662:, where Krol was charged with trafficking approximately 1.6kg of pure heroin and Johnston was charged with trafficking 330 grams of pure heroin. Public prosecutor Sheik Mustapha attempted to introduce into evidence the fact that traces of heroin were detected in her urine after her arrest, which would contradict Krol's assertion to have never used narcotics. However Krol's defence lawyer P. Suppiah argued that such evidence was prejudicial to his client and also irrelevant to the charges she was on trial for. The trial judge dismissed the prosecution's application, as Krol was not charged with the offence of drug consumption and therefore the results of her
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740:, Krol claimed to have been sent on behalf of Kenrod Limited to sell gemstones in Thailand, however she had lost possession of them by the time of her arrest. Documentary evidence submitted to the court showed that Krol had travelled between Singapore and Thailand several times between December 1990 and her arrest in April 1991, where she stayed in expansive hotels despite not having any
733:
Johnson one of the items so that he could enquire with local cargo companies about exporting them overseas. Krol claimed that she suspected something was not right when
Johnson was taken into custody by the police, stating: "After Johnson's arrest I became afraid and suspected that there were drugs in those things. That's why I hid them in the sofa when the police knocked on my door."
764:
On 29 October 1993, both Krol & Johnson were acquitted after a 29 day trial by
Justice Lai Kew Chai, who ruled Krol had effectively rebutted the presumption of possession of narcotics with intent to commit drug trafficking by giving consistent testimony throughout the proceedings. The judge noted
707:, and under interrogation denied knowing her co-defendant Johnson, who had been arrested in possession of heroin on the same floor of the hotel a few days earlier. After searching the room, the officers found 5 steel cylinders under the sofa cushions, and Krol claimed to have never seen them before.
553:
would be less vigilant in checking passengers arriving from the city state. According to DEA estimates at the time, one kilogram of heroin could be sold in
America for a wholesale price of US$ 170,000 and would be worth over US$ 1 million by the time it was distributed at street dealing level.
702:
Testifying for the prosecution, Inspector
Gopalakrishnan of the Central Narcotics Bureau described how six day later he knocked on the door of Room 805 of the Park View Hotel on the morning of Krol's arrest, and was only granted entry with his team after he threatened to break the door down. Krol
604:
a few days later. After searching the room, the CNB officers discovered a cylindrical metal object about 15 centimeters in diameter. The officers cut open the wheel with specialist tools and discovered plastic packets of a powdery substance, later determined to be heroin, weighing a total of 473
732:
she met a
Nigerian man named "Mr. Oloo", the nephew of Kenrod Limited's chairman Felix Obeke, who handed over the 5 pistons to her. Krol was then instructed to travel to Singapore to meet her co-defendant Peter Johnson, who was to arrange the transport of the pistons to Nigeria. Krol had given
591:
On 13 April 1991, while investigating the same gang, officers from the
Central Narcotics Bureau raided the room of 36-year-old Nigerian national Peter Johnson, who was a fellow employee of Kenrod Limited, at the Park View hotel on Cavenagh Road. Along with Johnston, who had travelled from
804:
between
Holland and Singapore. Shadrake highlighted deviations from standard Singaporean legal procedures to back up his assertions, such as the trial judge not producing a written judgment, and the prosecution not appealing against his decision to acquit either.
669:
The court heard how Krol arrived in
Singapore in March 1991, and booked rooms for herself and Johnston at the Park View Hotel. CNB officers, acting on confidential information, raided Johnston's hotel room at 1pm on 13 April 1991, and discovered items such as a
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passports. Their vigilance resulted in many seizures of heroin being detected in possession of
African traffickers. In April 1991, the authorities became aware of a Nigerian led drug trafficking gang operating in Singapore, and alerted authorities in
471:
raid on her hotel room in
Singapore. Krol vehemently protested her innocence, and after after a 29 day trial she was acquitted of all charges and released from custody. She thus became the first defendant in Singaporean legal history to escape the
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and that Krol had given him one of the cylinders as security for a $ 500 loan. Johnson's testimony was partly backed up by a witness who confirmed that Johnson had made contact with his company and asked for a list of prices for sewing machines.
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that he did not believe Johnson's testimony, however as Krol had convinced him it was more probable than not that she had no prior knowledge of drugs being hidden in the metal wheels, her evidence therefore cleared Johnson of all charges also.
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and that she had been tasked with exporting them to Nigeria. The court also heard testimony from CNB officer Freddy Lee regarding a phone call Krol made to Johnson's hotel room just after his arrest that was intercepted by a
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The officers then broke the pistons open and discovered the heroin hidden inside, with Krol appearing astonished that they contained drugs. Krol thereafter changed her story, claiming the pistons were precision parts of a
777:, however she was re-arrested and charged with drug consumption in relation to the urine sample laced with heroin she provided to the police after she was first detained in 1991. However, when Krol appeared at the
694:) were also present. The officers cut open the wheel with specialist tools and discovered plastic packets of a powdery substance, later determined to be heroin, weighing a total of 473 grams inside.
229:
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828:[GENERAL ASTONISHMENT AFTER ACQUITTAL FOR LACK OF EVIDENCE by CHARLES SANDERS For the first time in Singapore, two suspects of such a drug offence go free MARIA KROL: “I THANK GOD”].
826:"VERBAZING ALOM NA VRIJSPRAAK BIJ GEBREK AAN BEWIJS door CHARLES SANDERS Voor het eerst gaan in Singapore twee verdachten van een dergelijk drugsdelict vrijuit MARIA KROL:IK HEB GOD BEDANKT"
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the prosecution announced that they were withdrawing the charge against her. Judge David Chew then ordered Krol to be released immediately, and Krol finally took a commercial flight to
1559:"Zielige beklaagde nu vinnige cynicus die voor haar leven vecht "Ze probeert met tientallen briefjes het proces te vertragen" door CHARLES SANDERS DE NIEUWE TACTIEK VAN MARIA KROL"
1561:[Pathetic defendant now a quick-witted cynic fighting for her life “She tries to delay the process with dozens of notes” by CHARLES SANDERS MARIA KROL 'S NEW TACTICS].
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579:-based Central Criminal Investigation Information Service (CRI) would later state there was strong indications the same gang had also recruited Dutch national
525:
While Nigeria had traditionally been used by foreign organized crime groups as a transit point for narcotics and as a source of drug mules, by the early 1990s
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to transport a couple of kilograms of heroin at a time via regular airline routes from transshipment points in Asia, such as Singapore, to
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criminal organizations had emerged as major traffickers themselves of Southeast Asian heroin, the majority of which was sourced from the
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dubbed the phenomenon "The Nigerian Connection", and increased surveillance at border checkpoints for individuals with
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grams inside. On 15 April 1991, Johnston was charged with trafficking the heroin he was caught with and
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1657:[Tumult during hearing after Krol's verdict : he also wanted to sell gemstones in Asia].
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raided her room at the Park View hotel at 11:40am and found five steel cylinders (which were engine
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Taking the stand in his own defence, Johnson claimed to be in Singapore on a business trip to buy
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with their two children. Krol worked for a Nigerian import/export company named Kenrod Limited in
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is a Dutch businesswoman who was acquitted of capital drug trafficking charges in Singapore.
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a few days before the raid, three other Nigerian nationals (who had recently arrived from
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a few days before the raid, three other Nigerian nationals (who had recently arrived from
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1091:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration.
1655:"Tumult tijdens zitting na uitspraak Krol heeft in Azië ook edelstenen willen verkopen"
774:
634:
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105:
Please do not remove reviewer comments or this notice until the submission is accepted.
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alleged that a political decision was made to find Krol not guilty, after the case of
1890:
793:
637:. The next day, Krol was charged with trafficking the heroin she was caught with and
509:
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169:
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625:) similar to what Johnston was caught with, containing a total of 2.1 kilograms of
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463:, Krol was subsequently arrested in possession of over 2 kilograms of high-quality
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Please note that if the issues are not fixed, the draft will be declined again.
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While purportedly working for a Nigerian drug trafficking organization via a
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A few hours after her acquittal, Krol attempted to fly back to Holland via
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to a suspected drug courier who had transited through the city state. The
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1376:"Dutch woman is first female Caucasian nabbed for drug trafficking here"
976:"Foiled: Nigerian's plan to use S'pore as base to recruit drug couriers"
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in 1934, Krol later married a Dutchman, and moved with him in 1970 from
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To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant
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1742:[Dutch woman arrested again in Singapore after acquittal].
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When question about her reasons for travelling from Nigeria to the
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1625:[Acquitted Maria Krol still in custody on other charges].
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1768:"Prosecution drops charge of consuming drugs against Dutch woman"
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Office of Intelligence and Heroin Investigations Section (1992).
600:) were also present. The four men were ultimately to travel onto
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Giving evidence in her own defence, Krol claimed that while in
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1490:"Accused's urine test results irrelevant in trafficking trial"
15:
1426:"One judge rule should not apply to my client, argues lawyer"
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On 17 September 1993, Krol and Johnston's trial began in the
940:"Nigerian Connection Floods U.S. Airports With Asian Heroin"
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worth an estimated $ 2.1 million. The drugs were wrapped in
330:
1460:[Evidence against Maria Krol swept off the table].
43:
coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in
35:
This submission's references do not show that the subject
1623:"Vrijgesproken Maria Krol nog vast voor andere aanklacht"
1292:"Van Damme mogelijk geronseld door Afrikaanse druglijn"
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1740:"Nederlandse in Singapore na vrijspraak weer opgepakt"
508:, authorities in Singapore believed it was actually a
1846:"Zaterdag zondag geen kwaad woord over de doodstraf"
1458:"Bewijsmateriaal tegen Maria Krol van tafel geveegd"
1135:"Deadly hide-and-seek game with S'pore drug busters"
22:
Submission declined on 24 September 2024 by
1866:
Once a Jolly Hangman: Singapore Justice in the Dock
1167:"3 Nigerians held, 4 kg of heroin seized at Changi"
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Once a Jolly Hangman: Singapore Justice in the Dock
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1527:"Dutch woman and Nigerian cleared in drug trial"
1185:"Drug agent: Nigerian said be careful of S'pore"
1800:"Vrijgelaten Maria Krol zag de dood in de ogen"
1521:
1519:
1517:
1260:"CNB helps Seoul police nab two drug suspects"
1239:"Nigerian caught with $ 10m in heroin to hang"
617:On 19 April 1991, Krol was arrested after the
476:for possession of a capital amount of illegal
1221:"Two Africans get death for importing heroin"
8:
1049:"Drug couriers try to cash in on tough laws"
994:"Drug couriers try to cash in on tough laws"
922:"West Africa Becomes Route for Heroin Trade"
521:Nigerian Drug Trafficking in South East Asia
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366:Dutch woman acquitted of drug trafficking
1802:[Freed Maria Krol faced death].
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1828:"Krol ontkent wetenschap drugshandel"
633:in an effort to prevent detection by
7:
800:being sentenced to death had soured
512:for international drug trafficking.
1013:"Anti-drug bureau scores successes"
164:Knowledge:Contributing to Knowledge
1863:Shadrake, Alan (January 1, 2011).
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583:to work for them as a drug mule.
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1086:Worldwide Heroin Situation 1991
958:"Out of Africa: The drug trail"
88:If you need extra help, please
748:2,500 cash in her possession.
361:08:06, 24 September 2024 (UTC)
176:Help:Referencing for beginners
1:
1466:(in Dutch). 23 September 1993
898:(in Dutch). 11 September 1993
558:CNB Surveillance in Singapore
190:– how to improve your article
184:– how to develop your article
182:Knowledge:Article development
1394:"Dutch woman on drug charge"
1011:Nair, Suresh (12 May 1986).
129:at the AfC Help Desk or get
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1808:(in Dutch). 1 November 1993
1748:(in Dutch). 30 October 1993
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834:(in Dutch). 30 October 1993
209:Knowledge:Featured articles
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1599:(in Dutch). 2 October 1993
1567:(in Dutch). 2 October 1993
1463:Nieuwsblad van het Noorden
866:(in Dutch). 10 August 1993
863:Nieuwsblad van het Noorden
703:immediately sat down on a
1341:"Nigerian on drug charge"
1103:"The Nigerian Connection"
480:with intent to traffick.
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102:from experienced editors.
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1203:"Three hanged in Changi"
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1689:[Too heavy].
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1722:"Saved by testimony"
802:diplomatic relations
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516:Background to Arrest
207:You can also browse
148:relevant WikiProject
1498:. 24 September 1993
1434:. 18 September 1993
860:[Transit].
639:remanded in custody
607:remanded in custody
201:third-party sources
1834:. 20 October 1993.
1728:. 30 October 1993.
1111:. 15 December 1990
944:The New York Times
926:The New York Times
798:Johannes Van Damme
724:Defence Statements
678:50,000 in cash, a
650:Opening Statements
581:Johannes van Damme
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295: 39 hours ago.
1852:. 27 August 1994.
1776:. 31 October 1993
1773:The Straits Times
1535:. 30 October 1993
1532:The Straits Times
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1209:. 27 August 1994.
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138:If you need
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227:WikiProject
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1891:Categories
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1687:"Te zwaar"
858:"Doorreis"
809:References
674:with over
664:urine test
484:Early life
454:Maria Krol
410:Occupation
385:1934-01-01
373:Maria Krol
264:Easy tools
1591:"Leugens"
902:21 August
692:Amsterdam
672:briefcase
598:Amsterdam
494:Groningen
478:narcotics
467:during a
429:Acquitted
279:Advanced:
235:Astronomy
231:Biography
144:talk page
132:live help
121:, please
99:live help
56:secondary
45:published
1812:8 August
1780:8 August
1752:8 August
1699:7 August
1667:7 August
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1115:8 August
1059:Archived
1023:Archived
870:7 August
838:7 August
738:Far East
688:Thailand
684:passport
682:British
594:Thailand
535:Thailand
490:Slovenia
488:Born in
418:Employer
393:Slovenia
353:WP:BLP1E
349:Comment:
316:Resubmit
198:reliable
50:reliable
1705:Delpher
1673:Delpher
1641:Delpher
1609:Delpher
1577:Delpher
1476:Delpher
1000:. 1989.
982:. 1991.
964:. 1991.
946:. 1992.
928:. 1987.
908:Delpher
876:Delpher
844:Delpher
760:Verdict
730:Bangkok
718:wiretap
623:pistons
577:Holland
498:Nigeria
270: (
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627:heroin
465:heroin
241:tags.
237:, and
1850:Trouw
1805:Trouw
1745:Trouw
1297:Trouw
1089:(PDF)
645:Trial
602:Seoul
502:Lagos
404:Dutch
146:of a
1871:ISBN
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746:US$
705:sofa
676:$ US
562:The
379:Born
272:help
211:and
30:talk
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