Drill - Knowledge (XXG)

942:

the desired direction. These drills are commonly used to secure long bolts or screws into wood, metal, and concrete, as well as loosening ceased or over torqued bolts. Impact drills come in two major types, pneumatic and electric, and vary in size depending on application. Electric impact drills are most often found cordless and are widely used in construction, automobile repair, and fabrication. These electric drills are preferred over the pneumatic driven because of their maneuverability and ease of use. Pneumatic impact drills rely on air and have to remain connected to an air source to maintain power. The chuck on impact drills is different from the conventional handheld power drill. The chuck acts more as a collet with a hexagonal shape in which the bits and drivers lock into. Impact drivers can also be used to bore holes like a standard pistol grip drill, but this requires a special bit that will lock into the hexagonal collet. The design of the impact drills are almost identical to modern pistol grip power drills with only one major difference. Impact drills have a shorter, skinnier, stubby receiver where the collet is located compared to the larger tapered chuck on a conventional drill. This allows the user to fit in smaller places that a normal drill would not. Impact drills are not great in regards to torque and speed control. Most handheld drills have a variable speed option, whereas most impact drills have a fixed torque and speed. Impact drills are not designed for precision work due to this lack of adjustability.

997: 1008:. Portable models are made, some including a magnetic base. Major components include a base, column (or pillar), adjustable table, spindle, chuck, and drill head, usually driven by an electric motor. The head typically has a set of three handles radiating from a central hub that are turned to move the spindle and chuck vertically. The distance from the center of the chuck to the closest edge of the column is the throat. The swing is simply twice the throat, and the swing is how drill presses are classified and sold. Thus, a tool with 4" throat has an 8" swing (it can drill a hole in the center of an 8" work piece), and is called an 8" drill press. 957:

and bit is comparable to that of the body of the drill, the energy transfer is inefficient and can sometimes make it difficult for larger bits to penetrate harder materials such as poured concrete. A standard hammer drill accepts 6 mm (1/4 inch) and 13 mm (1/2 inch) drill bits. The operator experiences considerable vibration, and the cams are generally made from hardened steel to avoid them wearing out quickly. In practice, drills are restricted to standard masonry bits up to 13 mm (1/2 inch) in diameter. A typical application for a hammer drill is installing electrical boxes, conduit straps or shelves in concrete.

777: 1187:. They combine a drill press (belt driven) with the X/Y coordinate abilities of the milling machine's table and a locking collet that ensures that the cutting tool will not fall from the spindle when lateral forces are experienced against the bit. Although they are light in construction, they have the advantages of being space-saving and versatile as well as inexpensive, being suitable for light machining that may otherwise not be affordable. 761: 320: 868: 980:"hammer only" which extends their usefulness for tasks such as chipping brick or concrete. Hole drilling progress is greatly superior to cam-type hammer drills, and these drills are generally used for holes of 19 mm (3/4 inch) or greater in size. A typical application for a rotary hammer drill is boring large holes for lag bolts in foundations, or installing large lead anchors in concrete for handrails or benches. 4782: 387: 741: 1069: 92: 505:, capable of reaching a depth of 1500 m. Churn drills in ancient China were built of wood and labor-intensive, but were able to go through solid rock. The churn drill appears in Europe during the 12th century. In 1835 Isaac Singer is reported to have built a steam powered churn drill based on the method the Chinese of a rod tipped with a bit. Also worth briefly discussing are the early 51: 262: 254: 4792: 796: 4802: 194: 490:, was composed of tubes wound round a cylinder; as the entire unit rotates, water is lifted within the spiral tube to the higher elevation. A later screw pump design from Egypt had a spiral groove cut on the outside of a solid wooden cylinder and then the cylinder was covered by boards or sheets of metal closely covering the surfaces between the grooves. 397:(strap-drill) are the first machine drills, as they convert a back and forth motion to a rotary motion, and they can be traced back to around 10,000 years ago. It was discovered that tying a cord around a stick, and then attaching the ends of the string to the ends of a stick (a bow), allowed a user to drill quicker and more efficiently. Mainly used to 989: 2117: 927:, and low weight. Instead of charging a tool for an hour to get 20 minutes of use, 20 minutes of charge can run the tool for an hour in average. Lithium-ion batteries also hold a charge for a significantly longer time than nickel-cadmium batteries, about two years if not used, vs. 1 to 4 months for a nickel-cadmium battery. 1111: 1047:

arrangement. Some drill presses add a third stepped pulley to increase the number of available speeds. Modern drill presses can, however, use a variable-speed motor in conjunction with the stepped-pulley system. Medium-duty drill presses such as those used in machine shop (tool room) applications are

1122:

from the machine's column. As it is possible to swing the arm relative to the machine's base, a radial arm drill press is able to operate over a large area without having to reposition the workpiece. This feature saves considerable time because it is much faster to reposition the machine's head than

1096:

and other commercial environments where a heavy duty machine capable of production drilling and quick setup changes is required. In most cases, the spindle is machined to accept Morse taper tooling for greater flexibility. Larger geared head drill presses are frequently fitted with power feed on the

956:

The hammer action of a hammer drill is provided by two cam plates that make the chuck rapidly pulse forward and backward as the drill spins on its axis. This pulsing (hammering) action is measured in Blows Per Minute (BPM) with 10,000 or more BPMs being common. Because the combined mass of the chuck

467:

was invented; however, the earliest picture found so far dates from the 15th century. It is a type of hand crank drill that consists of two parts as seen in the picture. The brace, on the upper half, is where the user holds and turns it and on the lower part is the bit. The bit is interchangeable as

425:

dates back to around 2500 BCE. The usage of bow-drills was widely spread through Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America, during ancient times and is still used today. Over the years many slight variations of bow and strap drills have developed for the various uses of either boring through materials

1143:

mm diameter in solid steel or cast iron. Radial arm drill presses are specified by the diameter of the column and the length of the arm. The length of the arm is usually the same as the maximum throat distance. The radial arm drill press pictured to the right has a 9-inch diameter and a 3-foot-long

941:

Also known as impact wrenches, is a form of drill that incorporates a hammer motion along with the rotating motion of a conventional drill. The hammering aspect of the impact drill occurs when the power of the motor cannot turn the bolt it will begin exerting bursts of force to "hammer" the bolt in

1101:

operations without the need for an external tapping attachment. This feature is commonplace on larger gear head drill presses. A clutch mechanism drives the tap into the part under power and then backs it out of the threaded hole once the proper depth is reached. Coolant systems are also common on

1055:

Drill presses are often used for miscellaneous workshop tasks other than drilling holes. This includes sanding, honing, and polishing. These tasks can be performed by mounting sanding drums, honing wheels and various other rotating accessories in the chuck. This can be unsafe in some cases, as the

887:

For much of the 20th century, attachments could commonly be purchased to convert corded electric hand drills into a range of other power tools, such as orbital sanders and power saws, more cheaply than purchasing dedicated versions of those tools. As the prices of power tools and suitable electric

358:

discovered the benefits of the application of rotary tools. This would have rudimentarily consisted of a pointed rock being spun between the hands to bore a hole through another material. This led to the hand drill, a smooth stick, that was sometimes attached to flint point, and was rubbed between

1080:

inside the machine's head, eliminating a flexible drive belt. This assures a positive drive at all times and minimizes maintenance. Gear head drills are intended for metalworking applications where the drilling forces are higher and the desired speed (RPM) is lower than that used for woodworking.

979:

In contrast to the cam-type hammer drill, a rotary/pneumatic hammer drill accelerates only the bit. This is accomplished through a piston design, rather than a spinning cam. Rotary hammers have much less vibration and penetrate most building materials. They can also be used as "drill only" or as

975:

chucks and matching (spline shank) drills, that have been designed to better withstand and transmit the percussive forces. These bits are effective at pulverising the masonry and drill into this hard material. Some styles of this tool are intended for masonry drilling only and the hammer action

1782: 2106: 1052:. This mechanism is based on variable-diameter pulleys driving a wide, heavy-duty belt. This gives a wide speed range as well as the ability to change speed while the machine is running. Heavy-duty drill presses used for metalworking are usually of the gear-head type described below. 915:. NiCd batteries have been around longer, so they are less expensive (their main advantage), but have more disadvantages compared to lithium-ion batteries. NiCd disadvantages are limited life, self-discharging, environment problems upon disposal, and eventually internally 1138:

Power spindle feed is nearly universal with these machines and coolant systems are common. Larger-size machines often have power feed motors for elevating or moving the arm. The biggest radial arm drill presses are able to drill holes as large as four inches or

1084:

Levers attached to one side of the head are used to select different gear ratios to change the spindle speed, usually in conjunction with a two- or three-speed motor (this varies with the material). Most machines of this type are designed to be operated on

452:. This allowed a hole to be drilled while only actually grinding the outer section of it. This completely separates the inner stone or wood from the rest, allowing the drill to pulverize less material to create a similarly sized hole. 1166:

is a portable machine for drilling holes in large and heavy workpieces which are difficult to move or bring to a stationary conventional drilling machine. It has a magnetic base and drills holes with the help of cutting tools like

883:

Most electric hammer drills are rated (input power) at between 600 and 1100 watts. The efficiency is usually 50–60% i.e. 1000 watts of input is converted into 500–600 watts of output (rotation of the drill and hammering action).

1878:"Specifications for registration of patent by William Blanch Brain and Arthur James Arnot titled – Improvements in electrical rock drills coal diggers and earth cutters" National Archives of Australia.1889 Retrieved 1 April 2006 895:

battery packs. Over the years battery voltages have increased, with 18 V drills being most common, but higher voltages are available, such as 24 V, 28 V, and 36 V. This allows these tools to produce as much

1638:

Trans. Eileen B. Hennyessy, Ed. Maurice, Daumas. A History of Technology & Invention: Progress Through the Ages, Volume 1: The Origins of Technological Civilization. Crown Publishers, Inc; New York. 1969

1625:

Trans. Eileen B. Hennyessy, Ed. Maurice, Daumas. A History of Technology & Invention: Progress Through the Ages, Volume 1: The Origins of Technological Civilization. Crown Publishers, Inc; New York.

1175:. There are various types depending on their operations and specializations, like magnetic drilling / tapping machines, cordless, pneumatic, compact horizontal, automatic feed, cross table base etc. 1097:

quill mechanism, with an arrangement to disengage the feed when a certain drill depth has been achieved or in the event of excessive travel. Some gear-head drill presses have the ability to perform

776: 1123:

it is to unclamp, move, and then re-clamp the workpiece to the table. The size of work that can be handled may be considerable, as the arm can swing out of the way of the table, allowing an

1089:

and are generally of more rugged construction than equivalently sized belt-driven units. Virtually all examples have geared racks for adjusting the table and head position on the column.

1131:

to place a bulky workpiece on the table or base. A vise may be used with a radial arm drill press, but more often the workpiece is secured directly to the table or base, or is held in a

1039:

Drill presses are almost always equipped with more powerful motors compared to hand-held drills. This enables larger drill bits to be used and also speeds up drilling with smaller bits.

1542:

Charles Singer; E. J. Holmyard and A. R. Hall. A History of Technology, Volume 1: From Early Times to Fall of Ancient Empires. Oxford University Press; London, England. 1967. p. 189

2084: 1616:

Charles Singer; E. J. Holmyard and A. R. Hall. A History of Technology, Volume 1: From Early Times to Fall of Ancient Empires. Oxford University Press; London, England. 1967 p. 226

1577:

Charles Singer;E. J. Holmyard and A. R. Hall. A History of Technology, Volume 1: From Early Times to Fall of Ancient Empires. Oxford University Press; London, England. 1967. p. 190

971:

The rotary hammer (also known as a rotary hammer drill, roto hammer drill or masonry drill). Standard chucks and parallel-shank carbide-tipped drills have been largely superseded by

555:. This was the start of the modern drill era. Over the last century the electric drill has been created in a variety of types and multiple sizes for an assortment of specific uses. 1551:

Charles Singer; E. J. Holmyard and A. R. Hall. A History of Technology, Volume 1: From Early Times to Fall of Ancient Empires. Oxford University Press; London, England.1967. p. 188

4675: 1321:

the machine is capable of producing. Typically a given drill will have its capacity specified for different materials, i.e., 10 mm for steel, 25 mm for wood, etc.

1989:

Rajitha Gunaratne, GD; Khan, R; Fick, D; Robertson, B; Dahotre, N; Ironside, C (January 2017). "A review of the physiological and histological effects of laser osteotomy".

2223: 1072:

A geared head drill press, with up to eight possible speeds accessible via shift levers on the head and a two speed motor control immediately in front of the quill handle

976:

cannot be disengaged. Other styles allow the drill to be used without the hammer action for normal drilling, or hammering to be used without rotation for chiselling.

1935: 2185: 463:

was used to drill larger holes starting sometime between Roman and Medieval ages. The auger allowed for more torque for larger holes. It is uncertain when the

996: 292:. Hand-operated types are dramatically decreasing in popularity and cordless battery-powered ones proliferating due to increased efficiency and ease of use. 4665: 1004:

A drill press (also known as a pedestal drill, pillar drill, or bench drill) is a style of drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor or

879:

combines a primary dedicated hammer mechanism with a separate rotation mechanism, and is used for more substantial material such as masonry or concrete.

524:

designed a steam-driven rotary drill, also the first drill to be powered by steam. In 1848 J.J. Couch invented the first pneumatic percussion drill.

215: 202: 3098: 1829: 3108: 2216: 1043:

For most drill presses—especially those meant for woodworking or home use—speed change is achieved by manually moving a belt across a stepped

3157: 2801: 1973: 1813: 1740: 1715: 1601: 760: 2076: 740: 4795: 4650: 3073: 2241: 1905: 448:

The hollow-borer tip, first used around the 13th century, consisted of a stick with a tubular shaped piece of metal on the end, such as

2291: 1049: 517:. Drill presses consisted of the powered drills that could be raised or lowered into a material, allowing for less force by the user. 1215:. The development of surgical drill technology has followed that of industrial drilling, including transitions to the use of lasers, 1144:

arm. The maximum throat distance of this machine would be approximately 36 inches, giving a maximum swing of 72 inches (6 feet or 1.8

4680: 2209: 2178: 1776: 1733:

Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater: Historical Foundation, Hydrologic Control, and Contaminant Remediation

1665: 240: 175: 78: 4655: 475:

Archimedes' screw, present in drills to remove perforation dirt from the hole, was invented in Hellenistic Egypt around 300 BCE.

1015:

Less effort is required to apply the drill to the workpiece. The movement of the chuck and spindle is by a lever working on a

468:

bits wear down. The auger uses a rotating helical screw similar to the Archimedean screw-shaped bit that is common today. The

4660: 2482: 792:

Drills powered by electricity (or more rarely, compressed air) are the most common tools in woodworking and machining shops.

113: 1766: 1227:

Drills are often used simply as motors to drive a variety of applications, in much the same way that tractors with generic

413:, around 7,500–9,000 years ago, containing nine adult bodies with a total of eleven teeth that had been drilled. There are 4670: 4380: 3398: 2354: 1927: 543:, Australia who patented the electric drill in 1889. The first portable handheld drill was created by in 1895 by brothers 1956:

Durand, R.; Voyer, R. (2018). "Step-by-Step Surgical Considerations and Techniques.". In Emami, E.; Feine J., J. (eds.).

4007: 2879: 2261: 2171: 2154: 1568:

tips were surprisingly effective for dialing tooth enamel in a prehistoric population." Nature. (April 6, 2006.); p755-6

2404: 2329: 563:

There are many types of drills: some are powered manually, others use electricity (electric drill) or compressed air (

923:

growth. Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more common because of their short charging time, longer life, absence of

711:

Breast drill, a heavy duty subtype of eggbeater drill that has a flat chest piece in addition to one or more handles

156: 4831: 3857: 2994: 2645: 1086: 568: 603:. Some small appliances that have no motor of their own may be drill-powered, such as small pumps, grinders, etc. 207: 128: 102: 4685: 3823: 3150: 3113: 2794: 2487: 2344: 1157: 1036:

The angle of the spindle is fixed relative to the table, allowing holes to be drilled accurately and consistently

823:). The latter have removable battery packs that can be swapped to allow uninterrupted drilling while recharging. 410: 311:

fabrication, construction and utility projects. Specially designed versions are made for miniature applications.

2839: 2477: 1290:

High-Speed Drill Bits – these are drill bits made to be very strong and therefore are often used to cut metals

30:

This article is about handheld machines and stationary machines used in a workshop. For drilling tunnels, see

1118:

A radial arm drill press is a large geared-head drill press in which the head can be moved along an arm that

135: 4037: 3185: 3180: 3078: 3068: 3063: 2939: 2763: 2567: 2552: 2492: 2454: 4805: 4762: 3843: 3813: 3808: 3514: 3103: 3093: 2597: 2577: 2472: 1494: 904: 109: 64: 39: 782:

A traditional wheel brace or hand drill, with hollow wooden handle and screw-on cap used for storing bits

4841: 3828: 3677: 3539: 3451: 3083: 2969: 2696: 2557: 2256: 31: 844: 838: 401:, bow-drills were also used in ancient woodwork, stonework, and dentistry. Archaeologists discovered a 142: 4826: 4785: 4690: 4574: 4465: 3959: 3639: 3619: 3559: 3143: 3123: 3118: 3044: 2894: 2787: 2681: 2587: 2286: 1533:

Roger Bridgeman. 1000 Inventions and Discoveries. The Smithsonian Institution. DK. New York; 2006. p7

1020: 820: 536: 1854: 4415: 4410: 3944: 3929: 3909: 3904: 3780: 3662: 3088: 3014: 2929: 2610: 2537: 2389: 972: 908: 289: 124: 4473: 3983: 3919: 3544: 3499: 3271: 3231: 2701: 2507: 2464: 2369: 2232: 2057: 2014: 1296:

Hole Saw – a large drill bit with a jagged edge, ideal for cutting larger holes (mostly in wood).

1208: 1119: 747: 720: 592: 532: 521: 1887:

US patent 1,245,860, S.D. Black & A.G. Decker, "Electrically driven tool", issued 1917-11-06

611:

Some forms of drills have been used since Pre-History, both to make holes in hard objects or as

2032:

Coulson, CJ; Reid, AP; Proops, DW; Brett, PN (June 2007). "ENT challenges at the small scale".

4767: 4624: 4604: 4455: 4435: 4022: 3765: 3489: 3331: 2974: 2899: 2738: 2733: 2271: 2049: 2006: 1969: 1809: 1772: 1736: 1711: 1661: 1655: 1597: 702: 612: 552: 544: 483: 380: 1897: 4425: 4400: 4375: 4345: 4002: 3584: 3479: 3246: 3039: 2686: 2449: 2439: 2414: 2409: 2394: 2276: 2251: 2041: 1998: 1961: 1000:

Drill press (then called a boring machine) boring wooden reels for winding barbed wire, 1917

920: 804: 724: 595:

are created with large drilling rigs. Some types of hand-held drills are also used to drive

319: 4757: 4370: 4306: 4080: 3800: 3770: 3730: 3644: 3346: 2384: 2319: 2314: 2158: 1681: 1514: 1278:– a general purpose drill bit for making holes in wood, plastic, metals, concrete and more 1184: 1016: 867: 827: 808: 456: 1708:

New Technology for Geosciences: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress

551:, Germany. In 1917 the first trigger-switch, pistol-grip portable drill was patented by 4836: 4736: 4726: 4634: 4594: 4390: 4385: 4350: 4301: 4276: 4266: 4256: 4070: 3833: 3529: 3351: 3336: 3321: 3256: 3221: 3024: 2964: 2660: 2620: 2542: 2419: 1228: 1168: 1132: 1124: 826:

A popular use of hand-held power drills is to set screws into wood, through the use of

580: 528: 359:

the palms. This was used by many ancient civilizations around the world including the

4820: 4706: 4599: 4569: 4271: 4241: 4236: 4226: 4173: 4027: 4012: 3974: 3924: 3914: 3667: 3624: 3381: 3306: 3216: 3211: 3019: 2984: 2919: 2914: 2844: 2676: 2640: 2625: 2444: 2399: 2379: 2374: 1504: 966: 936: 924: 916: 876: 684: 668: 659: 494: 469: 441:

times. It consists of a vertical spindle aligned by a piece of horizontal wood and a

422: 418: 2061: 2018: 1293:

Spade drill Bits – spade-shaped drill bits used primarily to bore holes in softwoods

4519: 4450: 4405: 4395: 4360: 4291: 4286: 4246: 4218: 4153: 4138: 4075: 4047: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3649: 3629: 3366: 3341: 3326: 3286: 3251: 2959: 2904: 2869: 2864: 2655: 2635: 2522: 2194: 2145: 1808:. Littleton, Colo: Soc. for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. p. 174. 1499: 1212: 1033:

to be used to position and restrain the work, making the operation much more secure

1030: 951: 912: 850: 767: 751: 584: 572: 498: 464: 438: 398: 360: 354: 332: 324: 308: 304: 300: 149: 35: 2002: 1068: 531:, led to the invention of the electric drill. It is credited to mining engineers 4741: 4731: 4619: 4445: 4430: 4296: 4281: 4231: 4178: 4143: 4085: 4032: 3964: 3705: 3421: 3371: 3166: 3049: 2884: 2854: 2605: 2532: 2424: 2334: 1965: 1317:

can produce in a certain material. It is essentially a proxy for the continuous

1314: 1310: 1284: 1275: 1238: 1098: 1076:

A geared head drill press transmits power from the motor to the spindle through

1057: 1026: 860: 812: 678: 656:, a straight shaft with a wood-cutting blade at the bottom and a T-shaped handle 502: 414: 386: 296: 286: 91: 17: 4629: 4584: 4365: 4311: 4261: 4251: 4203: 4193: 4148: 4090: 4055: 3995: 3750: 3740: 3735: 3599: 3554: 3403: 3316: 3281: 3009: 2989: 2924: 2810: 2758: 2753: 2630: 2547: 2339: 2151: 1219:, use of advanced imaging technologies to guide drilling, and robotic drills. 1056:

chuck arbor, which may be retained in the spindle solely by the friction of a

863:– larger power drill with a rigid holding frame, standalone mounted on a bench 716: 706: 663: 653: 637: 625: 588: 460: 434: 430: 336: 70: 4564: 4534: 4529: 4420: 4355: 4198: 4183: 4158: 3969: 3949: 3894: 3884: 3818: 3790: 3725: 3361: 3296: 3241: 3236: 3226: 3034: 3029: 3004: 2979: 2949: 2859: 2826: 2748: 2743: 2711: 2706: 2527: 2517: 2502: 2434: 2309: 1561: 1509: 1413: 1394: 1371: 1352: 1329: 1266: 1241:

tips of various kinds – flathead, Philips, etc. for driving screws in or out

1216: 1204: 1172: 1093: 1005: 730: 631: 619: 548: 540: 514: 402: 394: 372: 345: 282: 278: 261: 2053: 2034:

The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery

2010: 795: 509:; they were machine tools that derived from bow-drills but were powered by 486:

before the 3rd century BC. The Egyptian screw, used to lift water from the

193: 253: 4544: 4524: 4514: 4168: 4133: 3869: 3745: 3672: 3614: 3579: 3574: 3471: 3390: 3301: 3266: 3261: 2944: 2909: 2821: 2497: 2364: 2324: 2299: 1755:

Alban J. Lynch; Chester A. Rowland (2005). The History of Grinding. p.173

1436: 1306: 816: 600: 510: 442: 406: 649:

Hand-powered metal drills have been in use for centuries. They include:

4721: 4716: 4609: 4579: 4539: 4483: 4337: 4316: 4208: 4163: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4095: 4065: 4060: 3934: 3838: 3775: 3720: 3609: 3564: 3519: 3441: 3431: 3416: 3311: 3291: 2954: 2934: 2874: 2849: 2768: 2728: 2650: 2582: 2512: 2429: 1196: 1128: 988: 854: 674: 587:

are used to bore holes in the earth to obtain water or oil. Oil wells,

576: 571:(for example, earth drilling augers). Drills with a percussive action ( 376: 277:

used for making round holes or driving fasteners. It is fitted with a

4711: 4440: 4188: 3939: 3889: 3785: 3755: 3695: 3569: 3494: 3456: 3409: 3276: 3194: 2999: 2615: 2572: 2562: 2266: 2113: 1325: 1318: 1044: 897: 831: 472:

is also worth mentioning as it is a scaled down version of an auger.

449: 421:

using bow-drills. The earliest evidence of these tools being used in

328: 2045: 1281:

Counterbore Drill Bits – a drill bit used to enlarge existing holes

640:– The shaft is spun by pushing down on a hand bar and by a flywheel 4589: 4498: 4493: 4478: 3690: 3683: 3654: 3634: 3604: 3589: 3549: 3534: 3524: 3509: 3504: 3484: 3461: 3436: 3356: 2691: 2077:"The cheap innovations the NHS could take from sub-Saharan Africa" 1565: 1110: 1109: 1067: 995: 987: 888:

motors have fallen such attachments have become much less common.

866: 794: 634:– The shaft is spun by cord of a bow that is moved back and forth. 596: 482:. The first records of a water screw, or screw pump, date back to 385: 368: 340: 318: 260: 252: 1102:

these machines to prolong tool life under production conditions.

1011:

A drill press has a number of advantages over a hand-held drill:

4488: 4017: 3954: 3879: 3760: 3715: 3710: 3446: 3190: 1200: 1077: 1060:, may dislodge during operation if the side loads are too high. 892: 487: 479: 364: 274: 3139: 2783: 2205: 2167: 2163: 4614: 4105: 3874: 3700: 3594: 3426: 3135: 2779: 1855:"Drilling machinery | Types, Uses & Benefits | Britannica" 459:

to bore smaller holes for a larger part of human history, the

187: 85: 44: 857:. The hammer action may be engaged or disengaged as required. 853:– combines rotary motion with a hammer action for drilling 417:

depicting Egyptian carpenters and bead makers in a tomb at

1324:

For example, the maximum recommended capacities for the

1594:

The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering, Second Edition

567:) as the motive power, and a minority are driven by an 527:

The next great advancement in drilling technology, the

2148:– From US Department of Labor (Accessed 29 April 2007) 4676:

International Federation of Building and Wood Workers

891:

Early cordless drills used interchangeable 7.2

501:

were invented as early as 221 BC during the Chinese

455:

While the pump-drill and the bow-drill were used in

4750: 4699: 4643: 4557: 4507: 4464: 4336: 4329: 4217: 4104: 4046: 3856: 3799: 3470: 3389: 3380: 3204: 3173: 2669: 2596: 2463: 2353: 2285: 2240: 116:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1287:– a drill bit to create a wide opening for a screw 1231:are used to power ploughs, mowers, trailers, etc. 628:– The shaft is spun by rubbing motion of the hands 2146:Nonfatal Occupational Injuries Involving the Eyes 1706:Geng Ruilun (1 October 1997). Guo Huadong (ed.). 1596:. Taylor & Francis. p. 7 in chapter 2. 1092:Geared head drill presses are commonly found in 847:– used to drill or drive screws in tight spaces. 2152:NIOSH Power Tools Sound and Vibrations Database 1991:Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 834:to avoid damaging the slots on the screw head. 701:, as it is analogous in form to a hand-cranked 433:was developed in ancient Egypt by 3000 BC. The 1654:Stewart, Bobby Alton; Terry A. Howell (2003). 1634: 1632: 3151: 2795: 2217: 2179: 1804:Lynch, Alban J.; Rowland, Chester A. (2005). 841:– the most common hand-held power drill type. 687:, an instrument used throughout skull surgery 363:. The earliest perforated artifacts, such as 8: 575:) are mostly used in hard materials such as 1183:Mill drills are a lighter alternative to a 830:. Drills optimized for this purpose have a 79:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4333: 3862: 3386: 3158: 3144: 3136: 2802: 2788: 2780: 2224: 2210: 2202: 2186: 2172: 2164: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1234:Accessories available for drills include: 343:) found on board the 16th century warship 2107:"DeWalt DCD790/DCD795 Instruction Manual" 1587: 1585: 1583: 662:, a modified auger powered by means of a 241:Learn how and when to remove this message 176:Learn how and when to remove this message 4666:Building and Wood Workers' International 1731:James E. Landmeyer (15 September 2011). 1560:A, Coppa. "Early Neolithic tradition of 1334: 1305:Drilling capacity indicates the maximum 1019:, which gives the operator considerable 409:, Pakistan, dating from the time of the 218:of all important aspects of the article. 1688:. The Encyclopaedia Britannica Co. 2011 1592:Jacques W. Delleur (12 December 2010). 1526: 736: 723:or Persian drills, which use spiral or 390:Anatomy of a pistol-grip corded drill. 327:and other carpentry tools including a 214:Please consider expanding the lead to 1271:Some of the main drill bit types are 7: 4801: 2087:from the original on 2 December 2018 1768:History's Most Dangerous Jobs Miners 1332:types and materials are as follows: 1203:; specialties that use them include 622:– The shaft is twisted with one hand 114:adding citations to reliable sources 4791: 4651:American Association of Woodturners 1898:"Solved! What Is an Impact Driver?" 1765:Burton, Anthony (1 February 2013). 1328:DCD790 cordless drill for specific 911:, with each holding about half the 733:, a small hand-held jeweler's drill 445:to maintain accuracy and momentum. 1050:continuously variable transmission 265:A lightweight magnetic-mount drill 25: 4681:National Wood Carvers Association 1785:from the original on 27 June 2017 671:, a small tool for drilling holes 257:A hand-held corded electric drill 60:This article has multiple issues. 4800: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4656:Architectural Woodwork Institute 2123:from the original on 22 May 2014 1247:Nibblers for cutting metal sheet 871:A heavy duty rotary hammer drill 775: 759: 739: 695:or hand drill, also known as an 506: 192: 90: 49: 1938:from the original on 2021-06-28 1908:from the original on 2021-10-25 1660:. USA: CRC Press. p. 759. 905:nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries 821:rechargeable electric batteries 766:Carpenter using a hand-powered 579:(brick, concrete and stone) or 206:may be too short to adequately 101:needs additional citations for 68:or discuss these issues on the 4661:British Woodworking Federation 2483:Electrical discharge machining 2272:Numerical control (NC and CNC) 2075:Darzi, Ara (27 October 2017). 1960:. Springer. pp. 107–153. 1686:Encyclopædia Britannica online 216:provide an accessible overview 1: 4671:Caricature Carvers of America 2003:10.1080/03091902.2016.1199743 1958:Mandibular implant prostheses 1657:Encyclopedia of water science 1199:to remove or create holes in 478:The screw pump is the oldest 1830:"The First Percussion Drill" 903:Common battery types of are 295:Drills are commonly used in 2330:List of drill and tap sizes 1966:10.1007/978-3-319-71181-2_8 4858: 2646:Magnetic switchable device 1264: 1155: 1087:three-phase electric power 964: 949: 934: 569:internal combustion engine 480:positive displacement pump 34:. For drilling wells, see 29: 4776: 4686:Society of Wood Engravers 3865: 3058: 2835: 2817: 2724: 2488:Electrochemical machining 2201: 1793:– via Google Books. 1735:. Springer. p. 112. 1445: 1348: 1171:(broach cutters) or with 1158:Magnetic drilling machine 681:but with a drilling point 27:Tool used to create holes 3099:Machine and metalworking 1928:"Choosing a Drill Press" 3109:Measuring and alignment 2568:Rotary transfer machine 2553:Photochemical machining 2493:Electron-beam machining 2455:Tool and cutter grinder 1806:The history of grinding 1441:2 in (51 mm) 1256:Rotary cleaning brushes 900:as some corded drills. 803:Electric drills can be 545:Wilhelm & Carl Fein 4763:Frameless construction 3844:Wood-plastic composite 1834:Construction Equipment 1482: in (35 mm) 1461: in (13 mm) 1431: in (35 mm) 1408: in (13 mm) 1389: in (32 mm) 1366: in (22 mm) 1285:Countersink Drill Bits 1253:Rotary polishing discs 1115: 1114:Radial arm drill press 1073: 1001: 993: 872: 800: 391: 349: 266: 258: 40:Drill (disambiguation) 38:. For other uses, see 2970:Random orbital sander 2764:Tools and terminology 1113: 1071: 999: 991: 909:lithium-ion batteries 870: 798: 389: 322: 264: 256: 32:Tunnel boring machine 4691:Timber Framers Guild 3545:Australian Blackwood 3074:Cutting and abrasive 2895:Electric motor brake 2682:Machining vibrations 2588:Ultrasonic machining 1710:. VSP. p. 225. 1250:Rotary sanding discs 1152:Magnetic drill press 1021:mechanical advantage 537:William Blanch Brain 457:Western Civilization 437:was invented during 379:found, are from the 110:improve this article 4411:Hammer-headed tenon 3930:Janka hardness test 2702:Tool and die making 2390:Cylindrical grinder 1926:Chad (2011-10-12). 1195:Drills are used in 1025:The table allows a 426:or lighting fires. 3272:Japanese carpentry 2370:Abrasive machining 2157:2016-06-30 at the 1859:www.britannica.com 1209:orthopedic surgery 1116: 1074: 1002: 994: 873: 801: 754:operating an auger 748:Georges de La Tour 593:geothermal heating 553:Black & Decker 533:Arthur James Arnot 522:Richard Trevithick 392: 352:Around 35,000 BC, 350: 339:, and rudimentary 267: 259: 4832:Rotating machines 4814: 4813: 4768:Green woodworking 4625:Wood preservation 4553: 4552: 4456:Tongue and groove 4436:Mortise and tenon 4325: 4324: 4023:Warrington hammer 3852: 3851: 3540:African Blackwood 3332:Segmented turning 3133: 3132: 2975:Reciprocating saw 2777: 2776: 2720: 2719: 1975:978-3-319-71181-2 1815:978-0-87335-238-3 1771:. History Press. 1742:978-94-007-1956-9 1717:978-90-6764-265-1 1603:978-0-8493-4316-2 1486: 1485: 845:Right-angle drill 839:Pistol-grip drill 484:Hellenistic Egypt 381:Upper Paleolithic 251: 250: 243: 233: 232: 186: 185: 178: 160: 83: 16:(Redirected from 4849: 4804: 4803: 4794: 4793: 4784: 4783: 4334: 4003:Thickness planer 3863: 3657:(lime, basswood) 3387: 3247:Chainsaw carving 3160: 3153: 3146: 3137: 3040:Thickness planer 2804: 2797: 2790: 2781: 2687:Speeds and feeds 2440:Sharpening stone 2415:Grinding machine 2410:Grinding dresser 2277:Stewart platform 2226: 2219: 2212: 2203: 2188: 2181: 2174: 2165: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2122: 2111: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2029: 2023: 2022: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1651: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1589: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1335: 1276:twist drill bits 1173:twist drill bits 1147: 1142: 1048:equipped with a 917:short circuiting 828:screwdriver bits 779: 763: 743: 700: 699: 694: 693: 246: 239: 228: 225: 219: 196: 188: 181: 174: 170: 167: 161: 159: 118: 94: 86: 75: 53: 52: 45: 21: 18:Drilling machine 4857: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4846: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4772: 4758:Frame and panel 4746: 4695: 4639: 4549: 4508:Surface piecing 4503: 4460: 4381:Crown of thorns 4321: 4307:Smoothing plane 4213: 4100: 4042: 3945:Milling machine 3848: 3809:Cross-laminated 3795: 3466: 3376: 3347:Spindle turning 3337:Shingle weaving 3307:Pallet crafting 3200: 3169: 3164: 3134: 3129: 3128: 3054: 2950:Power miter saw 2831: 2813: 2808: 2778: 2773: 2716: 2665: 2592: 2459: 2450:Surface grinder 2385:Coated abrasive 2356: 2349: 2320:Drill bit sizes 2315:Drill bit shank 2290: 2281: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2197: 2192: 2159:Wayback Machine 2142: 2137: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2046:10.1002/rcs.132 2031: 2030: 2026: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1909: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1839: 1837: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1779: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1743: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1668: 1653: 1652: 1643: 1637: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1604: 1591: 1590: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1515:Drill bit sizes 1491: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1427: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1404: 1400: 1399: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1303: 1269: 1263: 1225: 1193: 1185:milling machine 1181: 1169:annular cutters 1160: 1154: 1145: 1140: 1108: 1066: 1017:rack and pinion 986: 969: 963: 954: 948: 939: 933: 809:electric outlet 790: 783: 780: 771: 770:to drill a hole 764: 755: 744: 698:eggbeater drill 697: 696: 691: 690: 677:, similar to a 647: 609: 591:, or holes for 565:pneumatic drill 561: 323:A wooden drill 317: 247: 236: 235: 234: 229: 223: 220: 213: 201:This article's 197: 182: 171: 165: 162: 119: 117: 107: 95: 54: 50: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4855: 4853: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4798: 4788: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4737:Quarter sawing 4734: 4729: 4727:Wood splitting 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4635:Wood finishing 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4595:Paint stripper 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4302:Shoulder plane 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4277:Moulding plane 4274: 4269: 4267:Japanese plane 4264: 4259: 4257:Grooving plane 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4110: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4071:Flooring clamp 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4028:Winding sticks 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4008:Timber-framing 4005: 4000: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3834:Particle board 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3814:Glue laminated 3811: 3805: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3395: 3393: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3352:Timber framing 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3322:Relief carving 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3222:Bush carpentry 3219: 3214: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3155: 3148: 3140: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3064:Types of tools 3060: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3025:Soldering iron 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2965:Radial arm saw 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2784: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2543:Milling cutter 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2420:Grinding wheel 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2248: 2246: 2242:Computer-aided 2238: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2206: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2149: 2141: 2140:External links 2138: 2135: 2134: 2116:. p. 14. 2098: 2067: 2024: 1981: 1974: 1948: 1932:Extreme How To 1918: 1904:. 2020-07-22. 1889: 1880: 1871: 1846: 1821: 1814: 1796: 1777: 1757: 1748: 1741: 1723: 1716: 1698: 1673: 1666: 1641: 1628: 1618: 1609: 1602: 1579: 1570: 1553: 1544: 1535: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1397: 1391: 1390: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1341:Drill bit type 1339: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1265:Main article: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1224: 1221: 1192: 1189: 1180: 1177: 1164:magnetic drill 1156:Main article: 1153: 1150: 1125:overhead crane 1107: 1104: 1065: 1062: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1023: 985: 982: 965:Main article: 962: 959: 950:Main article: 947: 944: 935:Main article: 932: 929: 881: 880: 865: 864: 858: 848: 842: 799:Cordless drill 789: 786: 785: 784: 781: 774: 772: 765: 758: 756: 745: 738: 735: 734: 728: 714: 713: 712: 688: 682: 672: 666: 657: 646: 643: 642: 641: 635: 629: 623: 608: 605: 560: 557: 529:electric motor 405:grave yard in 316: 313: 249: 248: 231: 230: 210:the key points 200: 198: 191: 184: 183: 166:September 2008 98: 96: 89: 84: 58: 57: 55: 48: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4854: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4807: 4799: 4797: 4789: 4787: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4707:Chainsaw mill 4705: 4704: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644:Organizations 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4600:Steam bending 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4570:French polish 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4441:Rabbet/Rebate 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4426:Mason's mitre 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4272:Jointer plane 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4242:Compass plane 4240: 4238: 4237:Chamfer plane 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4227:Bedrock plane 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4013:Veneer hammer 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3925:Impact driver 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3741:Red Quebracho 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3217:Bow and arrow 3215: 3213: 3212:Boat building 3210: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3020:Soldering gun 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2985:Rotary hammer 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2920:Impact wrench 2918: 2916: 2915:Impact driver 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2880:Cutting torch 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:Angle grinder 2843: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2677:Cutting fluid 2675: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641:Machine taper 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2626:Indexing head 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2598:Machine tools 2595: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2445:Spark testing 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2400:Flick grinder 2398: 2396: 2395:Diamond plate 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2380:Bench grinder 2378: 2376: 2375:Angle grinder 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2239: 2235:and computing 2234: 2227: 2222: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1949: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1919: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1872: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1784: 1780: 1778:9780752492254 1774: 1770: 1769: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1734: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1713: 1709: 1702: 1699: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1669: 1667:0-8247-0948-9 1663: 1659: 1658: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1548: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1505:Drifter drill 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1239:Screw-driving 1237: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1186: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1159: 1151: 1149: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1112: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1082: 1079: 1070: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1007: 998: 992:A drill press 990: 983: 981: 977: 974: 968: 967:Rotary hammer 961:Rotary hammer 960: 958: 953: 945: 943: 938: 937:Impact wrench 931:Impact drills 930: 928: 926: 925:memory effect 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 894: 889: 885: 878: 877:Rotary hammer 875: 874: 869: 862: 859: 856: 852: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 836: 835: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 810: 807:(fed from an 806: 797: 793: 787: 778: 773: 769: 762: 757: 753: 749: 742: 737: 732: 729: 726: 722: 718: 715: 710: 709: 708: 704: 689: 686: 685:Cranial drill 683: 680: 676: 673: 670: 667: 665: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 650: 644: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 617: 616: 614: 606: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 585:Drilling rigs 582: 578: 574: 573:hammer drills 570: 566: 558: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 518: 516: 512: 508: 507:drill presses 504: 500: 496: 491: 489: 485: 481: 476: 473: 471: 466: 465:brace and bit 462: 458: 453: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 388: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 356: 348: 347: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 321: 314: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 293: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 263: 255: 245: 242: 227: 217: 211: 209: 204: 199: 195: 190: 189: 180: 177: 169: 158: 155: 151: 148: 144: 141: 137: 134: 130: 127: – 126: 122: 121:Find sources: 115: 111: 105: 104: 99:This article 97: 93: 88: 87: 82: 80: 73: 72: 67: 66: 61: 56: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 4842:Construction 4575:Heat bending 4520:Edge banding 4292:Router plane 4287:Rebate plane 4247:Finger plane 3978: 3899: 3682: 3676: 3656: 3650:Lignum vitae 3408: 3402: 3367:Wood carving 3342:Shipbuilding 3327:Root carving 3287:Log building 3252:Chip carving 2995:Router table 2960:Power trowel 2905:Hammer drill 2889: 2870:Concrete saw 2865:Circular saw 2656:Rotary table 2636:Lathe center 2523:Machine tool 2355:Grinding and 2304: 2195:Metalworking 2125:. Retrieved 2101: 2089:. Retrieved 2081:The Guardian 2080: 2070: 2037: 2033: 2027: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1957: 1951: 1940:. Retrieved 1931: 1921: 1910:. Retrieved 1901: 1892: 1883: 1874: 1863:. Retrieved 1861:. 2024-07-28 1858: 1849: 1838:. Retrieved 1836:. 2018-07-26 1833: 1824: 1805: 1799: 1787:. Retrieved 1767: 1760: 1751: 1732: 1726: 1707: 1701: 1690:. Retrieved 1685: 1676: 1656: 1621: 1612: 1593: 1573: 1556: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1500:Dental drill 1323: 1304: 1270: 1233: 1226: 1213:neurosurgery 1194: 1182: 1163: 1161: 1137: 1117: 1091: 1083: 1078:spur gearing 1075: 1054: 1042: 1010: 1003: 978: 970: 955: 952:Hammer drill 946:Hammer drill 940: 913:market share 902: 890: 886: 882: 851:Hammer drill 825: 802: 791: 788:Power drills 746:Painting by 648: 645:Hand-powered 610: 564: 562: 526: 519: 515:water wheels 499:churn drills 492: 477: 474: 454: 447: 428: 393: 355:Homo sapiens 353: 351: 344: 309:machine tool 305:construction 301:metalworking 294: 270: 268: 237: 221: 205: 203:lead section 172: 163: 153: 146: 139: 132: 120: 108:Please help 103:verification 100: 76: 69: 63: 62:Please help 59: 36:Drilling rig 4827:Hole making 4796:WikiProject 4742:Rift sawing 4732:Flat sawing 4620:Wood drying 4297:Scrub plane 4282:Razee plane 4232:Block plane 4086:Mitre clamp 4033:Wood scribe 3984:Combination 3726:Purpleheart 3422:Douglas fir 3372:Woodturning 3205:Occupations 3167:Woodworking 3124:Woodworking 3050:Wood shaper 3045:Wood router 2885:Die grinder 2855:Belt sander 2811:Power tools 2734:Fabrication 2670:Terminology 2606:Angle plate 2533:Metal lathe 2425:Jig grinder 2335:Tap and die 2244:engineering 2040:(2): 91–6. 1997:(1): 1–12. 1315:drill press 1311:power drill 1244:Water pumps 1223:Accessories 1064:Geared head 984:Drill press 861:Drill press 813:power cable 707:bevel gears 692:Wheel brace 679:screwdriver 613:fire drills 589:water wells 503:Qin dynasty 415:hieroglyphs 399:create fire 297:woodworking 281:, either a 224:August 2021 4821:Categories 4751:Techniques 4700:Conversion 4630:Wood stain 4558:Treatments 4346:Birdsmouth 4312:Spokeshave 4262:Jack plane 4252:Fore plane 4091:Pipe clamp 4056:Band clamp 3980:Carpenters 3801:Engineered 3751:Rubberwood 3600:Eucalyptus 3404:Calocedrus 3317:Pyrography 3282:Kohlrosing 3010:Scroll saw 2990:Rotary saw 2940:Multi-tool 2925:Jackhammer 2840:Air hammer 2754:Metallurgy 2548:Pantograph 2340:Tap wrench 2091:2 December 1942:2021-06-28 1912:2021-09-23 1865:2024-08-30 1840:2024-08-30 1692:2011-03-24 1521:References 1261:Drill bits 1106:Radial arm 1094:tool rooms 811:through a 752:St. Joseph 727:mechanisms 725:ratcheting 719:, such as 664:crankshaft 638:Pump drill 626:Hand drill 599:and other 435:pump drill 431:core drill 337:spokeshave 136:newspapers 65:improve it 4540:Parquetry 4535:Oystering 4530:Marquetry 4371:Butterfly 4038:Workbench 3970:Sandpaper 3950:Mitre box 3895:Drawknife 3885:Burnisher 3870:Abrasives 3819:Hardboard 3480:Afromosia 3362:Whittling 3312:Parquetry 3297:Marquetry 3242:Certosina 3237:Carpentry 3227:Cabinetry 3174:Overviews 3035:Table saw 3030:Steam box 3005:Screw gun 2980:Rivet gun 2860:Blowtorch 2827:Workbench 2749:Machining 2744:Jewellery 2712:Workpiece 2707:Tramp oil 2697:Tolerance 2528:Machining 2518:Jig borer 2503:Engraving 2478:Broaching 2465:Machining 2345:Threading 2310:Drill bit 2292:threading 2233:Machining 1562:dentistry 1510:Drill bit 1414:Self-feed 1344:Capacity 1330:drill bit 1267:Drill bit 1217:endoscopy 1205:dentistry 1058:taper fit 1006:workbench 731:Pin chuck 703:eggbeater 632:Bow drill 607:Primitive 601:fasteners 549:Stuttgart 541:Melbourne 511:windmills 411:Harappans 403:Neolithic 395:Bow drill 346:Mary Rose 208:summarize 71:talk page 4786:Category 4565:Adhesive 4545:Purfling 4525:Intarsia 4466:Profiles 4391:Dovetail 4330:Geometry 4169:Hand saw 4154:Crosscut 4139:Circular 4134:Chainsaw 4081:Holdfast 3746:Rosewood 3678:American 3673:Mahogany 3645:Jelutong 3615:Hornbeam 3580:Cocobolo 3575:Chestnut 3490:Andiroba 3302:Millwork 3267:Intarsia 3262:Fretwork 3257:Ébéniste 3186:Glossary 3079:Forestry 3069:Cleaning 2945:Nail gun 2910:Heat gun 2900:Glue gun 2822:Sawhorse 2759:Smithing 2498:End mill 2405:Grinding 2365:Abrasive 2325:Drilling 2300:Die head 2287:Drilling 2155:Archived 2118:Archived 2085:Archived 2062:23907940 2054:17619240 2019:22296217 2011:27345105 1936:Archived 1906:Archived 1902:Bob Vila 1783:Archived 1489:See also 1466:Hole saw 1437:Hole saw 1338:Material 1309:a given 1307:diameter 1301:Capacity 1191:Surgical 1120:radiates 921:dendrite 819:(fed by 817:cordless 520:In 1813 443:flywheel 407:Mehrgarh 4806:Commons 4722:Whipsaw 4717:Sawmill 4610:Varnish 4605:Thermal 4580:Lacquer 4515:Binding 4484:Chamfer 4351:Biscuit 4317:Surform 4209:Whipsaw 4179:Keyhole 4164:Fretsaw 4144:Compass 4129:Bucksaw 4119:Bandsaw 4114:Backsaw 4096:Sawbuck 4066:F-clamp 4061:C-clamp 3935:Jointer 3839:Plywood 3791:Zebrano 3731:Ovankol 3696:Meranti 3684:African 3655:Linden 3610:Hickory 3565:Cedrela 3560:Camphor 3555:Bubinga 3550:Boxwood 3530:Bilinga 3515:Avodire 3432:Juniper 3417:Cypress 3292:Luthier 3181:History 3104:Masonry 3094:Kitchen 2955:Nibbler 2935:Jointer 2875:Crusher 2850:Bandsaw 2769:Welding 2739:Forming 2729:Casting 2661:Wiggler 2651:Mandrel 2621:Fixture 2583:Turning 2578:Skiving 2538:Milling 2513:Hobbing 2435:Sanding 2430:Lapping 2357:lapping 1682:"Screw" 1477:⁄ 1456:⁄ 1426:⁄ 1403:⁄ 1384:⁄ 1361:⁄ 1197:surgery 1133:fixture 1129:derrick 1099:tapping 919:due to 855:masonry 675:Bradawl 577:masonry 493:In the 377:antlers 315:History 150:scholar 125:"Drill" 4712:Hewing 4451:Splice 4406:Halved 4401:Groove 4396:Finger 4376:Coping 4361:Bridle 4338:Joints 4219:Planes 4204:Veneer 4194:Scroll 4189:Ripsaw 4174:Jigsaw 4149:Coping 4048:Clamps 3975:Square 3965:Shaper 3960:Router 3940:Mallet 3915:Gimlet 3890:Chisel 3786:Willow 3776:Walnut 3766:Totara 3756:Sapele 3721:Poplar 3706:Padauk 3668:Merbau 3640:Jarrah 3625:Imbuia 3620:Idigbo 3585:Cumaru 3570:Cherry 3495:Anigre 3457:Spruce 3410:Cedrus 3277:Khatam 3232:Caning 3195:lumber 3114:Mining 3084:Garden 3000:Sander 2930:Jigsaw 2616:Collet 2573:Shaper 2563:Reamer 2558:Planer 2508:Facing 2473:Boring 2267:G-code 2127:22 May 2114:DeWalt 2060: 2052: 2017: 2009: 1972: 1812: 1775: 1739: 1714: 1664: 1600: 1495:Boring 1446:Metal 1372:Paddle 1326:DeWalt 1319:torque 1146: 1141: 1045:pulley 898:torque 832:clutch 805:corded 721:Yankee 669:Gimlet 597:screws 470:gimlet 450:copper 419:Thebes 375:, and 373:shells 361:Mayans 329:mallet 287:driver 152: 145: 138: 131: 123: 4837:Tools 4590:Paint 4499:Ovolo 4494:Ogive 4479:Bevel 4446:Scarf 4431:Miter 4199:Table 4184:Miter 4159:Frame 4076:Gripe 3992:Speed 3988:Miter 3920:Gauge 3910:Float 3905:Fence 3900:Drill 3858:Tools 3781:Wenge 3771:Utile 3736:Ramin 3691:Maple 3663:Lovoa 3635:Iroko 3605:Hazel 3590:Ebony 3535:Birch 3525:Beech 3520:Balsa 3510:Aspen 3505:Apple 3485:Alder 3442:Kauri 3437:Larch 3399:Cedar 3382:Woods 3357:Treen 3119:Power 3015:Shear 2890:Drill 2692:Swarf 2611:Chuck 2305:Drill 2121:(PDF) 2110:(PDF) 2058:S2CID 2015:S2CID 1789:8 May 1639:p.502 1566:Flint 1449:Twist 1395:Twist 1353:Auger 1349:Wood 1031:clamp 815:) or 768:brace 705:with 660:Brace 654:Auger 559:Types 461:auger 439:Roman 423:Egypt 369:ivory 341:ruler 333:plane 325:brace 290:chuck 283:drill 273:is a 271:drill 157:JSTOR 143:books 4489:Ogee 4474:Bead 4416:Knee 4386:Dado 4366:Butt 4106:Saws 4018:Vise 3955:Rasp 3880:Adze 3761:Teak 3716:Plum 3711:Pear 3472:Hard 3452:Rimu 3447:Pine 3391:Soft 3191:Wood 3089:Hand 2252:2.5D 2129:2014 2093:2018 2050:PMID 2007:PMID 1970:ISBN 1810:ISBN 1791:2018 1773:ISBN 1737:ISBN 1712:ISBN 1662:ISBN 1626:1969 1598:ISBN 1229:PTOs 1211:and 1201:bone 1179:Mill 1148:m). 1027:vise 907:and 717:Push 581:rock 535:and 495:East 488:Nile 429:The 383:era. 365:bone 275:tool 129:news 4615:Wax 4585:Oil 4421:Lap 4356:Box 4124:Bow 3996:Try 3875:Axe 3829:OSB 3824:MDF 3701:Oak 3630:Ipê 3595:Elm 3500:Ash 3462:Yew 3427:Fir 2631:Jig 2289:and 2262:CAM 2257:CAD 2042:doi 1999:doi 1962:doi 1313:or 1139:100 1127:or 1029:or 973:SDS 750:of 620:Awl 547:of 539:of 513:or 285:or 279:bit 112:by 4823:: 3994:, 3990:, 3986:, 3982:, 3681:, 3407:, 2112:. 2083:. 2079:. 2056:. 2048:. 2036:. 2013:. 2005:. 1995:41 1993:. 1968:. 1934:. 1930:. 1900:. 1857:. 1832:. 1781:. 1684:. 1644:^ 1631:^ 1582:^ 1564:: 1207:, 1162:A 1135:. 615:. 583:. 497:, 371:, 367:, 335:, 331:, 307:, 303:, 299:, 269:A 74:. 3999:) 3977:( 3687:) 3675:( 3413:) 3401:( 3197:) 3193:( 3159:e 3152:t 3145:v 2803:e 2796:t 2789:v 2225:e 2218:t 2211:v 2187:e 2180:t 2173:v 2131:. 2095:. 2064:. 2044:: 2038:3 2021:. 2001:: 1978:. 1964:: 1945:. 1915:. 1868:. 1843:. 1818:. 1745:. 1720:. 1695:. 1670:. 1606:. 1479:8 1475:3 1472:+ 1470:1 1458:2 1454:1 1428:8 1424:3 1421:+ 1419:1 1405:2 1401:1 1386:4 1382:1 1379:+ 1377:1 1363:8 1359:7 893:V 244:) 238:( 226:) 222:( 212:. 179:) 173:( 168:) 164:( 154:· 147:· 140:· 133:· 106:. 81:) 77:( 42:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.