2522:, September 1, 1980, "Keep in mind that to be disfellowshipped, an apostate does not have to be a promoter of apostate views. ... if a baptized Christian abandons the teachings of Jehovah, as presented by the faithful and discreet slave, and persists in believing other doctrine despite Scriptural reproof, then he is apostatizing. ... he continues to believe the apostate ideas and rejects what he has been provided through the 'slave class,' then appropriate judicial action should be taken. ... something reasonably substantial comes to the attention of the elders along this line, it would be appropriate to make a kindly, discreet inquiry so as to protect the flock." Reproduced in
1302:. When an elder committee decides that a baptized Witness has committed a serious sin and is unrepentant, the person is disfellowshipped. A person who believes that a serious error in judgment has been made may appeal the decision. Requests for appeal must be made in writing and within seven days of the decision of the committee. At such time, they may use other local elders or elders from nearby congregations. Their shunning policy is based on their interpretation of scriptures such as 1 Corinthians 5:11â13; Matthew 18:15â17; and 2 John 9â11. Witness literature states that avoiding interaction with former adherents helps to:
2471:
does not repent, he or she will be shunned or disfellowshipped. ⊠The marriage relationship and normal family affections and dealings continue. Disfellowshipped individuals may attend our religious services. If they wish, they may also receive spiritual counsel from congregation elders. The goal is to help each individual once more to qualify to be one of
Jehovah's Witnesses. Disfellowshipped people who reject improper conduct and demonstrate a sincere desire to live by the Bible's standards are always welcome to become members of the congregation again.
1337:
and immediate family household situations. If a former member is living in the same home with other baptized family members, religious matters are not discussed, with the exception of minors, for whose training parents are still responsible; expelled family members outside the home are shunned. For many years, members were instructed to not even greet shunned individuals. As of March 2024, members are permitted to invite shunned individuals to congregation meetings or offer brief greetings at meetings, unless the individual is deemed to be an apostate.
1346:
whether the person has repented. Such individuals must demonstrate that they no longer practice the conduct for which they were expelled from the congregation, as well as submission to the group's regulations. Individuals removed for actions no longer considered serious sins are not automatically reinstated. Attending meetings regularly while being shunned is a requirement for eventual reinstatement. Once a decision is made to reinstate, a brief announcement is made to the congregation that the individual "is reinstated as one of
Jehovah's Witnesses".
1379:, a letter dated September 1, 1980, from the Watch Tower Society to all circuit and district overseers advised that a member who "merely disagrees in thought with any of the Watch Tower Society's teachings is committing apostasy and is liable for disfellowshipping." The letter states that one does not have to "promote" different doctrines to be an apostate, adding that elders need to "discern between one who is a trouble-making apostate and a Christian who becomes weak in the faith and has doubts."
890:, a short talk regarding "local needs" is presented. An elder addresses matters that are relevant to the local congregation, with instructions outlining the course of action considered appropriate. No specific individuals are identified during the talk, but the talk may relate to a matter for which a member has recently been "reproved". At times, some temporary policy may be announced that might be seen as disciplinary; for example, it may be that an additional attendant is assigned outside a
1236:âThe body of elders may believe the sinner's repentance has been established and accepted. For example, if a member committed a "serious sin" several years ago, had formally repented in prayer, and the sin did not involve scheming. Witnesses are strongly discouraged from waiting years to resolve such matters; even if years have passed since the serious sin, it is typical for a committee to be formed, and there may still be repercussions as for ânon-judicialâ situations.
1272:
who are aware of the transgression. If the conduct is known only to the individual and the committee, reproof is given privately. If the sin is known by a small number, they would be invited by the elders, and reproof would be given before the sinner and those with knowledge of the sin. If the action is known generally by the entire congregation or the wider community, an announcement is made at the midweek meeting that the person "has been reproved". A related
2341:
torture, the brutalizing of women, or even child pornography. When others become aware of his conduct, he is deeply ashamed. He has not been brazen, but the elders may determine that he has 'given himself over' to this filthy habit and has practiced 'uncleanness with greediness,' that is, gross uncleanness. A judicial committee would be formed because gross uncleanness is involved. The wrongdoer would be disfellowshipped if he did not display godly repentance
1350:
restrictions are imposed on reinstated individuals. Participation at religious meetings, including commenting from the audience, is initially not permitted; such "privileges" may be gradually permitted over time if the individual is considered to have "progressed spiritually". Reinstated individuals may be ineligible for many years from serving in positions of responsibility such as an elder, ministerial servant or pioneer.
873:, taking material advantage of others or indulging in "improper" entertainment. For many years, the practice of "marking" was indicated by means of a warning talk given to the congregation outlining the inappropriate behavior, without explicitly naming any particular individual. Those aware of the behavior of the individual could then consider the individual "marked". In 2024, changes were made to the
36:
1372:
protect the congregation from the influence of those who practice serious wrongdoing. Critics contend that the judicial process itself, due to its private and nearly autonomous nature, directly contradicts the precedent found in the Bible and the organization's own teachings and can be used in an arbitrary manner if there is consensus among just a few to abuse their authority.
1242:âElders may become aware of a "serious sin" committed by a baptized Witness who has been inactive for some time and is not perceived as a Jehovah's Witness. If the alleged sinner is not associating with active Witnesses, the elders may indefinitely postpone a committee and formal hearing unless and until the individual renews their association with the congregation.
1192:âdirected that a member who "persists in believing other doctrine", even without promoting such beliefs, may also be subject to shunning. Elders usually try to reason with the individual before such action is taken. If a person believes that a teaching should be adjusted or changed, he is encouraged "to be patient and wait on Jehovah for change".
153:
1208:
confesses voluntarily. Members are instructed to report serious sins committed by other members. Failure to report a serious sin of another member is viewed as sharing in the sins of others, a sin before God. Witnesses are instructed that pledges of confidentiality may be broken to report what they believe to be transgressions.
1986:
insolent, contemptuous attitude made evident by a practice of these things: Willful, continued, unnecessary association with disfellowshipped nonrelatives despite repeated counsel. ... Child sexual abuse ... Continuing to date or pursue a romantic relationship with a person though not legally or
Scripturally free to marry.
2489:
A Christian should avoid secular work that directly promotes activities that God disapproves of. ... Clearly, a person employed in a gambling den, an abortion clinic, or a house of prostitution would be an accomplice in an unscriptural practice. Even if his daily work there was merely sweeping floors
2470:
If A baptized
Witness makes a practice of breaking the Bible's moral code and does not repent, he or she will be shunned or disfellowshipped We do not automatically disfellowship someone who commits a serious sin. If, however, a baptized Witness makes a practice of breaking the Bible's moral code and
1985:
Rather than relating to bad conduct of a somewhat petty or minor nature, "brazen conduct" describes acts that reflect an attitude that betrays disrespect, disregard, or even contempt for divine standards, laws, and authority. ... brazen conduct may be involved in the following if the wrongdoer has an
1906:
An individual would not normally be disfellowshipped for celebrating a birthday. However, if someone persists in strongly advocating the celebrating of birthdays or actively solicits birthday associated business, thus openly encouraging such celebrations and hence creating division, disfellowshipping
1871:
A mate's enforcing perverted acts, such as oral or anal sex, within the marriage would not constitute a
Scriptural basis for a divorce that would free either for remarriage. ... If it becomes known that a member of the congregation is practicing or openly advocating perverted sex relations within the
1358:
An unbaptized individual who has previously been approved to share in
Jehovah's Witnesses' formal ministry, but who subsequently behaves in a manner considered inappropriate may lose privileges, such as commenting at meetings, receiving assignments, or even accompanying the congregation in the public
1271:
involves actions for which a person could be removed from the congregation, and is said to be an effort to 'reach the heart' and convince a person of the need to hate the sanctioned actions and repent. Reproof is considered sufficient if the individual is deemed repentant. Reproof is given before all
1259:
The committee may determine that there was no "serious sin", or that mitigating circumstances absolve the accused individual. The committee may then proceed with discipline such as is described for 'non-judicial' situations. Alternatively, the committee may decide that a serious sin was committed, in
3013:
Elders will use discernment in determining whether a particular situation is sufficiently serious and disturbing to others to warrant a warning talk. The speaker will provide appropriate counsel concerning disorderly conduct, but he will not name the disorderly one. Consequently, those who are aware
2507:
If a member of the congregation gets involved in an employment situation that unquestionably puts him in conflict with the Bible ... a period of time up to six months might be allowed for him to make the needed adjustments. In those cases in which that is not done, the person can be disfellowshipped
2340:
But not all viewing of pornography calls for a hearing before a judicial committee. ⊠However, suppose a
Christian has secretly viewed abhorrent, sexually degrading pornography for years and has done everything possible to conceal this sin. Such pornography might feature gang rape, bondage, sadistic
1423:
issued a 9â0 decision saying courts have no jurisdiction to review membership questions of a religious organization. "In the end, religious groups are free to determine their own membership and rules; courts will not intervene in such matters save where it is necessary to resolve an underlying legal
1399:
Shunning is a practice engaged in by
Jehovah's Witnesses pursuant to their interpretation of canonical text, and we are not free to reinterpret that text. ... We find the practice of shunning not to constitute a sufficient threat to the peace, safety, or morality of the community as to warrant state
1336:
Failure to adhere to the directions on shunning is itself considered a serious offense. Members who continue to socialize with a removed or disassociated person are said to be sharing in their "wicked works" and may themselves be removed. Exceptions are made in some cases, such as business relations
1251:
A person who confesses or is accused of a serious sin is invited to attend a meeting with a committee of elders. The individual is permitted to bring witnesses who can speak in their defense; observers are not allowed, and the hearing is held privately even if the accused individual requests that it
860:
Members who persist in a course considered scripturally wrong after repeated counsel by elders, but who are not considered guilty of something for which they could be formally shunned, can be "marked", based on
Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of 2 Thessalonians 3:14–15 (NWT): "14
843:
Elders, ministerial servants, pioneers, or other appointed
Witnesses can lose their "special privileges of service". For example, an elder may be removed or choose to step aside voluntarily from his position if members of his household are not in "good standing". After resignation or removal from an
839:
An active Jehovah's Witness may have their congregational "privileges of service" limited, even without having committed a serious sin. While Witnesses sometimes refer to field ministry, after-meeting cleanup, and other responsibilities as "privileges", the term "privileges of service" often implies
2198:
False religious holidays, such as Christmas (w00 12/15 3-7; w97 12/15 3-7; g81 12/22 16-17), Easter (w96 4/1 3-5; g86 3/22 5-8), and Halloween (g01 10/8 3-10; g81 10/22 16), all have pagan roots and are not shared in by true Christians. ... Our publications have commented on the following holidays:
1960:
If a Christian were to become a professional boxer, this would put him in conflict with God's counsel. ... Such a person should be given a reasonable period of time to discontinue his unchristian profession or occupation. His failure to do so would mean that the elders would have no alternative but
1414:
The Ninth Circuit's extension of the free exercise clause to include a privilege against tort liability is incorrect. ... In most of the free exercise cases decided by the Supreme Court the government has acted against the religious group, either by imposing criminal sanctions for religious conduct
1332:
that the named individual "is no longer one of Jehovah's Witnesses", without any elaboration. Shunning starts immediately after the announcement is made. A notification form is sent to the local branch office and records of the removal are saved in the congregational records. Both are kept until at
1211:
A congregation's body of elders considers confessions or credible allegations of serious sin, and decides whether a committee will be formed to address the matter. A judicial committee, usually consisting of three elders, investigates the details of the alleged sin further. The committee arranges a
1169:
If an active baptized Witness is considered to have committed a "serious sin" for which the individual must demonstrate formal repentance, correction (or, "discipline") is administered by the congregation's body of elders. Such situations usually involve a committee of three or more elders. Counsel
3637:
depending on the gravity of the wrongdoing, this might take five, ten, or more years. In cases of great scandal, a brother might not live the reproach down sufficiently in his lifetime so as to qualify as an elder or a ministerial servant. A brother who enters into an adulterous marriage would not
2376:
If a divorced person remarries and he was not Scripturally free to do soâin other words, if adultery and rejection by the innocent mate had not occurredâhe has entered into an adulterous marriage. In Jehovah's eyes, he has married someone while still bound to another. Entering into such a marriage
1362:
If an unbaptized individual is deemed unrepentant of actions for which baptized members might be removed, an announcement would be made that the person "is no longer a publisher of the good news." Such individuals were previously shunned, but formal restrictions are no longer imposed on unbaptized
1255:
The committee takes the role of prosecutor, judge and jury when handling its cases. After the hearing is opened with a prayer, the accused is invited to make a personal statement. If there is no admission of guilt, the individual is informed of the source of the charges and witnesses are presented
3270:
Do we share Jesus' view of those who have become set in their lawless course? We need to give thought to these questions: 'Would I choose to associate regularly with someone who has been disfellowshipped or who has disassociated himself from the Christian congregation? What if that one is a close
1345:
Removed individuals may be reinstated into the congregation if they are considered repentant of their previous actions and attitude. If a disassociated or removed individual requests reinstatement, a committee (preferably comprising the original committee members, if available) seeks to determine
2285:
The Witnesses do not interfere with what others do as to voting in political elections, running for political office, campaigning for politicians, or joining the military. But since true Christians are "no part of the world," a baptized Christian who deliberately pursues a course in violation of
1784:
Their ceasing to have social dealings and recreation with him might show him that principled people disliked his ways. ... Christians in the congregation who are thus alerted can individually decide to limit any socializing with ones who clearly are pursuing a disorderly course but who are still
1371:
The only way to officially leave Jehovah's Witnesses is to disassociate or be removed, and both entail the same set of prohibitions and penalties, with no provision for continued normal association. Jehovah's Witnesses state that their practice of shunning is a scripturally documented method to
821:
may be given in situations involving actions that are considered inappropriate but are not considered to be of sufficient gravity to necessitate a committee. Counsel may be provided by a mature Witness in addition to self-discipline and family discipline. Elders may also give recommendations or
3401:
We do not have spiritual or social fellowship with disfellowshipped ones. ... In some instances, the disfellowshipped family member may still be living in the same home as part of the immediate household. Since his being disfellowshipped does not sever the family ties, normal day-to-day family
1207:
Evidence for actions that can result in congregational discipline is obtained by voluntary confession to the elders or by witnesses of the violation. A minimum of two witnesses is required to establish guilt, based on their understanding of Deuteronomy 17:6 and Matthew 18:16, unless the person
1349:
Elders are instructed to remind disfellowshipped individuals of the steps they can take to qualify for reinstatement. No specific period of time is prescribed before this can happen; however, the Watch Tower Society suggests a period of "perhaps many months, a year, or longer." Congregational
830:
Personal "shepherding visits" are intended to encourage members of the congregation, though may also include counsel and correction, then or on a subsequent visit. Two elders (or an elder and a ministerial servant) may schedule and perform a particular shepherding visit on their own or at the
2899:
It is unclear whether accused individuals have always had the option to call witnesses. The judicial committee hearing accusations that resulted in the disfellowshipping of Canadian Witness James Penton in February 1981 refused Penton's request to have a lawyer present and to call witnesses.
1316:
Shunning is also practiced when a member formally resigns membership or is deemed to indicate by their actionsâsuch as accepting a blood transfusion or association with another religion or military organizationâthat they do not wish to be known as a Witness. Such individuals are said to have
877:
process; elders no longer present a talk about the undesired behavior, and it is instead up to individual members who are aware of another member's errant behavior to "make a personal decision not to associate" with the person. Though not shunned, "marked" individuals are looked upon as "bad
3638:
qualify to serve as an elder or a ministerial servant at least until the death or remarriage of his former mate, if ever. Neither would he qualify to serve as an auxiliary or regular pioneer or be assigned to help with the literature, accounts, magazines, attendants, or similar assignments.
1415:
or denying members some benefit because of their religious beliefs. In Paul, however, the religious group acted as the aggressor, violating the plaintiff's right to emotional well-being. ... The Paul decision is an unfortunate expansion of a doctrine intended to protect individual rights.
861:
But if anyone is not obedient to our word through this letter, keep this one marked and stop associating with him, so that he may become ashamed. 15 And yet do not consider him an enemy, but continue admonishing him as a brother." Actions for which an individual may be "marked" include
1281:
In all cases of reproof, restrictions are imposed, typically prohibiting the individual from sharing in meeting parts, commenting during meetings, and giving group prayers. A reproved Witness cannot enroll as a pioneer or auxiliary pioneer for at least one year after reproof is given.
2021:
If members of the congregation are known to have undue association with disfellowshipped or disassociated relatives who are not in the household ... he would not be dealt with judicially unless there is persistent spiritual association or he openly criticizes the disfellowshipping
1252:
be heard openly so all may witness the evidence. Recording devices are not permitted at the hearing. If the accused repeatedly fails to attend an arranged hearing, the committee will proceed but will not make a decision until evidence and testimony by witnesses are considered.
2303:
Every effort should be made to help the offender see the need to keep his body and/or place of residence physically clean. ... If there is blatant, willful disregard of the counsel given and the extreme unclean, offensive conditions continue, disfellowshipping action may be
2199:
New Year's Day (g02 1/8 20-1; g86 12/22 20-1; w74 1/1 32); Thanksgiving Day and harvest-day festivals (w97 9/15 8-9; g76 11/22 9-13); Father's Day, Mother's Day, and Valentine's Day (g74 2/8 27-8); carnival celebrations (g96 6/8 14- 15); and Hanukkah.âg90 12/8 11-13.
1872:
marriage bond, that one certainly would not be irreprehensible, and so would not be acceptable for special privileges, such as serving as an elder, a ministerial servant or a pioneer. Such practice and advocacy could even lead to expulsion from the congregation.
1750:
This could include such things as being extremely lazy, critical, or dirty. He could be "meddling with what does not concern ." (2 Thess. 3:11) Or he might be one who schemes to take material advantage of others or indulges in entertainment that is clearly
1427:
In 2021, Belgium issued a âŹ12,000 fine to Jehovah's Witnesses for discrimination and inciting hatred against people who left the religion. The fine was initially âŹ96,000 before being reduced. Upon appeal by Jehovah's Witnesses, the fine was acquitted.
2395:
Jehovah's Witnesses are known as decent, honest, law-abiding people. They are recognized for their staunch refusal to take part in any kind of subversive, antigovernment activityâunchristian action that can result in their being disfellowshipped, or
2057:
When an individual makes a practice of engaging in immoral conversations by telephone or Internet chat rooms or by similar electronic means, this can constitute obscene speech and/or loose, brazen conduct, either of which can be a basis for judicial
1627:
Jehovah's Witnesses use the term "special privileges of service" for positions requiring formal appointment or approval, such as elder, ministerial servant, pioneer, Bethel (branch) service, and schools such as Gilead and Ministerial Training
1566:
Even well-meaning Christians have shared information about seemingly profitable ventures, only to find that they and those following their example lost the money they invested. As a result, a number of Christians have lost privileges in the
1256:
one at a time to give evidence. Witnesses do not remain present for the entire hearing. Once all the evidence is presented, the accused and all witnesses are dismissed and the committee reviews the evidence and the attitude of the accused.
2247:
Judicial action would be taken if a person who has not joined another religion unrepentantly continues to engage in what are clearly apostate acts, such as bowing before altars and images and sharing actively in false religious songs and
1198:
of July 15, 2011, said "apostates are 'mentally diseased,' and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings" and to "avoid contact with them". Some have stated that this applies to all individuals who leave the organization.
1924:
Consistent with that understanding of matters, beginning in 1961 any who ignored the divine requirement, accepted blood transfusions, and manifested an unrepentant attitude were disfellowshipped from the congregations of Jehovah's
778:
as formal controls administered by congregation elders. Members who engage in conduct that is considered inappropriate may be counseled privately by elders, and congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted.
3402:
activities and dealings may continue. Yet, by his course, the individual has chosen to break the spiritual bond between him and his believing family. So loyal family members can no longer have spiritual fellowship with him.
3251:
The second situation involves a person who renounces his standing in the congregation by joining a secular organization whose purpose is contrary to counsel such as that found at Isaiah 2:4, ... neither will they learn war
1400:
intervention. ... Courts generally do not scrutinize closely the relationship among members (or former members) of a church. Churches are afforded great latitude when they impose discipline on members or former members.
794:. Individuals who are removed may be later reinstated if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance. The practice of shunning, particularly that of family members, has been criticized by many non-members and ex-members.
2414:
A "smiter" does not qualify for special privileges in the Christian congregation. Indeed, any professed Christian who repeatedly and unrepentantly gives in to fits of anger can be disfellowshipped from the Christian
3895:
2163:
A glutton routinely shows a lack of restraint, even gorging himself on food to the point of feeling very uncomfortable or becoming sick. Gluttony is determined, not by someone's size, but by his attitude toward
3866:
723:
3694:, Vol 1, p. 518, which states that "publicity that would be afforded any trial at the gate would tend to influence the judges toward care and justice in the trial proceedings and in their decisions".
3839:
782:
Private hearings involving "serious sin" are performed by formal elder committees, in which guilt and repentance are determined by a tribunal of elders. A variety of controls can be enforced, from
1188:
If a baptized Witness teaches contrary to Witness doctrines, it is considered apostasy and grounds for shunning. A 1981 letter to overseersâreproduced in a book by former Governing Body member
2040:
Similarly the Christian congregation today enforces strong laws against all forms of sexual abuse. Anyone who sexually abuses a child risks being disfellowshipped, put out of the congregation.
1260:
which case, the committee gives verbal admonitions and gauges the individual's attitude and repentance. The committee then decides whether discipline will involve formal reproof or shunning.
3103:
We will no longer refer to such ones as being disfellowshipped. In harmony with Paul's words recorded at 1 Corinthians 5:13, we will now refer to them as being removed from the congregation.
1290:
All members are expected to abide by the beliefs and moral standards of Jehovah's Witnesses. Serious violations of these requirements can result in removal from the congregation (similar to
1363:
individuals, though association is generally curtailed. The elders might privately warn individuals in the congregation if the unbaptized person is considered to pose "an unusual threat".
878:
association" and social interaction outside of formal worship settings is generally curtailed. This action is intended to "shame" the person into following a particular course of action.
4008:
3050:
During the time that an individual who has been judicially reproved is healing spiritually ... it would be beneficial for the repentant one to listen rather than comment at meetings.
3453:
A simple 'Hello' to someone can be the first step that develops into a conversation and maybe even a friendship. Would we want to take that first step with a disfellowshiped person?
2093:
Jehovah has brought to the attention of his "holy" people the need to disfellowship those dedicated, baptized Christians who refuse to break and give up the drug and tobacco habits.
912:
Jehovah's Witnesses consider many actions to be "serious sins", for which baptized Witnesses are subject to a committee hearing, which may result in shunning. Such actions include:
907:
675:
714:
1322:
184:
404:
3588:
The elders are careful to allow sufficient time, perhaps a year or even longer, for the disfellowshipped person to demonstrate that his profession of repentance is genuine.
3215:
transfusions have been relegated to 'non-disfellowshipping events' ... If a member has a transfusion, they will, by their actions disassociate themselves from the religion.
1392:
169:
840:
a specific range of assignments assisting elders and ministerial servants with meeting demonstrations and other responsibilities. Such limitations are usually temporary.
3606:
Although it seems that the wrongdoer in Corinth was reinstated within a relatively short period of time, this is not to be used as a standard for all disfellowshippings.
1298:
if not deemed repentant. For many years, the practice was referred to as "disfellowshipping"; however, the term was discontinued in 2024, and is instead referred to as
3543:
And if he seeks reinstatement, he must show his sincerity by attending congregation meetings with no one speaking to him, all the while giving evidence of repentance.
758:
3690:
Franz says the Watch Tower Society ignores the "clear principle of openness in the conduct of judicial proceedings" and cites the Watch Tower Society publication,
1609:
Even if counsel has been required, it may not be such a long time before a humble and grateful man again receives added privileges of service in the congregation.
1181:
An individual may also be shunned for promoting activities that are considered "serious sins" without actually engaging in the practice, or for accepting related
225:
852:
The body of elders may withhold its recommendation for a member to serve in a new position of responsibility, though still permitting existing responsibilities.
215:
3311:"Re: Correspondence from branch office and congregation file". Letter to All bodies of elders. Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses. December 6, 2010.
903:
844:
appointed position, an announcement is made during the congregation's Service Meeting indicating that the person is "no longer serving ", without elaboration.
346:
2110:
In cases where reproach has been brought upon the congregation by public drunkenness, judicial action may be required, even if only one incident has occurred.
100:
398:
1395:
upheld the Witnesses' right to shun those who fail to live by the group's standards and doctrines, upholding the ruling of a lower court. The court stated:
72:
680:
230:
2322:
polygamy is not to be condoned for any Christian regardless of nationality or circumstance. ... This leaves no room for polygamy among true Christians.
79:
3014:
of the situation described in the talk will take care to avoid socializing with such an individual, although they will continue spiritual association.
178:
2635:
1850:
Understanding that timeless truth has helped millions of Christians to repudiate the practice of abortion, seeing it as a serious sin against God.
457:
86:
2617:
593:
448:
239:
220:
192:
3768:
709:
313:
2216:
So holidays that tend to exalt a man or a human organization are not in harmony with God's will, and true Christians will not share in them.
1212:
formal hearing to determine the circumstances of the sin, whether the accused is repentant, and whether disciplinary actions will be taken.
68:
4018:
751:
308:
1472:
1406:
664:
368:
1306:
avoid reproach on God's name and organization by indicating that violations of the Bible's standards in their ranks are not tolerated;
3716:
3380:
2600:
428:
119:
1435:. Jehovah's Witnesses were denied funding as a religious community for 2021. A counterlawsuit was launched by Jehovah's Witnesses.
248:
201:
1215:
In certain situations, a body of elders may handle a situation involving "serious sin" by a baptized Witness without a committee:
1178:
by the congregation. Shunned individuals may be reinstated after an extended period if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance.
1477:
1329:
887:
273:
3795:"The Ninth Circuit's Eleventh Commandment to Religious Groups: Thou Shalt Not Be Liable for Thine Intentional Intangible Torts:
744:
136:
1942:
If a Christian took up professional boxing and refused to stop despite repeated counsel, judicial action would be appropriate.
3896:"BELGIQUE : les Témoins de Jéhovah acquittés en appel pour des allégations de discrimination et d'incitation à la haine"
93:
57:
50:
808:
268:
3951:
3781:
The Constitution's guarantee of 'free exercise,' said the appeals panel, applies even to unpopular groups and practices
3316:
1452:
323:
333:
4013:
3322:
485:
1467:
544:
1185:(e.g. selling lottery tickets, firearms or cigarettes; working in an abortion clinic, church or military base).
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1420:
501:
46:
3900:
3006:
2554:
2430:
1743:
771:
506:
210:
144:
3465:
812:
3977:
3923:
815:
wrongdoing. If counsel is not accepted, congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted.
1222:âA minor or newly baptized Witness might commit one or two acts of "serious sin" involving tobacco or
1444:
474:
469:
3825:
1121:
1061:
3776:
3844:
3271:
relative who no longer lives at home?' Such a situation can be a real test of our loyalty to God.
1328:
When a person is removed or is deemed to have disassociated, an announcement is made at the next
975:
490:
2682:
1431:
In 2022, a court case filed by a disfellowshipped woman was subjected to judicial review by the
3867:"Reconnue coupable, l'ASBL Témoins de Jéhovah condamnée à une amende effective de 96.000 euros"
3794:
2286:
Christian neutrality removes (disassociates) himself from the congregation of Jehovah's people.
3871:
3712:
3376:
2596:
2589:
953:
775:
629:
581:
576:
1512:
2490:
or answering the telephone, he would be contributing to a practice that God's Word condemns.
1638:
1462:
3355:
2 John 11 ("For he that says a greeting to him is a sharer in his wicked works.")
1312:
convince the individual to re-evaluate their course of action, repent and rejoin the group.
1291:
1171:
787:
517:
295:
3041:
2453:
1223:
1194:
560:
522:
381:
1579:
4002:
1496:
1376:
1189:
1040:
994:
610:
605:
565:
3840:"Jehovah's Witnesses given âŹ12,000 fine for incitement to hatred against ex-members"
3368:
1143:
1072:
891:
639:
423:
356:
2508:
or noted as someone who has disassociated himself from God's neutral congregation.
3429:
3115:
1102:
1009:
999:
35:
17:
3750:
1797:
1182:
1126:
1110:
941:
549:
2794:
2636:"Jehovah's Witnesses church likens defectors to 'contagious, deadly disease'"
865:
a non-member, dating when not "scripturally" or legally free to marry, being
1457:
1046:
1004:
989:
1278:
talk may be given, separately to the announcement, without naming anyone.
3821:
Highwood Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses (Judicial Committee) v. Wall
2359:
Stubborn refusal to support one's family may result in disfellowshipping.
1295:
1175:
1157:
1148:
1096:
1091:
1078:
1051:
1024:
1019:
985:
947:
936:
931:
927:
922:
917:
870:
866:
791:
644:
3210:
3195:"The Bible's ViewpointâWhy Disfellowshipping Is a Loving Arrangement".
1138:
1116:
1035:
290:
1153:
1083:
1056:
958:
862:
388:
3737:
886:
At conventions and assemblies, and about once each month at a local
152:
2591:
Jehovah's Witnesses: Portrait of a Contemporary Religious Movement
1132:
1029:
1014:
1227:
1113:"if adultery and rejection by the innocent mate had not occurred"
1309:
keep the congregation free of possible corrosive influences; and
3430:"Display Christian Loyalty When a Relative Is Disfellowshipped"
2454:"Do Jehovah's Witnesses Shun Former Members of Their Religion?"
972:
criticizing a decision to remove a person from the congregation
3928:
1580:"Let Your Advancement Be Manifest â Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY"
1067:
29:
3797:
Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
3470:. WatchTower Bible and Tract Society. Event occurs at 13:12
27:
Congregation discipline as practiced by Jehovah's Witnesses
3733:
Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc
3086:. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1981. pp. 22â23.
1389:
Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc
3702:
3700:
3659:. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 1988. pp. 18â19.
3199:. Watch Tower Society. September 8, 1996. pp. 26â27.
2947:. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1981. pp. 22â27.
2705:. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1987. pp. 12â15.
3097:"Help for Those Who Are Removed From the Congregation".
2412:. Watch Tower Society. November 8, 2001. pp. 9â12.
980:
dating while "not legally or Scripturally free to marry"
3451:. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1981. p. 25.
3418:. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 2001. pp. 16â17.
2976:"Keep Submitting to "the Spirit that Is Life-Giving"".
2723:. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1977. pp. 5â6.
2487:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1999. pp. 29â30.
2091:. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 1976. p. 123.
2002:. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1973. p. 574.
3757:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1988. pp. 26â30.
3268:. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 2011. p. 31.
3184:. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1995. p. 11.
3048:. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 2006. p. 30.
2965:. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 1998. pp. 12â17.
2961:"Imitate JehovahâExercise Justice and Righteousness".
1804:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1985. pp. 30â31.
1607:. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 1990. p. 23.
1424:
dispute," Justice Malcolm Rowe wrote in the decision.
3249:. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1982. p. 31.
3169:. Watch Tower Society. November 15, 2006. p. 27.
2995:. Watch Tower Society. December 1, 1976. p. 733.
2929:. Watch Tower Society. December 1, 1976. p. 723.
2801:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2006. pp. 30â31.
2460:. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
2357:. Watch Tower Society. November 1, 1988. p. 22.
1958:. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1981. pp. 30â31.
1534:. Watch Tower Society. February 15, 1998. p. 27.
1519:. Watch Tower Society. December 15, 2004. p. 21.
894:
to discourage children from running on the sidewalk.
3604:. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1998. p. 18.
3436:. Watch Tower Society. August 1, 2002. pp. 3â4.
3234:. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1986. p. 32.
3151:. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1999. p. 22.
3066:. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1989. p. 17.
2783:. Watch Tower Society. January 15, 1996. p. 18.
2393:. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1995. p. 31.
2038:. Watch Tower Society. October 8, 1993. p. 10.
1658:. Watch Tower Society. October 15, 1996. p. 21.
3526:. Watch Tower Society. August 15, 1992. p. 31.
2671:. Watch Tower Society. August 15, 1997. p. 27.
2618:"War of words breaks out among Jehovah's Witnesses"
1869:. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1983. p. 31.
1848:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 2009. p. 12.
1564:. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1997. p. 19.
3711:(4 ed.). Commentary Press. pp. 341â342.
3493:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1991. p. 21.
3122:. Watch Tower Society. January 1, 1980. p. 4.
2816:. Watch Tower Society. October 1, 1972. p. 8.
2719:"New Arrangements for Congregation Organization".
2588:
2338:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2006. p. 31.
1782:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1999. p. 31.
1703:. Watch Tower Society. April 15, 1985. p. 31.
1549:. Watch Tower Society. March 15, 1996. p. 27.
1393:United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit
3952:"Jehovas vitner kan miste status som trossamfunn"
3541:. Watch Tower Society. July 8, 1970. p. 28.
2768:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1995. p. 25.
2576:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 2011. p. 15.
2320:. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1985. p. 10.
2264:. Watch Tower Society. June 15, 2009. p. 18.
1718:. Watch Tower Society. July 15, 1999. p. 31.
811:settings, with the opportunity for the member to
3671:Jehovah's WitnessesâProclaimers of God's Kingdom
3284:Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock
3101:. Watch Tower Society. August 2024. p. 27.
3030:. Watch Tower Society. March 1, 1983. p. 3.
2865:Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock
2831:. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1992. p. 19.
2753:. Watch Tower Society. July 1, 1992. p. 16.
2738:. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1999. p. 14.
2687:. Vol. 2. Watch Tower Society. p. 969.
2654:Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock
2543:. Watch Tower Society. June 1, 1998. p. 19.
1920:Jehovah's WitnessesâProclaimers of God's Kingdom
1860:
1858:
1673:. Watch Tower Society. February 1991. p. 7.
1625:. Watch Tower Society. April 1, 2003. p. 1.
963:"brazen conduct" or "loose conduct", including:
908:Jehovah's Witnesses' handling of child sex abuse
822:warnings to members in non-judicial situations.
3508:. Watch Tower Society. May 1, 1998. p. 15.
3504:"The Challenge of Following in His Footsteps".
3399:. Watch Tower Society. 2014. pp. 207â208.
69:"Jehovah's Witnesses congregational discipline"
2734:""Gifts in Men" to Care for Jehovah's Sheep".
2435:. Watch Tower Society. 2015. pp. 148â149.
2011:
2009:
1818:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 161â163.
1767:. Watch Tower Society. August 2024. p. 7.
1501:. Watch Tower Society. 2014. pp. 142â143.
969:"spiritual" association with shunned relatives
3351:Pay Attention to Yourselves and all the Flock
2174:
2172:
2073:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 64, 69.
1833:. Watch Tower Society. March 1972. p. 4.
1748:. Watch Tower Society. 2015. pp. 134â6.
752:
8:
4009:Beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses
3517:
3515:
3225:
3223:
2389:"Singapore Tramples on Freedom of Worship".
2147:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 67â68.
2087:"You Must Be Holy Because Jehovah Is Holy".
1896:
1894:
1887:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 90â91.
1732:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. pp. 124â5.
1688:. Watch Tower Society. June 2005. p. 3.
786:and restriction of congregational duties to
3751:"Discipline That Can Yield Peaceable Fruit"
3650:
3648:
3646:
3489:"An Overseer Must Be ... Self-Controlled".
3375:. University of Toronto Press. p. 91.
3180:"Jealous for the Pure Worship of Jehovah".
3160:
3158:
3077:
3075:
3073:
2827:"Make Wise Use of Your Christian Freedom".
2572:"Will You Heed Jehovah's Clear Warnings?".
2275:
2273:
2271:
1530:"CharismaâPraise to Man or Glory to God?".
3373:The Orwellian World of Jehovah's Witnesses
3211:"Jehovah's Witnesses drop transfusion ban"
3011:. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 135.
2980:. Watch Tower Society. September 15, 1987.
2956:
2954:
2938:
2936:
2914:. University of Toronto Press. p. 89.
2696:
2694:
2139:
2137:
2019:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 116.
1654:"Father and ElderâFulfilling Both Roles".
904:Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions
759:
745:
700:
669:
453:
281:
165:
131:
3673:. Watch Tower Society. 1993. p. 232.
3621:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 121.
3586:. Watch Tower Society. pp. 109â110.
3558:. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 144.
3300:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 104.
2991:"Giving Reproof "Before All Onlookers"".
2764:"DisfellowshippingâA Loving Provision?".
2561:. Watch Tower Society. September 1, 2000.
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2425:
2423:
2374:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 71.
2212:You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth
2161:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 67.
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1940:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 71.
1922:. Watch Tower Society. pp. 182â184.
807:Congregation elders may offer counsel in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3828: (Supreme Court of Canada 2018).
3414:"How Can You Help a 'Prodigal' Child?".
3339:. Watch Tower Society. 2015. p. 98.
3136:. Watch Tower Society. 2014. p. 35.
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2714:
2712:
2182:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 65.
2130:. Watch Tower Society. 2021. p. 69.
2122:
2120:
2118:
2082:
2080:
1643:. Watch Tower Society. pp. 268â269.
3635:. Watch Tower Society. pp. 72â73.
2505:. Watch Tower Society. pp. 43â50.
1488:
966:association with shunned non-relatives,
848:Withheld recommendations or assignments
621:
592:
533:
456:
412:
367:
238:
200:
168:
143:
3314:
3165:"Always Accept Jehovah's Discipline".
2925:"How Wise Reprovers Aid Erring Ones".
1333:least five years after reinstatement.
56:Please improve this article by adding
2539:"Put Up a Hard Fight for the Faith".
2520:To All Circuit and District Overseers
1961:to exclude him from the congregation.
1545:"How Christian Shepherds Serve You".
7:
3353:. Watch Tower Society. p. 103.
3042:"Always Accept Jehovah's Discipline"
2779:"Jehovah's Sheep Need Tender Care".
2749:"Elders, Judge With Righteousness".
2616:Taylor, Jerome (27 September 2011).
2353:"When Marital Peace Is Threatened".
2214:. Watch Tower Society. p. 214.
3803:Washington University Law Quarterly
3572:. Watch Tower Society. p. 119.
3447:"DisfellowshipingâHow to View It".
3082:"DisfellowshipingâHow to View It".
2656:. Watch Tower Society. p. 111.
2301:. Watch Tower Society. p. 27.
2283:. Watch Tower Society. p. 84.
2245:. Watch Tower Society. p. 10.
2196:. Watch Tower Society. p. 63.
2055:. Watch Tower Society. p. 22.
1904:. Watch Tower Society. p. 29.
1407:Washington University Law Quarterly
1034:celebrating religious and national
2943:"Repentance Leading Back to God".
2260:"Speak Truth With Your Neighbor".
2231:. Watch Tower Society. p. 26.
2108:. Watch Tower Society. p. 8.
1404:In a review of the case, the 1988
898:Discipline involving "serious sin"
25:
3655:"Helping Others to Worship God".
2316:"Adjust the Bible to Polygamy?".
1560:"Let Discernment Safeguard You".
831:direction of the body of elders.
3978:"Jehovas vitner saksĂžker staten"
2882:. Commentary Press. p. 321.
1473:Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses
1273:
950:or other prohibited celebrations
151:
34:
3924:"NĂ„dde ikke frem i HĂžyesterett"
3838:Chini, Maïthé (16 March 2021).
3799:, 819 F.2d 875 (9th Cir. 1987)"
3775:. June 29, 1987. Archived from
2897:. Welch Publishing. p. 71.
2377:would call for judicial action.
1513:"Do You Accept Jehovah's Help?"
946:encouraging the celebration of
3686:In Search Of Christian Freedom
3556:Organized to Do Jehovah's Will
3008:Organized to Do Jehovah's Will
2880:In Search of Christian Freedom
2642:. October 2, 2011. p. 39.
2432:Organized to Do Jehovah's Will
1745:Organized to do Jehovah's will
1088:physical uncleanness (extreme)
1:
3769:"Religion: The Right to Shun"
3467:2024 Governing Body update #2
3397:Keep Yourselves in God's Love
3147:"You May Gain Your Brother".
3134:Keep Yourselves in God's Love
2524:Franz, Raymond (1983). "11".
1498:Keep Yourselves in God's Love
1478:Jehovah's Witnesses practices
1300:removal from the congregation
1107:refusal to provide for family
58:secondary or tertiary sources
3264:"Do You Hate Lawlessness?".
2846:. Watch Tower Society. 2021.
4019:Disengagement from religion
3633:Circuit Overseer Guidelines
3600:"Imitate Jehovah's Mercy".
3062:"How Baptism Can Save Us".
2893:Beverley, James A. (1986).
2667:"Why Report What Is Bad?".
2408:"Help for Battered Women".
1453:Disconnection (Scientology)
1321:, and are described by the
324:Faithful and discreet slave
4035:
3522:"A Step on the Way Back".
3337:Branch Organization Manual
3245:"Questions From Readers".
3230:"Questions From Readers".
2595:. Routledge. p. 163.
2555:"Show a Waiting Attitude!"
2483:"Questions From Readers".
2334:"Questions From Readers".
2034:"Prevention in the Home".
1998:"Questions From Readers".
1954:"Questions From Readers".
1844:"Questions From Readers".
1778:"Questions From Readers".
1763:"Questions From Readers".
1714:"Questions From Readers".
1699:"Questions From Readers".
901:
3793:Ptasiewicz, Seth (1988).
3740: (9th Cir. 1987).
3692:Insight on the Scriptures
3619:Shepherd the Flock of God
3584:Correspondence Guidelines
3570:Shepherd the Flock of God
3298:Shepherd the Flock of God
3286:. 1991. pp. 121â122.
2867:. 1991. pp. 110â120.
2844:Shepherd the Flock of God
2701:"A Time to SpeakâWhen?".
2684:Insight on the Scriptures
2503:Correspondence Guidelines
2372:Shepherd the Flock of God
2299:Correspondence Guidelines
2281:Correspondence Guidelines
2243:Correspondence Guidelines
2229:Correspondence Guidelines
2194:Correspondence Guidelines
2180:Shepherd the Flock of God
2159:Shepherd the Flock of God
2145:Shepherd the Flock of God
2128:Shepherd the Flock of God
2106:Correspondence Guidelines
2071:Shepherd the Flock of God
2053:Correspondence Guidelines
2017:Shepherd the Flock of God
1981:Shepherd the Flock of God
1938:Shepherd the Flock of God
1902:Correspondence Guidelines
1885:Shepherd the Flock of God
1865:"Honor Godly Marriage!".
1816:Shepherd the Flock of God
1730:Shepherd the Flock of God
1603:"Are You Reaching Out?".
1468:Church membership council
1228:'non-judicial' situations
1129:, antigovernment activity
776:congregational discipline
774:employ various levels of
3826: 1 SCR 750 37273
3537:"Safeguard Your Heart".
2910:M. James Penton (1997).
2795:"Questions From Readers"
1983:. 2021. pp. 60â61.
1798:"Questions From Readers"
676:Handling child sex abuse
334:Memorial of Jesus' Death
170:Organizational structure
3707:Franz, Raymond (2004).
3684:Franz, Raymond (2007).
2587:Holden, Andrew (2002).
1433:Supreme Court of Norway
1421:Supreme Court of Canada
1226:; repercussions as for
1220:Minor or newly baptized
681:Unfulfilled predictions
231:Unfulfilled predictions
3901:European News Exchange
3321:: CS1 maint: others (
2878:Raymond Franz (2007).
1417:
1402:
1387:In the June 1987 case
869:, critical, or dirty,
594:Notable former members
458:Watch Tower presidents
211:Bible Student movement
45:relies excessively on
1640:Draw Close To Jehovah
1419:On May 31, 2018, the
1412:
1397:
1354:Unbaptized publishers
1230:may still be imposed.
835:Withheld "privileges"
399:New World Translation
226:Doctrinal development
3779:on October 8, 2008.
3738:819 F.2d 875
3709:Crisis of Conscience
3434:Our Kingdom Ministry
3028:Our Kingdom Ministry
2895:Crisis of Allegiance
2526:Crisis of Conscience
1686:Our Kingdom Ministry
1671:Our Kingdom Ministry
1623:Our Kingdom Ministry
1621:"Make Room for It".
1092:political activities
798:Counsel and guidance
534:Formative influences
3688:. pp. 374â390.
2721:Our Kingdom Service
1323:Watch Tower Society
1165:Judicial situations
772:Jehovah's Witnesses
724:Supreme Court cases
145:Jehovah's Witnesses
3845:The Brussels Times
3367:Botting, Heather;
3317:cite press release
2912:Apocalypse Delayed
1247:Judicial committee
976:child sexual abuse
954:blood transfusions
216:Leadership dispute
4014:Church discipline
3872:La Libre Belgique
3026:"Announcements".
2640:Sunday Herald Sun
1684:"Announcements".
1669:"Announcements".
1294:) and subsequent
1240:Judicial abeyance
1174:, which includes
826:Shepherding calls
790:, which includes
769:
768:
734:
733:
688:
687:
655:
654:
630:George Chryssides
439:
438:
256:
255:
187:and Tract Society
185:Watch Tower Bible
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4026:
3994:
3993:
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3974:
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3123:
3120:Kingdom Ministry
3112:
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2818:
2817:
2814:Kingdom Ministry
2812:"Question Box".
2809:
2803:
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2013:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:may be in order.
1898:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:Kingdom Ministry
1829:"Question Box".
1826:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1463:Silent treatment
1170:may escalate to
803:Personal counsel
761:
754:
747:
701:
670:
622:Notable scholars
486:J. F. Rutherford
454:
282:
166:
155:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Disfellowshipped
4034:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4023:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3894:Fautre, Willy.
3893:
3892:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2851:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2622:The Independent
2615:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2396:excommunicated.
2388:
2387:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1441:
1385:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:midweek meeting
1292:excommunication
1288:
1266:
1249:
1205:
1172:excommunication
1167:
1162:
910:
900:
888:midweek meeting
884:
858:
850:
837:
828:
805:
800:
788:excommunication
765:
736:
735:
728:
725:
719:
715:in Nazi Germany
698:
690:
689:
667:
657:
656:
649:
615:
586:
570:
554:
527:
511:
495:
479:
451:
441:
440:
433:
394:
361:
338:
318:
300:
279:
278:
258:
257:
221:Splinter groups
189:
186:
163:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
55:
51:primary sources
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4032:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3984:(in Norwegian)
3969:
3958:(in Norwegian)
3943:
3932:(in Norwegian)
3915:
3886:
3858:
3830:
3812:
3785:
3760:
3755:The Watchtower
3742:
3724:
3717:
3696:
3676:
3662:
3657:The Watchtower
3642:
3624:
3610:
3602:The Watchtower
3592:
3575:
3561:
3547:
3529:
3524:The Watchtower
3511:
3506:The Watchtower
3496:
3491:The Watchtower
3481:
3457:
3449:The Watchtower
3439:
3421:
3416:The Watchtower
3406:
3388:
3381:
3359:
3342:
3328:
3303:
3289:
3275:
3266:The Watchtower
3256:
3247:The Watchtower
3237:
3232:The Watchtower
3219:
3202:
3187:
3182:The Watchtower
3172:
3167:The Watchtower
3154:
3149:The Watchtower
3139:
3125:
3116:"Question Box"
3107:
3099:The Watchtower
3089:
3084:The Watchtower
3069:
3064:The Watchtower
3054:
3046:The Watchtower
3033:
3018:
2998:
2993:The Watchtower
2983:
2978:The Watchtower
2968:
2963:The Watchtower
2950:
2945:The Watchtower
2932:
2927:The Watchtower
2917:
2902:
2885:
2870:
2849:
2834:
2829:The Watchtower
2819:
2804:
2799:The Watchtower
2786:
2781:The Watchtower
2771:
2766:The Watchtower
2756:
2751:The Watchtower
2741:
2736:The Watchtower
2726:
2708:
2703:The Watchtower
2690:
2674:
2669:The Watchtower
2659:
2645:
2627:
2608:
2601:
2579:
2574:The Watchtower
2564:
2559:The Watchtower
2546:
2541:The Watchtower
2531:
2512:
2494:
2485:The Watchtower
2475:
2438:
2419:
2400:
2391:The Watchtower
2381:
2363:
2355:The Watchtower
2345:
2336:The Watchtower
2326:
2318:The Watchtower
2308:
2290:
2267:
2262:The Watchtower
2252:
2234:
2220:
2203:
2185:
2168:
2150:
2133:
2114:
2097:
2089:The Watchtower
2076:
2062:
2044:
2026:
2005:
2000:The Watchtower
1990:
1965:
1956:The Watchtower
1946:
1929:
1911:
1890:
1876:
1867:The Watchtower
1854:
1846:The Watchtower
1836:
1821:
1807:
1802:The Watchtower
1789:
1780:The Watchtower
1770:
1765:The Watchtower
1755:
1735:
1721:
1716:The Watchtower
1706:
1701:The Watchtower
1691:
1676:
1661:
1656:The Watchtower
1646:
1630:
1613:
1605:The Watchtower
1595:
1571:
1562:The Watchtower
1552:
1547:The Watchtower
1537:
1532:The Watchtower
1522:
1517:The Watchtower
1504:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1384:
1381:
1368:
1365:
1355:
1352:
1342:
1339:
1325:as "lawless".
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1287:
1284:
1265:
1262:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1204:
1201:
1195:The Watchtower
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
983:
982:
981:
978:
973:
970:
967:
961:
956:
951:
944:
939:
934:
925:
920:
914:
899:
896:
883:
880:
857:
854:
849:
846:
836:
833:
827:
824:
804:
801:
799:
796:
767:
766:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
738:
737:
732:
731:
730:
729:
722:
720:
718:
717:
712:
706:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
686:
685:
684:
683:
678:
668:
663:
662:
659:
658:
653:
652:
651:
650:
648:
647:
642:
636:
633:
632:
624:
623:
619:
618:
617:
616:
614:
613:
608:
602:
597:
596:
590:
589:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
573:
571:
569:
568:
563:
557:
555:
553:
552:
547:
545:William Miller
541:
536:
535:
531:
530:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
514:
512:
510:
509:
507:M. G. Henschel
504:
498:
496:
494:
493:
488:
482:
480:
478:
477:
472:
466:
461:
460:
452:
447:
446:
443:
442:
437:
436:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
420:
415:
414:
410:
409:
408:
407:
402:
395:
393:
392:
385:
382:The Watchtower
377:
372:
371:
365:
364:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
349:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
330:
327:
326:
320:
319:
317:
316:
311:
305:
302:
301:
299:
298:
293:
287:
280:
277:
276:
271:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
253:
252:
251:
243:
242:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
205:
204:
198:
197:
196:
195:
190:
183:
181:
179:Governing Body
173:
172:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
148:
147:
141:
140:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4031:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3809:(4): 807â818.
3808:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3718:0-914675-24-9
3714:
3710:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3680:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3482:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3384:
3382:0-8020-6545-7
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:Botting, Gary
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3307:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2602:0-415-26609-2
2598:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:congregation.
2411:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
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1377:Raymond Franz
1375:According to
1373:
1367:Critical view
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1341:Reinstatement
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1190:Raymond Franz
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577:N. H. Barbour
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566:George Storrs
564:
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561:G. W. Stetson
559:
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3986:. Retrieved
3981:
3972:
3960:. Retrieved
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3934:. Retrieved
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3906:. Retrieved
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3877:. Retrieved
3870:
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3849:. Retrieved
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3777:the original
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2462:. Retrieved
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1587:. Retrieved
1583:
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1233:
1224:overdrinking
1219:
1214:
1210:
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1193:
1187:
1180:
1168:
1144:verbal abuse
1077:joining the
1073:manslaughter
911:
892:Kingdom Hall
885:
874:
859:
851:
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829:
818:
817:
806:
783:
781:
770:
640:James Penton
470:W. H. Conley
424:Kingdom Hall
405:Bibliography
397:
387:
380:
351:
240:Demographics
193:Corporations
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
44:
3988:24 February
3962:24 February
3936:24 February
3908:24 February
3904:(in French)
3879:24 February
3875:(in French)
1448:(2017 film)
1275:local needs
1137:the use of
1103:pornography
1010:fornication
1000:drunkenness
882:Local needs
710:Persecution
611:O. R. Moyle
606:R. V. Franz
582:J. N. Darby
518:D. A. Adams
502:F. W. Franz
491:N. H. Knorr
314:Eschatology
4003:Categories
2464:29 January
2304:necessary.
1925:Witnesses.
1589:2023-10-05
1584:wol.jw.org
1484:References
1410:remarked:
1359:ministry.
1234:Repentance
1203:Procedures
1183:employment
1127:subversive
1111:remarriage
1062:interfaith
1041:homosexual
995:drug abuse
942:bestiality
902:See also:
809:privileged
726:by country
697:Opposition
550:Henry Grew
369:Literature
352:Discipline
291:God's name
249:By country
110:April 2024
80:newspapers
47:references
3474:April 11,
3252:anymore."
2022:decision.
1785:brothers.
1751:improper.
1458:Ostracism
1158:elections
1122:spiritism
1101:hardcore
1047:hypnotism
1005:extortion
990:phone sex
948:birthdays
665:Criticism
309:Salvation
274:Practices
3371:(1984).
2248:prayers.
1446:Apostasy
1439:See also
1383:Legality
1296:shunning
1286:Shunning
1176:shunning
1149:violence
1097:polygamy
1079:military
1064:activity
1052:idolatry
1043:activity
1036:holidays
1025:gluttony
1020:gambling
986:cybersex
937:apostasy
932:oral sex
923:adultery
918:abortion
871:meddling
792:shunning
645:Zoe Knox
162:Overview
137:a series
135:Part of
2058:action.
1628:School.
1269:Reproof
1264:Reproof
1139:tobacco
1117:slander
875:marking
856:Marking
819:Counsel
813:confess
784:reproof
296:144,000
269:Beliefs
202:History
94:scholar
3851:5 June
3824:,
3736:,
3715:
3539:Awake!
3379:
3197:Awake!
2842:"12".
2599:
2458:JW.ORG
2410:Awake!
2036:Awake!
1391:, the
1154:voting
1084:murder
1057:incest
959:boxing
863:dating
449:People
413:Places
389:Awake!
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2164:food.
1133:theft
1068:lying
1030:greed
1015:fraud
357:Hymns
347:Blood
101:JSTOR
87:books
3990:2023
3964:2023
3938:2023
3910:2023
3881:2023
3853:2022
3773:Time
3713:ISBN
3476:2024
3377:ISBN
3323:link
2597:ISBN
2466:2017
928:anal
906:and
867:lazy
73:news
3982:NKR
3956:NKR
3929:NRK
988:or
930:or
49:to
4005::
3980:.
3954:.
3926:.
3898:.
3869:.
3842:.
3807:66
3805:.
3801:.
3771:.
3753:.
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3645:^
3514:^
3432:.
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2638:.
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2557:.
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2441:^
2422:^
2270:^
2171:^
2136:^
2117:^
2079:^
2008:^
1968:^
1893:^
1857:^
1800:.
1582:.
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139:on
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3992:.
3966:.
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760:e
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117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
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20:)
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