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1410:(PTSD). Since women in shelters have more likely experienced severe physical and mental abuse than those who do not utilize these services, they are also more likely to experience PTSD. In fact, an American national organizational survey compiled four separate studies of female support group or shelter users and reported PTSD rates between 45% and 84% (Astin, Lawrence, Pincus, & Foy, 1990; Houskamp & Foy, 1991; Roberts, 1996a; Saunders, 1994). These emotional and mental consequences have an effect on women's career opportunities and ability to function in normal life. Women's shelters try to counteract these effects as well as prevent future instances of abuse. However, PTSD can prohibit women from utilizing shelter resources effectively.
978:("Protection from Violence Law") entered into force on 1 January 2002, according to which violent offenders can be expelled from the residence, the need and number of women's shelters have decreased. In 2002 there were approximately 400 women's shelters in Germany, of which 153 were autonomous. According to a study published in 2012 on behalf of the Ministry of Family Affairs, 15,000 women, accompanied by 17,000 children, sought refuge in the then around 350 women's shelters and 40 protection homes in 2011. However, women had to be turned away 9,000 times because the facilities were full. In 2013, 34,000 women and children sought refuge in facilities, but once again 9,000 women had to be rejected.
1215:). However, the court dismissed the case because the plaintiff lacked standing – he was not involved in an abusive relationship and did not need shelter. Certain groups are critical of the smaller amount of resources available to men in the United States and across the world. However, other sources dispute the view that male-only refuges are wanted or needed by most male victims, arguing that the issue has been misrepresented out of misogyny rather than genuine concern for male victims. The Istanbul Convention, for example, states that the creation of women's shelters is not discriminatory.
1236:
1022:(literally: "keep-off-my-body houses"). Their locations were kept secret, but especially since the emergence of digital technology in the 1990s, the secrecy of the locations proved to be almost impossible to maintain. Moreover, some women were still not able to completely cut off all communication with their (former) partners and secretly sought contact with them anyway, leaving them vulnerable without the shelter's oversight. To address these issues, the remaining
1189:, services for non-sheltered children, an education program, a community speaker list, and an offender treatment program. Shelters themselves also offer a variety of services. They provide counseling, support groups and skills workshops to help women move on independently. These act as tools of empowerment for women in conjunction with goal setting programs. Lastly, they offer support for children as well as legal and medical advocacy.
1222:, which offers services to both sexes. According to their own reports, around three percent of DAP supported individuals have been men. In the United Kingdom, 100 places were opened to house male victims of domestic violence in Northamptonshire, or to house families barred from other shelters, such as women with older male children. In Canada, approximately 8 percent of women's shelters are also open to adult men.
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1160:. Many women become homeless in this situation because they are financially dependent on their abuser and these resources help to incentivize and support escape. The average length of stay for women is between thirty and sixty days in the United States. However, this varies in different countries and in Europe, for example, four countries limit stays to a few weeks.
749:. However, government policy has recently seen some moves to dismantle the women's refuge movement, so that in New South Wales since 2014 the management of many refuges has been handed over to large religious agencies so that they now often operate as generic homeless services rather than specifically catering to women and children escaping domestic violence.
745:, in 1974 by a group of women's liberation activists. Many others followed, with 11 established around the country by the middle of 1975 and many more to follow. Initially these services were entirely reliant on volunteer efforts and donations from the community, but they subsequently secured government funding under the
1488:
Shelters in Europe are similarly limited and only eight countries fulfill the minimum standards for shelters set by the
Istanbul Convention. Another criticism of the shelters in Europe is that they have strict age limits that keep male children out and certain shelters discriminate against women from
1484:
Many women report re-abuse after leaving a shelter. A sample study done by Bybee and
Sullivan, which analyzed data from 124 victims who utilized shelters, found no positive effect on re-abuse three years after shelter use. Additionally, with current resource restraints in the United States, standard
1413:
Shelter utilization may lead to the better functioning of survivors and fewer reports of abuse in the short term. Research that studied 3,410 residents of 215 domestic violence across the United States linked longer shelter stays with increased well-being and better help-seeking behaviors. The latter
720:
temples known as
Kakekomi Dera acted as locations where abused women could take shelter before filing for divorce. However, a formal system was not established until 1993, when the grassroots women's movement of Japan built the first shelter. Today, there are thirty shelters throughout the country. A
686:
The ability to escape is valuable for women subjected to domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Additionally, such situations frequently involve an imbalance of power that limits the victim's financial options when they want to leave. Shelters help women gain tangible resources to help them
1005:
has Health houses, Social intervention center and safehouses may offer 20 days of service and after that may offer permanently care for maximum of 6 months. There are two in
Mashhad and Arak has one. Isfahan has a rehab center. Women must be no less than 15 years of age. IRGC and Tehran municipality
809:
verse (Matthew 25:40) quoting Jesus Christ as saying "Inasmuch as you have done it for the least of these, you have done it for me." It was designed to be a practical outworking of
Christian values relating to justice and care. Although originally conceived as a shelter for women leaving prison, its
1243:
Women's shelters in the United States are supported at a state and national level. Over 50% of the funding offered at the state level, however, comes from the federal government through grants. Services are generally administered through
Domestic Violence Intervention Programs (DVIPs) funded by the
1097:
An early women's shelter in the United States, Emergency
Shelter Program Inc. (now Ruby's Place inc.), was established in Hayward, California, in 1972 by a local group of women who attended church together. Betty Moose, one of the founding members, officially incorporated the shelter in March 1972.
1067:
Since that time almost every
European country has opened shelters to help domestic violence victims. Two countries even offer shelters for particular ethnicities and cultures. Additionally, a new development in Europe is that countries like the Netherlands and Austria opened social housing for long
1176:
found that emergency shelters served over 66,581 people in one day and over 9,000 requests could not be met during the same period. In Europe there is a similar pattern of over-demand. Utilization by women is not consistent across the population of intimate partner violence victims, however. Women
852:
ACWS became a founding member of Women's
Shelters Canada and also hosted the first ever world conference of women's shelters in Edmonton in 2008. The conference included 800 delegates from 60 countries. The world conference is now a separate organisation with a fourth world conference set to take
1192:
Most residents of women's shelters are the children of women who are victims of violence. This is one reason why more than half of shelters offered services to this portion of the population in a survey of 215 shelters in the United States. Services for children often include counseling and group
1279:
released a budget proposal stripping all state funding for domestic violence and women's shelters across
Washington State. These types of budget cuts caused several shelters to close their doors, leaving women with no safe haven to escape Intimate partner violence. Local communities are now also
1125:
Due to the growing women's movement, the number of shelters quickly increased after their induction and by 1977 the United States had eighty-nine shelters available for victims of violence. By 2000, the United States had over 2,000 domestic violence programs in place, many with domestic violence
1113:
Women's shelters evolved over time. Grassroots community advocates in the 1970s offered shelters as one of the first services for victims of intimate partner violence. At this time, most shelters were for emergencies and involved stays less than six months. Volunteers and shelter workers offered
927:, the French Government invested 1 million euros in establishing 20 new help centres throughout the country located near supermarkets, where victims can go while going out for groceries, and be redirected to dozens of hotel rooms that functioned as temporary shelters paid for by the government.
832:
Women's Shelter (later WIN House) – a group from all walks of life, and secular as well as Christian beliefs – was opened in January 1970 to shelter any woman who needed shelter for any reason. These homes were grassroots organizations that lived on short term grants at first, with staff often
785:
housed the first women's shelter outside the capital on 12 December 1981, and Innsbruck on 16 December 1981. While the financing of the women's shelters in Vienna was secured from the outset by the municipality, the autonomous initiatives in the other states had to fight for their financial
993:
have announced an action programme to support women affected by violence and a round table evaluation by the federal, state and local authorities on the subject in order to ensure the needs-based expansion and adequate financial security of women's shelters and corresponding advice centre.
679:. Women's shelters help individuals escape these instances of domestic violence and intimate partner violence and act as a place for protection as they choose how to move forward. Additionally, many shelters offer a variety of other services to help women and their children including
1030:("Orange Houses") in the 2000s and 2010s, whose location is not secret, but they do have permanent security for survivors, and they allow for safe contact between survivor and (ex-)partner if both parties are interested in it. These restyled shelters are still commonly known as
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place in Taipei in 2019. In February 2019 ACWS hosted the first Western Canadian violence-prevention conference, the 'Leading Change Summit: Bold Conversations to end gender-based violence' which included Dr. Michael Flood (QUB) and actor and activist
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549:
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shelters do not provide the PTSD or psychotherapeutic treatments necessary for full support. They may also have issues with under-serving the community because of a shortage of funded staff, a lack of bilingual staff, and inadequate facilities.
1098:
Shortly after the founding members established a local domestic violence hotline. Before the shelter was officially open volunteers housed women in their own homes. Other women’s shelters soon popped up around the United States which include
1414:
is a result of increased knowledge about services and options available to women in vulnerable positions as well as increased empowerment. This may indicate that transition services and longer residential offerings are more valuable.
836:
From there, the movement in Canada grew, with women's shelters opening under a variety of names - often as a Transition House or Interval House - opening up across the country in order to help women flee from abusive situations. The
1193:
therapy options that are meant to strengthen parent-child relationships and help with mental well-being. Recently, shelters also responded to increasing numbers of male victims by offering help mostly in the form of hotel vouchers.
524:
951:
decided in December 1976 to finance the women's shelter set up by a social worker. In subsequent years, women's shelters were founded in other German cities. Most of them were projects of the autonomous women's movement.
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McFarlane, J., Nava, A., Gilroy, H., Paulson, R., & Maddoux, J. (2012). Testing Two Global Models to Prevent Violence against Women and Children: Methods and Baseline Data Analysis of a Seven-Year Prospective Study.
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Women's shelters are available in more than forty-five countries. They are supported with government resources as well as non-profit funds. Additionally, many philanthropists also help and support these institutions.
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clientele later became women escaping abuse by their partners. The concept of Inasmuch House was shared with other Christian inner-city missions across North America and led to the opening of other such shelters.
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985:(Article 23), which Germany ratified in October 2017 and entered into force there in February 2018, there was a nationwide shortage of 14,600 women's shelters. In accordance with the coalition agreement, the
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Molly Dragiewicz & Yvonne Lindgren, The Gendered Nature of Domestic Violence: Statistical Data for Lawyers Considering Equal Protection Analysis, 17 Am. U. J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 229, 268 (2009).
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In Mexico City, local law allows the government to force the abuser to leave the home instead of the victim, even if the property is owned or rented in the name of the abuser. This law was supported by
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Breiding MJ, Chen J, Black MC. Intimate Partner Violence in the United States – 2010. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014.
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with children tend to use shelters more often as well as those that are injured physically. Additionally, rural women have more trouble accessing services due to isolation and a lack of resources.
947:. The Berlin project triggered a wave of women's shelters foundations, which were granted financial aid on the basis of Paragraph 72 of the Federal Social Aid Law. For example, the city council of
1042:
First shelter for battered women was opened in 1989 in Bologna, Casa delle donne per non subire violenza, feminist group of women, with only one secret apartment and a public counselling centre.
1122:, offer more services to women and their children. Another recent change is the increasing amount of shelters publicizing their locations to increase funding and visibility in the community.
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As of April 2020, there are 29 women's shelters in Austria; 15 of them are connected to the Verein Autonome Österreichische Frauenhäuser (Autonomous Austrian Women's Shelters Association).
217:
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McNulty, M., Crowe, T., Kroening, C., VanLeit, B., & Good, R. (2009). Time use of women with children living in an emergency homeless shelter for survivors of domestic violence.
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Reports show that on any day over 5,000 women are unable to use services because of a lack of funding or space. Many states have also cut their funds for women's shelters. In 2009,
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Perez, S., Johnson, D. M., & Wright, C. V. (2012). The Attenuating Effect of Empowerment on IPV-Related PTSD Symptoms in Battered Women Living in Domestic Violence Shelters.
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have center of women who were formerly addicts in east of city. They have emergency telephone number people can dial 123. Sanandaj has one building with capacity of 60 people.
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2905:
Montgomery, B. E., Rompalo, A., Hughes, J., Wang, J., Haley, D., Soto-Torres, L., & ... Hodder, S. (2015). Violence Against Women in Selected Areas of the United States.
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Funds provided to each state's domestic violence coalition to improve the coordination of services available in each state. These coalitions give funds directly to shelters.
182:
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672:
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631:
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Peek-Asa, C., Wallis, A., Harland, K., Beyer, K., Dickey, P., & Saftlas, A. (2011). Rural Disparity in Domestic Violence Prevalence and Access to Resources.
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on 1 November 1978; it was immediately overcrowded. The second Viennese women's shelter, to which an advice centre was attached, followed in February 1980.
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Dutton, M. A., James, L., Langhorne, A., & Kelley, M. (2015). Coordinated Public Health Initiatives to Address Violence Against Women and Adolescents.
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3266:"National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) – Championing Dignity Compassion Victims Crime and CrisisNational Organization for Victim Assistance"
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1164:, another form of women's shelter, offers stays of up to a year while certain communities offer public and private housing for even longer periods.
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Roberts, A. R., & Lewis, S. J. (2000). Giving them shelter: National organizational survey of shelters for battered women and their children.
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legal and welfare referrals to women when they exited but contact afterwards was limited. More recent programs, such as those funded by the
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Chanmugam, A. (2011). Perspectives on US Domestic Violence Emergency Shelters: What do Young Adolescent Residents and their Mothers Say?.
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member states in 2011. An article in the Convention sets the creation of women's shelters as a minimum standard for compliance. Following
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of all forms. The term is also frequently used to describe a location for the same purpose that is open to people of all genders at risk.
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857:, as well as 230 delegates from community organisations, trade unions, government and corporates committed to ending domestic violence.
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Volunteers in El Paso, October 16, 2012, supporting a Walk a Mile in Her Shoes event to raise funds for the YWCA's Independence House.
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Bybee, D., Sullivan, C. (. (0001). Predicting re-victimization of battered women 3 years after exiting a shelter program (English).
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Geschlechterperspektiven für die Soziale Arbeit: Zum Spannungsverhältnis von Frauenbewegungen und Professionalisierungsprozessen.
1284:, a small community of less than 3,600, people organized the Boundary Women's Coalition, to support their local women's shelter.
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which represents fifty-six U.S. states and territories, the National Organization for Victim Assistance, and local United Ways.
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1252:. Various non-profits also contribute to the services offered and provide a national voice for the issue. Examples include the
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OVC FY 16 Vision 21: Enhancing Access and Attitudinal Changes in Domestic Violence Shelters for Individuals with Disabilities
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show that one in three women in the U.S. will experience physical violence during their lifetime. One in ten will experience
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2535:"همه چیز درباره اورژانس اجتماعی؛ اقامت افراد آسیب دیده در مراکز مداخله در بحران موقتی است؟ » اصفهان امروز آنلاین"
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911:. In 2019 AWSAD opened sanctuaries for victims of sexual violence in war torn northern Ethiopia with support from the
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Lyon, E., Lane, S., & Menard, A. (2008). Domestic violence shelters: Survivors experiences. Retrieved from
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Funds provided to support tribal domestic violence coalitions that offer services to under-served populations.
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Thirty percent of funds provided are to improve on services available to victims of intimate partner violence.
459:
104:
2222:
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5375:
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725:. Women's shelters did not exist until the 1990s and since then the country only opened a small number. In
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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.
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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.
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Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.
2964:
Clevenger, B. M., & Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2009). Shelter Service Utilization of Domestic Violence Victims.
2499:"نحوه پذیرش دختران و زنان ویژه در خانههای سلامت تشریح شد- اخبار تهران - اخبار اجتماعی تسنیم | Tasnim"
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Family Violence Prevention and Services Discretionary Grants: National and Special Issue Resource Centers
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Shelters are usually offered as part of a comprehensive domestic violence program that can also include a
742:
600:
60:
41:
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3408:"Meeting Survivors' Needs: A Multi-State Study of Domestic Violence Shelter Experiences, Final Report"
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In 1972 the center was visited by U.S. feminists, who set up similar ventures in the United States ...
1444:
Limited and outdated sourcing and how information from the sources is presented throughout the section
1172:
There is high demand for shelter services in the United States. A one-day national census done by the
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In the United States, certain shelters do not permit access to men. This practice was challenged in
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resources, sometimes with many setbacks, and often request subsidies from several places each year.
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The first women's shelter in the modern world was Haven House, which opened in 1964 in California.
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The first shelters in Canada developed from a feminist perspective were started by Interval House,
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150:
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2851:"The Radical Transformations of a Battered Women's Shelter; A House of their Own (print edition)"
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taking it upon themselves to create a safe place for domestic violence refugees. In Grand Forks,
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Yoshihama, M. (2002). Breaking the web of abuse and silence: voices of battered women in Japan.
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Parties shall take the necessary legislative or other measures to provide for the setting-up of
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2553:"2 مرکز نگهداری برای زنان و دختران فراری در سنندج تأسیس شد- اخبار استانها تسنیم | Tasnim"
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two-thirds of local authorities in England have cut funding for women's refuges since 2010.
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2167:"Als een Française om 'masker 19' vraagt, weet de apotheker dat hij de politie moet bellen"
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appropriate, easily accessible shelters in sufficient numbers to provide safe accommodation
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Tsui, V. (2014). Male Victims of Intimate Partner Abuse: Use and Helpfulness of Services.
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2003:
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Funds provided to help shelters make facilities accessible to those with disabilities.
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352:
289:
267:
227:
170:
2427:"معاون رییس جمهوری از ۲ مرکز نگهداری زنان و دختران آسیب دیده در مشهد دیدن کرد - ایرنا"
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Kaufman, Joan (2012-07-01). "The Global Women's Movement and Chinese Women's Rights".
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Some shelters do permit access today, including the Domestic Abuse Project (DAP) of
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working sacrificially in order to keep the houses running to ensure women's safety.
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1817:"Forty years of the Elsie Refuge for Women and Children | The Dictionary of Sydney"
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Funds provided to start individual National Resource Centers on Domestic Violence.
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for and to reach out pro-actively to victims, especially women and their children.
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Ethiopia's safe houses offer more than shelter to violence survivors – in pictures
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Nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status; Native American tribal organizations
3312:"Taking It Seriously: Repairing Domestic Violence Sentencing in Washington State"
1937:
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in 1976, created by women of the autonomous women's movement with funds from the
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2517:"افتتاح نخستین مرکز صیانت و ایجاد اشتغال زنان معتاد بهبودیافته در تهران - ایرنا"
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30:
This article is about domestic violence shelters. For other related topics, see
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1329:
State and Territorial Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Coalitions Program
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877:
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was started in 1965 by the Harbour Rescue Mission (now Mission Services) in
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119:
99:
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3012:
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in the United States was built in 1877 and converted to a shelter in 1990.
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4444:
2409:"افتتاح مرکز جامع نگهداری و حمایت از زنان و دختران آسیب دیده استان مرکزی"
2067:"Leading Change Summit 2019 | Alberta Council of Women's Shelters - ACWS"
1793:"Battered women in China could finally get a measure of legal protection"
1002:
865:
829:
717:
712:
Offering shelter to abused women is not a new concept in Asia. In feudal
89:
2585:
1962:"The Haven Of Rest Ministries - Inasmuch House (for Women And Children)"
1398:
Women often suffer lasting mental conditions from their abuse including
1345:
Grants to Tribal Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Coalitions Program
1070:
Istanbul Convention against Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence
4503:
4036:
2720:. WAVE – Women against Violence Europe, Bacherplatz 10/6, A-1050 Vienna
986:
948:
838:
814:
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and their families create a new life. Lastly, shelters are valuable to
444:
3449:
Sara Kazmi, NON-FICTION: TALES OF RESISTANCE, Dawn August 28, 2022
1985:
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798:
778:
766:
485:
4248:
2444:
2408:
805:, Ontario. It was named Inasmuch House, with the name referencing a
3438:
1717:
Youth Movements, Trauma and Alternative Space in Contemporary Japan
1152:
Women's shelters offer temporary refuge for women escaping acts of
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4298:
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2171:
1234:
1110:, and the Atlanta Union Mission in Atlanta, opened by Elsie Huck.
826:
806:
756:
722:
713:
36:
3291:"Losing State Aid, California Women's Shelters Cut Back or Close"
1118:, offer longer term stays for women. These locations, as well as
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started the first domestic violence shelter in the modern world,
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2765:
Council funding for women's refuges cut by nearly £7m since 2010
782:
187:
4252:
3457:
3453:
2989:
Have female presidents in Latin America improved women’s lives?
2339:
1555:"women's refuge Definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
903:
In 2003 the initial women's shelter opened its doors under the
2485:خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency
2481:"شرایط پذیرش و استفاده از خدمات مراکز بازپروری زنان آسیب دیده"
2395:خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency
2341:Überlastete Frauenhäuser: Hilfe suchend vor verschlossener Tür
2312:. Women against Violence Europe. 24 March 2015. Archived from
1421:
1292:
Many grants help fund women's shelters in the United States.
1271:
programs because of the state's budget deficit. In late 2011
2391:"مرکز مداخله در بحران بهزیستی ۲۰ روز به بانوان خدمات میدهد"
2746:
Action against violence against women and domestic violence
1489:
other countries or who identify as lesbian or transgender.
3265:
2221:
Zentrale Informationsstelle Autonomer Frauenhäuser (ZIF),
817:
in April 1973, and the Ishtar Women’s Resource Society in
2642:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 549.
1918:(in German). Verein Autonome Österreichische Frauenhäuser
3164:
1690:. The Global Network of Women's Shelters. Archived from
729:
there are no shelters for the twenty million residents.
2151:
Supporting survivors of SGBV in conflict-affected areas
2239:
Erfolg und Eigensinn. Zur Geschichte der Frauenhäuser.
1867:"Women's refuges closing down after reform fails them"
849:, Nova Scotia, was founded a few years later in 1989.
4450:
Deny, attack, and reverse victim and offender (DARVO)
2285:Überfüllte Frauenhäuser: Letzte Zuflucht – versperrt.
2004:"Interval House | Toronto Community Knowledge Centre"
923:
When a rise in domestic violence occurred during the
841:
Council of Women's Shelters was founded in 1983. The
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3046:
3044:
721:
similar history did not lead to as much progress in
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3100:
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment
3076:
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment
3025:
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment
2966:
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment
2609:"Veel Blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen niet langer geheim"
1448:Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
935:The first shelter for battered women was opened in
891:Canada's longest running rape crisis centre is the
183:
Post-assault treatment of victims of sexual assault
27:
Place of temporary protection and support for women
2463:"افتتاح مرکز جامع توانمندسازی آقایان استان اصفهان"
1631:
1629:
1627:
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1623:
1352:Available to tribal domestic violence coalitions.
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1841:"Regional Women's Refuges Are Being Ripped Apart"
1517:, a United Kingdom anti-domestic violence charity
1313:STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program
905:Association for Women's Sanctuary and Development
737:In Australia, the first women's refuge, known as
2638:(2001). "Pizzey, Erin (1939– ) United Kingdom".
2572:Het oranje huis: blijf van m'n lijf nieuwe stijl
2089:"Opinion: Vancouver Rape Relief stands by women"
1892:Ein gebrochenes Tabu. Frauenhäuser in Österreich
1436:The factual accuracy of part of this article is
1384:State and regional domestic violence coalitions
5092:Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America
3439:Searchable Database of US Shelters and Programs
3165:"The Domestic Abuse Project of Delaware County"
2241:In: Mechthild Bereswill, Gerd Stecklina (ed.):
955:
5300:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
3823:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
3360:"Grant Programs | OVW | Department of Justice"
3241:"Grant Programs | OVW | Department of Justice"
2445:"بهزیستی خوزستان پناهگاه زنان آسیب پذیر جامعه"
1203:Domestic violence against men § Responses
1068:term stays. One reason for this growth is the
884:provides aid and shelter to women exiting the
4264:
3469:
2901:
2899:
2876:Detweiler, Elsie Moses Huck (December 2005).
1064:; the organization is known today as Refuge.
625:
8:
5345:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
3154:House of Commons. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
2960:
2958:
2046:The 4th World Conference of Women’s Shelters
1637:OTJR: Occupation, Participation & Health
1213:Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC291977
763:Social Aid for Vulnerable Women and Children
3215:"Shelters for abused women in Canada, 2010"
1894:. Vienna: Deuticke. pp. 27–54, 78–80.
1598:
1596:
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1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1336:Available for domestic violence coalitions
1018:, women's shelters emerged in the 1970s as
981:According to the allocation formula of the
893:Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter
843:Transition House Association of Nova Scotia
691:because they can help them find a sense of
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4341:
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4257:
4249:
4059:
3851:
3692:
3476:
3462:
3454:
3344:(11): 46. November 1, 1993. Archived from
3189:"Help domestic abuse victims for 35 years"
673:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
632:
618:
47:
2265:5th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2002,
1472:Learn how and when to remove this message
1365:Administration for Children and Families
1254:National Network to End Domestic Violence
1174:National Network to End Domestic Violence
1090:National Network to End Domestic Violence
4637:Effects of domestic violence on children
3420:American Journal of Community Psychology
3334:"Help for battered women in rural areas"
2849:MacFarquhar, Larissa (August 19, 2019).
1938:"History - Mission Services of Hamilton"
1294:
1139:, who later became president of Mexico.
671:Representative data samples done by the
5412:Domestic violence-related organizations
2197:Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1546:
557:
509:
382:
339:
127:
66:
59:
4919:Domestic violence in Christian culture
2834:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2827:
2708:
2640:Encyclopedia of women social reformers
2574:(in Dutch). Blijf Groep. pp. 48p.
2372:
2362:
2131:
2121:
1452:. See the relevant discussion on the
3289:McKinley, Jesse (25 September 2009).
2940:
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2936:
2934:
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2930:
2928:
2926:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
566:Prosecution of gender-targeted crimes
7:
4924:Domestic violence in Islamic culture
4374:Sexual violence by intimate partners
3052:Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
3001:Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
2607:Anneke Stoffelen (31 January 2011).
1727:
1725:
1576:
1574:
1320:Available to states and territories
913:United Nations Development Programme
4354:Genital modification and mutilation
2799:from the original on 14 April 2021.
2219:Der Kampf um das „Frauenhaus Köln“.
5350:National Domestic Violence Hotline
3444:Global Network of Women's Shelters
3213:Burczycka, Marta; Cotter, Cotter.
1244:Family Violence Services Act, the
797:The very first women's shelter in
765:association (1978), which created
25:
5293:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
2907:American Journal of Public Health
1739:(4), 389–400 12p. doi:sw/47.4.389
1349:Office on Violence Against Women
1333:Office on Violence Against Women
1317:Office on Violence Against Women
1267:cut $ 16,000 in state funding to
1026:gradually converted to so-called
4235:
4234:
2792:(pdf). Los Angeles. p. 22.
2338:Patricia Hecht (7 August 2018).
2263:Fachlexikon der sozialen Arbeit.
1499:
1426:
882:Servants Anonymous Society (SAS)
4687:Management of domestic violence
4571:Domestic violence and pregnancy
4402:Domestic violence and pregnancy
3386:Issues In Mental Health Nursing
3148:House of Commons (20 May 2008)
3139:(2), 121–130 10p. doi:sw/swu007
2946:Journal of Community Psychology
2195:Der lange Atem der Provokation.
1052:Refuge (United Kingdom charity)
660:and support for women escaping
3833:Youth Homelessness Matters Day
2713:Logar, Rosa (1 January 2016).
2523:(in Persian). 4 November 2020.
1408:posttraumatic stress disorders
1106:, which was opened in 1974 by
1:
5307:Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
5215:What's Love Got to Do with It
4647:Parental bullying of children
4627:Adverse childhood experiences
4566:Domestic violence against men
3577:Anti-homelessness legislation
3316:Seattle University Law Review
3151:House of Commons Sixth Report
2669:. Refuge. n.d. Archived from
2223:autonome-frauenhaeuser-zif.de
2165:Romana Abels (2 April 2020).
1865:Browne, Rachel (2014-06-21).
1751:Journal of Contemporary China
868:, Canada, offers services in
773:The first women's shelter in
511:International legal framework
4611:Social emotional development
2557:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim
2503:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim
1942:Mission Services of Hamilton
1763:10.1080/10670564.2012.666830
1616:10.1080/13575279.2011.596814
1381:Office for Victims of Crime
1246:Victims of Crime Act of 1984
1211:a court case in California (
1072:, a convention signed by 47
606:Violence against LGBT people
480:Online gender-based violence
176:Violence against prostitutes
32:Outline of domestic violence
5265:Contemporary Family Therapy
4514:Passive-aggressive behavior
4427:Situational couple violence
3740:Homeless Friendly Precincts
2879:A Life of Faith: My Journey
925:COVID-19 pandemic in France
5428:
4677:Domestic violence hotlines
4601:Parental abuse by children
2882:. iUniverse. p. 256.
2112:Ford, Liz (27 July 2016).
1890:Irmtraut Karlsson (1988).
1250:Violence Against Women Act
1200:
1116:Violence Against Women Act
1087:
1049:
945:Ministry of Family Affairs
761:Founding documents of the
146:Sexual violence statistics
29:
5078:The Conspiracy of Silence
4657:Stress in early childhood
4581:Intimate partner violence
4494:Major depressive disorder
4304:Abusive power and control
4232:
4070:Eastern European children
3112:10.1080/10911350902787429
3088:10.1080/10911350902787429
3037:10.1080/10911350902787429
2978:10.1080/10911350902787429
2783:"Annual Report 2011–2012"
2570:Dijk, Pieter van (2008).
2028:"Constitution and Bylaws"
1871:The Sydney Morning Herald
1536:Woman's Exchange Movement
1209:Blumhorst v. Haven Hills,
1158:intimate partner violence
1032:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen
1024:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen
1020:blijf-van-mijn-lijfhuizen
845:, which runs shelters in
666:intimate partner violence
465:Intimate partner violence
358:Female genital mutilation
136:Causes of sexual violence
18:Domestic violence shelter
5286:Journal of Family Issues
4417:Murder of pregnant women
3808:Homelessness Action Week
3310:Sully, Patricia (2011).
2919:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302430
2008:ckc.torontofoundation.ca
1673:10.1177/1077801212437348
1559:dictionary.cambridge.org
966:– Article 23: Shelters,
769:'s first women's shelter
654:battered women's shelter
5381:Domestic violence court
5201:Sleeping with the Enemy
3905:Latin American children
2781:Jewish Family Service.
2588:(in Dutch). Blijf Groep
2290:Spiegel Online Politik.
1966:www.shelterlistings.org
1261:Governor Schwarzenegger
317:Secondary victimisation
141:Child sexual initiation
128:Sexual assault and rape
5407:Violence against women
5376:Battered woman defense
5314:Violence Against Women
4697:Prevention initiatives
4606:Same-sex relationships
4364:Birth control sabotage
4309:Conflict tactics scale
3828:Street Child World Cup
3813:Homeless Persons' Week
3221:. Government of Canada
1821:dictionaryofsydney.org
1715:Cassegård, C. (2013).
1661:Violence Against Women
1604:Child Care In Practice
1531:Women's police station
1240:
1181:Other services offered
963:
770:
743:Glebe, New South Wales
601:Violence against women
61:Violence against women
45:
4369:Reproductive coercion
3776:Single-room occupancy
3668:Homelessness services
3064:10.1089/jwh.2011.2891
3013:10.1089/jwh.2014.4884
2245:Beltz Juventa, 2010,
1442:The dispute is about
1238:
1104:Boston, Massachusetts
760:
475:Marry-your-rapist law
470:Marriage by abduction
327:Virgin cleansing myth
40:
5173:Looking for Angelina
3995:Bangladeshi children
3792:Transitional housing
2667:"35 years of Refuge"
2397:. February 27, 2023.
1719:. Leiden: Brill, 78.
1162:Transitional housing
1120:transitional housing
1062:Chiswick Women's Aid
1056:In England in 1971,
683:and legal guidance.
658:temporary protection
460:Forced sterilisation
156:Cybersex trafficking
42:Pringle-Patric House
5085:Defending Our Lives
4972:Nicola Graham-Kevan
4642:Narcissistic parent
4469:Emotional blackmail
3617:Vulnerability Index
2744:Istanbul Convention
2539:اصفهان امروز آنلاین
2469:. February 7, 2023.
1986:"About | Win House"
1697:on 20 December 2016
1685:"Global Data Count"
1126:shelters included.
983:Istanbul Convention
968:Istanbul Convention
151:Forced prostitution
5340:ManKind Initiative
5187:One Minute to Nine
5180:Once Were Warriors
4947:Jacquelyn Campbell
4519:Setting up to fail
4509:Narcissistic abuse
3818:Homeless World Cup
3296:The New York Times
3193:www.delcotimes.com
2715:"WAVE Report 2015"
2673:on 8 November 2012
2451:. October 3, 1398.
2042:"Past conferences"
1667:(1), 102–117 16p.
1277:Christine Gregoire
1241:
976:Gewaltschutzgesetz
771:
747:Whitlam government
648:, also known as a
391:Narcissistic abuse
46:
5389:
5388:
5323:
5322:
5051:
5050:
4665:
4664:
4542:
4541:
4329:Traumatic bonding
4319:Cycle of violence
4280:Domestic violence
4246:
4245:
4228:
4227:
4198:
4197:
4042:Filipino children
3872:Ghanaian children
3841:
3840:
3718:Four penny coffin
3663:Homeless ministry
3348:on March 5, 2014.
3219:Statistics Canada
2913:(10), 2156–2166.
2889:978-0-595-37582-0
2649:978-1-57607-101-4
2487:. March 27, 2019.
2310:WAVE Country Info
2251:978-3-7799-2304-6
2193:Kristina Schulz:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1400:anxiety disorders
1391:
1390:
1269:domestic violence
1154:domestic violence
1137:Claudia Sheinbaum
1074:Council of Europe
662:domestic violence
642:
641:
497:Toxic masculinity
429:Droit du seigneur
406:Domestic violence
161:Human trafficking
16:(Redirected from
5419:
5402:Women's shelters
5279:Family Relations
5247:The War on Women
5124:American Tragedy
5060:
4937:
4551:
4524:Silent treatment
4474:False accusation
4342:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4215:Papua New Guinea
4060:
3852:
3771:Right to housing
3766:Rapid Re-Housing
3703:Homeless shelter
3693:
3680:Street newspaper
3632:Social cleansing
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3393:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:. 7 October 2013
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3096:
3090:
3072:
3066:
3048:
3039:
3021:
3015:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2962:
2953:
2942:
2921:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2813:. Archived from
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2787:
2778:
2772:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2710:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2636:Rappaport, Helen
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2373:|newspaper=
2370:
2368:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:6 November 2012.
2280:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2235:Margrit Brückner
2232:
2226:
2212:
2206:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2073:. Archived from
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1746:
1740:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1675:
1657:
1644:
1633:
1618:
1600:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1551:
1526:Women-only space
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1450:reliably sourced
1430:
1422:
1295:
1282:British Columbia
970:
823:British Columbia
741:, was opened in
656:, is a place of
634:
627:
620:
455:Forced pregnancy
48:
21:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5364:
5319:
5252:
5233:Life with Billy
5220:
5152:The Burning Bed
5111:
5047:
4991:
4967:David Finkelhor
4928:
4907:
4701:
4692:Women's shelter
4661:
4615:
4538:
4431:
4378:
4333:
4282:
4277:
4247:
4242:
4224:
4194:
4163:
4132:
4084:
4051:
3983:
3881:
3837:
3796:
3744:
3733:Women's shelter
3691:
3658:Hygiene program
3641:
3607:Popular culture
3602:Patient dumping
3565:
3529:Street children
3487:
3482:
3435:
3430:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3382:
3378:
3369:
3367:
3364:www.justice.gov
3358:
3357:
3353:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3274:
3272:
3270:www.trynova.org
3264:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3248:
3245:www.justice.gov
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
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3212:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3147:
3143:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3097:
3093:
3073:
3069:
3058:(11), 1743 7p.
3049:
3042:
3022:
3018:
3007:(1), 80–85 6p.
2998:
2994:
2987:
2983:
2963:
2956:
2943:
2924:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2811:"Archived copy"
2809:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2748:
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2579:
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2550:
2546:
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2528:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2415:. June 2, 1398.
2407:
2406:
2402:
2389:
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2384:
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2352:
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2320:
2319:on 5 March 2016
2316:
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1823:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1797:Washington Post
1791:
1790:
1786:
1757:(76): 585–602.
1748:
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1723:
1714:
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1507:Feminism portal
1505:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1478:
1467:
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1458:
1447:
1431:
1420:
1396:
1304:Qualifications
1290:
1233:
1228:
1220:Delaware County
1205:
1199:
1183:
1170:
1150:
1148:General purpose
1145:
1132:
1092:
1086:
1054:
1048:
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1012:
1000:
972:
965:
960:
958:
933:
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901:
795:
755:
735:
710:
705:
677:sexual violence
646:women's shelter
638:
591:Sex and the law
571:Women's shelter
492:Sexual bullying
450:Forced marriage
440:Forced abortion
363:Gishiri cutting
332:Widow cleansing
322:Sexual violence
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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5272:Family Process
5268:
5260:
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5254:
5253:
5251:
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5240:Mommie Dearest
5236:
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5134:
5131:Black and Blue
5127:
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5110:
5109:
5106:Sin by Silence
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5066:
5064:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5043:Deborah Tucker
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:Elizabeth Celi
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Ruahine Albert
4999:
4997:
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4990:
4989:
4984:
4982:Linda Saltzman
4979:
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4457:
4455:Economic abuse
4452:
4447:
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4433:
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4430:
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4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
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4356:
4350:
4348:
4339:
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4332:
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4314:Cycle of abuse
4311:
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4301:
4296:
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4268:
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4116:United Kingdom
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3784:
3779:
3773:
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3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3728:Warming center
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Drop-in center
3710:
3708:Cooling center
3699:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3637:Slum clearance
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Discrimination
3589:
3584:
3582:Bill of Rights
3579:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Cyber-homeless
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3434:
3433:External links
3431:
3429:
3428:
3411:
3394:
3392:(12), 872 11p.
3376:
3366:. 23 July 2014
3351:
3325:
3302:
3281:
3257:
3247:. 23 July 2014
3232:
3205:
3180:
3156:
3141:
3124:
3115:
3091:
3082:(4), 359–374.
3067:
3040:
3016:
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2981:
2954:
2922:
2895:
2888:
2868:
2855:The New Yorker
2841:
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2773:
2757:
2731:
2684:
2658:
2648:
2627:
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2577:
2562:
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2526:
2508:
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2418:
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2382:
2330:
2294:
2282:Lisa Erdmann:
2275:
2255:
2227:
2207:
2186:
2157:
2141:
2104:
2080:
2077:on 2018-09-04.
2058:
2033:
2019:
1995:
1977:
1953:
1929:
1916:"Frauenhäuser"
1907:
1900:
1882:
1857:
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1302:
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1288:Grant examples
1286:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1198:
1197:Male residents
1195:
1187:crisis hotline
1182:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1131:
1128:
1088:Main article:
1085:
1082:
1050:Main article:
1047:
1046:United Kingdom
1044:
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1008:
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996:
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920:
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791:
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734:
731:
709:
706:
704:
701:
689:battered women
650:women's refuge
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639:
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614:
611:
610:
609:
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558:Related topics
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365:
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353:Breast ironing
350:
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329:
324:
319:
314:
313:
312:
307:
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290:Sexual assault
287:
286:
285:
280:
278:Unacknowledged
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171:Sexual slavery
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105:Pregnant women
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24:
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5348:
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5330:
5328:Organizations
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5100:
5099:Silent Voices
5096:
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5087:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5075:
5073:
5072:
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5065:
5063:Documentaries
5061:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Donna Ferrato
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Angela Barker
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4987:Murray Straus
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Mary Ellsberg
4960:
4958:
4957:Emily Douglas
4955:
4953:
4952:Kenneth Dodge
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4903:United States
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4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:Sibling abuse
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
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4465:
4461:
4460:Embarrassment
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4437:Psychological
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Honor killing
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Bride burning
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4241:
4231:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4047:Thai children
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3935:San Francisco
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:United States
3908:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Housing First
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Mental health
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Social orphan
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3524:Street people
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3426:(1–2), 85–96.
3425:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3377:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3170:
3169:www.dapdc.org
3166:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2952:(6), 669–681.
2951:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2869:
2856:
2852:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2817:on 2020-07-20
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2616:
2615:
2614:de Volkskrant
2610:
2603:
2600:
2587:
2586:"Oranje Huis"
2581:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2433:(in Persian).
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2366:
2351:
2347:
2344:(in German).
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:3-17-006848-2
2268:
2264:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:3-593-37110-3
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1901:3-7005-4609-2
1897:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
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1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
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1626:
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1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
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1577:
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1571:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1534:
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1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
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1508:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1473:
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1455:
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1445:
1441:
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1433:
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1424:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1409:
1405:
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1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
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1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
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1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
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1287:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1231:United States
1230:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Rosie's Place
1095:
1091:
1084:United States
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:Oranje Huizen
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1004:
997:
995:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
971:
969:
962:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
928:
926:
918:
916:
914:
910:
906:
898:
896:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
850:
848:
844:
840:
834:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
808:
804:
800:
792:
790:
787:
784:
780:
776:
768:
764:
759:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
732:
730:
728:
724:
719:
715:
707:
702:
700:
696:
694:
690:
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
635:
630:
628:
623:
621:
616:
615:
613:
612:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:Belém do Pará
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
515:
512:
508:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
445:Force-feeding
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
430:
426:
422:
421:and pregnancy
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
376:
373:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
344:
343:
340:Disfigurement
338:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
184:
181:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:Fetish slaves
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
126:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
85:Honor killing
83:
81:
78:
76:
75:Bride burning
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
43:
39:
33:
19:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5071:A Better Man
5069:
4977:Denise Hines
4868:South Africa
4863:Saudi Arabia
4691:
4682:Duluth model
4561:Bride-buying
4534:Verbal abuse
4484:Intimidation
4359:Marital rape
4324:Epidemiology
4159:Vatican City
3877:South Africa
3732:
3723:Penny sit-up
3653:Soup kitchen
3627:Survival sex
3612:Spirituality
3587:Bumvertising
3485:Homelessness
3423:
3419:
3414:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3368:. Retrieved
3363:
3354:
3346:the original
3341:
3337:
3328:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3294:
3284:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:
3260:
3249:. Retrieved
3244:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3218:
3208:
3197:. Retrieved
3192:
3183:
3172:. Retrieved
3168:
3159:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3118:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3055:
3051:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2984:
2969:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2910:
2906:
2878:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2857:. Conde Nast
2854:
2844:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2805:
2789:
2776:
2769:The Guardian
2767:
2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2675:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2661:
2653:
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2353:. Retrieved
2340:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2309:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2262:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2218:
2210:
2194:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2170:
2160:
2150:
2144:
2114:
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2093:vancouversun
2092:
2083:
2075:the original
2070:
2061:
2050:. Retrieved
2048:. 2018-07-11
2045:
2036:
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1990:winhouse.org
1989:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1910:
1891:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1847:. 2015-03-23
1844:
1835:
1824:. Retrieved
1820:
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1796:
1787:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1716:
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1679:
1664:
1660:
1643:(4), 183 8p.
1640:
1636:
1607:
1603:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1487:
1483:
1468:
1459:
1443:
1435:
1412:
1397:
1376:
1360:
1344:
1328:
1312:
1298:Grant title
1291:
1258:
1242:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1184:
1171:
1151:
1133:
1124:
1112:
1096:
1093:
1066:
1055:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1001:
980:
975:
973:
964:
956:
934:
922:
902:
890:
886:sex industry
860:The shelter
859:
851:
835:
812:
796:
788:
772:
762:
739:Elsie Refuge
736:
711:
697:
685:
670:
653:
649:
645:
643:
570:
502:Witch trials
484:
427:
401:Dating abuse
383:Other issues
375:Foot binding
368:Infibulation
198:By Deception
193:Acquaintance
5335:Gulabi Gang
5257:Periodicals
5116:Other films
5038:Erin Pizzey
5033:Ellen Pence
4873:South Korea
4843:Philippines
4803:New Zealand
4632:Child abuse
4576:Elder abuse
4479:Gaslighting
4464:Humiliation
4407:Dowry death
4392:Acid attack
4220:New Zealand
4190:Switzerland
4185:Netherlands
4037:North Korea
3957:Minneapolis
3519:Mole people
3499:Aged people
3133:Social Work
2592:12 November
2521:www.irna.ir
2431:www.irna.ir
2323:20 February
2132:|work=
1845:New Matilda
1733:Social Work
1521:Victimology
1462:August 2021
1168:Utilization
1108:Kip Tiernan
1058:Erin Pizzey
1016:Netherlands
1010:Netherlands
937:West Berlin
909:Addis Ababa
907:(AWSAD) in
855:Terry Crews
693:empowerment
596:Victimology
576:25 November
435:Eve teasing
396:Gaslighting
348:Acid attack
95:Infanticide
80:Dowry death
5396:Categories
5208:Submission
5145:Bordertown
5023:Anne Cools
5013:Sarah Buel
4878:Tajikistan
4733:Bangladesh
4670:Prevention
4499:Mind games
3962:New Mexico
3930:California
3915:LGBT youth
3847:By country
3370:2016-05-21
3338:Chatelaine
3322:: 963–992.
3275:2016-05-14
3251:2016-05-12
3199:2016-05-12
3174:2016-05-19
3106:(4), 362.
3031:(4), 370.
2972:(4), 361.
2861:August 15,
2821:2019-09-06
2751:2016-05-19
2215:Maria Mies
2175:(in Dutch)
2098:2021-09-08
2052:2020-11-12
2013:2017-05-09
1971:2017-05-09
1947:2017-05-09
1876:2017-07-18
1851:2017-07-18
1826:2017-07-18
1802:2016-05-18
1610:(4), 395.
1564:2016-05-12
1542:References
1404:depression
1273:Washington
1265:California
1248:, and the
1201:See also:
974:Since the
862:Chez Doris
777:opened in
681:counseling
586:By country
581:6 February
416:management
305:In Service
263:Statistics
253:Prevention
203:Corrective
115:Sororicide
5159:Daughters
4996:Activists
4940:Academics
4798:Lithuania
4728:Australia
4713:Argentina
4489:Isolation
4210:Australia
4017:Indonesia
3977:Elsewhere
3898:Vancouver
3801:Awareness
3787:Tent city
3782:Squatting
3646:Responses
3514:McRefugee
2677:5 January
2375:ignored (
2365:cite book
2350:0931-9085
2303:"Germany"
2273:, p. 348.
2253:, p. 61f.
2205:, p. 229.
2134:ignored (
2124:cite book
1779:153453500
1771:1067-0564
1454:talk page
1418:Criticism
1275:governor
1078:austerity
878:Inuktitut
733:Australia
268:Statutory
248:Pregnancy
228:Genocidal
120:Uxoricide
100:Matricide
5194:Provoked
4912:Religion
4883:Thailand
4833:Paraguay
4823:Pakistan
4758:Colombia
4620:Children
4596:Misogyny
4591:Misandry
4529:Stalking
4445:Bullying
4384:Physical
4240:Category
4149:Portugal
4126:Scotland
4010:children
3947:Columbus
3942:Colorado
3920:Veterans
3886:Americas
3696:Shelters
3539:Vagrants
3509:Families
2830:cite web
2794:Archived
2620:24 March
2355:8 August
2179:29 April
1922:22 April
1493:See also
1438:disputed
1307:Purpose
1143:Services
1003:Behzisti
989:and the
899:Ethiopia
866:Montreal
830:Edmonton
803:Hamilton
718:Buddhist
550:Istanbul
90:Femicide
53:a series
51:Part of
5360:Respect
5138:Blinded
4933:Experts
4848:Romania
4813:Nigeria
4763:Ecuador
4738:Bolivia
4723:Albania
4718:Armenia
4706:Country
4586:Lesbian
4547:Victims
4504:Nagging
4294:Outline
4287:General
4203:Oceania
4180:Germany
4121:England
4106:Ireland
4101:Finland
4096:Denmark
4075:Hungary
3972:Seattle
3952:Florida
3862:Algeria
3749:Housing
2154:. UNDP.
2071:acws.ca
1394:Effects
1301:Source
1226:Funding
1014:In the
987:CDU/CSU
949:Cologne
931:Germany
870:English
847:Halifax
839:Alberta
819:Langley
815:Toronto
775:Austria
753:Austria
727:Beijing
703:History
411:outline
283:Wartime
243:Marital
233:History
218:Factors
213:Effects
67:Killing
5355:Refuge
5166:Enough
4893:Uganda
4888:Turkey
4853:Russia
4828:Panama
4818:Norway
4808:Norway
4788:Mexico
4773:Guyana
4743:Brazil
4554:Adults
4346:Sexual
4175:France
4144:Greece
4111:Sweden
4080:Russia
4056:Europe
4027:Israel
3967:Oregon
3893:Canada
3855:Africa
3756:Foyers
3570:Issues
3549:Tramps
3544:Bergie
3492:People
3225:6 June
2886:
2790:JFS LA
2740:"Home"
2724:17 May
2646:
2348:
2269:
2249:
2225:(PDF).
2201:
1898:
1777:
1769:
1701:12 May
1515:Refuge
1406:, and
1130:Mexico
919:France
876:, and
874:French
799:Canada
793:Canada
779:Vienna
767:Vienna
545:Maputo
486:Raptio
295:Campus
273:Threat
258:Prison
5369:Legal
5225:Books
5056:Media
4858:Samoa
4793:Kenya
4778:India
4768:Ghana
4753:China
4748:Chile
4338:Forms
4299:Abuse
4154:Spain
4137:South
4089:North
4032:Japan
4005:India
4000:China
3925:Women
3867:Egypt
3778:(SRO)
3561:Youth
3554:Hobos
2797:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
2718:(PDF)
2467:ایمنا
2317:(PDF)
2306:(PDF)
2172:Trouw
1775:S2CID
1695:(PDF)
1688:(PDF)
1038:Italy
807:Bible
723:China
714:Japan
535:DEVAW
525:CEDAW
520:DEDAW
300:Child
4838:Peru
4783:Iran
4422:Sati
4168:West
4063:East
4022:Iraq
3988:Asia
3685:List
3673:List
3622:Pets
3227:2015
2884:ISBN
2863:2021
2836:link
2726:2016
2679:2010
2644:ISBN
2622:2020
2594:2019
2377:help
2357:2018
2346:ISSN
2325:2016
2288:at:
2267:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2181:2020
2136:help
1924:2020
1896:ISBN
1767:ISSN
1703:2016
998:Iran
827:blog
783:Graz
708:Asia
664:and
652:and
530:VDPA
310:Mass
238:Laws
223:Gang
208:Date
188:Rape
110:Sati
3108:doi
3084:doi
3060:doi
3033:doi
3009:doi
2974:doi
2915:doi
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1759:doi
1669:doi
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