Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing

1629:, the United States Supreme Court noted that factual compilations of information may be protected with respect to "selection and arrangement, so long as they are made independently by the compiler and entail a minimal degree of creativity," as "he compilation author typically chooses which facts to include, in what order to place them, and how to arrange the collected data so that they may be used effectively by readers"; the Court also indicated that "originality is not a stringent standard; it does not require that facts be presented in an innovative or surprising way" and that "he vast majority of works make the grade quite easily, as they possess some creative spark, 'no matter how crude, humble or obvious' it might be."( 574:, Knowledge (XXG) editors should not use unpublished work (note: unpublished work in public collections may be suitable). With published work, biased statements of opinion should be attributed in the text either to the author or the publication or both. It is sometimes relevant for an article to include a short quotation such as a significant statement made by the subject of the article or a notable comment about the subject. In these cases a verbatim quotation should be given rather than a paraphrase. Quotations should be used sparingly, typically only if the information within cannot be conveyed otherwise. They should be clearly identified and formatted as defined in 1109:

slaveholding nations." In addition to the substantial number of life histories it contains, the most compelling feature of the collection is the composition of the sample of people who made up its informants. Although not a representative sample of the slave population, they were a remarkably diverse and inclusive cross-section of former slaves. Those whose voices are included in the collection ranged in age from one to fifty at the time of emancipation in 1865, which meant that more than two-thirds were over eighty when they were interviewed. Source:

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Administration (WPA) and assembled and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. This online collection is a joint presentation of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs Divisions of the Library of Congress and includes more than 200 photographs from the Prints and Photographs Division that are now made available to the public for the first time. Born in Slavery was made possible by a major gift from the Citigroup Foundation. Source:

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instructions on how to fix errors of this sort. The spaces for examples from the editor's inappropriate text are provided because even experienced or good faith editors may not recognize where the issues lie without them. If there is a passage of several consecutive sentences which is a continuous close paraphrase, this may alone be a sufficient demonstration. Otherwise, showing the pattern in several separated sentences is typically better than offering one, brief example.

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fifty years of age when they obtained their freedom in 1865. Over 500 black and white photographs were taken of interview subjects. The Library of Congress Manuscript and Print and Photograph Divisions assembled a seventeen-volume collection from the set, called "Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938." David Brion Davis, a historian, claimed that the large collection "is indisputably unique among former slaveholding nations."

605:, while a close paraphrase of one paragraph of a two-paragraph article might be considered a serious violation. Editors must therefore take particular care when writing an article, or a section of an article, that has much the same scope as a single source. The editor must be especially careful in these cases to extract the facts alone and present the facts in plain language, without carrying forward anything that could be considered "creative expression". 567:" of an author are independent of copyright ownership. They include the author's right to control first publication of a work; the author's right to be attributed or to remain anonymous; the author's right for the work to be published without distortion or mutilation. As with copyright, moral rights apply to creative expression but not to mere facts. Respecting moral rights can help ensure that Knowledge (XXG) content can be reused as widely as possible. 1097:

Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). They were aggregated and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. The collection is a united effort of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs Divisions of the Library of Congress. Citigroup Foundation made the Born in Slavery possible by a major gift.

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second sentence. Just two short sentences are close to the sources. For these reasons the close paraphrasing should be acceptable. Note, however, that closely paraphrasing extensively from a non-free source may be a copyright problem, even if it is difficult to find different means of expression. The more extensively we rely on this exception, the more likely we are to run afoul of compilation protection.

116: 21: 1342:, we can use the original text with proper attribution. If you can resolve it that way, please let me know if you need assistance with those directions. Otherwise, so that we can be sure it does not constitute a derivative work, this article should be rewritten; there is a link to a temporary space for that purpose in the instructions which now appear in place of the article. The essay 1217: 415: 1248:, which may require removing the paraphrasing content until it can be repaired. Unless close paraphrasing is immediately obvious, it is good practice to cite specific passages alongside the corresponding passage from the source on the talk page to highlight their similarity; this will provide objective evidence of close paraphrasing. 96: 620:

identical words. What looks like copying or close paraphrasing may thus be accidental. These similarities are more likely to exist where content is less creative and more formulaic. Independent creation is less likely when there is evidence that the source was consulted or close following is extensive.

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The first is a simple statement of fact and should be acceptable. The second carries over the figurative expressions "looms through" and "like a red omen", so presumably is not acceptable despite using completely different words from the original. But even if you only carry across statements of fact,

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In this example, the wording of the article is very close to that of both sources. However, the article merely presents standard facts for a topic like this in standard sequence. The article does not copy any creative words or phrases, similes or metaphors, and makes an effort at paraphrasing in the

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There is no reasonable alternative way of expressing the idea, and since ideas are not subject to copyright the term is also not protected. However, if different sources use different terms for the concept, it may be best for the article to use a different term from the source or to include the term

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Translation from a foreign language is a form of paraphrase, since all the words or phrases have been replaced with equivalent English-language words or phrases. This may or may not be acceptable, depending on whether any creative expression – anything other than simple statements of fact – has been

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and was still protected by copyright, it would be acceptable to say that the llama is an animal with a shaggy coat, and perhaps that it has a long neck. These are facts. But use of the phrases "indolent expression" and "undulating throat" might violate copyright. The original choice of words is part

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Knowledge (XXG)'s primary concern is with the legal constraints imposed by copyright law. Close paraphrasing of the creative expression in a non-free copyrighted source is likely to be an infringement of the copyright of the source. In many countries close paraphrasing may be also seen as mutilation

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An exception would be when closely paraphrasing a compatibly licensed source that is not permissible as a citation. For instance, one may closely paraphrase another Knowledge (XXG) article or use content from another compatibly licensed user-generated wiki, so long as the content meets core content

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One of the key factors in the creation of inadvertent close paraphrasing is starting with text taken directly from the source. The word choice and style can easily resurface since it is foremost in our minds. An approach to ensure that information is fully understood and formed into unique thoughts

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Although facts are not subject to copyright, a selection or arrangement of facts may be considered creative and therefore protected. For example, an alphabetical list of states in the US giving their name, size and population cannot be copyrighted. However, a shorter list of states giving the name,

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This is an example; there are other passages that similarly follow quite closely. As a website that is widely read and reused, Knowledge (XXG) takes copyright very seriously to protect the interests of the holders of copyright as well as those of the Wikimedia Foundation and our reusers. Knowledge

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between an article and a copyrighted source. This may exist when the creative expression in an important passage of the source has been closely paraphrased, even if it is a small portion of the source, or when paraphrasing is looser but covers a larger part of the source or covers "the heart" (the

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Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938 contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves. These narratives were collected in the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress

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Quotation from non-free sources may be appropriate when the exact words in the source are relevant to the article, not just the facts or ideas given by the source. Examples may include statements made by a person discussed in the article; brief excerpts from a poem, song, or book described in the

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of Belloc's creative expression. Going further, the simile "like an unsuccessful literary man" is also creative, and is also protected. A clumsy paraphrase like "resembling a failed writer" might violate copyright even though the words are entirely different. More than the facts have been copied.

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to discuss your concerns with the contributor. Many people who paraphrase too closely are not intentionally infringing, but just don't know how to properly paraphrase. It might help to point them to this essay or to the references and resources listed here, which include some pointers for proper

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In the 1930s a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, called Federal Writers' Project, was conducted to capture the history record of people born into slavery. At the time of the project 2/3rds of the more than 2,300 men and women interviewed were over the age of eighty, having been one to

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The Slave Narrative Collection provides a unique and virtually unsurpassed collective portrait of a historical population. Indeed, historian David Brion Davis has argued that the voluminous number of documented slave testimonies available in the United States "is indisputably unique among former

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article you wrote may be a problem under our copyright policies, since the text seems very closely paraphrased from . While facts are not copyrightable, creative elements of presentation – including both structure and language – are. For an example of close paraphrasing, consider the following:

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Substantial similarity is also immaterial when strong evidence exists that the content was created independently. An author may think they are being original when they write "Charles de Gaulle was a towering statesman", not realizing that many other authors have independently come up with these

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The US Copyright Office states that, "Copyright law does not protect names, titles, or short phrases or expressions... The Copyright Office cannot register claims to exclusive rights in brief combinations of words ... To be protected by copyright, a work must contain a certain minimum amount of

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A collection of more than 2,300 accounts of slavery taken directly from former slaves and 500 black-and-white photographs make up the Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938. In the 1930s these narratives were compiled in the 1930s as part of the Federal

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It is acceptable to use a technical term such as "The War of the Spanish Succession" or "Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)" when the term is almost always used by sources that discuss the subject, and when such sources rarely use any other term. In this case, the technical term is

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But also "thick protection is the norm, but when there are very few articulable, concrete similarities based on protected aspects of a work and a limited number of ways in which the underlying ideas could be expressed differently, or where the only protectable aspect of a work is the 'unique

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The following example messages can be copied and pasted directly from this page, although you will need to fill in your own example close paraphrases as well as supplying the article's title and the source URL. The messages strive to avoid accusations while at the same time pointing to clear

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Summarize in your own words instead of closely paraphrasing. Closely paraphrased material that infringes on the copyright of its source material should be rewritten or deleted to avoid infringement, and to ensure that it complies with Knowledge (XXG) policy. Public domain sources and CC

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There are other passages that similarly follow quite closely. As a website that is widely read and reused, Knowledge (XXG) takes copyright very seriously to protect the interests of the holders of copyright as well as those of the Wikimedia Foundation and our reusers. Knowledge (XXG)'s

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require that the content we take from non-free sources, aside from brief and clearly marked quotations, be rewritten from scratch. The article has been replaced with a notice of these copyright concerns that includes directions for resolving them. If the material can be verified to be

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There are a few specific situations when close paraphrasing is permitted. If information is gathered from the public domain or is free use content, close paraphrasing may be acceptable. In some instances it is helpful to capture the words as written, in which case the guidelines for

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Unlike straightforward copyright violations, close paraphrasing is notoriously difficult to detect; frequently the contributor will add wiki syntax and write in the style of a Knowledge (XXG) article (as indeed they should). Here are some ways you might detect it:

167: 3430: 888:"A statement issued by the receiver, Deloitte's David Carson, confirmed that, of the 670 employees, 480 of them would be laid off" vs. "A statement from the receiver, David Carson of Deloitte, confirmed that 480 of the 670 employees have been made redundant". 375:– for example, by adding "John Smith wrote ...", together with a footnote containing the citation at the end of the clause, sentence or paragraph. Limited close paraphrasing is also appropriate if there are only a limited number of ways to say the same thing. 640:. While in this context, too, close paraphrasing of a single sentence is not as much of a concern, if a contributor closely paraphrases public domain or freely licensed content, they should explicitly acknowledge that content is closely paraphrased. (See 593:

authorship ... Names, titles, and other short phrases do not meet these requirements." However, if a source creatively combines, selects or arranges names, titles, short phrases or expressions, following it too closely may infringe on its copyright.

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Another potential problem arises when a contributor copies or closely paraphrases a biased source either purposefully or without understanding the bias. This can make the article appear to directly espouse the bias of the source, which violates our

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Close paraphrasing is also permitted when there are only a limited number of ways to say the same thing. This may be the case when there is no reasonable way to avoid using technical terms, and may also be the case with simple statements of fact.

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Look for disjointed and sudden changes in the tone, vocabulary, and style of content introduced by the same contributor. For example, "The cat is a small predatory carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal. Housecats like to kill mice and

1350:, while about plagiarism rather than copyright concerns, also contains some suggestions for reusing material from sources that may be helpful, beginning under "Avoiding plagiarism". Please let me know if you have questions about this. -- 2299: 4116: 673:

apply. Lastly, there may be some instances where it's difficult to paraphrase because of the nature of the content; in such cases, there are a couple of tips below about how to limit the degree of close paraphrasing to avoid issues.

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template is used, since rewriting can be done on the spot rather than in a temporary page. You may use this example verbatim, if you wish, but may and should modify it if it is not completely appropriate to the circumstances.

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Look for redundant content; this may be a sign that two or more sources were closely paraphrased. For example, "The cat is a small predatory carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal. Like many pets, domestic cats are

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Examine the talk pages of major contributors and other pages where they have written in their own words, and determine if their article contributions substantially differ in tone, structure, and vocabulary from these

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Names or titles of people, organizations, books, films and so on may be given in full: the US Copyright Office states that, "Copyright law does not protect names, titles, or short phrases or expressions... ."

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that makes clear whose words or ideas are being used (e.g. "John Smith wrote that ...") or may include more general attribution that indicates the material originates from a free source, either as part of an

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an excessive amount of material directly from other sources. Although in legal terms it's not possible to have close paraphrasing of a work without copyright protection, Knowledge (XXG)'s own rules require

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template, which can be customized to identify the source and to indicate if the source is public domain, to mark it for cleanup (and usually one would also open a talk page discussion about the matter):

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selection and arrangement' of otherwise unprotectable elements, a work is entitled only to 'thin' protection, where 'virtually identical copying' is required to support a finding of infringement." [

1392:. While facts are not copyrightable, creative elements of presentation – including both structure and language – are. For an example of close paraphrasing, consider the following: The source says: 2764: 2461: 4439: 3846: 3032: 2486: 2409: 1991: 2611: 2041: 2031: 750:

article; or significant opinions about the subject of the article. Quotation should not, however, be treated as an alternative to extracting facts and presenting them in plain language. Thus:

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To properly paraphrase content, you review information from reliable sources, extract the salient points, and use your own words, style and sentence structure to draft text for an article.

904:"there was a minor scuffle during which the main door to the visitors' centre was damaged" vs. "There were some scuffles at one point and a main door to the visitors' centre was damaged". 3123: 2849: 2126: 2066: 2199: 837:

In this example, Knowledge (XXG)'s article text is an attempt at paraphrasing the source. However, almost all of the original word choice, word order and sentence structure is retained.

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Correcting issues – step 2) Read source information, preferably taking notes to extract essential points, and write a summary in your own words, thereby producing an acceptable version.

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The structure of Knowledge (XXG)'s statement is essentially the same as the original. Changing a single word and slightly reordering one phrase is not enough to constitute a paraphrase.

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Limited close paraphrasing is appropriate within reason, as is quoting, so long as the material does not violate copyrights and is cited and (for biased statements of opinion) clearly

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also contains some suggestions for reusing material from sources that may be helpful, beginning under "Avoiding plagiarism". Please let me know if you have questions about this. --

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require that the content we take from non-free sources, aside from brief and clearly marked quotations, be rewritten from scratch. So that we can be sure it does not constitute a

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Gather related items from the multiple sources and explain it to yourself: The point is to rephrase or summarize a body of information in your own words and sentence structure.

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In some limited cases, close paraphrasing may be an acceptable way of writing an article. For example, many Knowledge (XXG) articles are (or were) based on text from the 1911

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permits the use of the material. Knowledge (XXG) deliberately adopts a narrower limitation and exception from copyright than fair use. Our policy and guideline are set out at

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An example of closely paraphrased simple statements of fact is given by a biography that relies on two sources for the basic outline. The sources and the article start with:

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BY-SA-compatible sources may be closely paraphrased, and limited close paraphrasing of copyrighted sources may also be permitted as fair use. Attribution is always required.

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The structure of this version is essentially the same as the original. Changing a few words and slightly reordering phrases is not enough to constitute a paraphrase.

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when they powerfully illustrate a point for your article. Overuse can result in a disjointed article and may breach copyright. (Extensive quotations are forbidden by

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The employees say they will not be leaving until they meet with Mr. Carson. There were some scuffles at one point and a main door to the visitors' centre was damaged

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Under US copyright law, however, substantial similarity does not always indicate infringement. It does not indicate infringement, for instance, where the doctrine of

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template is used instead. You may use this example verbatim, if you wish, but may and should modify it if it is not completely appropriate to the circumstances.

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Insert a dispute template and/or engage in a copyright-infringement discussion: Your approach here may depend upon the extensiveness of the issues you discover.

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The workers responded angrily to this unexpected decision and at least 100 of them began an unofficial sit-in in the visitors' gallery at the factory that night.

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material to be cited. Public domain material may have in-text attribution where appropriate. If the source material bears a free copyright license that is

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size and population as before, but ranked as the "top most livable states" would be subject to copyright. The selection and ranking is considered creative.

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This slight rewording does not change the fact that the underlying structure and language are the same. Minor changes, such as "was amongst those" --: -->

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and produces a well-rounded understanding of the topic. It also makes it less likely that your end result will follow too closely on any one source.

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illustrates a common way in which people closely paraphrase content; this one demonstrates how to properly synthesize and paraphrase information.

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The best way to prevent close paraphrasing is to understand clearly when it is a problem, how to avoid it, and how to address it when it appears.

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Article: John Smith was born on 2 February 1949 in Hartford, Connecticut... He studied medicine at State University, and earned an MD in 1973.

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Take short phrases from the article and put them in a search engine. Take a look at the results and see if they closely resemble the article.

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However, if you believe that the close paraphrasing in question is so close that it infringes copyright, instead follow the instructions at

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The Llama is a woolly sort of fleecy hairy goat, with an indolent expression and an undulating throat; like an unsuccessful literary man.

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The following example was engineered for cases when the paraphrasing is close enough to require blanking of the article and listing at

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Source1: John Smith was born in Hartford, Connecticut on February 2nd 1949... He attended State University, obtaining an M.D. in 1973.

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Your approach may vary depending upon the severity of the concern. Here are a couple of ways to manage close-paraphrase concerns.

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Consider the following example of a close paraphrase (unacceptable version) and ways to correct it to make an acceptable version:

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It is of course also necessary that other requirements for copyright violation also exist, such as being a "substantial" taking.

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Source2: John Smith was born on 2 February 1949 in Hartford... He graduated with a medical degree from State University in 1973.

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This example was engineered for cases when the paraphrasing is not enough of a concern to require blanking and listing and the

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or as a general notice in the article's "References" section (for further information on how to attribute free sources, see

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Facts and ideas cannot be protected by copyright, but creative expression is protected. The test of creativity is minimal.

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The structure of this sentence is the same as the original with too much similarity within the structure of the paragraph.

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This version brings together information from two sources, without maintaining the previous sentence structure or style.

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Allow time between note-taking and drafting to clear your mind of the original diction and better paraphrase the content.

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Bringing in other sources helps to ensure that there's a good understanding of the topic and a neutral point of view.

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After material has been written, return to the source to double check for content and properly paraphrased language.

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the more you translate and the more closely you translate, the more likely you are to create a copyright problem.

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This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of

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When using a close paraphrase legitimately, citing a source is in most cases required and highly recommended.

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There are legal, ethical, and organizational standard considerations regarding the use of close paraphrasing.

1594:(essay) – Among other things, discusses how to avoid copyright violations when writing about fictional works. 1971: 4454: 3916: 3713: 3637: 2501: 2446: 2431: 1961: 1727: 1561: 1531: 1515: 1482:– guideline that describes how quotations should be faithfully reproduced, clearly identified as quotations 1473: 1445: 1032: 984: 715: 670: 637: 387: 383: 379: 148: 134: 37: 1603: 1567: 743: 597: 587: 525:

taken from the foreign-language source. For example, consider two translations from the Turkish language:

4554: 4164: 3733: 3708: 3687: 3067: 2699: 2491: 2056: 1540:(article) – An overview of how close paraphrasing is treated under various jurisdictions' copyright laws. 50: 861:, said the receiver had told staff he would not close the company while there were interested investors. 3728: 3718: 3632: 3605: 2869: 2121: 938: 778: 507: 444: 60: 976:

Collect information from multiple sources. This will have several benefits: it promotes a tone with a

664:

Knowledge (XXG):FAQ/Copyright § Can I add something to Knowledge (XXG) that I got from somewhere else?

1597: 1576: 4184: 3148: 2987: 2884: 2081: 633: 396: 859:

Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly, who is one of those currently occupying the visitors' gallery

3324: 3314: 3223: 1887: 1651: 735: 726:

Limited quotation from non-free copyrighted sources is allowed, as discussed in Knowledge (XXG)'s

706: 372: 361: 3077: 803:

Short catchphrases, slogans or mottos may also be reproduced where relevant to the discussion.

1789: 1698: 1435:

A number of Knowledge (XXG) policies and guidelines are relevant to this essay. They include:

382:, and when extensive (with or without in-text attribution) may also violate Knowledge (XXG)'s 4349: 4294: 3440: 3379: 2679: 1564:(essay) – Proper use of quotations in articles, with copyright and "fair use" considerations. 1467: 1245: 878:

Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly was amongst those who occupied the visitors' gallery."

356:, is the superficial modification of material from another source. Editors should generally 988: 727: 1801: 403:

so long as the source is attributed as part of the citation or at the end of the article.

917:"currently occupying", are not enough to constitute an original rewriting of the passage. 711: 629: 874:

there was a minor scuffle during which the main door to the visitors' centre was damaged

471: 1419:

contains some suggestions for rewriting that may help avoid these issues. The article

1346:

contains some suggestions for rewriting that may help avoid these issues. The article

966:

Start off by taking notes of essential information only, excluding the use of phrases.

746:. To avoid this risk, Knowledge (XXG) keeps this—like other non-free content—minimal. 365: 4721: 4230:

Assume that everyone's assuming good faith, assuming that you are assuming good faith

1844: 1774: 694: 392: 1110: 560:

Knowledge (XXG) does not have an official policy regarding moral rights of authors.

1415:, this article should be revised to separate it further from its source. The essay 1740: 754:

Right: Churchill said, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."

601:

most essential content). A close paraphrase of one sentence from a book may be of

1273:

Note: All text in these examples is dedicated by its authors to the public domain

1084: 1448:– policy that describes general principles that apply to use of copyrighted work 1216: 1016:

Don't paraphrase information in the same order it was presented from the source.

422:

way to violate copyright or plagiarize. Close paraphrasing can be a problem too.

1470:

and describes when non-free material may be used under the "fair use" principle

1038:

Words or ideas do not follow the same pattern and order as the source material.

1029:

Information has been gathered from several sources and distilled in your words.

1600:(article) – Includes a list of free and commercial plagiarism detection tools. 1588:(essay) – Information about how to write a plot summary for a work of fiction. 1495: 602: 414: 1636:

Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991)

1558:(talk page) – Discussion of paraphrase and abridgement, a copyright concern. 739: 575: 3431:

Don't accuse someone of a personal attack for accusing of a personal attack

1839: 1232:. Ideas in this article should be expressed in an original manner. See the 1668: 1491: 870:

They insisted they would refuse to leave until they had met with Carson.

609: 1669:"Copyright Protection Not Available for Names, Titles, or Short Phrases" 927:

for an example of an unusable paraphrase repaired to become acceptable.

596:

Paraphrasing rises to the level of copyright infringement when there is

1856: 2835:

Don't overuse shortcuts to policy and guidelines to win your argument

435:

or distortion of an author's work, infringing on their moral rights.

4117:

Knowledge (XXG) is not here to tell the world about your noble cause

1454:– policy that describes copyright violations and how to address them 1582:(article) – Sometimes there are only so many ways to say something. 491: 479: 413: 2300:

Criticisms of society may be consistent with NPOV and reliability

1486:

Several Knowledge (XXG) articles discuss related topics such as

1167:

Look for content that resembles content included in a quotation.

4610: 4147: 3754: 2960: 1901: 1860: 1777:. The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University 1728:

Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism § Copying material from free sources

1652:

https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2447394-jerseyboys.html

716:

Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism § Copying material from free sources

1562:

Knowledge (XXG):Quotations § Copyrighted material and fair use

1210: 734:), and quotations of biased statements of opinion should have 378:

Close paraphrasing without in-text attribution may constitute

110: 90: 15: 1556:

Knowledge (XXG) talk:Copyrights/Archive 12 § Derivative works

907:

The structure and language of the two sentences are the same.

773:

When there are a limited number of ways to say the same thing

3997:

Not every single thing Donald Trump does deserves an article

3169:

Most people who disagree with you on content are not vandals

2637:

Knowledge (XXG) is not being written in an organized fashion

1460:– policy that defines limitations on use of non-free content 490:

If this somewhat dubious source was used for the article on

3526:

Don't demand that editors solve the problems they identify

3335:

Drop the stick and back slowly away from the horse carcass

2930:

What to do if your article gets tagged for speedy deletion

2270:

Children's lit, adult new readers, & large-print books

1982:

Editing Knowledge (XXG) is like visiting a foreign country

641: 963:

is to isolate the essential information by taking notes.

478:

illustrates creative expression in his description of a

4370:

How many Wikipedians does it take to change a lightbulb?

1592:

Knowledge (XXG):Plot-only description of fictional works

4380:

How to put up a straight pole by pushing it at an angle

1760: 1726:

policies. Attribution may be required, as explained at

1290:. It would not be appropriate for situations where the 946: 786: 515: 459: 452: 75: 68: 3932:

No amount of editing can overcome a lack of notability

3566:

Don't make a smarmy valediction part of your signature

3678:

There's no need to guess someone's preferred pronouns

2315:

Don't demolish the house while it's still being built

1105:

Correcting issues – step 1) Bring in other source(s).

4122:

Knowledge (XXG) is not the place to post your résumé

1730:, but citing it is a source might be against policy. 1380:

article you contributed to has parts which are very

807:considered to be "merged" with the idea expressed. 730:. Quotations must always have inline citations (see 4669: 4623: 3696: 3403: 3267: 3101: 2973: 2733: 2660: 2155: 1914: 1268:

Example approaches to discussing with other editors

4641:Difference between policies, guidelines and essays 4420:Newcomers are delicious, so go ahead and bite them 2042:Not editing because of Knowledge (XXG) restriction 386:, which forbids Knowledge (XXG) contributors from 2612:Understanding Knowledge (XXG)'s content standards 1904:Essays on building, editing, and deleting content 761:reviewer found the film "pretentious and boring". 638:Knowledge (XXG)'s guideline related to plagiarism 2765:Arguments to avoid in image deletion discussions 2710:We shouldn't be able to figure out your opinions 2462:Not every story/event/disaster needs a biography 1550:Knowledge (XXG):FAQ/Copyright § Derivative works 532:"The sun looms through the haze like a red omen" 4440:No climbing the Reichstag dressed as Spider-Man 4170:Ain't no rules says a dog can't play basketball 3847:Drafts are not checked for notability or sanity 2487:Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area 1992:Eight simple rules for editing our encyclopedia 484: 123:Knowledge (XXG):Copying text from other sources 3867:Extracting the meaning of significant coverage 3033:High-functioning autism and Asperger's editors 2800:Counting and sorting are not original research 1741:"Staff protest over Waterford Crystal closure" 1693:Bruce P. Keller and Jeffrey P. Cunard (2001). 399:, copying or closely paraphrasing it is not a 121:For information on copy and pasting text, see 4694:How to contribute to Knowledge (XXG) guidance 4310:Don't abbreviate "Knowledge (XXG)" as "Wiki"! 2830:Don't confuse stub status with non-notability 2112:The role of policies in collaborative anarchy 1872: 1626:Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service 691:Knowledge (XXG):1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica 330: 8: 4360:Seven Ages of Editor, by Will E. Spear-Shake 3124:An uncivil environment is a poor environment 2850:How to save an article proposed for deletion 2127:We are absolutely here to right great wrongs 2102:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Knowledge (XXG) 2067:POV and OR from editors, sources, and fields 1574: 1480:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § Quotations 1384:from . This can be a problem under both our 1006:Add inline citations in accordance with the 681:Public domain or compatibly-licensed content 358:summarize source material in their own words 3892:Inclusion is not an indicator of notability 1586:Knowledge (XXG):How to write a plot summary 1230:of one or more non-free copyrighted sources 4620: 4607: 4585:You don't have to be mad to work here, but 4157: 4144: 3972:Notability is not relevance or reliability 3927:News coverage does not decrease notability 3837:Discriminate vs indiscriminate information 3787:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions 3764: 3751: 2970: 2957: 2780:Before commenting in a deletion discussion 2755:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions 1911: 1898: 1879: 1865: 1857: 1840:WMF legal's comments on close paraphrasing 1050: 397:compatible with Knowledge (XXG)'s licenses 337: 323: 130: 4480:Please be a giant dick, so we can ban you 2770:Arguments to make in deletion discussions 2390:Identifying and using independent sources 1458:Knowledge (XXG):Non-free content criteria 636:, close paraphrasing may be at odds with 4646:Don't cite essays as if they were policy 3807:Big events make key participants notable 3254:Knowledge (XXG) should not be a monopoly 2632:Knowledge (XXG) is not a reliable source 2370:Formatting bilateral relations templates 1816:"How to Paraphrase Without Plagiarizing" 1775:"Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words" 1064: 1035:are used appropriately and infrequently. 916:"is one of those" and "occupied" --: --> 839: 47:Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines 4057:Solutions are mixtures and nothing else 3962:Notability is not a level playing field 3877:How the presumption of notability works 2993:Contributing to complicated discussions 2845:How the presumption of notability works 2365:Formatting bilateral relations articles 2180:Adding images improves the encyclopedia 1697:. Practising Law Institute. p. §11–41. 1616: 282: 256: 215: 184: 140: 133: 4590:You should not write meaningless lists 3887:Historical/Policy/Notability/Arguments 3194:Staying cool when the editing gets hot 2935:When in doubt, hide it in the woodwork 2760:Arguments to avoid in deletion reviews 2325:Don't hope the house will build itself 1932:All Five Pillars are equally important 1851:How to Paraphrase Without Plagiarizing 1845:Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words 1818:. Colorado State University. 1993–2011 1797: 1787: 1773:Purdue OWL contributors (2010-04-21). 4017:One sentence does not an article make 3967:Notability is not a matter of opinion 3683:You can't squeeze blood from a turnip 3596:Don't throw your toys out of the pram 3114:A weak personal attack is still wrong 3053:Obsessive–compulsive disorder editors 2685:Don't throw more litter onto the pile 2627:Knowledge (XXG) is a work in progress 2452:Minors and persons judged incompetent 2215:An unfinished house is a real problem 2200:Alternatives to the "Expand" template 2002:External criticism of Knowledge (XXG) 1695:Copyright Law: A Practitioner's Guide 1073: 1070: 1067: 728:non-free content policy and guideline 656:When is close paraphrasing permitted? 7: 4570:What Knowledge (XXG) is not/Outtakes 4550:Things that should not be surprising 4245:Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense 3571:Don't remind others of past misdeeds 3516:Don't come down like a ton of bricks 3501:Don't call people by their real name 3249:Knowledge (XXG) is not about winning 3179:Profanity, civility, and discussions 2587:There are no shortcuts to neutrality 1538:Paraphrasing of copyrighted material 1522:"Let's get serious about plagiarism" 1504:paraphrasing of copyrighted material 1452:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright violations 1440:Knowledge (XXG):No original research 1085:Born in Slavery, Library of Congress 1055:Example: close paraphrasing repaired 275:Contributor copyright investigations 249:Guidance for text copyright problems 34:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright violations 4445:No one cares about your garage band 4430:List of jokes about Knowledge (XXG) 4097:What is and is not routine coverage 3942:No one cares about your garage band 3862:Existence does not prove notability 3280:Assume the assumption of good faith 3209:There is no Divine Right of Editors 3063:Relationships with academic editors 2925:Why was the page I created deleted? 2920:Knowledge (XXG) is not Whack-A-Mole 2360:Featured articles may have problems 2147:Knowledge (XXG) is not RationalWiki 1140:Knowledge (XXG):The perfect article 4728:Knowledge (XXG) supplemental pages 4490:Please do not murder the newcomers 4047:Reducing consensus to an algorithm 3531:Don't drink the consensus Kool-Aid 2745:Adjectives in your recommendations 2622:What an article should not include 2512:The problem with elegant variation 2320:Don't get hung up on minor details 2137:Knowledge (XXG) is an encyclopedia 1488:Copyright law of the United States 1288:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright problems 51:thoroughly vetted by the community 14: 4540:The first rule of Knowledge (XXG) 4112:Knowledge (XXG) is not Crunchbase 3812:Businesses with a single location 3093:You have a right to remain silent 2542:Restoring part of a reverted edit 2497:Potential, not just current state 2427:Ignore STRONGNAT for date formats 476:More Beasts: (for Worse Children) 3561:Don't knit beside the guillotine 3556:Don't ignore community consensus 2790:Confusing arguments mean nothing 1761:2008–2009 Irish financial crisis 1674:. United States Copyright Office 1464:Knowledge (XXG):Non-free content 1431:Relevant policies and guidelines 1215: 628:Even when content is verifiably 614:Knowledge (XXG):Non-free content 114: 94: 19: 4062:Sources must be out-of-universe 3777:All high schools can be notable 3174:Old-fashioned Wikipedian values 2860:Identifying blatant advertising 2642:The world will not end tomorrow 2472:Not everything needs a template 2385:How to write a featured article 1987:Editors will sometimes be wrong 931:How to write acceptable content 239:Requesting copyright permission 234:Copying text from other sources 159:Reusing Knowledge (XXG) content 4651:Avoid writing redundant essays 4300:Don't stuff beans up your nose 4175:Akin's Laws of Article Writing 4002:Obscurity ≠ Lack of notability 3952:Notability cannot be purchased 3912:Masking the lack of notability 2675:Copyediting reception sections 2577:Temporary versions of articles 2507:Principle of Some Astonishment 2295:Creating controversial content 2195:Akin's Laws of Article Writing 2142:Knowledge (XXG) is a community 1045:The example above on this page 198:Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1: 4677:About policies and guidelines 3792:Articles with a single source 3416:Knowledge (XXG):Because I can 3239:Two wrongs don't make a right 3229:The rules of polite discourse 3159:It's not the end of the world 2467:Not everything needs a navbox 2335:Don't "teach the controversy" 2007:Here to build an encyclopedia 924: 229:Donating copyrighted material 4565:Knowledge (XXG) is an MMORPG 4260:BOLD, revert, revert, revert 4180:Alternatives to edit warring 3043:Maintaining a friendly space 1466:– guideline that expands on 1044: 650:neutral point of view policy 624:Knowledge (XXG)'s guidelines 556:Knowledge (XXG):Moral rights 4545:The Five Pillars of Untruth 4335:Editing under the influence 3872:Google searches and numbers 3591:Don't template the regulars 3506:Don't call the kettle black 3300:Be excellent to one another 3184:Revert notification opt-out 3088:We are all Wikipedians here 2537:Put a little effort into it 2482:Obtain peer review comments 2437:Introduction to structurism 2375:Fruit of the poisonous tree 2345:Editors are not mindreaders 2250:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle 2240:Beef up that first revision 2012:Leave it to the experienced 1977:Don't search for objections 1853:, Colorado State University 1544:Idea–expression distinction 1145:Existing close paraphrasing 699:work of the U.S. government 693:). If the source is in the 4744: 4575:Why not create an account? 4510:Requirements for adminship 4385:How to vandalize correctly 4355:Five Fs of Knowledge (XXG) 4315:Don't delete the main page 4235:Avoid using preview button 3957:Notability comparison test 3541:Don't fight fire with fire 3536:Don't eat the troll's food 3496:Don't call a spade a spade 3491:Don't bludgeon the process 3340:Encourage full discussions 3189:Shadowless Fists of Death! 2825:Don't attack the nominator 2785:But there must be sources! 2607:Try not to leave it a stub 2557:Source your plot summaries 1716:Keller and Cunard, §11–40. 1532:Knowledge (XXG):Copy-paste 1516:Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism 1474:Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism 1446:Knowledge (XXG):Copyrights 1137: 1118: 1103: 1091: 1077: 969:Record the source for the 936: 872:Following the revelations, 776: 722:Quotation of non-free text 661: 623: 585: 553: 529:"Istanbul is a large city" 505: 442: 224:Frequently asked questions 154:Copyright violation policy 58: 38:Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism 4619: 4606: 4525:Sarcasm is really helpful 4465:Notability is not eternal 4390:How to win a citation war 4160: 4156: 4143: 3852:Every snowflake is unique 3772:Advanced source searching 3767: 3763: 3750: 3653:No, you can't have a pony 3601:Do not insult the vandals 3461:Don't be high-maintenance 3018:Encouraging the newcomers 2969: 2956: 2562:Specialized-style fallacy 2527:Pruning article revisions 2355:Endorsements (commercial) 2340:Editing on mobile devices 2245:Blind men and an elephant 2220:Articles have a half-life 1967:Dissent is not disloyalty 1937:Avoid vague introductions 1910: 1897: 1253:Notice to the contributor 740:guidelines for quotations 541:Selection and arrangement 301:Media copyright questions 135:Knowledge (XXG) copyright 4535:The Night Before Wikimas 4400:Ignore every single rule 4375:How to get away with UPE 4255:Before they were notable 4027:Overreliance upon Google 3822:Common sourcing mistakes 3395:Settle the process first 3355:Imagine others complexly 3259:Writing for the opponent 3234:There is no common sense 2915:Unopposed AFD discussion 2900:Relisting can be abusive 2775:Avoid repeated arguments 2380:Give an article a chance 2230:Avoid mission statements 2190:Advanced text formatting 2185:Advanced article editing 2132:Knowledge (XXG) in brief 2117:The rules are principles 2077:Product, process, policy 1927:Articles must be written 1759:Knowledge (XXG) article 1526:Knowledge (XXG) Signpost 1374: 1303: 1224:This article or section 687:Encyclopaedia Britannica 102:This page in a nutshell: 4670:Policies and guidelines 4505:Requests for medication 4485:Please bite the newbies 4410:Mess with the templates 3977:Notability means impact 3511:Don't call things cruft 3486:Don't be the Fun Police 3295:Avoid the word "vandal" 3244:Knowledge (XXG) clichés 3109:A thank you never hurts 2880:Liar liar pants on fire 2815:Deletion is not cleanup 2725:Writing better articles 2715:Write the article first 2690:Gender-neutral language 2662:Writing article content 2652:Writing better articles 2647:Write the article first 2582:Tertiary-source fallacy 2350:Encourage the newcomers 2310:Dictionaries as sources 2255:Build content to endure 634:compatible free license 4699:Policy writing is hard 4405:Is that even an essay? 4102:What notability is not 3857:Existence ≠ Notability 3466:Don't be inconsiderate 3390:Read before commenting 3375:Mind your own business 3290:Avoid personal remarks 2865:Identifying test edits 2210:A navbox on every page 2165:100K featured articles 1962:Concede lost arguments 1957:Competence is required 1888:Knowledge (XXG) essays 1604:Template:uw-paraphrase 1575: 1568:Substantial similarity 598:substantial similarity 588:Substantial similarity 582:Substantial similarity 488: 423: 373:attributed in the text 311:Declaration of consent 4495:Pledge of Tranquility 4240:Avoid using wikilinks 4067:Subjective importance 3581:Don't spite your face 3370:Keep it down to earth 3134:Beware of the tigers! 3073:Too long; didn't read 3013:Edit at your own pace 2983:Accepting other users 2750:AfD is not a war zone 2097:There is no seniority 2037:Neutrality of sources 1654:Robert Jones, in the 1404:example from article 1322:example from article 1111:A Collective Portrait 978:neutral point of view 766:Bulgarian Butterflies 662:Further information: 586:Further information: 417: 203:Public domain content 4661:Quote your own essay 4530:Sausages for tasting 4305:Don't-give-a-fuckism 4275:CaPiTaLiZaTiOn MuCh? 4087:Vanispamcruftisement 3987:Notability sub-pages 3797:Avoid template creep 3757:Essays on notability 3673:There are no oracles 3456:Don't be a WikiBigot 3310:Call a spade a spade 3083:Unblock perspectives 2910:The Heymann Standard 2895:Overzealous deletion 2855:I just don't like it 2592:There is no deadline 2457:"Murder of" articles 2285:Common-style fallacy 2157:Article construction 2072:Process is important 2017:Levels of competence 1942:Be a reliable source 1598:Plagiarism detection 1397:example from source 1315:example from source 1093:Unacceptable version 811:in a sourced quote. 764:Wrong: According to 632:or released under a 572:verifiability policy 296:Copyright assistance 270:Files for discussion 4450:No one really cares 4365:Go ahead, vandalize 4127:Two prongs of merit 4072:Third-party sources 3992:Notabilitymandering 3947:No one really cares 3902:Inherent notability 3897:Independent sources 3782:Alternative outlets 3616:Nationalist editing 3586:Don't take the bait 3551:Don't help too much 3476:Don't be prejudiced 3446:Don't be an ostrich 3411:ALPHABETTISPAGHETTI 3144:Deletion as revenge 3119:Advice for hotheads 2940:No Encyclopedic Use 2820:Does deletion help? 2720:Writing about women 2602:The deadline is now 2597:There is a deadline 2477:Nothing is in stone 2107:Tendentious editing 2022:Levels of consensus 1847:, Purdue University 1376:Hi. I'm afraid the 1305:Hi. I'm afraid the 736:in-text attribution 707:in-text attribution 570:In accordance with 439:Creative expression 401:copyright violation 364:as required by the 306:File copyright tags 49:as it has not been 4460:No sorcery threats 4340:Embrace Stop Signs 4220:Assume good wraith 4195:Anti-Wikipedianism 4032:Perennial websites 4022:Other stuff exists 3658:Passive aggression 3621:No angry mastodons 3611:Hate is disruptive 3471:Don't be obnoxious 3436:Don't be a fanatic 3214:Most ideas are bad 3154:Forgive and forget 2963:Essays on civility 2572:Run an edit-a-thon 2305:Deprecated sources 2280:Citation underkill 2265:Chesterton's fence 2235:Be neutral in form 2087:Reasonability rule 2052:Oversimplification 2027:Most ideas are bad 1800:has generic name ( 1399:The article says: 1367:close paraphrasing 1317:The article says: 1295:close paraphrasing 1282:Extensive problems 1228:close paraphrasing 1202:Close paraphrasing 759:The New York Times 424: 418:Copying isn't the 350:Close paraphrasing 265:Copyright problems 244:Close paraphrasing 4715: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4580:Yes legal threats 4395:Ignore all essays 4280:Complete bollocks 4205:Asshole John rule 4139: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4092:What BLP1E is not 4012:One hundred words 3982:Notability points 3746: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3546:Don't give a fuck 3421:Civil POV pushing 3385:Mutual withdrawal 3275:Assume good faith 3139:Civility warnings 3058:Please say please 3008:Editors' pronouns 2952: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2840:Follow the leader 2705:Use our own words 2670:Avoid thread mode 2517:Pro and con lists 2275:Citation overkill 2225:Autosizing images 1947:Civil POV pushing 1241: 1240: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 882: 881: 846:Close paraphrase 703:the Copyright FAQ 347: 346: 208:Non-US copyrights 129: 128: 109: 108: 88:Explanatory essay 86: 85: 30:explanatory essay 4735: 4656:Finding an essay 4621: 4608: 4270:Butterfly effect 4265:Boston Tea Party 4225:Assume stupidity 4210:Assume bad faith 4200:Articlecountitis 4158: 4145: 4077:Trivial mentions 3922:Minimum coverage 3765: 3752: 3451:Don't be ashamed 3330:Discussing cruft 3320:Deny recognition 3219:Nothing is clear 3028:Expect no thanks 2971: 2958: 2890:Nothing is clear 2737:deleting content 2420:Tertiary sources 2175:Acronym overkill 2047:The one question 1912: 1899: 1892: 1881: 1874: 1867: 1858: 1827: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1785: 1783: 1782: 1770: 1764: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1737: 1731: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1665: 1659: 1647: 1641: 1639: 1621: 1580: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1365: 1358:Limited problems 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1308: 1299: 1293: 1246:Template:Copyvio 1219: 1211: 1206: 1200: 1197:You can use the 1187:Flag the problem 1065: 1051: 949: 877: 873: 869: 862: 858: 854: 840: 789: 518: 462: 455: 384:copyright policy 362:inline citations 339: 332: 325: 193:Non-free content 149:Copyright policy 131: 118: 117: 111: 98: 97: 91: 78: 71: 23: 22: 16: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4703: 4665: 4636:Value of essays 4615: 4594: 4425:Legal vandalism 4290:Counting juntas 4190:Anti-Wikipedian 4152: 4150:Humorous essays 4131: 4107:What to include 4052:Run-of-the-mill 4042:Read the source 4007:Offline sources 3802:Bare notability 3759: 3738: 3692: 3643:No Confederates 3441:Don't be a jerk 3399: 3365:Keep it concise 3305:Beyond civility 3263: 3097: 3038:How to be civil 3003:Don't retaliate 2965: 2944: 2875:Keep it concise 2810:Delete the junk 2805:Delete or merge 2795:Content removal 2729: 2695:Myth vs fiction 2656: 2547:Robotic editing 2410:Science sources 2405:Primary sources 2395:History sources 2170:Abandoned stubs 2151: 1922:Article content 1906: 1893: 1885: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1821: 1819: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1796: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1648: 1644: 1630: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1512: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1319: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1297: 1291: 1284: 1270: 1237: 1220: 1204: 1198: 1181: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1056: 953: 952: 947:WP:FIXCLOSEPARA 945: 941: 933: 875: 871: 867: 860: 856: 852: 835: 793: 792: 785: 781: 775: 732:WP:When to cite 724: 712:inline citation 683: 666: 658: 626: 590: 584: 558: 552: 543: 522: 521: 514: 510: 504: 466: 465: 458: 451: 447: 441: 432: 412: 366:sourcing policy 343: 178: 115: 95: 89: 82: 81: 74: 67: 63: 55: 54: 36:policy and the 20: 12: 11: 5: 4741: 4739: 4731: 4730: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4330:Editsummarisis 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4285:Counting forks 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3842:Don't cite GNG 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3817:But it's true! 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3768: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3714:WikiHarassment 3711: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3648:No queerphobia 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3629: 3628: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3285:Assume no clue 3282: 3277: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3023:Enjoy yourself 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2979: 2977: 2967: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2552:Sham consensus 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1997:Explanationism 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1918: 1916: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1895: 1894: 1886: 1884: 1883: 1876: 1869: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1835: 1834:External links 1832: 1829: 1828: 1807: 1765: 1752: 1732: 1718: 1709: 1702: 1685: 1660: 1642: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1577:Scènes à faire 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1519: 1511: 1508: 1484: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1432: 1429: 1375: 1359: 1356: 1304: 1283: 1280: 1269: 1266: 1264:paraphrasing. 1262: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1239: 1238: 1223: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1161: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1106: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1049: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1004: 997:Write a draft 995: 994: 993: 992: 981: 974: 967: 951: 950: 942: 937: 932: 929: 921: 920: 919: 918: 910: 909: 908: 902: 901: 900: 894: 893: 892: 880: 879: 864: 848: 847: 844: 834: 831: 826: 825: 822: 819: 791: 790: 782: 777: 774: 771: 770: 769: 762: 755: 723: 720: 682: 679: 657: 654: 625: 622: 583: 580: 551: 548: 542: 539: 534: 533: 530: 520: 519: 511: 506: 503: 500: 472:Hilaire Belloc 464: 463: 456: 448: 443: 440: 437: 431: 428: 421: 411: 408: 359: 345: 344: 342: 341: 334: 327: 319: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 285: 284: 280: 279: 278: 277: 272: 267: 259: 258: 254: 253: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 218: 217: 213: 212: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 187: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 177: 176: 170: 164: 163:License text ( 161: 156: 151: 143: 142: 138: 137: 127: 126: 119: 107: 106: 99: 87: 84: 83: 80: 79: 72: 64: 59: 56: 44: 43: 26: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4740: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4560:Watchlistitis 4558: 4556: 4555:The WikiBible 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4500:R-e-s-p-e-c-t 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4475:Play the game 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415:My local pond 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325:Edits Per Day 4323: 4321: 4320:Editcountitis 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907:Insignificant 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3724:WikiLawyering 3722: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697:WikiRelations 3695: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3521:Don't cry COI 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3481:Don't be rude 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426:Cyberbullying 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:The last word 3202: 3200: 3199:The grey zone 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2617:Walled garden 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2442:Mine a source 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290:Concept cloud 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2260:Cherrypicking 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2092:Systemic bias 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 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