40:
1452:
234:
of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and extending the effects of alcohol and reducing its toxicity. As such, they can be thought of as converses of disulfiram-like drugs. Fomepizole is used medically as an
576:
succinate may be reduced by alcohol consumption. Other effects of alcohol on antibiotic activity include altered activity of the liver enzymes that break down the antibiotic compound.
512:
A number of drugs do not cause disulfiram-like reactions, but have other unintended interactions with alcoholic drinks. For example, alcohol interferes with the efficacy of
1246:
Workowski, Kimberly A; Bachmann, Laura H; Chan, Philip A; Johnston, Christine M; Muzny, Christina A; Park, Ina; Reno, Hilary; Zenilman, Jonathan M; Bolan, Gail A (2021).
1870:
1228:
1484:
1145:
211:. Many disulfiram-like drugs act as inhibitors of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase similarly to disulfiram. However, some do not act via inhibition of this
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758:
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680:
2157:
1963:
1900:
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706:
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1856:
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1470:
584:
Natural compounds and species which have been found to cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol include:
2333:
2392:
2307:
2172:
2152:
2084:
1895:
993:
Mergenhagen, Kari A.; Wattengel, Bethany A.; Skelly, Megan K.; Clark, Collin M.; Russo, Thomas A. (21 February 2020).
2286:
1609:
569:
189:
83:
1108:
1778:
604:
1919:
1879:
165:
63:
Alcohol sensitizers; Alcohol-sensitizing agents; Alcohol-deterrent drugs; Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
572:, which may result in vomiting, nausea, and shortness of breath. In addition, the efficacy of doxycycline and
2147:
1149:
2211:
2187:
2182:
2167:
2094:
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1914:
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1905:
306:
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these with a methylthiotetrazole side chain or a methylthiodioxotriazine ring; thought to be due to common
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2345:
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2197:
1718:
1404:"Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition generates a reactive dopamine metabolite autotoxic to dopamine neurons"
610:
595:
482:
121:
2162:
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223:
160:
2142:
2079:
288:
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an unintended effect include:
1978:
921:
Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the
Clinical Laboratory: An Overview for Healthcare and Safety Professionals
2337:
2291:
2177:
1494:
684:
263:
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an intended effect include:
203:. A variety of other drugs cause disulfiram-like reactions upon consumption of alcohol as unintended
2192:
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1968:
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1042:
Kitson TM (1987). "The effect of cephalosporin antibiotics on alcohol metabolism: a review".
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2013:
1998:
1198:
995:"Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions"
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781:
Fraser AG (1997). "Pharmacokinetic interactions between alcohol and other drugs".
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Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other disulfiram-like drugs,
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58:
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212:
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List of agents previously thought to cause disulfiram-like reactions
568:-like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by
2226:
2018:
1993:
2109:
2008:
1353:"Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis"
750:
Rosen's
Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice E-Book
623:
380:
315:, which is similar in structure to disulfiram. Such drugs include
844:"Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites"
2023:
1852:
1466:
1297:"Er det virkelig farlig å kombinere metronidazol og alkohol?"
1229:"Herbal Approaches to Alcohol Dependence: Evidence and Risks"
1248:"Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021"
1174:
Poisonous
Mushrooms of the Northern United States and Canada
148:
among others. These effects are caused by accumulation of
1402:
Doorn JA, Florang VR, Schamp JH, Vanle BC (January 2014).
1351:
Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L (August 2019).
747:
John Marx; Ron Walls; Robert
Hockberger (1 August 2013).
951:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 399–.
897:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 175–.
1204:
Handbook of
Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment
2300:
2133:
2070:
1886:
1777:
1671:
1561:
1506:
1295:Fjeld, Hilde; Raknes, Guttorm (16 September 2014).
825:
90:
77:
67:
57:
52:
23:
1572:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
891:Helmut K. Seitz; B. Kommerell (6 December 2012).
195:, preventing the metabolism of acetaldehyde into
1105:"Can I drink alcohol while taking antibiotics?"
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
215:, and instead act via other, poorly elucidated
16:Drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol
948:Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems
837:
835:
833:
108:is a drug that causes an adverse reaction to
1864:
1478:
1134:(6th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1107:. NHS Direct (UK electronic health service).
776:
774:
772:
770:
8:
894:Alcohol Related Diseases in Gastroenterology
753:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2398–.
1148:. McGill University, Canada. Archived from
163:. The reaction has been variously termed a
1871:
1857:
1849:
1788:
1682:
1642:
1542:
1485:
1471:
1463:
1423:
1378:
1368:
1312:
1271:
1018:
867:
842:McMartin K, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE (2016).
1201:; David G. Spoerke (27 September 1994).
823:Mutalik, M., & Sanghavi, D. (2014).
188:(brand name Antabuse), which acts as an
1177:. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 131–.
730:
1301:Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening
47:, the prototypical drug of this class.
20:
999:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
491:, specifically the first generation:
7:
1111:from the original on 24 October 2010
918:Amitava Dasgupta (17 October 2016).
1080:Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies
945:Reginald Smart (22 November 2013).
528:present in tap beers and red wine.
924:. Elsevier Science. pp. 77–.
199:, and is used in the treatment of
14:
1252:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
681:Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
230:(brand name Antizol) inhibit the
1745:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
1450:
795:10.2165/00003088-199733020-00001
38:
2362:Monoamine metabolism modulators
707:3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
485:: sulfamethoxazole likely safe
1:
2354:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
2334:Receptor/signaling modulators
1416:10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70019-1
1207:. CRC Press. pp. 303–.
1132:Stockley's Drug Interactions
1083:. McGraw Hill Professional.
1056:10.1016/0741-8329(87)90035-8
620:(brawny bolete) among others
426:Nitrovasodilators (nitrates)
379:: causes headache via a non-
2408:Substance-related disorders
1750:Morphine (extended-release)
1410:. 20 Suppl 1 (1): S73–S75.
1171:Joseph F. Ammirati (1985).
1077:Lewis R. Goldfrank (2006).
2424:
2358:Monoamine releasing agents
1793:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1687:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1647:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1547:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
685:dopaminergic neurotoxicity
676:Dopaminergic neurotoxicity
570:acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
190:acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
84:Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
2403:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
2326:
1880:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
1779:Benzodiazepine dependence
1408:Parkinsonism Relat Disord
1370:10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6
608:(club-footed clitocybe),
605:Ampulloclitocybe clavipes
497:glibenclamide (glyburide)
156:of alcohol formed by the
95:
37:
28:
524:may be sensitive to the
166:disulfiram-like reaction
1314:10.4045/tidsskr.14.0081
630:), conflicting evidence
1264:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
691:-related dopaminergic
611:Coprinus atramentarius
416:Mepacrine (quinacrine)
345:latamoxef (moxalactam)
2398:Disulfiram-like drugs
2257:MDMA (midomafetamine)
1457:Disulfiram-like drugs
614:(common inkcap), and
224:alcohol dehydrogenase
175:acetaldehyde syndrome
161:alcohol dehydrogenase
2120:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
2042:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
2032:-Methylnorsalsolinol
1459:at Wikimedia Commons
1130:Stockley IH (2002).
1011:10.1128/aac.02167-19
596:1-aminocyclopropanol
536:Antibiotics such as
310:-methylthiotetrazole
152:, a major but toxic
138:abdominal discomfort
106:disulfiram-like drug
24:Disulfiram-like drug
2242:MDA (tenamfetamine)
2173:4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA)
2115:MDA (tenamfetamine)
1604:General anesthetics
1508:Nicotine dependence
1152:on 16 February 2008
848:Br J Clin Pharmacol
719:Alcohol intolerance
226:inhibitors such as
171:alcohol intolerance
2393:Alcohol and health
1910:-Cysteinyldopamine
1758:Opioid antagonists
1618:Opioid antagonists
1596:Hydrogen cyanamide
1563:Alcohol dependence
1235:. 7 December 2016.
783:Clin Pharmacokinet
695:by preventing the
403:immunosuppressants
278:Hydrogen cyanamide
2370:
2369:
2365:
2202:-Dimethyldopamine
2193:α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA)
1846:
1845:
1725:Levacetylmethadol
1673:Opioid dependence
1591:Calcium carbimide
1455:Media related to
1307:(17): 1661–1663.
1214:978-0-8493-0194-0
1184:978-0-8166-1407-3
1146:"Antibiotics FAQ"
1090:978-0-07-147914-1
958:978-1-4613-3626-6
931:978-0-12-809334-4
904:978-3-642-70048-4
860:10.1111/bcp.12824
760:978-1-4557-4987-4
693:neurodegeneration
617:Imperator torosus
593:active metabolite
268:Calcium carbimide
205:drug interactions
184:of this group is
182:prototypical drug
102:
101:
79:Biological target
53:Class identifiers
2415:
2328:
1979:Dopamine quinone
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1820:Chlordiazepoxide
1794:
1790:
1740:Dihydroetorphine
1688:
1684:
1648:
1644:
1574:
1548:
1544:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1454:
1438:
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1399:
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1382:
1372:
1357:Mol Neurodegener
1348:
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1022:
1005:(3): e02167-19.
990:
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962:
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888:
882:
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871:
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765:
764:
744:
664:sulfamethoxazole
42:
21:
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2422:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2322:
2296:
2272:Norfenfluramine
2262:Methamphetamine
2129:
2066:
2019:MPP (cyperquat)
2014:Methamphetamine
1925:ALDH inhibitors
1882:
1877:
1847:
1842:
1805:Benzodiazepines
1792:
1773:
1686:
1667:
1646:
1557:
1546:
1502:
1495:drug dependence
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1199:Barry H. Rumack
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746:
745:
732:
727:
715:
678:
637:
628:Pueraria lobata
582:
534:
510:
435:Nitroimidazoles
396:(weak evidence)
368:(weak evidence)
361:Ethacrynic acid
356:Chloramphenicol
351:Chloral hydrate
286:
261:
256:
245:ethylene glycol
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1996:
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1920:6-OHDA quinone
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1445:External links
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1233:Pharmacy Times
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670:Nitrofurantoin
667:
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533:
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516:. Patients on
509:
508:
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493:chlorpropamide
486:
480:
475:
470:
468:Phenylbutazone
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299:Cephalosporins
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254:List of agents
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140:, and general
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2388:Alcohol abuse
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2350:Serotonergics
2347:
2346:Melatonergics
2343:
2342:Dopaminergics
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2159:
2156:
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2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:2'-Amino-MPTP
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:6-Hydroxydopa
2098:
2096:
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2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2080:2'-Amino-MPTP
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2072:Noradrenergic
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Norsalsolinol
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Fenpropathrin
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:DOPAL quinone
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:methylmercury
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1837:Phenobarbital
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1715:Buprenorphine
1713:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:Nitrous oxide
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1493:Treatment of
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
965:
960:
954:
950:
949:
941:
938:
933:
927:
923:
922:
914:
911:
906:
900:
896:
895:
887:
884:
879:
875:
870:
865:
861:
857:
854:(3): 505–15.
853:
849:
845:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
820:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
775:
773:
771:
767:
762:
756:
752:
751:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
731:
724:
720:
717:
716:
712:
710:
708:
705:
702:
699:of the toxic
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
675:
671:
668:
665:
661:
657:
656:Cotrimoxazole
654:
651:
647:
644:
642:
641:Metronidazole
639:
638:
634:
629:
625:
622:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
597:
594:
590:
587:
586:
585:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:metronidazole
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
507:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:Sulfonylureas
487:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
448:
445:(disproven),
444:
443:metronidazole
440:
436:
433:
431:
430:nitroglycerin
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
408:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
309:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
289:
283:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
264:
258:
253:
251:
249:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
60:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2330:
2329:
2217:Fenfluramine
2199:
2135:Serotonergic
2029:
1959:DOPA quinone
1907:
1888:Dopaminergic
1832:Barbiturates
1830:
1803:
1786:
1756:
1707:
1680:
1640:
1616:
1602:
1570:
1540:
1531:Mecamylamine
1407:
1397:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1304:
1300:
1290:
1258:(4): 1–187.
1255:
1251:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1203:
1193:
1173:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:the original
1140:
1131:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1099:
1079:
1072:
1050:(3): 143–8.
1047:
1043:
1037:
1002:
998:
947:
940:
920:
913:
893:
886:
851:
847:
824:
819:
789:(2): 79–90.
786:
782:
749:
683:may produce
679:
660:trimethoprim
627:
615:
609:
603:
583:
574:erythromycin
562:furazolidone
554:cefoperazone
546:cephamandole
535:
514:erythromycin
511:
483:Sulfonamides
463:Phentolamine
439:benznidazole
407:pimecrolimus
394:Ketoconazole
387:Procarbazine
366:Griseofulvin
333:cefoperazone
307:
302:
287:
262:
221:
209:side effects
179:
174:
170:
164:
150:acetaldehyde
128:, throbbing
105:
103:
91:Legal status
29:
18:
2338:Adrenergics
2222:Haloperidol
1989:Haloperidol
1939:Amphetamine
1586:Acamprosate
1536:Varenicline
1336:22 February
1156:17 February
1115:17 February
687:or augment
650:secnidazole
598:; found in
558:cefmenoxime
532:Antibiotics
501:tolbutamide
473:Propranolol
341:ceftriaxone
325:cefmetazole
321:cefmenoxime
317:cefamandole
197:acetic acid
112:leading to
97:In Wikidata
2377:Categories
2158:2,4,5-THMA
2057:Salsolinol
1929:disulfiram
1901:2,4,5-THMA
1763:Naltrexone
1697:Lofexidine
1636:Topiramate
1624:Naltrexone
1581:Disulfiram
725:References
704:metabolite
697:catabolism
646:Tinidazole
566:disulfiram
564:, cause a
542:tinidazole
506:Tolazoline
458:Phenacetin
447:ornidazole
421:Nilutamide
411:tacrolimus
372:Hydrazines
313:metabolite
284:Unintended
273:Disulfiram
232:metabolism
228:fomepizole
217:mechanisms
201:alcoholism
186:disulfiram
154:metabolite
72:Alcoholism
45:Disulfiram
31:Drug class
2331:See also:
2153:2,4,5-THA
2085:2,4,5-THA
1896:2,4,5-THA
1815:Lorazepam
1798:Clonidine
1768:Nalmefene
1730:Methadone
1719:+naloxone
1692:Clonidine
1652:Clonidine
1629:Nalmefene
1575:inhibitor
1552:Clonidine
1516:Bupropion
1363:(1): 35.
1323:0029-2001
709:(DOPAL).
600:mushrooms
550:latamoxef
522:tedizolid
518:linezolid
453:Pargyline
400:Macrolide
383:mechanism
377:Isoniazid
337:cefotetan
329:cefonicid
248:poisoning
193:inhibitor
126:dizziness
2301:Unsorted
2125:Xylamine
2052:Rotenone
2047:Paraquat
2004:Mancozeb
1974:Dopamine
1954:Dieldrin
1825:Oxazepam
1810:Diazepam
1703:Ibogaine
1663:Phenibut
1658:Baclofen
1526:Lobeline
1521:Cytisine
1434:24262193
1389:31488222
1331:25223673
1282:34292926
1109:Archived
1029:31871085
878:26551875
811:45547473
713:See also
701:dopamine
602:such as
526:tyramine
478:Sulfiram
437:such as
428:such as
405:such as
294:Abacavir
259:Intended
241:methanol
239:against
237:antidote
146:symptoms
142:hangover
130:headache
122:flushing
118:vomiting
86:, others
59:Synonyms
2383:Alcohol
2188:5,7-DHT
2183:5,6-DHT
2168:3,4-DCA
2148:2,4-DCA
2105:DOPEGAL
2095:5,7-DHT
2090:5,6-DHT
1949:Daidzin
1944:Benomyl
1927:(e.g.,
1915:5,6-DHT
1709:Opioids
1425:3932615
1380:6728988
1273:8344968
1064:3593530
1044:Alcohol
1020:7038249
869:4767193
803:9260032
589:Coprine
580:Natural
110:alcohol
2308:5-HIAL
1432:
1422:
1387:
1377:
1329:
1321:
1280:
1270:
1211:
1181:
1087:
1062:
1027:
1017:
955:
928:
901:
876:
866:
809:
801:
757:
591:, via
560:, and
499:, and
343:, and
301:, but
213:enzyme
173:, and
158:enzyme
144:-like
114:nausea
2318:RHPTP
2178:5-IAI
2110:DSP-4
2062:Ziram
2009:Maneb
1964:DOPAL
807:S2CID
689:aging
624:Kudzu
381:ALDH2
134:chest
2313:RHPP
2287:PCMA
2267:MMAI
2252:MDEA
2247:MDAI
2237:MBDB
2232:HPTP
2163:3-CA
2024:MPTP
1999:HPTP
1499:N07B
1430:PMID
1385:PMID
1338:2022
1327:PMID
1319:ISSN
1278:PMID
1209:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1158:2008
1117:2008
1085:ISBN
1060:PMID
1025:PMID
953:ISBN
926:ISBN
899:ISBN
874:PMID
799:PMID
755:ISBN
648:and
520:and
409:and
303:only
243:and
207:and
180:The
136:and
2292:PIA
2282:PCA
2277:PBA
2227:HPP
2212:DCA
2207:αET
1994:HPP
1420:PMC
1412:doi
1375:PMC
1365:doi
1309:doi
1305:134
1268:PMC
1260:doi
1052:doi
1015:PMC
1007:doi
864:PMC
856:doi
791:doi
68:Use
2379::
2360:•
2356:•
2352:•
2348:•
2344:•
2340:•
2336:•
2198:α,
1931:,
1906:5-
1789:AA
1683:AA
1643:AA
1573:AD
1543:AA
1428:.
1418:.
1406:.
1383:.
1373:.
1361:14
1359:.
1355:.
1325:.
1317:.
1303:.
1299:.
1276:.
1266:.
1256:70
1254:.
1250:.
1231:.
1058:.
1046:.
1023:.
1013:.
1003:64
1001:.
997:.
967:^
872:.
862:.
852:81
850:.
846:.
832:^
805:.
797:.
787:33
785:.
769:^
733:^
556:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
495:,
441:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
319:,
250:.
219:.
177:.
169:,
132:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
104:A
2200:N
2030:N
1935:)
1908:S
1872:e
1865:t
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1839:)
1835:(
1827:)
1808:(
1800:)
1796:(
1770:)
1761:(
1721:)
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1690:(
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1367::
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1284:.
1262::
1217:.
1187:.
1160:.
1119:.
1093:.
1066:.
1054::
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1009::
961:.
934:.
907:.
880:.
858::
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813:.
793::
763:.
666:)
662:/
658:(
652:.
626:(
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347:.
308:N
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