66:. Galactic discs consist of a stellar component (composed of most of the galaxy's stars) and a gaseous component (mostly composed of cool gas and dust). The stellar population of galactic discs tend to exhibit very little random motion with most of its stars undergoing nearly circular orbits about the galactic center. Discs can be fairly thin because the disc material's motion lies predominantly on the plane of the disc (very little vertical motion). The Milky Way's disc, for example, is approximately 1 kly thick, but thickness can vary for discs in other galaxies.
517:) that atomic hydrogen is distributed fairly uniformly throughout the disc. 21 cm emission by HI also reveals that the gaseous component can flare out at the outer regions of the galaxy. The abundance of molecular hydrogen makes it a great candidate to help trace the dynamics within the disc. Like the stars within the disc, clumps or clouds of gas follow approximately circular orbits about the galactic center. The circular velocity of the gas in the disc is strongly correlated with the luminosity of the galaxy (see
31:
2022:
2034:
2074:
2098:
2086:
2062:
553:
has a scale height of 1.5 kpc. Although stars move primarily within the disc, they exhibit a random enough motion in the direction perpendicular to the disc to result in various scale heights for the different disc components. Stars in the MW's thin disc tend to have higher metallicities compared to
512:
Most of a disc galaxy's gas lies within the disc. Both cool atomic hydrogen (HI) and warm molecular hydrogen (HII) make up most of the disc's gaseous component. This gas serves as the fuel for the formation of new stars in the disc. Although the distribution of gas in the disc is not as well-defined
238:(≈2.7) less bright than it is at its center. Due to the diversity in the shapes and sizes of galaxies, not all galactic discs follow this simple exponential form in their brightness profiles. Some galaxies have been found to have discs with profiles that become truncated in the outermost regions.
944:
Leroy, Adam K.; Walter, Fabian; Brinks, Elias; Bigiel, Frank; de Blok, W. J. G.; Madore, Barry; Thornley, M. D. (2008-11-19). "The Star
Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where Gas Forms Stars Effectively".
704:
Trujillo, Ignacio; Martinez-Valpuesta, Inma; Martínez-Delgado, David; Peñarrubia, Jorge; Gabany, R. Jay; Pohlen, Michael (2009). "Unveiling the Nature of M94's (NGC4736) Outer Region: A Panchromatic
Perspective".
430:
477:
is the scale height. Although exponential profiles serve as a useful first approximations, vertical surface brightness profiles can also be more complicated. For example, the scale height
475:
176:
545:
is a region in which star formation is taking place and contains the MW's youngest stars and most of its gas and dust. The scale height of this component is roughly 100 pc. The
604:
246:
When viewed edge-on, the vertical surface brightness profiles of galactic discs follow a very similar exponential profile that is proportional to the disc's radial profile:
578:
610:). These distinct ages and metallicities in the different stellar components of the disc point to a strong relationship between the metallicities and ages of stars.
1844:
502:
232:
205:
1891:
1541:
834:
Erwin, Peter; Pohlen, Michael; Beckman, John E. (2008-01-01). "The Outer Disks of Early-Type
Galaxies. I. Surface-Brightness Profiles of Barred Galaxies".
1006:
Wouterloot, J. G. A.; Brand, J.; Burton, W. B.; Kwee, K. K. (1990). "IRAS sources beyond the solar circle. II – Distribution in the
Galactic warp".
813:
647:
251:
1274:
1957:
1876:
907:
de Grijs, R.; Peletier, R. F. (1997-02-25). "The shape of galaxy disks: how the scale height increases with galactocentric distance".
680:
1216:
1183:
1150:
1257:
1962:
100:
1689:
1859:
580:) and are referred to as population I (pop I) stars while the stars that populate the thick disc are more metal-poor (
529:
Three stellar components with varying scale heights can be distinguished within the disc of the Milky Way (MW): the
2052:
1977:
1932:
1740:
1329:
1324:
1297:
518:
1658:
235:
554:
the stars in the thick disc. The metal-rich stars in the thin disc have metallicities close to that of the sun (
1942:
1854:
1849:
1755:
1651:
1609:
1319:
1292:
1937:
1922:
1869:
1528:
1516:
1511:
1425:
1390:
1361:
1351:
437:
1440:
1339:
759:
1967:
1864:
1566:
95:
of the galactic disc of a typical disc galaxy (viewed face-on) roughly follows an exponential function:
1997:
1947:
1782:
1694:
1430:
1314:
1250:
1099:
1050:
1015:
964:
926:
853:
781:
724:
80:
643:
583:
92:
2102:
1760:
1668:
1599:
1491:
1366:
557:
2033:
2090:
2078:
1992:
1987:
1972:
1927:
1896:
1881:
1799:
1767:
1604:
1556:
1546:
1123:
1089:
988:
954:
916:
877:
843:
805:
771:
740:
714:
607:
2118:
2025:
2007:
1982:
1952:
1831:
1673:
1663:
1646:
1578:
1407:
1373:
1334:
1287:
1222:
1212:
1189:
1179:
1156:
1146:
1115:
1077:
1058:
1023:
980:
869:
797:
686:
676:
521:). This relationship becomes stronger when the stellar mass is also taken into consideration.
63:
2037:
1839:
1814:
1794:
1789:
1777:
1631:
1452:
1385:
1107:
1054:
1019:
972:
930:
861:
789:
785:
732:
30:
480:
210:
183:
1886:
1809:
1501:
1474:
1445:
1397:
1243:
35:
1041:
Tully, R. B.; Fisher, J. R. (1977). "A new method of determining distances to galaxies".
1103:
968:
857:
728:
1750:
1583:
1486:
1481:
1435:
1378:
976:
504:, although assumed to be a constant above, can in some cases increase with the radius.
234:
is the scale length. The scale length is the radius at which the galaxy is a factor of
736:
2112:
1906:
1772:
1735:
1506:
1469:
1309:
1304:
1111:
865:
514:
55:
1127:
1078:"The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation of Gas-Rich Galaxies As a Test of ΛCDM and MOND"
992:
744:
2066:
1901:
1804:
1745:
1730:
1636:
1561:
1356:
1346:
881:
809:
668:
793:
2002:
1819:
1709:
1699:
1496:
1462:
1402:
1282:
51:
1704:
1641:
619:
1226:
1193:
1160:
1119:
1062:
1027:
984:
873:
801:
1714:
690:
624:
59:
921:
776:
79:
Galactic discs have surface brightness profiles that very closely follow
17:
1551:
1536:
1266:
675:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 199.
2061:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1571:
1094:
959:
848:
719:
29:
1239:
513:
as the stellar component's distribution it is understood (from
1143:
Extragalactic astronomy and cosmology : an introduction
1235:
606:) and are referred to as population II (pop II) stars (see
1209:
Extragalactic astronomy and cosmology: an introduction
1176:
Extragalactic astronomy and cosmology: an introduction
425:{\displaystyle I(R,z)=I(R)\exp \left=I_{0}\exp \left,}
2050:
586:
560:
549:
has a scale height of approximately 325 pc while the
483:
440:
254:
213:
186:
103:
1915:
1830:
1723:
1682:
1592:
1527:
1418:
1273:
27:
Component of disc galaxies comprising gas and stars
598:
572:
496:
469:
424:
226:
199:
170:
894:
673:Galaxies in the universe : an introduction
1892:List of the most distant astronomical objects
1251:
8:
393:
387:
311:
305:
83:in both the radial and vertical directions.
1258:
1244:
1236:
1093:
958:
920:
847:
775:
718:
585:
559:
488:
482:
461:
445:
439:
401:
384:
373:
364:
339:
319:
302:
253:
218:
212:
191:
185:
152:
143:
139:
123:
102:
38:(NGC 253) is an example of a disc galaxy
2057:
758:Pohlen, M.; Trujillo, I. (2006-07-17).
635:
207:is the galaxy's central brightness and
75:Exponential surface brightness profiles
470:{\displaystyle h_{z}\approx 0.1h_{R}}
171:{\displaystyle I(R)=I_{0}\exp \left,}
7:
25:
760:"The structure of galactic disks"
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2032:
2021:
2020:
1211:. Berlin: Springer. p. 58.
1178:. Berlin: Springer. p. 56.
1145:. Berlin: Springer. p. 55.
1076:McGaugh, Stacy S. (2012-01-12).
816:from the original on 2020-08-31
650:from the original on 2023-03-06
525:Structure of the Milky Way disc
1963:Galaxy formation and evolution
1958:Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
599:{\displaystyle Z\approx 0.001}
285:
279:
270:
258:
113:
107:
1:
895:Sparke & Gallagher (2007)
671:; Gallagher, John S. (2007).
573:{\displaystyle Z\approx 0.02}
977:10.1088/0004-6256/136/6/2782
764:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1845:Galaxies named after people
737:10.1088/0004-637X/704/1/618
2135:
1978:Gravitational microlensing
1933:Galactic coordinate system
1112:10.1088/0004-6256/143/2/40
1043:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1008:Astronomy and Astrophysics
909:Astronomy and Astrophysics
866:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/20
794:10.1051/0004-6361:20064883
2016:
707:The Astrophysical Journal
1943:Galactic magnetic fields
1756:Brightest cluster galaxy
1652:Luminous infrared galaxy
1082:The Astronomical Journal
947:The Astronomical Journal
836:The Astronomical Journal
1938:Galactic habitable zone
1923:Extragalactic astronomy
1512:Supermassive black hole
1426:Active galactic nucleus
1055:1977A&A....54..661T
1020:1990A&A...230...21W
931:1997A&A...320L..21D
786:2006A&A...454..759P
91:The surface brightness
1690:Low surface brightness
1441:Central massive object
1207:Schneider, P. (2006).
1174:Schneider, P. (2006).
1141:Schneider, P. (2006).
600:
574:
498:
471:
426:
228:
201:
172:
39:
1968:Galaxy rotation curve
669:Sparke, Linda Siobhan
601:
575:
519:Tully–Fisher relation
499:
497:{\displaystyle h_{z}}
472:
427:
229:
227:{\displaystyle h_{R}}
202:
200:{\displaystyle I_{0}}
173:
81:exponential functions
33:
2003:Population III stars
1998:Intergalactic travel
1948:Galactic orientation
1815:Voids and supervoids
584:
558:
481:
438:
252:
211:
184:
101:
50:) is a component of
1993:Intergalactic stars
1882:Large quasar groups
1877:Groups and clusters
1741:Groups and clusters
1600:Lyman-alpha emitter
1492:Interstellar medium
1104:2012AJ....143...40M
969:2008AJ....136.2782L
897:, pp. 201–202.
858:2008AJ....135...20E
729:2009ApJ...704..618T
64:lenticular galaxies
1988:Intergalactic dust
1973:Gravitational lens
1928:Galactic astronomy
1897:Starburst galaxies
1637:blue compact dwarf
1593:Energetic galaxies
1557:BL Lacertae object
608:stellar population
596:
570:
494:
467:
422:
224:
197:
168:
40:
2048:
2047:
2008:Galaxy X (galaxy)
1983:Illustris project
1953:Galactic quadrant
1674:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
1664:Green bean galaxy
1659:Hot dust-obscured
1610:Luminous infrared
1374:Elliptical galaxy
508:Gaseous component
407:
379:
325:
158:
70:Stellar component
16:(Redirected from
2126:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2056:
2036:
2024:
2023:
1669:Hanny's Voorwerp
1579:Relativistic jet
1453:Dark matter halo
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1097:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1003:
997:
996:
962:
953:(6): 2782–2845.
941:
935:
934:
924:
922:astro-ph/9702215
904:
898:
892:
886:
885:
851:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
779:
777:astro-ph/0603682
755:
749:
748:
722:
701:
695:
694:
665:
659:
658:
656:
655:
640:
605:
603:
602:
597:
579:
577:
576:
571:
503:
501:
500:
495:
493:
492:
476:
474:
473:
468:
466:
465:
450:
449:
431:
429:
428:
423:
418:
414:
413:
409:
408:
406:
405:
396:
385:
380:
378:
377:
365:
344:
343:
331:
327:
326:
324:
323:
314:
303:
242:Vertical profile
233:
231:
230:
225:
223:
222:
206:
204:
203:
198:
196:
195:
177:
175:
174:
169:
164:
160:
159:
157:
156:
144:
128:
127:
21:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2012:
1911:
1826:
1719:
1678:
1588:
1523:
1502:Galaxy filament
1446:Galactic Center
1414:
1269:
1264:
1234:
1219:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1005:
1004:
1000:
943:
942:
938:
906:
905:
901:
893:
889:
833:
832:
828:
819:
817:
757:
756:
752:
703:
702:
698:
683:
667:
666:
662:
653:
651:
642:
641:
637:
633:
616:
582:
581:
556:
555:
543:young thin disc
531:young thin disc
527:
510:
484:
479:
478:
457:
441:
436:
435:
397:
386:
369:
363:
359:
355:
351:
335:
315:
304:
298:
294:
250:
249:
244:
214:
209:
208:
187:
182:
181:
148:
135:
119:
99:
98:
89:
77:
72:
56:spiral galaxies
36:Sculptor Galaxy
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Stellar stream
1797:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1487:Galactic ridge
1484:
1482:Galactic plane
1479:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1217:
1199:
1184:
1166:
1151:
1133:
1068:
1033:
998:
936:
899:
887:
826:
770:(3): 759–772.
750:
713:(1): 618–628.
696:
682:978-0521855938
681:
660:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
622:
615:
612:
595:
592:
589:
569:
566:
563:
526:
523:
509:
506:
491:
487:
464:
460:
456:
453:
448:
444:
421:
417:
412:
404:
400:
395:
392:
389:
383:
376:
372:
368:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
322:
318:
313:
310:
307:
301:
297:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
243:
240:
221:
217:
194:
190:
167:
163:
155:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
131:
126:
122:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
93:radial profile
88:
87:Radial profile
85:
76:
73:
71:
68:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2131:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Superclusters
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Superclusters
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Galactic tide
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Ultra diffuse
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1529:Active nuclei
1526:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
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547:old thin disc
544:
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535:old thin disc
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515:21cm emission
507:
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52:disc galaxies
49:
48:galactic disk
45:
44:galactic disc
37:
32:
19:
2103:Solar System
2038:
2026:
1761:fossil group
1683:Low activity
1517:Ultramassive
1457:
1347:Dwarf galaxy
1330:intermediate
1325:grand design
1208:
1202:
1175:
1169:
1142:
1136:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1046:
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1001:
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946:
939:
912:
908:
902:
890:
842:(1): 20–54.
839:
835:
829:
818:. Retrieved
767:
763:
753:
710:
706:
699:
672:
663:
652:. Retrieved
638:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
528:
511:
433:
248:
245:
179:
97:
90:
78:
47:
43:
41:
2091:Outer space
2079:Spaceflight
1820:void galaxy
1783:cannibalism
1768:Interacting
1724:Interaction
1710:Blue Nugget
1700:Dark galaxy
1605:Lyman-break
1497:Protogalaxy
1463:Disc galaxy
1860:Polar-ring
1705:Red nugget
1647:faint blue
1507:Spiral arm
1362:spheroidal
1352:elliptical
1335:Magellanic
1320:flocculent
1288:Lenticular
1275:Morphology
820:2018-06-14
654:2021-11-30
631:References
620:Thick disk
551:thick disc
539:thick disc
537:, and the
54:, such as
1795:Satellite
1790:Jellyfish
1778:collision
1715:Dead disk
1632:Starburst
1547:Markarian
1419:Structure
1386:Irregular
1357:irregular
1227:262687285
1194:262687285
1161:262687285
1120:0004-6256
1095:1107.2934
1088:(2): 40.
1063:0004-6361
1028:0004-6361
985:0004-6256
960:0810.2556
874:0004-6256
849:0709.3505
802:0004-6361
720:0907.4884
625:Thin disk
591:≈
565:≈
452:≈
357:−
349:
300:−
292:
141:−
133:
60:Milky Way
58:like the
18:Disk star
2119:Galaxies
2113:Category
2027:Category
1916:See also
1840:Galaxies
1567:X-shaped
1398:Peculiar
1340:unbarred
1298:unbarred
1267:Galaxies
1128:38472632
993:13975982
814:Archived
745:16368604
691:74967110
648:Archived
614:See also
2053:Portals
1887:Quasars
1855:Nearest
1850:Largest
1751:cluster
1584:Seyfert
1100:Bibcode
1051:Bibcode
1049:: 105.
1016:Bibcode
965:Bibcode
927:Bibcode
882:6433626
854:Bibcode
810:5400689
782:Bibcode
725:Bibcode
644:"Scale"
2039:Portal
1870:Spiral
1773:merger
1552:Quasar
1537:Blazar
1475:corona
1391:barred
1367:spiral
1315:barred
1310:anemic
1305:Spiral
1293:barred
1225:
1215:
1192:
1182:
1159:
1149:
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1118:
1061:
1026:
1014:: 21.
991:
983:
880:
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808:
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689:
679:
541:. The
533:, the
434:where
180:where
2067:Stars
1907:Voids
1832:Lists
1810:Walls
1746:group
1731:Field
1625:ELIRG
1620:HLIRG
1615:ULIRG
1572:DRAGN
1562:Radio
1542:LINER
1436:Bulge
1408:Polar
1124:S2CID
1090:arXiv
989:S2CID
955:arXiv
917:arXiv
878:S2CID
844:arXiv
806:S2CID
772:arXiv
741:S2CID
715:arXiv
594:0.001
1865:Ring
1470:Halo
1458:Disc
1403:Ring
1283:Disc
1223:OCLC
1213:ISBN
1190:OCLC
1180:ISBN
1157:OCLC
1147:ISBN
1116:ISSN
1059:ISSN
1024:ISSN
981:ISSN
870:ISSN
798:ISSN
687:OCLC
677:ISBN
568:0.02
62:and
46:(or
34:The
1642:pea
1431:Bar
1108:doi
1086:143
1012:230
973:doi
951:136
913:320
862:doi
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790:doi
768:454
733:doi
711:704
455:0.1
346:exp
289:exp
130:exp
2115::
1379:cD
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