164:
559:
handling risks and rewards, neurological differences suggest that during decision-making, methamphetamine users may be less concerned about the potential risks associated with a choice. Instead, they may focus more on the potential gains and immediate outcomes. This could explain why methamphetamine users may engage in high-risk sexual behaviors or have sex with partners who they would not in sobriety. They only consider the immediate pleasure rather than long-term risks.
347:
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531:
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418:
464:
86:
22:
135:", highlights that willingness is equivalent to consent and desire is equal to "wantedness", though they are not always related. Therefore, individuals can provide consent for sex even if they do not necessarily desire it, making the boundary of “sexual consent” unclear. The situation complicates the legitimate judgment of sexual violence, blurring the line between consensual sex and
567:, causing feelings of pleasure and satisfaction. These pleasurable feelings in turn acts as a motivation again, encouraging people to compulsively seek natural rewards. In sum, this co-activation of neuronal populations suggests that methamphetamine use leads to compulsive seeking of natural rewards, in this case, sexual behavior, proving the drug heightens sexual consent autonomy.
242:
Individuals on drugs claimed to be viewed by others as sexually available, that is, more likely to provide consent to engage in sexual activities. Two fundamental presumptions appeared to be connected to this impression. (1) People believe using drugs makes it simpler to persuade others to engage in
554:
One issue related to sexual consent concerns whether agreement is made under conscious conditions. Methamphetamine abuse is linked to neurotoxicity in the brain and has deleterious effects on cognitive processes, for example, deficits in episodic memory, executive functioning, information processing
542:
impacting the CNS. From self-report studies, It has been found to enhance sexual desire, promote pleasure, and delay orgasm. However, methamphetamine use is greatly associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and reduction in sexual inhibition. Methamphetamine can increase the likelihood of engaging
558:
Furthermore, Methamphetamine users have been found to differ from non-users in high-risk behavior related neurocognitive decision-making processes. This research reveals the weaker activation of the risk and reward-modulating regions in brains of casual drug users. As the system is responsible for
430:
Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is of the highest consumption in the recreational drug market. 70% of marijuana consumers viewed it as an aphrodisiac and 81% increased sexual delight and satisfaction. However, limited physiological evidence indicates that it stimulates sexual desire or improves
354:
Alcohol is a depressant and a psychoactive drug that can alter human behavior. The views of alcohol on sexual consent vary significantly. Alcohol is frequently seen as a significant sexual facilitator, disinhibitor, and possibly an aphrodisiac. It often precedes and facilitates sexual activity in
142:
Most studies on drug and sexual consent are based on self-reports that emphasize the psychological and sociological aspects, while the direct biological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. However, the indirect physiological effects of drugs on sexual consent, such as impaired cognition and
459:
and reactions. The ability to communicate consent after initiating sexual activities decreases while intoxicated. However, the mechanisms of the self-reports effect of marijuana to promote sexual enjoyment are still unclear. This stimulation could result from a general improvement in sensory
720:. Implementing policies and prevention strategies could be aided by future education initiatives, like bystander prevention. However, many nightclubs claimed to have "zero-tolerance" drug usage policies, making it difficult to provide instruction without seeming to support drug use.
322:
and serve as preludes to sexual activities, their specific mechanisms remain to be explored. Various models have been composed to imitate the drug kinetics of these drugs on sex. However, most drug-sex study data were collected from small sample interviews and
197:
Through expanding user's sexual boundaries and limitations, drug also improves people's participation in different varieties of sex, including those that are previously undesired. Some claimed that they would consent to have sex that they would not try in
2419:
Da Silva, Francisca
Charliane Carlos; Dantas, Rodrigo Tavares; Citó, Maria d do Carmo de Oliveira; De Vasconcelos, Silvânia Maria Mendes; Fonteles, Marta Maria de França; Viana, Glauce Socorro de Barros; De Sousa, Francisca Cléa Florenço (2001-03-31).
711:
A key aspect of harm reduction is educating those who might use sex-related drugs about the consequences of doing so, and encouraging them to evaluate their possible sexual partners. Public education about drugs and sexual consent could also lessen
217:
Individuals on drugs reported feelings of intimacy, trust, love, and a strong desire to have sex with multiple sexual partners. Due to the symbolic nature of closeness and trust, drug use may also boost a desire to engage in sex without using
562:
Animal studies confirm that methamphetamine and sexual behavior activate the same neurons in the CNS responsible for motivation and reward. Methamphetamine and sexual behavior are considered as "rewards" that trigger the release of
263:, the sex-bought method is often implicit with unspecific pricing standards. People are less likely to relate implicit exchange with predicted bad outcomes, so they are more likely to encourage the behavior than explicit trades.
684:. It is commonly used as a date rape drug due to its euphoric and CNS depressant effects which can slow down brain activity. Additionally, individuals may experience poor concentration and confusion after taking GHB.
881:
Peterson, Zoe D.; Muehlenhard, Charlene L. (1 April 2007). "Conceptualizing the "Wantedness" of Women's
Consensual and Nonconsensual Sexual Experiences: Implications for How Women Label Their Experiences With Rape".
522:, potentially impairing judgment about sexual boundaries and consent. It can also alter pain perception and pleasure, affecting drug-users' ability to assess their comfort level accurately during sexual activity.
479:, also known as heroin, are the world's second most popular drug. They are CNS depressants that relieve pain and induce sedation. Some users describe a rush of euphoria after using the drug similar to sexual
287:
regardless of their sexual partner's experience. Some drugs impair sexual awareness, making it harder to make sexual decisions. The meaningfulness of consent made by a high individual on the verge of
1941:
Frohmader, Karla S.; Bateman, Katherine L.; Lehman, Michael N.; Coolen, Lique M. (1 September 2010). "Effects of methamphetamine on sexual performance and compulsive sex behavior in male rats".
641:, stress, and insomnia. When the drug binds to the GABA receptor, sedation and muscle relaxation occurs. Flunitrazepam is a common benzodiazepine used in rape facilitation since it causes
762:
Hickman, Susan E.; Muehlenhard, Charlene L. (1999). ""By the Semi-Mystical
Appearance of a Condom": How Young Women and Men Communicate Sexual Consent in Heterosexual Situations".
1184:
Opperman, Emily; Braun, Virginia; Clarke, Victoria; Rogers, Cassandra (July 2014). ""It Feels So Good It Almost Hurts": Young Adults' Experiences of Orgasm and Sexual
Pleasure".
716:
beliefs and increase social support. Due to a lack of knowledge and education regarding sexual consent-related issues, bar industry employees have found it challenging to stop
2149:
Droutman, Vita; Xue, Feng; Barkley-Levenson, Emily; Lam, Hei Yeung; Bechara, Antoine; Smith, Benjamin; Lu, Zhong-Lin; Xue, Gue; Miller, Lynn C.; Read, Stephen J. (2019).
1574:
George, William H.; Davis, Kelly Cue; Heiman, Julia R.; Norris, Jeanette; Stoner, Susan A.; Schacht, Rebecca L.; Hendershot, Christian S.; Kajumulo, Kelly F. (May 2011).
1108:
Jessell, Lauren; Mateu-Gelabert, Pedro; Guarino, Honoria; Vakharia, Sheila P.; Syckes, Cassandra; Goodbody, Elizabeth; Ruggles, Kelly V.; Friedman, Sam (October 2017).
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speed, motor skills, and language abilities. The impairment of cognitive ability could thus lead to diminished capability to provide informed and enthusiastic consent.
41:
355:
social settings, encouraging people to be more receptive to sex. Similar to other drugs, people who drink are often seen as being more sexually available and more
174:
Firstly, drug use may diminish cognitive issues that keep people from engaging in sexual behaviors. This includes removing impediments to sexual activity, such as
2039:
Salo, Ruth; Nordahl, Thomas E.; Natsuaki, Yutaka; Leamon, Martin H.; Galloway, Gantt P.; Waters, Christy; Moore, Charles D.; Buonocore, Michael H. (2007-06-01).
1157:
Claire Van Hout, Marie; Brennan, Rebekah (17 June 2011). ""Bump and grind": an exploratory study of
Mephedrone users' perceptions of sexuality and sexual risk".
255:
between these transactions. Despite their initial reluctance, women often provide sex in return for drugs, with 57% of opiate users reported receiving drugs or
2590:
Powers, Ráchael A.; Leili, Jennifer (7 December 2017). "Bar
Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program".
402:. The physiological response to sex decreases with alcohol consumption in women, despite increasing self-reporting sexual desire and ability to reach
2461:"GHB Pharmacology and Toxicology: Acute Intoxication, Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Forensic Cases and Treatment of the Withdrawal Syndrome"
171:
Drugs could improve the autonomous aspect of sexual consent, thus raising the tendency of the user to engage in both desired and undesired sex.
1236:
1306:
McKay, Alexander (2005). "Sexuality and substance use: The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and selected recreational drugs on sexual function".
410:(GABA), which blocks impulse transmission, is most prominently increased by alcohol. High blood alcohol level increases its activity in the
2094:
Scott, J. Cobb; Woods, Steven Paul; Matt, Georg E.; Meyer, Rachel A.; Heaton, Robert K.; Atkinson, J. Hampton; Grant, Igor (2007-09-01).
2543:"Sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol: common for men in substance abuse treatment and associated with high-risk sexual behavior"
1254:"A Qualitative Investigation Comparing Psychosocial and Physical Sexual Experiences Related to Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adults"
455:. It also influences feelings of pleasure, sensation, and other cognitive functions. In addition, high THC dosage impairs basic
1706:
291:
was challenged. People on drugs are more “suggestible”. In other words, they are more willing to obey their sexual partner’s orders.
247:, making men perceive women on drugs as "horny" and more sexually available. (2) Drug users are also thought to be prepared to offer
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However, other studies suggest excessive alcohol may have negative effects on sex. Alcohol can interfere with the release of sexual
72:
642:
576:
252:
32:
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Desai, Monica; Bourne, Adam; Hope, Vivian; Halkitis, Perry N (May 2018). "Sexualised drug use: LGTB communities and beyond".
661:
504:
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Costa, Yanna
Richelly de Souza; Lavorato, Stefânia Neiva; Baldin, Julianna Joanna Carvalho Moraes de Campos (2020-08-01).
700:, and decreased condom usage. This increases susceptibility to sex-related health issues and associated harms, including
1421:
386:
or other physiological processes in sexual organs. It has been hypothesized that alcohol's depressive effects on the
1024:"Drug use and health behaviour among German men who have sex with men: Results of a qualitative, multi-centre study"
112:. Consent can be communicated verbally or nonverbally and should be freely offered. However, drug use, particularly
1521:
1448:"Alcohol consumption increases attractiveness ratings of opposite-sex faces: a possible third route to risky sex"
1402:
Rosen, Raymond (1991). "Alcohol and Drug
Effects on Sexual Response: Human Experimental and Clinical Studies".
1022:
Deimel, Daniel; Stöver, Heino; Hößelbarth, Susann; Dichtl, Anna; Graf, Niels; Gebhardt, Viola (December 2016).
928:
Rumney, P.N.S; Fenton, R.A (18 February 2008). "Intoxicated
Consent in Rape: Bree and Juror Decision-Making".
155:
A study demonstrated three ways drugs could affect sexual consent in psychological and sociological aspects.
657:
407:
222:. Once the effects of the drugs wear off, these emotional attachments may fade away, leading to emotions of
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Calsyn, DA; Cousins, SJ; Hatch-Maillette, MA; Forcehimes, A; Mandler, R; Doyle, SR; Woody, G (March 2010).
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108:. Sexual consent is the voluntary agreement to engage in sexual activity, which is essential in preventing
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681:
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Drugs do not only affect one's decision on sexual consent but also cause a loss of ability to express it.
387:
834:"Making and Communicating Decisions About Sexual Consent During Drug-Involved Sex: A Thematic Synthesis"
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602:
500:
492:
435:(THC), the primary psychoactive component of marijuana, has a similar structure to the neurotransmitter
315:
101:
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331:, drug dosage, duration of use, and user characteristics are other factors that should be considered.
444:
432:
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338:, which has more direct studies on its biological mechanism of sexual consent, is also explained.
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The
Chemsex study: drug use in sexual settings among gay men in Lambeth, Southwark & Lewisham
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2272:"Violence against women and drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA): A review of the main drugs"
1986:"Crystal methamphetamine and sexual sociality in an urban gay subculture: an elective affinity"
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Previous research has been limited to self-report studies. However, opioid sedation can impair
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Dhingra, Lara; Ahmed, Ebtesam; Shin, Jae; Scharaga, Elyssa; Magun, Maximilian (October 2015).
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Palamar, Joseph J.; Acosta, Patricia; Ompad, Danielle C.; Friedman, Samuel R. (April 2018).
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1110:"Sexual Violence in the Context of Drug Use Among Young Adult Opioid Users in New York City"
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reported an inability to speak out or oppose sexual behaviors though cognitively reluctant.
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144:
2208:"Methamphetamine acts on subpopulations of neurons regulating sexual behavior in male rats"
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Drug-taking was found to impact the capacity to make sexual decisions, raise engagement in
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potentially causing drowsiness, making it more difficult to communicate sexual consent.
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1784:"Adverse effects of opioids on the central nervous systems of palliative care patients"
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1576:"Women's sexual arousal: effects of high alcohol dosages and self-control instructions"
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116:(i.e. alcohol and some illicit drugs) that alter mental processes, can affect people’s
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during drug-related sexual conduct. This might be due to people focusing on achieving
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2364:-Hydroxybutyrate-Ethanol Intoxication: Evaluation of Potential Treatment Strategies"
2206:
Frohmader, K.S.; Wiskerke, J.; Wise, R.A.; Lehman, M.N.; Coolen, L.M. (March 2010).
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often abused for its euphoric and hallucinogenic tendencies. The drug could induce
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183:
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when the accuser is severely intoxicated and cannot clearly express disagreement.
85:
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in the brain, which is the separation or disconnection in activities between the
2421:
2096:"Neurocognitive Effects of Methamphetamine: A Critical Review and Meta-analysis"
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440:
411:
319:
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2437:
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1903:
832:
Smith, Lauren A.; Kolokotroni, Katerina Z.; Turner-Moore, Tamara (4 May 2021).
463:
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Drugs also impair the capability to communicate sexual consent. Those who used
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2001:
1954:
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sexual function. Most evidence suggests the link between the two is indirect.
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2009:
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Bourne, Adam; Reid, David; Hickson, Ford; Torres-Rueda, Sergio (March 2014).
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783:
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can also impair muscular control, making it difficult to indicate no through
2379:
2095:
2041:"Attentional control and brain metabolite levels in methamphetamine abusers"
2040:
1985:
1783:
1507:
1231:. London: Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
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356:
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186:. For some individuals, drug-taking is necessary for them to participate in
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2017:
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903:
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2151:"Neurocognitive decision-making processes of casual methamphetamine users"
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Several studies have found that significant drug use can impair or change
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665:
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371:
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211:
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The section focuses on discussing several most used recreational drugs.
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1855:
1838:
1737:"Pharmacosexology: The Effects of Drugs on Sexual Function – A Review"
996:
1492:. R. R. Pinger (3rd ed.). Boston, Mass.: WCB/McGraw-Hill. 1998.
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223:
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84:
738:"What Is Sexual Consent?: Facts About Rape & Sexual Assault"
260:
229:
203:
136:
97:
1658:
Halikas, James; Weller, Ronald; Morse, Carolyn (January 1982).
617:
Ethanol is sometimes used as a date rape drug, as it can cause
1888:"Understanding How Opioids Contribute to Reward and Analgesia"
701:
15:
483:. Due to the ability to delay orgasm, muscle relaxation, and
551:, and same-sex intercourse among heterosexual individuals.
499:
in female. However, long-term opioid use can influence the
1446:
Jones, BT; Jones, BC; Thomas, AP; Piper, J (August 2003).
131:
The definition of sexual consent, "agreement to engage in
243:
sexual activity as drugs have a reputation for promoting
230:
Others' perception of drug users being sexually available
1660:"Effects of Regular Marijuana Use on Sexual Performance"
629:, all of which can aid the actions of sexual predators.
54:
2368:
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1788:
Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
2358:
Morse, Bridget L.; Morris, Marilyn E. (2013-06-28).
609:
are frequently used in facilitating sexual assault.
1537:"The human sexual response and alcohol and drugs"
1535:Miller, Norman S.; Gold, Mark S. (January 1988).
1344:Peugh, Jordon; Belenko, Steven (September 2001).
968:SkĂĄrner, Anette; Svensson, Bengt (October 2013).
2516:Abuse, National Institute on Drug (2018-03-06).
2328:Toxicological Aspects of Drug-Facilitated Crimes
672:, causing amnesia that facilitate sexual abuse.
1984:Green, Adam Isaiah; Halkitis, Perry N. (2006).
1705:Abuse, National Institute on Drug (July 2020).
1636:United Nations : Office on Drugs and Crime
2459:Busardo, Francesco; Jones, Alan (2015-04-13).
1346:"Alcohol, Drugs and Sexual Function: A Review"
637:Benzodiazepines are medications used to treat
398:, diminished sexual responsiveness, and other
267:Minimize the capability to communicate consent
8:
1782:Vella-Brincat, Jane; Macleod, A. D. (2007).
259:in return for sex. Unlike buying drugs with
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2492:
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1854:
1707:"How does marijuana produce its effects?"
1607:
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680:GHB have a chemical structure similar to
96:is a topic that discusses the impacts of
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
37:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-007-9031-0
2518:"Prescription CNS Depressants DrugFacts"
1301:
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815:
813:
543:in atypical sexually behaviors, such as
49:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2422:"Ketamina, da anestesia ao uso abusivo"
1892:Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
1308:The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
729:
2276:Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
1513:
970:"Amphetamine use and Sexual Practices"
571:Drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA)
314:Although it is commonly believed that
151:Psychological and sociological aspects
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7:
1541:Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
1075:International Journal of Drug Policy
406:. In addition, the neurotransmitter
974:Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
190:, which frees them from a sense of
159:Increased perceived sexual autonomy
124:ability, potentially impacting the
2547:The American Journal on Addictions
2224:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.070
35:of a non-free copyrighted source,
14:
2477:10.2174/1570159x13666141210215423
2360:"Toxicokinetics/Toxicodynamics of
1114:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
538:Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent
143:judgment, may lead to changes in
53:. Please help Knowledge (XXG) by
2559:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2009.00022.x
2522:National Institute on Drug Abuse
1886:Fields, Howard L. (2007-05-01).
1839:"Cognitive Effects and Sedation"
1711:National Institute on Drug Abuse
1465:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00426.x
942:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2008.00692.x
491:for sexual dysfunctions such as
20:
2325:Kintz, Pascal (20 March 2014).
1990:Culture, Health & Sexuality
577:Drug-facilitated sexual assault
505:gonadotropin-releasing hormones
251:for drugs, implying a sense of
2057:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.031
1753:10.1080/02791072.1982.10471907
1676:10.1080/02791072.1982.10471911
1362:10.1080/02791072.2001.10400569
382:. It can also directly affect
1:
1741:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
1735:Buffum, John (January 1982).
1664:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
1404:Annual Review of Sex Research
1350:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
851:10.1080/00224499.2019.1706072
1553:10.1016/0740-5472(88)90006-2
1198:10.1080/00224499.2012.753982
1087:10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.04.015
433:Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
310:Biological activity of drugs
1592:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.03.006
1258:Archives of Sexual Behavior
1186:The Journal of Sex Research
884:The Journal of Sex Research
838:The Journal of Sex Research
764:The Journal of Sex Research
676:Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
147:and affect sexual consent.
2656:
2438:10.34024/rnc.2010.v18.8486
2288:10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102020
2167:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101643
1904:10.1016/j.rapm.2007.01.001
574:
128:aspect of sexual consent.
2465:Current Neuropharmacology
2112:10.1007/s11065-007-9031-0
2002:10.1080/13691050600783320
1955:10.1007/s00213-010-1930-8
1270:10.1007/s10508-016-0782-7
1171:10.1108/17459261111174046
1041:10.1186/s12954-016-0125-y
896:10.1080/00224490709336794
776:10.1080/00224499909551996
742:www.plannedparenthood.org
487:, opioid is also used in
167:Perceived sexual autonomy
2604:10.1177/1077801217741219
1126:10.1177/0886260515596334
104:that lead to changes in
94:Drugs and sexual consent
2380:10.1124/jpet.113.206250
1489:Drugs: issues for today
1426:Orlando Recovery Center
1159:Drugs and Alcohol Today
658:dissociative anesthetic
408:gamma-aminobutyric acid
2592:Violence Against Women
2100:Neuropsychology Review
1520:: CS1 maint: others (
1028:Harm Reduction Journal
987:10.2478/nsad-2013-0035
696:, willingness to have
586:
535:
468:
422:
388:central nervous system
351:
239:
168:
90:
55:rewriting this article
2426:Revista NeurociĂŞncias
2045:Biological Psychiatry
1800:10.1080/J354v21n01_05
1580:Hormones and Behavior
698:multiple sex partners
682:neurotransmitter GABA
603:gamma-hydroxybutyrate
584:
533:
501:neuroendocrine system
493:premature ejaculation
466:
451:formation and induce
439:. THC can target the
420:
349:
237:
166:
88:
2331:. Elsevier Science.
2155:NeuroImage. Clinical
1849:(suppl 1): S37–S43.
1632:"WDR 2022_Booklet 2"
1422:"Is Alcohol A Drug?"
744:. Planned Parenthood
445:orbitofrontal cortex
392:erectile dysfunction
378:, possibly stifling
57:with your own words.
400:sexual dysfunctions
1943:Psychopharmacology
623:motor coordination
587:
536:
520:cognitive function
469:
423:
396:vaginal secretions
352:
329:Social environment
316:recreational drugs
240:
176:social conventions
169:
114:psychoactive drugs
91:
89:Psychoactive drugs
33:close paraphrasing
2598:(13): 1614–1634.
2051:(11): 1272–1280.
1856:10.1111/pme.12912
1238:978-1-906673-18-5
1120:(19): 2929–2954.
930:Modern Law Review
718:sexual harassment
485:analgesic effects
180:religious beliefs
83:
82:
75:
2647:
2624:
2623:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2267:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2036:
2030:
2029:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1858:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1467:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1390:
1389:
1341:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1019:
1010:
1009:
999:
989:
965:
954:
953:
925:
916:
915:
878:
872:
871:
853:
829:
788:
787:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
734:
706:venereal disease
694:anal intercourse
643:memory blackouts
627:mental confusion
390:(CNS) may cause
359:after drinking.
281:overexcitability
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
44:
24:
23:
16:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2269:
2268:
2257:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2038:
2037:
2033:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1512:
1500:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1428:. 28 March 2023
1420:
1419:
1415:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1343:
1342:
1319:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1021:
1020:
1013:
967:
966:
957:
927:
926:
919:
880:
879:
875:
831:
830:
791:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
736:
735:
731:
726:
690:
678:
651:
635:
633:Benzodiazepines
615:
599:benzodiazepines
591:Date rape drugs
579:
573:
534:Methamphetamine
528:
526:Methamphetamine
515:levels in men.
489:self-medication
474:
428:
344:
336:Methamphetamine
312:
275:, resulting in
269:
245:sexual pleasure
232:
202:, for example,
161:
153:
145:sexual behavior
133:sexual activity
118:decision-making
110:sexual violence
102:sexual activity
79:
68:
62:
59:
48:
42:Copyvios report
40:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2582:
2533:
2508:
2451:
2432:(2): 227–237.
2411:
2374:(3): 504–513.
2350:
2337:
2317:
2255:
2218:(3): 771–784.
2198:
2141:
2106:(3): 275–297.
2086:
2031:
1996:(4): 317–333.
1976:
1933:
1898:(3): 242–246.
1878:
1829:
1774:
1722:
1697:
1670:(1–2): 59–70.
1647:
1623:
1586:(5): 730–738.
1566:
1547:(3): 171–177.
1527:
1498:
1479:
1458:(8): 1069–75.
1438:
1413:
1391:
1356:(3): 223–232.
1317:
1293:
1264:(3): 757–770.
1244:
1237:
1219:
1192:(5): 503–515.
1176:
1149:
1100:
1065:
1011:
980:(5): 403–423.
955:
936:(2): 279–290.
917:
873:
844:(4): 469–487.
789:
770:(3): 258–272.
754:
728:
727:
725:
722:
714:victim-blaming
689:
686:
677:
674:
670:limbic systems
650:
647:
634:
631:
614:
611:
575:Main article:
572:
569:
527:
524:
473:
470:
453:hallucinations
427:
424:
380:sexual arousal
343:
340:
311:
308:
268:
265:
231:
228:
188:homosexual sex
160:
157:
152:
149:
106:sexual consent
81:
80:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2652:
2641:
2640:Sexual ethics
2638:
2637:
2635:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:(2): 119–27.
2552:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2351:
2340:
2338:9780124167483
2334:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:(1): 93–104.
1948:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:Pain Medicine
1840:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:(1–2): 5–44.
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:0-8151-2937-8
1495:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1165:(2): 93–103.
1164:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
964:
962:
960:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
924:
922:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
877:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
755:
743:
739:
733:
730:
723:
721:
719:
715:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
687:
685:
683:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
583:
578:
570:
568:
566:
560:
556:
552:
550:
546:
541:
532:
525:
523:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:, inhibiting
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
471:
465:
461:
458:
457:motor control
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
425:
419:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:sexual orgasm
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
348:
341:
339:
337:
332:
330:
326:
321:
317:
309:
307:
305:
304:body language
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:irrationality
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
227:
225:
221:
215:
213:
210:, and use of
209:
205:
201:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
165:
158:
156:
150:
148:
146:
140:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
122:communication
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
87:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
18:
17:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:
2511:
2471:(1): 47–70.
2468:
2464:
2454:
2429:
2425:
2414:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2353:
2342:. Retrieved
2327:
2320:
2279:
2275:
2215:
2212:Neuroscience
2211:
2201:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2048:
2044:
2034:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1794:(1): 15–25.
1791:
1787:
1777:
1744:
1740:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1700:
1667:
1663:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:
1626:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1488:
1482:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1430:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1353:
1349:
1311:
1307:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1228:
1222:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1031:
1027:
977:
973:
933:
929:
890:(1): 72–88.
887:
883:
876:
841:
837:
767:
763:
757:
746:. Retrieved
741:
732:
710:
691:
679:
662:dissociation
652:
636:
616:
588:
561:
557:
553:
537:
517:
513:testosterone
507:to decrease
495:in males or
475:
460:experience.
429:
394:, decreased
376:progesterone
368:testosterone
361:
353:
333:
325:self-reports
320:aphrodisiacs
313:
293:
270:
241:
216:
196:
184:sexual guilt
173:
170:
154:
141:
130:
120:and consent
93:
92:
69:
60:
30:
1081:: 128–130.
688:Application
621:, impaired
497:dyspareunia
441:hippocampus
412:spinal cord
289:passing out
253:reciprocity
63:August 2023
2527:2023-04-12
2344:2023-04-12
2282:: 102020.
2161:: 101643.
1716:2023-04-12
1641:2023-04-12
1432:2023-04-13
997:2043/16082
748:2022-04-12
724:References
593:including
545:pedophilia
511:and lower
447:to affect
437:anandamide
384:blood flow
366:, such as
126:autonomous
2485:1570-159X
2446:1984-4905
2388:0022-3565
2312:220522090
2296:1752-928X
2232:0306-4522
2175:2213-1582
2120:1573-6660
2065:0006-3223
2010:1369-1058
1912:1098-7339
1865:1526-2375
1808:1536-0539
1761:0279-1072
1684:0279-1072
1600:1095-6867
1516:cite book
1452:Addiction
1370:0279-1072
1034:(1): 36.
1006:144254144
950:145751301
868:209895703
784:0022-4499
549:group sex
540:stimulant
426:Marijuana
357:seductive
300:Narcotics
296:marijuana
249:sex trade
208:role play
51:talk page
31:contains
2634:Category
2620:24540584
2612:29332525
2577:20163383
2503:26074743
2406:23814094
2304:32658767
2250:20045448
2193:30612937
2136:21174399
2128:17694436
2081:14865032
2073:17097074
2026:43474362
2018:16846941
1971:23790582
1963:20623108
1928:15293275
1920:17543821
1873:26461075
1824:17757207
1816:17430825
1618:21439287
1508:37443525
1474:12873241
1386:27215932
1378:11718315
1288:27439599
1214:32043319
1206:23631739
1144:26240068
1095:29801810
1060:27938393
912:44423781
904:17599266
860:31902239
666:thalamus
654:Ketamine
649:Ketamine
607:ketamine
565:dopamine
372:estrogen
364:hormones
273:judgment
212:sex toys
200:sobriety
2568:2861416
2494:4462042
2397:3876779
2241:2837118
2184:6411911
1769:6126532
1692:6981694
1609:3159513
1561:3070052
1279:5250581
1135:4740284
1051:5148887
639:anxiety
619:amnesia
613:Ethanol
595:ethanol
481:orgasms
477:Opioids
350:Alcohol
342:Alcohol
318:act as
238:Consent
220:condoms
2618:
2610:
2575:
2565:
2501:
2491:
2483:
2444:
2404:
2394:
2386:
2335:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2248:
2238:
2230:
2191:
2181:
2173:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2024:
2016:
2008:
1969:
1961:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1871:
1863:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1767:
1759:
1690:
1682:
1616:
1606:
1598:
1559:
1506:
1496:
1472:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1286:
1276:
1235:
1212:
1204:
1142:
1132:
1093:
1058:
1048:
1004:
948:
910:
902:
866:
858:
782:
625:, and
605:, and
509:libido
472:Opioid
467:Heroin
449:memory
374:, and
285:orgasm
224:regret
182:, and
2616:S2CID
2308:S2CID
2132:S2CID
2077:S2CID
2022:S2CID
1967:S2CID
1924:S2CID
1820:S2CID
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