to insufficient demand for a traditional "print run". E-publication is enabling new authors to release books that would be unlikely to be profitable for traditional publishers. While the term "electronic publishing" is primarily used in the 2010s to refer to online and web-based publishers, the term has a history of being used to describe the development of new forms of production, distribution, and user interaction in regard to computer-based production of text and other
224:, as well as technical and reference publications relied on by mobile users and others without reliable and high-speed access to a network. Electronic publishing is also being used in the field of test-preparation in developed as well as in developing economies for student education (thus partly replacing conventional books) – for it enables content and analytics combined – for the benefit of students. The use of electronic publishing for textbooks may become more prevalent with
269:, designed to make literature more accessible to everyone, through the internet. It took a while to develop, and in 1989 there were only 10 texts that were manually recopied on computer by Michael S. Hart himself and some volunteers. But with the appearance of the Web 1.0 in 1991 and its ability to connect documents together through static pages, the project moved quickly forward. Many more volunteers helped in developing the project by giving access to public domain classics.
213:, a market that is growing by millions each year, generated by online vendors such as Apple's iTunes bookstore, Amazon's bookstore for Kindle, and books in the Google Play Bookstore. Market research suggested that half of all magazine and newspaper circulation would be via digital delivery by the end of 2015 and that half of all reading in the United States would be done without paper by 2015.
43:
1697:
451:, and even digital magazines platforms. The eBook then becomes more and more accessible through many different supports, like the e-reader and even smartphones. The digital book had, and still has, an important impact on publishing houses and their economical models; it is still a moving domain, and they yet have to master the new ways of publishing in a digital era.
372:, a project to digitize all the books available in the world (over 130 million books) to make them accessible online. 10 years later, 25 000 000 books, from a hundred countries and in 400 languages, are on the platform. This was possible because by that time, robotic scanners could digitize around 6 000 books per hour.
1666:
The term "non-subsidy publisher" is used to distinguish an electronic publisher that uses the traditional method of accepting submissions from authors without payment by the author. It is, therefore, to be distinguished from any form of self-publishing. It is traditional publishing, probably using a
490:
press to print the final product and 2) it avoids the distribution of a physical product (e.g., paper books, paper magazines, or paper newspapers). Because the content is electronic, it may be distributed over the
Internet and through electronic bookstores, and users can read the material on a range
459:
Based on new communications practices of the web 2.0 and the new architecture of participation, online edition opens the door to a collaboration of a community to elaborate and improve contents on
Internet, while also enriching reading through collective reading practices. The web 2.0 not only links
235:
Electronic publishing is increasingly popular in works of fiction. Electronic publishers are able to respond quickly to changing market demand, because the companies do not have to order printed books and have them delivered. E-publishing is also making a wider range of books available, including
653:
Emerging evidence suggests that e-publishing may be more collaborative than traditional paper-based publishing; e-publishing often involves more than one author, and the resulting works are more accessible, since they are published online. At the same time, the availability of published material
649:
In the early 2000s, many of the existing copyright laws were designed around printed books, magazines and newspapers. For example, copyright laws often set limits on how much of a book can be mechanically reproduced or copied. Electronic publishing raises new questions in relation to copyright,
412:
are the very core of electronic publishing, since they pretty much determined the biggest changes in the production and diffusion patterns. Internet has a direct effect on the publishing questions, letting creators and users go further in the traditional process (writer-editor-publishing house).
565:
or some other markup language) to develop online delivery methods, the traditional roles of typesetters and book designers, who created the printing set-ups for paper books, have changed. Designers of digitally published content must have a strong knowledge of mark-up languages, the variety of
526:("apps") has become popular in the 2010s, due to the rapid consumer adoption of smartphones and tablets. At first, native apps for each mobile platform were required to reach all audiences, but in an effort toward universal device compatibility, attention has turned to using
471:
is also based on the same principle. Blogs and comment systems are also now renown as online edition and publishing, since it is possible through new interactions between the author and its readers, and can be an important method for inspiration but also for visibility.
885:
379:
was launched; and by 2010, the project had been giving access to over 10 million digital objects. The
Europeana library is a European catalog that offers index cards on millions of digital objects and links to their digital libraries. In the same year,
356:
was launched, and the project aspired to constitute a digital and multilingual library that would be a complement to the
Knowledge project. It was originally named "Project Sourceberg", as a word play to remind the Project Gutenberg. Supported by the
400:
The first digitization projects were transferring physical content into digital content. Electronic publishing is aiming to integrate the whole process of editing and publishing (production, layout, publication) in the digital world.
620:
for consideration, there can be a delay ranging from several months to more than two years before it is published in a journal, rendering journals a less than ideal format for disseminating current research. In some fields, such as
318:
for numeric inputs. The digitization projects could then be more ambitious since the time needed for digitization decreased considerably, and digital libraries were on the rise. All over the world, e-libraries started to emerge.
590:. .epub is a free and open standard available in many publishing programs. Another common format is .folio, which is used by the Adobe Digital Publishing Suite to create content for Apple's iPad tablets and apps.
220:(also known as online publishing or web publishing when in the form of a website) is nowadays strongly associated with electronic publishing, there are many non-network electronic publications such as
467:
Many tools were put in place to foster sharing and creative collective contents. One of the many is the
Knowledge encyclopedia, since it is edited, corrected and enhanced by millions of contributors.
550:, thus helping users to find and locate the content (a common example of metadata is the information about a song's songwriter, composer, genre that is electronically encoded along with most CDs and
1171:
486:
The electronic publishing process follows some aspects of the traditional paper-based publishing process but differs from traditional publishing in two ways: 1) it does not include using an
519:
system. Some users download digital content to their devices, enabling them to read the content even when their device is not connected to the
Internet (e.g., on an airplane flight).
1102:
650:
because if an e-book or e-journal is available online, millions of
Internet users may be able to view a single electronic copy of the document, without any "copies" being made.
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2311:
273:
439:
The arrival and democratization of
Internet is slowly giving small publishing houses the opportunity to publish their books directly online. Some websites, like
2296:
2139:
1788:
327:
960:
570:
design software is becoming available for designers to publish content in this standard without needing to know detailed programming techniques, such as
554:; this metadata makes it easier for music lovers to find the songs they are looking for). With the use of tags, style sheets, and metadata, this enables
1011:
534:
that can run on any browser and function on many devices. The benefit of electronic publishing comes from using three attributes of digital technology:
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1182:
330:
in 1993. It was the first French digital library in the network; suspended since 2002, they reproduced over a hundred texts that are still available.
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but also philosophy and science, dating back to the 12th century to present times. In this way were built the foundations of a large dictionary, the
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60:
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document on a computer. In some cases, the reader may print the content onto paper using a consumer-grade ink-jet or laser printer or via a
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1411:
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641:
process to ensure that the research is done properly, established electronic versions or even moved entirely to electronic publication.
334:
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reading devices and computers available, and the ways in which consumers read, view or access the content. However, in the 2010s, new
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126:
107:
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349:. In 2014, the digital library was offering 80 255 online books and over a million documents, including prints and manuscripts.
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911:
1600:
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2076:
1259:
86:
64:
658:, unauthorized use, or re-use of the material. Some publishers are trying to address these concerns. For example, in 2011,
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characteristics. CDs and DVDs appear, permitting the visualization of these dictionaries and encyclopedias on computers.
2321:
2291:
1774:
587:
511:
tablets. The consumer may read the published content online on a website, in an application on a tablet device, or in a
460:
documents together, as did the web 1.0, it also links people together through social media: that's why it's called the
93:
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417:
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had wanted since 1988 to create a new and innovative digital library, and it was published in 1997 under the name of
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and catalogues. It also includes the editing of books, journals, and magazines to be posted on a screen (computer,
75:
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1383:. Pratiques de l'édition numérique (in French). Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. pp. 49–60.
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that adapts to various reading devices (tablet, smartphone, e-reader, etc.) or electronic delivery methods.
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1974:
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408:(edited by Michael E. Sinatra and Marcello Vitali-Rosati), says that the beginnings of Internet and the
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are in the process of being replaced by electronic publishing. It is also becoming common to distribute
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447:; Internet users can also find many educative platforms (free or not), encyclopedic websites like
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The traditional publishing, and especially the creation part, were first revolutionized by new
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1233:"Wikisource: International Full-Texts | Binghamton University Libraries News and Events"
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2020:
1969:
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appearing in the 1980s, and by the text databases created for the encyclopedias and
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1336:"14 Million Books & 6 Million Visitors: HathiTrust Growth and Usage in 2016
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1995:
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and Apple's negotiation with the three largest textbook suppliers in the U.S.
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was created to put together the contents of many university e-libraries from
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limited the number of times that one of its e-books could be lent in a
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Because electronic publishing often requires text mark-up (e.g.,
392:. In 2016, over six millions of users had been using HathiTrust.
286:. This foundation of e-texts, named Frantext, was published on a
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1952:
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proposes digitized texts that have been verified by volunteers.
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1673:
Subsidy
Publishing vs. Self-Publishing: What's the Difference?
946:
747:
535:
512:
36:
1038:"Electronic Publication - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
961:"Magazines and Newspapers Need to Build Better Apps | Ad Age"
27:
Publishing and disseminating documents via electronic means
1761:
1438:"EBooks: Evolving markets and new challenges – Think Tank"
2337:
276:
digitized a thousand books from diverse subjects, mostly
1619:
Chennupati K. Ramaiah, Schubert Foo and Heng Poh Choo,
1012:"Apple jumps into digital textbooks fray - Yahoo! News"
1375:
Sinatra, Michael E.; Vitalli-Rosati, Marcello (2014).
1286:"Google Books: A Complex and Controversial Experiment"
326:, was a public digital library project created by the
1348:
Vitali-Rosati, Marcello; E. Sinatra, Michael (2014).
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1983:
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1554:"The Slowdown of the Economics Publishing Process"
1635:"Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War"
1527:"The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Appendix A"
1172:"La BNF et le numérique patrimonial et culturel"
943:"Tablet sales may hit $ 75 billion by 2015"
1260:"Torching the Modern-Day Library of Alexandria"
310:developed a scanner which was equipped with an
1487:"5. L'édition numérique et le livre numérique"
1412:"5. L'édition numérique et le livre numérique"
1063:Les mutations du livre à l'heure de l'internet
546:(data about data) to describe the content for
274:French National Centre for Scientific Research
2353:
1782:
1208:"Wikisource:What is Wikisource? – Wikisource"
993:, October 2010. As reported by Richard Hart,
491:of electronic and digital devices, including
8:
1667:non-traditional medium, like electronic, or
2987:Comparison of Android ebook reader software
1065:, Net des études françaises, Montreal, 2007
186:Electronic publishing has become common in
2806:
2432:
2360:
2346:
2338:
1789:
1775:
1767:
1170:Tasrot-Gillery, Sylviane (February 2015).
995:E-books look to be hit over holiday season
987:The e-Book Reader and Tablet Market Report
1577:
1461:"Web 2.0 Revolution: Power to the People"
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
679:Electronic versions of traditional media
428:was developing quickly, combining book,
388:and Europe, as well as Google Books and
324:Association des Bibliophiles Universels)
306:In 1974, American inventor and futurist
2982:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software
876:
522:Distributing content electronically as
283:Trésor de la langue française au Québec
3007:International Digital Publishing Forum
1075:Dacos, Marin; Mounier, Pierre (2010).
154:) includes the digital publication of
2297:Academic databases and search engines
1633:Stross, Randall (December 24, 2011).
941:Pepitone, Julianne (April 19, 2011).
884:Smith, Stephanie A. (March 9, 2018).
7:
1467:. Applied Clinical Trials-08-01-2006
1284:Heyman, Stephen (October 28, 2015).
616:After an article is submitted to an
462:Participative (or participatory) Web
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1489:. February 22, 2019. Archived from
1377:"Histoire des humanités numériques"
1078:III. L'édition au défi du numérique
985:Dale Maunu and Norbert Hildebrand,
542:to define the look of content, and
2962:Academic journal publishing reform
2067:Academic journal publishing reform
1552:Ellison, Glenn (October 1, 2002).
1014:. January 23, 2012. Archived from
963:. January 11, 2020. Archived from
887:Careers in Media and Communication
25:
582:. The most common file format is
368:In December 2004, Google created
263:University of Illinois at Chicago
1695:
1621:eLearning and Digital Publishing
1381:Pratiques de l'édition numérique
1351:Pratiques de l'édition numérique
406:Pratiques de l'édition numérique
335:Bibliothèque nationale de France
41:
1762:W3C Digital Publishing Activity
1529:. June 15, 2017. Archived from
1133:(in French). Project Gutenberg.
52:needs additional citations for
1459:Bleicher, Paul (August 2006).
216:Although distribution via the
190:where it has been argued that
1:
2327:Category:Scientific documents
316:optical character recognition
2322:Category:Academic publishing
1743:Resources in other libraries
1558:Journal of Political Economy
1081:(in French). La Découverte.
666:. Other publishers, such as
654:online opens more doors for
418:desktop publishing softwares
2977:Comparison of ebook readers
1181:(in French). Archived from
222:encyclopedias on CD and DVD
3074:
2140:Indexes and search engines
1354:(in French). Sens Public.
609:
603:
597:
479:
375:In 2008, the prototype of
257:initiative was in 1971 by
29:
1738:Resources in your library
563:HyperText Markup Language
404:Alain Mille, in the book
162:, and the development of
3002:iBooks Author Conference
1678:January 2, 2010, at the
810:Open access (publishing)
576:Digital Publishing Suite
538:tags to define content,
30:Not to be confused with
2699:Atlantis Word Processor
2639:OverDrive Media Console
2450:Barnes & Noble Nook
2317:Style/formatting guides
2219:Scholarly communication
1919:Other publication types
1513:Chicago Manual of Style
1465:Applied Clinical Trials
1311:"Collections Europeana"
768:Digital publication app
424:. At the same time the
341:program. The president
302:Mass-scale digitization
76:"Electronic publishing"
2541:Adobe Digital Editions
2259:Least publishable unit
1931:Collection of articles
1609:NEC Research Institute
1237:libnews.binghamton.edu
1130:Les mutations du livre
1127:Lebert, Marie (2008).
850:Electronic typesetting
834:Non-subsidy publishing
763:Collaborative software
443:, let their users buy
314:software that enabled
211:tablet reading devices
3053:Electronic publishing
2997:Electronic publishing
2249:Electronic publishing
2224:Scientific literature
2001:Article-level metrics
1753:Electronic publishing
1729:Electronic publishing
1713:Electronic publishing
1440:. European Parliament
1315:Collections Europeana
1042:www.sciencedirect.com
890:. SAGE Publications.
633:repositories such as
604:Further information:
524:software applications
480:Further information:
396:Electronic publishing
290:under the brand name
209:to consumers through
188:scientific publishing
142:(also referred to as
140:Electronic publishing
2495:Plastic Logic Reader
2292:Open-access journals
2239:Open scientific data
2046:SCImago Journal Rank
2006:Author-level metrics
1991:Acknowledgment index
1601:Online Or Invisible?
1493:on February 22, 2019
1418:on February 22, 2019
1145:"A propos | Gallica"
1001:, November 21, 2010.
800:Digital distribution
773:Enhanced publication
556:"reflowable" content
359:Wikimedia Foundation
61:improve this article
3032:Semantic publishing
3022:Reflowable document
2822:Amazon Kindle Store
2287:Scientific journals
1798:Academic publishing
1188:on January 29, 2017
1179:La Lettre du Coepia
1018:on January 23, 2012
967:on January 11, 2020
600:Academic publishing
594:Academic publishing
552:digital audio files
343:François Mitterrand
261:, a student at the
195:scientific journals
2832:Barnes & Noble
2500:PocketBook eReader
2400:Kindle File Format
2307:Copyright policies
2302:University presses
2209:Scientific writing
2077:Citation advantage
1984:Impact and ranking
1817:Scientific journal
1639:The New York Times
1290:The New York Times
845:Desktop publishing
805:Online advertising
690:Electronic journal
625:and some areas of
606:Electronic journal
482:Desktop publishing
294:, and then on the
272:In the 1970s, the
148:digital publishing
32:Desktop publishing
18:Digital Publishing
3040:
3039:
2950:
2949:
2920:Project Gutenberg
2879:Sony Reader Store
2827:Baen Free Library
2817:Apple Books Store
2762:Oxygen XML Editor
2742:iStudio Publisher
2728:Help & Manual
2662:
2661:
2589:Google Play Books
2555:
2335:
2334:
2312:Preprint policies
2282:Academic journals
2265:Publish or perish
2120:Version of record
2060:Reform and access
1862:Literature review
1724:Library resources
1390:978-2-7606-3202-8
1361:978-2-7606-3592-0
1088:978-2-7071-5729-4
897:978-1-5443-2078-6
855:Mobile publishing
493:desktop computers
267:Project Gutenberg
238:interactive media
164:digital libraries
160:digital magazines
152:online publishing
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3065:
2915:Internet Archive
2807:
2719:Collabora Online
2674:ABBYY FineReader
2624:Microsoft Reader
2553:
2433:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2254:Ingelfinger rule
2168:Semantic Scholar
1890:Technical report
1812:Academic journal
1791:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1699:
1698:
1682:
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1538:
1533:on June 15, 2017
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1472:
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1423:
1414:. Archived from
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1239:. March 12, 2008
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1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1008:
1002:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
951:
950:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
922:on July 13, 2018
918:. Archived from
908:
902:
901:
881:
865:Medium (website)
618:academic journal
501:tablet computers
434:computer science
390:Internet Archive
337:launched a vast
308:Raymond Kurzweil
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3027:Self-publishing
2946:
2937:Standard Ebooks
2888:
2796:
2714:Calligra Author
2658:
2569:Bluefire Reader
2524:
2424:
2371:
2366:
2336:
2331:
2270:
2229:Learned society
2192:
2134:
2098:
2055:
2026:Journal ranking
2016:Citation impact
1979:
1914:
1872:Grey literature
1866:
1828:
1800:
1795:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1680:Wayback Machine
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1595:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1258:Somers, James.
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
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1143:
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1138:
1126:
1125:
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1111:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1005:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
954:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
910:
909:
905:
898:
883:
882:
878:
873:
841:
825:Self-publishing
820:Print on demand
796:
794:Business models
756:
681:
676:
647:
614:
608:
602:
596:
586:, used in many
517:print-on-demand
488:offset printing
484:
478:
457:
398:
304:
265:, who launched
259:Michael S. Hart
251:
246:
184:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2992:E-book lending
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Braille e-book
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2874:Kobo Bookstore
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:Adobe RoboHelp
2686:
2684:Adobe InDesign
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Hanlin eReader
2467:
2465:enTourage eDGe
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2197:Related topics
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Web of Science
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2148:Google Scholar
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Serials crisis
2081:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2051:Scientometrics
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Citation index
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1970:Poster session
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1857:Position paper
1854:
1852:Review article
1849:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:External links
1687:
1684:
1683:
1659:
1625:
1612:
1605:Steve Lawrence
1593:
1570:10.1086/341868
1564:(5): 947–993.
1544:
1518:
1504:
1478:
1451:
1429:
1403:
1389:
1367:
1360:
1340:
1328:
1302:
1276:
1250:
1224:
1212:wikisource.org
1199:
1162:
1149:gallica.bnf.fr
1136:
1119:
1094:
1087:
1067:
1061:Marie Lebert,
1054:
1029:
1003:
978:
952:
933:
912:"E-publishing"
903:
896:
875:
874:
872:
869:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
795:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
752:
751:
750:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
688:
685:
680:
677:
675:
672:
664:public library
646:
643:
598:Main article:
595:
592:
588:e-book formats
548:search engines
477:
474:
456:
455:Online edition
453:
397:
394:
303:
300:
250:
247:
245:
242:
183:
180:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Kindle single
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:Noncommercial
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
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2818:
2815:
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2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
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2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:iBooks Author
2735:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Adobe Acrobat
2534:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Amazon Kindle
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
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2380:
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2374:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Open research
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Impact factor
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:Bibliometrics
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Annual report
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Working paper
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1822:Public health
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1277:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Insight Media
988:
982:
979:
966:
962:
956:
953:
948:
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934:
921:
917:
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904:
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893:
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880:
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870:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
838:
833:
831:
830:Subscriptions
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
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798:
797:
793:
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771:
769:
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692:
689:
686:
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682:
678:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:HarperCollins
657:
651:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
613:
607:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:iBooks Author
577:
573:
572:Adobe Systems
569:
568:user friendly
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
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529:
525:
520:
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498:
494:
489:
483:
475:
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470:
469:OpenStreetMap
465:
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391:
387:
383:
378:
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366:
364:
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355:
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348:
344:
340:
336:
333:In 1992, the
331:
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309:
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296:worldwide web
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81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2996:
2900:Aozora Bunko
2862:Google Books
2757:MadCap Flare
2505:Rocket eBook
2485:Kobo eReader
2480:iRiver Story
2460:Elonex ebook
2248:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1709:profile for
1706:
1671:. See also:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1620:
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