1498:
1483:
Schwartz views as mostly to do with self-protection), conservation (which
Schwartz views as mostly related to social-protection), and self-transcendence (which Schwartz views as a form of social growth). Within this Schwartz places 10 universal values: self-direction, stimulation and hedonism (related to openness growth), achievement and power (related to self enhancement), security, conformity and tradition (related to conservation), and humility, benevolence and universalism (relate to self-transcendence).
1709:. For example, values important to global governance can include leadership, legitimacy, and efficiency. Within our current global governance architecture, leadership is expressed through the G20, legitimacy through the United Nations, and efficiency through member-driven international organizations. The expertise provided by international organizations and civil society depends on the incorporation of flexibility in the rules, to preserve the expression of
1468:. From a functional aspect these values are categorized into three and they are interpersonal relationship area, personal factors, and non-personal factors. From an ethnocentric perspective, it could be assumed that a same set of values will not reflect equally between two groups of people from two countries. Though the core values are related, the processing of values can differ based on the cultural identity of an individual.
4474:
955:; they affect the ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases, or alters. An object with "ethic value" may be termed an "ethic or philosophic good" (
3271:
1280:. For example, taking a fictional life-stance of accepting waffle-eating as being the end-in-itself, the intensity may be the speed that waffles are eaten, and is zero when no waffles are eaten, e.g. if no waffles are present. Still, each waffle that had been present would still have value, no matter if it was being eaten or not, independent on intensity.
1260:
research investigating whether there are universal values, and what those values are. Schwartz defined 'values' as "conceptions of the desirable that influence the way people select action and evaluate events". He hypothesised that universal values would relate to three different types of human need:
2036:
A society may restrict behavior of individuals who are members of the society only for the purpose of performing its designated functions agreed to by the majority of individuals in the society, only insofar as they violate the aforementioned values. This means that a society may abrogate the rights
2032:
A society may require contributions from its members in order for them to benefit from the services provided by the society. The failure of individuals to make such required contributions could be considered a reason to deny those benefits to them, although a society could elect to consider hardship
2028:
A society (or more specifically the system of order that enables the workings of a society) exists for the purpose of benefiting the lives of the individuals who are members of that society. The functions of a society in providing such benefits would be those agreed to by the majority of individuals
1812:
finds that war and other perceived collective dangers have a profound influence on both the psychology of individuals and on the social structure and cultural values. A dangerous environment leads to a hierarchical, authoritarian, and warlike culture, while a safe and peaceful environment fosters an
1678:
at a funeral. Different cultures represent values differently and to different levels of emphasis. "Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others." Values seemed to have changed,
1128:
values, either in agreement with or divergence from prevailing norms. A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful and constructive. Without normative personal values, there would
1322:
value) is one that an individual is unwilling to trade off no matter what the benefits of doing so may be. For example, some people may be unwilling to kill another person, even if it means saving many other individuals. Protected values tend to be "intrinsically good", and most people can in fact
1800:
in relation to how much they adhere to social norms and tolerates deviance. Tight cultures are more restrictive, with stricter disciplinary measures for norm violations while loose cultures have weaker social norms and a higher tolerance for deviant behavior. A history of threats, such as natural
1493:
The order of
Schwartz's traits are substantially stability amongst adults over time. Migrants values change when they move to a new country, but the order of preferences is still quite stable. Motherhood causes women to shift their values towards stability and away from openness-to-change but not
1720:
Nonetheless, in warlike economic competition, differing views may contradict each other, particularly in the field of culture. Thus audiences in Europe may regard a movie as an artistic creation and grant it benefits from special treatment, while audiences in the United States may see it as mere
1226:
Intrinsic and instrumental goods are not mutually exclusive categories. Some objects are both good in themselves, and also good for getting other objects that are good. "Understanding science" may be such a good, being both worthwhile in and of itself, and as a means of achieving other goods. In
1975:
value system. Whether idealized or realized, this type contains an implicit exception associated with each value: "as long as no higher-priority value is violated". For instance, a person might feel that lying is wrong. Since preserving a life is probably more highly valued than adhering to the
1758:
value practical survival skills from a young age. Many such cultures begin teaching babies to use sharp tools, including knives, before their first birthdays. Italian parents value social and emotional abilities and having an even temperament. Spanish parents want their children to be sociable.
1482:
Schwartz proposed a theory of individual values based on surveys data. His model groups values in terms of growth versus protection, and personal versus social focus. Values are then associated with openness to change (which
Schwartz views as related to personal growth), self-enhancement (which
1341:
front line in Iraq and with ordinary citizens in
Western Europe suggest that commitment to sacred values motivate the most "devoted actors" to make the costliest sacrifices, including willingness to fight and die, as well as a readiness to forsake close kin and comrades for those values if
1415:
Values may help common human problems for survival by comparative rankings of value, the results of which provide answers to questions of why people do what they do and in what order they choose to do them. Moral, religious, and personal values, when held rigidly, may also give rise to
1486:
Personality traits using the big 5 measure correlate with
Schwartz's value construct. Openness and extraversion correlates with the values related to openness-to-change (openness especially with self-direction, extraversion especially with stimulation); agreeableness correlates with
2024:
Individuals may act freely unless their actions harm others or interfere with others' freedom or with functions of society that individuals need, provided those functions do not themselves interfere with these proscribed individual rights and were agreed to by a majority of the
962:
Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of actions or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves admiration", and "People should be treated with
1411:
Personal values provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful, beautiful, desirable and constructive. Values are one of the factors that generate behavior (besides needs, interests and habits) and influence the choices made by an individual.
1187:. An instrumental value is worth having as a means towards getting something else that is good (e.g., a radio is instrumentally good in order to hear music). An intrinsically valuable thing is worth for itself, not as a means to something else. It is giving value
1682:
Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in that culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple
1948:
value system is a listing of values that lacks exceptions. It is, therefore, absolute and can be codified as a strict set of proscriptions on behavior. Those who hold to their idealized value system and claim no exceptions (other than the default) are called
1305:
There may be a distinction between positive and negative philosophic or ethic value. While positive ethic value generally correlates with something that is pursued or maximized, negative ethic value correlates with something that is avoided or minimized.
1729:
traditionally treats films as property and the content of television programs as a service. Consequently, cultural interventionist policies can find themselves opposed to the Anglo-Saxon liberal position, causing failures in international negotiations.
1387:, since it is independent from some other desired condition or commodity. The economic value of an object may rise when the exchangeable desired condition or commodity, e.g. money, become high in supply, and vice versa when supply of money becomes low.
1759:
Swedish parents value security and happiness. Dutch parents value independence, long attention spans, and predictable schedules. American parents are unusual for strongly valuing intellectual ability, especially in a narrow "book learning" sense. The
2443:
GĂłmez, Ăngel; LĂłpez-RodrĂguez, LucĂa; Sheikh, Hammad; Ginges, Jeremy; Wilson, Lydia; Waziri, Hoshang; VĂĄzquez, Alexandra; Davis, Richard; Atran, Scott (2017). "The devoted actor's will to fight and the spiritual dimension of human conflict".
1402:
of possessing something exceeds the personal philosophic value of what is given up in exchange for it, e.g. money. In this light, everything can be said to have a "personal economic value" in contrast to its "societal economic value."
1984:
Although sharing a set of common values, like hockey is better than baseball or ice cream is better than fruit, two different parties might not rank those values equally. Also, two parties might disagree as to certain actions are
2885:
Hacker, Violaine (2011a), "Building Medias
Industry while promoting a community of values in the globalization: from quixotic choices to pragmatic boon for EU Citizens", Politické Védy-Journal of Political Science, Slovakia, pp.
1670:. While norms are standards, patterns, rules and guides of expected behavior, values are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of
1801:
disasters, high population density, or vulnerability to infectious diseases, is associated with greater tightness. It has been suggested that tightness allows cultures to coordinate more effectively to survive threats.
1848:
As a member of a society, group or community, an individual can hold both a personal value system and a communal value system at the same time. In this case, the two value systems (one personal and one communal) are
1323:
imagine a scenario when trading off their most precious values would be necessary. If such trade-offs happen between two competing protected values such as killing a person and defending your family they are called
1487:
self-transcendence values (especially benevolence); extraversion is correlated with self-enhancement and negatively with traditional values. Conscientiousness correlates with achievement, conformity and security.
1427:
Over time the public expression of personal values that groups of people find important in their day-to-day lives, lay the foundations of law, custom and tradition. Recent research has thereby stressed the
1964:
The difference between these two types of systems can be seen when people state that they hold one value system yet in practice deviate from it, thus holding a different value system. For example, a
1398:
a person puts in possessing something is reflected in what economic value this person puts on it. The limit where a person considers to purchase something may be regarded as the point where the
4267:
1516:
Moral foundation theory identifies five forms of moral foundation: harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. The first two are often termed
1043:. Ethical value denotes something's degree of importance, with the aim of determining what action or life is best to do, or at least attempt to describe the value of different actions.
3257:
1167:", and believe that what we say is important. But these are no more than expressions and can never be facts, resulting from a tendency of the mind and not the heart or the will".
5637:
1600:
2166:
912:
2910:
1976:
principle that lying is wrong, lying to save someone's life is acceptable. Perhaps too simplistic in practice, such a hierarchical structure may warrant explicit exceptions.
1524:. The moral foundations were found to be correlated with the theory of basic human values. The strong correlations are between conservatives values and binding foundations.
1163:
was pessimistic about the idea that an elucidation would ever happen regarding the absolute values of actions or objects; "we can speak as much as we want about "life" and "
879:
1940:
exceptions, on the other hand, are ad hoc and pertain only to specific situations. The presence of a type of exception determines one of two more kinds of value systems:
1432:. Consumer behavior research proposes there are six internal values and three external values. They are known as List of Values (LOV) in management studies. They are
1725:
policies based on the notion of "cultural exception" can become juxtaposed with the liberal policy of "cultural specificity" in
English-speaking countries. Indeed,
1188:
1778:
1774:
1569:
1809:
1666:, but they are more global and intellectual than norms. Norms provide rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as
1490:
Men are found to value achievement, self-direction, hedonism, and stimulation more than women, while women value benevolence, universality and tradition higher.
4243:
2966:
4510:
1960:
value system contains exceptions to resolve contradictions between values in practical circumstances. This type is what people tend to use in daily life.
2938:
2572:. Ed. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. October 2003. Downloaded 13 February 2016.
1690:
If a group member expresses a value that seriously conflicts with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging
1140:
values differ between people, and on a larger scale, between people of different cultures. On the other hand, there are theories of the existence of
3258:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290349218_The_political_algebra_of_global_value_change_General_models_and_implications_for_the_Muslim_world
1574:
1273:
of philosophic value is the degree it is generated or carried out, and may be regarded as the prevalence of the good, the object having the value.
4275:
2016:. A rational value system organized to resolve the conflict between two such value systems might take the form below. Added exceptions can become
772:
5148:
3215:
2870:
2651:
2624:
1293:
it is the product of value and intensity that is ultimately desirable, i.e. not only to generate value, but to generate it in large degree.
1586:
3241:
The political algebra of global value change. General models and implications for the Muslim world. With Almas
Heshmati and Hichem Karoui
1785:
reflect the transition from a religious understanding of the world to a dominance of science and bureaucracy. The second dimension named
1369:). The protectedness implies that people are concerned with their participation in transactions rather than just the consequences of it.
4291:
1936:
exceptions serve to reinforce the ranking of values. Their definitions are generalized enough to be relevant to any and all situations.
898:
757:
3249:
1554:
1286:
in this case could be exampled by every waffle not present, making them less valued by being far away rather than easily accessible.
3391:
2211:
2147:
1277:
1763:
of Kenya value children who are not only smart, but who employ that intelligence in a responsible and helpful way, which they call
1330:
5881:
5707:
5627:
5607:
3303:
2073:
4503:
3063:
1593:
1129:
be no cultural reference against which to measure the virtue of individual values and so cultural identity would disintegrate.
905:
4259:
3062:
Gelfand, Michele J.; Raver, Jana L.; Nishii, Lisa; Leslie, Lisa M.; Lun, Janetta; Lim, Beng Chong; et al. (2011-05-27).
2013:
812:
2229:
1702:
of that member. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that the state has established as law.
1647:
are for and what is worth working for. It encourages students to define their own values and to understand others' values."
5597:
5108:
4076:
3493:
5667:
5536:
4323:
4283:
4196:
1477:
787:
747:
712:
1159:
and independent of individual and cultural views, as well as independent of whether it is known or apprehended or not.
5876:
4969:
3955:
2078:
1036:
1333:) because they can hinder businesslike (''utilitarian'') negotiations. A series of experimental studies directed by
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4251:
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817:
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5687:
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2970:
2844:
Lamy, Pascal, WTO Director-General, Speech to the
European University Institute in Florence on 19 February 2011 (
1710:
1276:
It should not be confused with the amount of value per object, although the latter may vary too, e.g. because of
792:
5727:
5677:
5486:
4776:
4458:
3945:
3602:
3358:
1739:
1511:
1183:
1000:
943:
of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (
737:
567:
433:
67:
5911:
5871:
5807:
5471:
5118:
1805:
1790:
1755:
1743:
1294:
5093:
5005:
3935:
3536:
3488:
2103:
1750:
from parents to children. Parents in different cultures have different values. For example, parents in a
1705:
Furthermore, cultural values can be expressed at a global level through institutions participating in the
1549:
1535:
1232:
423:
31:
971:" are representatives of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior and these types include
951:), or to describe the significance of different actions. Value systems are proscriptive and prescriptive
5812:
5802:
5697:
5223:
5178:
4681:
4315:
4307:
4235:
4191:
3553:
3548:
3443:
2118:
2047:
1497:
1156:
822:
767:
512:
398:
325:
330:
1261:
biological needs, social co-ordination needs, and needs related to the welfare and survival of groups
5817:
5617:
5416:
5203:
5138:
5078:
4432:
4096:
3572:
3562:
3543:
3521:
3483:
3421:
3333:
3296:
3148:
3075:
2393:
2093:
1699:
1441:
1362:
1063:
1055:
742:
642:
173:
111:
2779:"Personal Values and Moral Foundations: Examining Relations and Joint Prediction of Moral Variables"
1751:
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5657:
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4206:
4126:
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values. It is debated whether some values that are not clearly physiologically determined, such as
807:
777:
762:
692:
667:
507:
131:
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5311:
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3416:
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3117:
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3009:
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2709:
2469:
2425:
2384:
Atran, Scott; Ginges, Jeremy (2012-05-18). "Religious and Sacred
Imperatives in Human Conflict".
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782:
652:
602:
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482:
188:
151:
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5386:
2728:
2186:
2001:, the discipline of rigorously examining and comparing value systems, enables us to understand
1650:
Cognitive moral education builds on the belief that students should learn to value things like
5466:
5431:
5381:
5336:
5256:
5233:
5228:
5103:
5030:
4719:
4709:
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4519:
4452:
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4427:
4407:
4156:
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3245:
3211:
3176:
3109:
3101:
2866:
2798:
2756:
2748:
2701:
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2647:
2620:
2614:
2565:
2547:
2461:
2417:
2409:
2331:
2289:
2207:
2182:
2143:
1726:
1378:
1358:
1111:
to cover the social, environmental and economic impacts of individual and collective actions.
1075:
867:
852:
542:
383:
57:
2641:
2203:
5822:
5496:
5491:
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5446:
5396:
5371:
5331:
5291:
5281:
5158:
5128:
5088:
4974:
4810:
4788:
4578:
4568:
4422:
4347:
4331:
4161:
4146:
4091:
3870:
3652:
3619:
3614:
3511:
3411:
3348:
3328:
3320:
3201:
3166:
3156:
3091:
3083:
3036:
3001:
2943:
2915:
2790:
2740:
2685:
2595:
2539:
2492:
2453:
2401:
2366:
2323:
2281:
2162:
1968:
lists an absolute set of values while the practice of that religion may include exceptions.
1445:
1067:
944:
862:
802:
797:
547:
537:
497:
450:
366:
158:
86:
2778:
5772:
5767:
5531:
5476:
5461:
5441:
5421:
5376:
5351:
5261:
5213:
5198:
5098:
5058:
4949:
4944:
4771:
4659:
4573:
4548:
4477:
4211:
3950:
3905:
3865:
3813:
3758:
3748:
3672:
3647:
3629:
3582:
3473:
3406:
3401:
3289:
2253:
2241:
2098:
2083:
2062:
1760:
1633:
1248:
1164:
1059:
1004:
887:
672:
517:
487:
393:
360:
303:
253:
243:
126:
62:
2845:
2308:
2178:
1501:
Correlations between Moral foundations and Schwartz's basic values with values taken from
3152:
3079:
2689:
2397:
1390:
Nevertheless, economic value may be regarded as a result of philosophical value. In the
5827:
5717:
5647:
5546:
5521:
5391:
5361:
5321:
5286:
5143:
5068:
5053:
5048:
4939:
4929:
4639:
4590:
4447:
4201:
4101:
4086:
4061:
4056:
3940:
3830:
3768:
3687:
3677:
3667:
3577:
3458:
3453:
3438:
3378:
3363:
3338:
3171:
3136:
2911:"Parental ethnotheories and how parents in America differ from parents everywhere else"
2108:
2068:
1986:
1722:
1706:
1437:
1384:
1354:
1343:
1152:
932:
707:
697:
627:
607:
592:
557:
522:
492:
477:
320:
193:
183:
121:
2327:
1329:
Protected values have been found to be play a role in protracted conflicts (e.g., the
5865:
5832:
5541:
5526:
5516:
5501:
5451:
5406:
5366:
5301:
5296:
5266:
5133:
5073:
5015:
4739:
4553:
4131:
4071:
4021:
3860:
3798:
3783:
3682:
3597:
3526:
3478:
3386:
3368:
3048:
3027:
Uz, Irem (2015). "The Index of Cultural Tightness and Looseness Among 68 Countries".
3013:
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2810:
2713:
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2009:
1747:
1714:
1695:
1667:
1663:
1644:
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1108:
1101:. However, "goodness" has many other meanings and may be regarded as more ambiguous.
1098:
637:
622:
572:
527:
355:
288:
273:
146:
136:
3121:
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2429:
1781:
showing the cultural values of the countries of the world along two dimensions: The
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5276:
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5173:
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4798:
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4702:
4688:
4612:
4412:
4355:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4151:
4121:
3855:
3728:
3662:
3657:
3592:
3448:
3433:
2343:
1290:
1236:
1051:
1047:
732:
702:
677:
350:
223:
141:
106:
101:
91:
2992:
Pelto, Pertii J. (1968). "The Differences between 'Tight' and 'Loose' Societies".
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2181:
by Arto Tukiainen. Minerva â An Internet Journal of Philosophy 15 (2011): 102â11.
1674:. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors to manifest
3239:
3195:
2584:"Common values? Fifty-Two Cases of Value Semantics Copying on Corporate Websites"
2511:
5792:
5587:
5561:
5556:
5356:
5341:
5208:
5188:
5168:
5020:
4995:
4954:
4815:
4724:
4714:
4676:
4634:
4597:
4563:
4111:
3915:
3692:
3353:
2833:
2744:
2643:
Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising
1994:
1852:
1834:
1770:
Factors that influence the development of cultural values are summarized below.
1453:
1433:
1334:
662:
657:
552:
408:
163:
5797:
5757:
5326:
5316:
5193:
5123:
5010:
4979:
4959:
4903:
4898:
4853:
4748:
4171:
4141:
4136:
4116:
4066:
3977:
3835:
3778:
3738:
3733:
3503:
3426:
2457:
1998:
1990:
1826:
1691:
1684:
1671:
1421:
1203:
1137:
1028:
992:
940:
883:
687:
632:
532:
376:
268:
233:
228:
96:
3105:
3040:
2802:
2794:
2752:
2729:"Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multimethod studies"
2697:
2413:
2167:
WPPN 01/20 Social value clauses/community benefits through public procurement
1856:
provided they bear no contradictions or situational exceptions between them.
17:
5837:
5787:
5551:
5426:
5153:
4924:
4848:
4755:
4729:
4649:
4387:
4299:
4031:
4011:
3910:
3820:
3793:
3773:
3718:
3587:
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2017:
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263:
213:
3180:
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2335:
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1235:) and intrinsic value of an object may be used when putting that object in
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1965:
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418:
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371:
278:
218:
168:
116:
5000:
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345:
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335:
248:
238:
3206:
3096:
2357:
Atran, Scott; Axelrod, Robert (July 2008). "Reframing Sacred Values".
1971:
Implicit exceptions bring about a third type of value system called a
5782:
4873:
4843:
4695:
4607:
4538:
4026:
3967:
3900:
3825:
3702:
3312:
1622:
1319:
1024:
1012:
988:
972:
948:
928:
612:
445:
388:
315:
178:
45:
4488:
3197:
Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture
2583:
2037:
of any of its members who fails to uphold the aforementioned values.
1767:. Luos of Kenya value education and pride which they call "nyadhi".
2487:
Hutson, Matthew (2017). "Why do people die fighting for a cause?".
1643:
Value clarification consists of "helping people clarify what their
1350:
when they prevent utility from being maximized across individuals.
1297:
life-stances have the highest possible intensity as an imperative.
4883:
4878:
4858:
4666:
4006:
3996:
1496:
682:
647:
3064:"Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study"
2179:
On Wittgenstein's Claim That Ethical Value Judgments Are Nonsense
1738:
Values are generally received through cultural means, especially
4868:
4046:
3962:
3808:
3803:
3763:
1617:
emphasize values which their members broadly share. Values of a
1347:
1338:
1256:, along with a number of psychology colleagues, has carried out
1050:. In addition, values have been studied in various disciplines:
1008:
956:
440:
298:
293:
258:
4492:
3285:
2513:
Protected Values and omissions Bias as Deontological Judgements
3972:
2309:"Thinking the unthinkable: sacred values and taboo cognitions"
1449:
457:
1993:, both in theory and in practice, and find themselves in an
4268:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
2530:
Baron, Jonathan; Spranca, Mark (1997). "Protected values".
1023:
Ethical issues that value may be regarded as a study under
2005:
and motivations more fully in order to resolve conflicts.
3281:
2613:
Wayne D. Hoyer; Deborah J. MacInnis; Rik Pieters (2012).
2033:
situations in determining how much should be contributed.
2169:, updated on 28 March 2022, accessed on 4 September 2024
2772:
2770:
2846:
http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/sppl_e/sppl187_e.htm
1679:
affecting the beliefs, and attitudes of the students.
5638:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
2008:
An example conflict would be a value system based on
1789:
represents the transition from industrial society to
2532:
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
2274:
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
1365:(the latter often being referred to in context with
1239:, which is a set of consistent values and measures.
1035:
may be regarded as a subgroup of a broader field of
5750:
5579:
5247:
5039:
4988:
4917:
4831:
4824:
4764:
4526:
4375:
4220:
3986:
3711:
3640:
3502:
3377:
3319:
3244:(1st ed.). Nova Science Publishers, New York.
886:. In order to explore related topics, please visit
3135:Harrington, Jesse R.; Gelfand, Michele J. (2014).
1621:can often be identified by examining the level of
1218:. An object may be both a mean and end-in-itself.
3137:"Tightnessâlooseness across the 50 united states"
2672:Sagiv, Lilach; Schwartz, Shalom H. (2022-01-04).
2863:Marketplace Lifestyles in an Age of Social Media
3141:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1046:The study of ethical value is also included in
1357:and Mark Spranca, protected values arise from
4504:
3297:
1787:survival values versus self-expression values
1721:entertainment, whatever its artistic merits.
1594:
906:
30:"Values" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
4746:
4700:
4686:
4244:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
2783:Social Psychological and Personality Science
2733:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1808:have led to similar findings. The so-called
1632:Values clarification differs from cognitive
2830:A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development
2824:
2822:
2820:
1420:that result from a clash between differing
4828:
4511:
4497:
4489:
3304:
3290:
3282:
2727:Schwartz, Shalom H.; Rubel, Tammy (2005).
2230:Inherent and Instrumental Values in Ethics
2069:Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Culture
1783:traditional versus secular-rational values
1775:InglehartâWelzel cultural map of the world
1601:
1587:
1570:InglehartâWelzel cultural map of the world
1531:
1383:Philosophical value is distinguished from
1151:(and not to be confused with mathematical
913:
899:
36:
3205:
3170:
3160:
3095:
1155:). An absolute value can be described as
2225:
2223:
1893:Conversely, a value system by itself is
1337:and Ăngel GĂłmez among combatants on the
27:Personal value, basis for ethical action
4276:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
2130:
2012:pitted against a value system based on
1880:enough to be used in all situations and
1541:
1534:
773:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
44:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2510:Baron, Jonathan; Ritov, Ilana (2009).
2265:Ritov, Ilana; Baron, Jonathan (1999).
1629:received by various groups and ideas.
1430:implicit nature of value communication
2667:
2665:
2663:
1575:Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory
1124:Personal values exist in relation to
7:
3029:Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
2267:"Protected Values and Omission Bias"
1559:
1175:Philosophic value may be split into
1097:is sometimes used synonymously with
1027:, which, in turn, may be grouped as
4292:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2967:"The WVS Cultural Map of the World"
2690:10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
1859:A value system in its own right is
1342:necessary. From the perspective of
758:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2861:, Pierre Valette-Florence (2012).
1813:egalitarian and tolerant culture.
1658:as their moral reasoning develops.
1555:High-trust and low-trust societies
1231:of instrumental (specifically the
1189:intrinsic and extrinsic properties
25:
2674:"Personal Values Across Cultures"
2619:. Cengage Learning. p. 395.
1796:Cultures can be distinguished as
1520:, with the remaining three being
1373:Economic versus philosophic value
1284:Instrumental value conditionality
1278:instrumental value conditionality
5708:The Closing of the American Mind
5628:Civilization and Its Discontents
5608:A Vindication of Natural Society
4473:
4472:
3269:
2965:Ronald Inglehart; Chris Welzel.
2566:Causes of Disputes and Conflicts
2519:. Elsevier Inc. pp. 134â35.
2371:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00182.x
2074:Instrumental and intrinsic value
2065:and his value orientation theory
2909:Day, Nicholas (10 April 2013).
2646:. SAGE Publishers. p. 40.
1874:its exceptions are or could be
1829:values used for the purpose of
987:(religious, political) values,
4260:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
3630:Value monism â Value pluralism
2937:Day, Nicholas (9 April 2013).
2865:. New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
2202:. Palgrave Macmillan. p.
2200:Wittgenstein's Ethical Thought
813:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
1:
5598:Oration on the Dignity of Man
2328:10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00135-9
1754:society or surviving through
5668:The Society of the Spectacle
4324:On the Genealogy of Morality
4284:Critique of Practical Reason
2316:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
1734:Development and transmission
1478:Theory of Basic Human Values
1361:as described in theories of
1331:Israeli-Palestinian conflict
1003:, and whether some, such as
788:On the Genealogy of Morality
748:Critique of Practical Reason
2745:10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.1010
2678:Annual Review of Psychology
2307:Tetlock, Philip E. (2003).
2079:Intercultural communication
1518:individualizing foundations
1301:Positive and negative value
1144:, which can also be termed
5928:
4252:A Treatise of Human Nature
2939:"Give Your Baby a Machete"
2242:Schwartz & Bilsky 1987
2138:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2023).
1509:
1475:
1400:personal philosophic value
1396:personal philosophic value
1392:subjective theory of value
1376:
1246:
1007:, should be classified as
818:A Treatise of Human Nature
29:
5846:
5738:Intellectuals and Society
5688:The Culture of Narcissism
4468:
2640:Marieke de Mooij (2004).
2458:10.1038/s41562-017-0193-3
1107:is a concept used in the
1039:sometimes referred to as
793:The Philosophy of Freedom
5728:The Malaise of Modernity
5678:The History of Sexuality
4777:Catholic social teaching
3603:Universal prescriptivism
3200:. Open Book Publishers.
3041:10.1177/0022022114563611
2795:10.1177/1948550620933434
2588:Human Systems Management
2198:Yaniv Iczkovits (2012).
1512:Moral foundations theory
1506:Moral foundations theory
1157:philosophically absolute
1120:Personal versus cultural
5882:Concepts in metaphysics
5808:Philosophy of education
3392:Artificial intelligence
3162:10.1073/pnas.1317937111
3088:10.1126/science.1197754
2828:Santrock, J.W. (2007).
2777:Feldman, Gilad (2021).
2497:10.1126/science.aap8780
2406:10.1126/science.1216902
1895:internally inconsistent
1806:evolutionary psychology
1791:post-industrial society
1756:subsistence agriculture
1700:non-conforming behavior
1442:sense of accomplishment
1346:, protected values are
4747:
4701:
4687:
2582:Roth, Steffen (2013).
2544:10.1006/obhd.1997.2690
2446:Nature Human Behaviour
2286:10.1006/obhd.1999.2839
2104:The Right and the Good
2020:and often convoluted.
1997:or physical conflict.
1550:Cross-cultural studies
1536:Cross-cultural studies
1502:
1472:Individual differences
1233:all instrumental value
1171:Intrinsic or extrinsic
939:denotes the degree of
32:Value (disambiguation)
5813:Philosophy of history
5803:Philosophy of culture
5698:A Conflict of Visions
4316:The Methods of Ethics
3554:Divine command theory
3549:Ideal observer theory
2969:. WVS. Archived from
2570:Beyond Intractability
2048:Attitude (psychology)
1861:internally consistent
1777:is a two-dimensional
1662:Values relate to the
1500:
1377:Further information:
399:Social responsibility
326:Intellectual humility
5818:Political philosophy
5618:Democracy in America
4433:Political philosophy
3278:at Wikimedia Commons
2094:Rokeach Value Survey
1462:being well respected
1363:deontological ethics
1133:Relative or absolute
1064:corporate governance
1056:behavioral economics
743:Beyond Good and Evil
5658:One-Dimensional Man
4403:Evolutionary ethics
4364:Reasons and Persons
4340:A Theory of Justice
3494:Uncertain sentience
3194:Fog, Agner (2017).
3153:2014PNAS..111.7990H
3080:2011Sci...332.1100G
3074:(6033): 1100â1104.
2973:on October 19, 2013
2564:Maiese, Michelle. "
2398:2012Sci...336..855A
2359:Negotiation Journal
2114:World Values Survey
1908:its exceptions are
1565:World Values Survey
1522:binding foundations
1161:Ludwig Wittgenstein
808:A Theory of Justice
778:The Moral Landscape
40:Part of a series on
5877:Concepts in ethics
5778:Cultural pessimism
5773:Cultural criticism
4672:National character
4398:Ethics in religion
4393:Descriptive ethics
4228:Nicomachean Ethics
3006:10.1007/bf03180447
2600:10.3233/HSM-130801
2053:Axiological ethics
1664:norms of a culture
1503:
1458:sense of belonging
1438:warm relationships
1325:tragic trade-offs.
1200:instrumental value
1178:instrumental value
1072:political sciences
848:Ethics in religion
783:Nicomachean Ethics
5907:Social psychology
5902:Social philosophy
5859:
5858:
5575:
5574:
4720:Spontaneous order
4710:Social alienation
4559:Cultural heritage
4520:Social philosophy
4486:
4485:
4453:Social philosophy
4438:Population ethics
4428:Philosophy of law
4408:History of ethics
3891:Political freedom
3568:Euthyphro dilemma
3359:Suffering-focused
3274:Media related to
3217:978-1-78374-403-9
3207:10.11647/OBP.0128
3147:(22): 7990â7995.
2872:978-0-7656-2561-8
2653:978-0-7619-2669-6
2626:978-1-285-40286-4
2616:Consumer Behavior
2232:by Stanley Riukas
2140:Mindsponge Theory
1869:do not contradict
1727:international law
1611:
1610:
1450:fun and enjoyment
1379:Value (economics)
1227:these cases, the
1214:may be termed an
1202:may be termed an
1076:social psychology
1037:philosophic value
923:
922:
868:Social philosophy
853:History of ethics
738:Animal Liberation
568:Suffering-focused
16:(Redirected from
5919:
5892:Moral psychology
5887:Codes of conduct
5823:Social criticism
5743:
5733:
5723:
5713:
5703:
5693:
5683:
5673:
5663:
5653:
5643:
5633:
5623:
5613:
5603:
5593:
4829:
4811:Frankfurt School
4789:Communitarianism
4752:
4706:
4692:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4490:
4476:
4475:
4423:Moral psychology
4368:
4360:
4352:
4348:Practical Ethics
4344:
4336:
4332:Principia Ethica
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4240:
4236:Ethics (Spinoza)
4232:
3871:Moral imperative
3329:Consequentialism
3306:
3299:
3292:
3283:
3273:
3255:
3222:
3221:
3209:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3164:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3099:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2906:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2855:
2849:
2842:
2836:
2832:. New York, NY:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2774:
2765:
2764:
2739:(6): 1010â1028.
2724:
2718:
2717:
2669:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2392:(6083): 855â57.
2381:
2375:
2374:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2195:
2189:
2176:
2170:
2163:Welsh Government
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
1929:Value exceptions
1715:globalized world
1687:they belong to.
1603:
1596:
1589:
1532:
1446:self-fulfillment
1243:Universal values
1184:intrinsic values
1090:Similar concepts
1068:moral philosophy
945:normative ethics
915:
908:
901:
863:Moral psychology
803:Principia Ethica
798:Practical Ethics
768:Ethics (Spinoza)
367:Moral imperative
331:Isâought problem
184:Transcognitivism
48:
37:
21:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5842:
5768:Critical theory
5746:
5741:
5731:
5721:
5711:
5701:
5691:
5681:
5671:
5661:
5651:
5641:
5631:
5621:
5611:
5601:
5591:
5571:
5249:
5243:
5041:
5035:
4984:
4913:
4820:
4772:Budapest School
4760:
4549:Cosmopolitanism
4522:
4517:
4487:
4482:
4464:
4371:
4366:
4358:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4326:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4216:
3989:
3982:
3906:Self-discipline
3866:Moral hierarchy
3814:Problem of evil
3759:Double standard
3749:Culture of life
3707:
3636:
3583:Non-cognitivism
3498:
3373:
3315:
3310:
3266:
3252:
3234:
3231:
3229:Further reading
3226:
3225:
3218:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3026:
3025:
3021:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2839:
2827:
2818:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2654:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2177:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2099:Spiral Dynamics
2084:Meaning of life
2063:Clyde Kluckhohn
2044:
2029:in the society.
1982:
1931:
1918:inconsistently
1846:
1819:
1810:regality theory
1798:tight and loose
1761:Kipsigis people
1752:hunterâgatherer
1736:
1634:moral education
1607:
1560:Cultural values
1530:
1528:Cultural values
1514:
1508:
1480:
1474:
1409:
1407:Personal values
1381:
1375:
1316:protected value
1312:
1310:Protected value
1303:
1267:
1251:
1249:Universal value
1245:
1224:
1212:intrinsic value
1173:
1142:absolute values
1135:
1122:
1117:
1092:
1060:business ethics
1021:
1019:Fields of study
1005:acquisitiveness
933:social sciences
919:
873:
872:
838:
837:
828:
827:
728:
727:
718:
717:
588:
587:
578:
577:
473:
472:
463:
462:
394:Self-discipline
361:Moral hierarchy
304:Problem of evil
254:Double standard
244:Culture of life
209:
208:
199:
198:
127:Non-cognitivism
82:
81:
72:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5925:
5923:
5915:
5914:
5912:Social systems
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5872:Value (ethics)
5864:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Social science
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5724:
5718:Gender Trouble
5714:
5704:
5694:
5684:
5674:
5664:
5654:
5648:The Second Sex
5644:
5634:
5624:
5614:
5604:
5594:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4698:
4693:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:Invisible hand
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4493:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4450:
4448:Secular ethics
4445:
4443:Rehabilitation
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4308:Utilitarianism
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Existentialist
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Constructivism
3560:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3537:Non-naturalism
3534:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3364:Utilitarianism
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3276:Value (ethics)
3265:
3264:External links
3262:
3261:
3260:
3251:978-1629488998
3250:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3186:
3127:
3054:
3019:
2984:
2957:
2929:
2888:
2878:
2871:
2850:
2837:
2816:
2789:(5): 676â686.
2766:
2719:
2659:
2652:
2632:
2625:
2605:
2574:
2557:
2522:
2502:
2479:
2452:(9): 673â679.
2435:
2376:
2365:(3): 221â246.
2349:
2299:
2257:
2246:
2234:
2219:
2212:
2190:
2171:
2155:
2148:
2142:. De Gruyter.
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2119:Western values
2116:
2111:
2109:Value judgment
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
1981:
1978:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1905:each other and
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1871:each other and
1845:
1842:
1818:
1815:
1735:
1732:
1707:global economy
1660:
1659:
1648:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1510:Main article:
1507:
1504:
1476:Main article:
1473:
1470:
1408:
1405:
1385:economic value
1374:
1371:
1355:Jonathan Baron
1344:utilitarianism
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1266:
1263:
1254:S. H. Schwartz
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1223:
1220:
1172:
1169:
1153:absolute value
1134:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Types of value
1113:
1091:
1088:
1020:
1017:
921:
920:
918:
917:
910:
903:
895:
892:
891:
875:
874:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
839:
835:
834:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
823:Utilitarianism
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
763:Ethics (Moore)
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
725:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
585:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
513:Existentialist
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
474:
470:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
454:
453:
443:
438:
437:
436:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
380:
379:
369:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
210:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
194:Utilitarianism
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
155:
154:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
71:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5924:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5833:Social theory
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5650:
5649:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:Radhakrishnan
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:20th and 21st
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5040:18th and 19th
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4330:
4325:
4322:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4261:
4258:
4253:
4250:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3861:Moral courage
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:Good and evil
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Family values
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:Quasi-realism
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:Environmental
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Particularism
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3035:(6): 319â35.
3034:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2985:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:Lynn R. Kahle
2854:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2594:(4): 249â65.
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:(7): 320â24.
2321:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2280:(2): 89, 90.
2279:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:Schwartz 1994
2250:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:9781137026354
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2149:9788367405140
2145:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:individualism
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1886:
1883:consistently
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:socialization
1745:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1367:Immanuel Kant
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:According to
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1237:value systems
1234:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1216:end-in-itself
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1109:public sector
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:Ethical value
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:ethical value
1031:. Similarly,
1030:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
896:
894:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
832:
831:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
722:
721:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
582:
581:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
467:
466:
459:
456:
452:
449:
448:
447:
444:
442:
439:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
368:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:Moral courage
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
290:
289:Good and evil
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Family values
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
203:
202:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:Perspectivism
135:
133:
132:Particularism
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
84:
76:
75:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
53:
52:
49:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Ethic valuing
5736:
5726:
5716:
5706:
5696:
5686:
5676:
5666:
5656:
5646:
5636:
5626:
5616:
5606:
5596:
5586:
5006:Guicciardini
4989:Early modern
4825:Philosophers
4799:Conservatism
4794:Confucianism
4782:Distributism
4734:
4715:Social norms
4703:Sittlichkeit
4689:Ressentiment
4635:Institutions
4613:Human nature
4457:
4413:Human rights
4356:After Virtue
4082:Schopenhauer
3856:Moral agency
3729:Common sense
3625:Universalism
3593:Expressivism
3573:Intuitionism
3544:Subjectivism
3489:Terraforming
3464:Professional
3240:
3236:Tausch, Arno
3196:
3189:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3000:(5): 37â40.
2997:
2994:Trans-Action
2993:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2971:the original
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2942:
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2914:
2881:
2862:
2853:
2840:
2829:
2786:
2782:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2681:
2677:
2642:
2635:
2615:
2608:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2569:
2560:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2505:
2488:
2482:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2277:
2273:
2260:
2249:
2237:
2199:
2193:
2174:
2158:
2139:
2133:
2025:individuals.
2014:collectivism
2007:
1983:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1919:
1912:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1825:is a set of
1823:value system
1822:
1820:
1817:Value system
1803:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1779:cultural map
1772:
1769:
1764:
1744:transmission
1737:
1719:
1704:
1696:stigmatizing
1689:
1681:
1668:good or evil
1661:
1631:
1612:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1434:self respect
1429:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1389:
1382:
1352:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1291:life stances
1288:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1225:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1123:
1105:Social value
1104:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1052:anthropology
1048:value theory
1045:
1032:
1022:
991:values, and
961:
936:
926:
924:
733:After Virtue
693:Schopenhauer
508:Evolutionary
428:
351:Moral agency
224:Common sense
189:Universalism
174:Subjectivism
152:Anti-realism
142:Projectivism
112:Intuitionism
107:Error theory
102:Epicureanism
92:Confucianism
5793:Historicism
5622:(1835â1840)
5588:De Officiis
5312:de Beauvoir
5282:Baudrillard
5234:Vivekananda
5224:Tocqueville
5139:Kierkegaard
4955:Ibn Khaldun
4925:Alpharabius
4816:Personalism
4725:Stewardship
4682:Reification
4677:Natural law
4598:Familialism
4564:Culturalism
4231:(c. 322 BC)
4097:Kierkegaard
3916:Stewardship
3693:Rousseauian
3610:Rationalism
3522:Cognitivism
3469:Programming
3444:Meat eating
3417:Engineering
2834:McGraw-Hill
2684:: 517â546.
2538:(1): 1â16.
1995:ideological
1951:absolutists
1938:Situational
1913:situational
1901:its values
1867:its values
1851:externally
1844:Consistency
1835:ideological
1804:Studies in
1685:subcultures
1613:Individual
1422:world views
1335:Scott Atran
1165:its meaning
985:ideological
643:Kierkegaard
563:Situational
503:Descriptive
483:Axiological
409:Stewardship
164:Rousseauism
5897:Motivation
5866:Categories
5798:Humanities
5758:Agnotology
5417:KoĆakowski
4980:Ibn Tufayl
4960:Maimonides
4904:Thucydides
4899:Tertullian
4854:Lactantius
4749:Volksgeist
4730:Traditions
4544:Convention
4127:Bonhoeffer
3836:Immorality
3779:Eudaimonia
3739:Conscience
3734:Compassion
3620:Skepticism
3615:Relativism
3532:Naturalism
3512:Absolutism
3484:Technology
3334:Deontology
3097:1813/75456
2125:References
1999:Ethonomics
1903:contradict
1853:consistent
1827:consistent
1692:conformity
1672:patriotism
1454:excitement
1295:Maximizing
1208:ethic good
1204:ethic mean
1196:ethic good
1029:philosophy
941:importance
888:navigation
884:philosophy
878:This is a
543:Population
377:Immorality
269:Eudaimonia
234:Conscience
229:Compassion
159:Relativism
97:Deontology
87:Absolutism
5838:Sociology
5788:Historism
5497:Santayana
5467:Oakeshott
5437:MacIntyre
5422:Kropotkin
5397:Heidegger
5250:centuries
5164:Nietzsche
5129:Jefferson
5114:Helvétius
5079:Condorcet
5042:centuries
5026:Montaigne
4849:Confucius
4839:Augustine
4756:Worldview
4650:Modernity
4623:Formation
4388:Casuistry
4300:Either/Or
4207:Korsgaard
4202:Azurmendi
4167:MacIntyre
4107:Nietzsche
4037:Augustine
4032:Confucius
4012:Aristotle
3988:Ethicists
3946:Intrinsic
3911:Suffering
3821:Happiness
3794:Free will
3774:Etiquette
3719:Authority
3663:Epicurean
3658:Confucian
3653:Christian
3588:Emotivism
3412:Discourse
3349:Pragmatic
3321:Normative
3106:0036-8075
3049:145210465
3014:143669887
2977:6 October
2811:225402232
2803:1948-5506
2753:1939-1315
2714:239034063
2698:1545-2085
2414:0036-8075
2187:1393-614X
2018:recursive
1946:idealized
1838:integrity
1740:diffusion
1652:democracy
1418:conflicts
1271:intensity
1265:Intensity
1258:empirical
1222:Summation
1206:, and an
1080:sociology
1001:intrinsic
993:aesthetic
981:doctrinal
880:subseries
843:Casuistry
753:Either/Or
668:Nietzsche
653:MacIntyre
618:Confucius
603:Augustine
598:Aristotle
586:Ethicists
548:Pragmatic
538:Normative
498:Christian
434:Intrinsic
404:Suffering
311:Happiness
284:Free will
264:Etiquette
214:Authority
5851:Category
5763:Axiology
5751:See also
5542:Voegelin
5532:Spengler
5507:Shariati
5462:Nussbaum
5447:Maritain
5407:Irigaray
5387:Habermas
5352:Foucault
5337:Durkheim
5239:Voltaire
5204:de Staël
5179:Rousseau
5104:Franklin
4965:Muhammad
4950:Gelasius
4935:Avempace
4918:Medieval
4894:Polybius
4889:Plutarch
4655:Morality
4630:Ideology
4618:Identity
4527:Concepts
4478:Category
4418:Ideology
4383:Axiology
4212:Nussbaum
4162:Frankena
4157:Anscombe
4147:Williams
4102:Sidgwick
4022:Valluvar
4017:Diogenes
4002:Socrates
3926:Theodicy
3921:Sympathy
3886:Pacifism
3876:Morality
3789:Fidelity
3769:Equality
3724:Autonomy
3712:Concepts
3673:Feminist
3648:Buddhist
3578:Nihilism
3517:Axiology
3474:Research
3407:Computer
3402:Business
3238:(2015).
3181:24843116
3122:18083852
3114:21617077
2950:19 April
2922:19 April
2761:16393031
2706:34665670
2474:46825422
2466:31024146
2430:22656530
2422:22605762
2336:12860191
2294:10433898
2244:, p. 550
2058:Axiology
2042:See also
2003:politics
1980:Conflict
1966:religion
1958:realized
1934:Abstract
1878:abstract
1711:identity
1615:cultures
1494:fathers.
1466:security
1289:In many
1147:noumenal
1138:Relative
1126:cultural
1099:goodness
1084:theology
1041:axiology
997:altruism
979:values,
959:sense).
858:Ideology
698:Sidgwick
673:Nussbaum
518:Feminist
488:Buddhist
451:Cardinal
419:Theodicy
414:Sympathy
372:Morality
279:Fidelity
219:Autonomy
207:Concepts
169:Stoicism
122:Nihilism
117:Moralism
63:Category
5592:(44 BC)
5522:Sombart
5517:Skinner
5502:Scruton
5482:Polanyi
5457:Niebuhr
5442:Marcuse
5377:Gramsci
5372:Gentile
5332:Du Bois
5322:Deleuze
5292:Benoist
5262:Agamben
5219:Thoreau
5209:Stirner
5199:Spencer
5149:Le Play
5099:Fourier
5084:Emerson
5069:Carlyle
5054:Bentham
5031:MĂŒntzer
5001:Erasmus
4975:Plethon
4970:Photios
4930:Aquinas
4864:Mencius
4832:Ancient
4765:Schools
4645:Loyalty
4603:History
4591:Counter
4586:Culture
4554:Customs
4376:Related
4122:Tillich
4087:Bentham
4062:Spinoza
4057:Aquinas
4042:Mencius
3956:Western
3931:Torture
3896:Precept
3851:Loyalty
3846:Liberty
3841:Justice
3754:Dignity
3744:Consent
3688:Kantian
3678:Islamic
3641:Schools
3527:Realism
3459:Nursing
3454:Medical
3439:Machine
3379:Applied
3172:4050535
3149:Bibcode
3076:Bibcode
3068:Science
2552:9236161
2489:Science
2394:Bibcode
2386:Science
2344:8532142
2089:Paideia
1920:applied
1911:highly
1885:applied
1831:ethical
1676:respect
1656:justice
1638:Respect
1627:respect
1619:society
1013:virtues
973:ethical
969:dignity
965:respect
953:beliefs
836:Related
708:Spinoza
608:Bentham
593:Aquinas
558:Secular
523:Islamic
478:Applied
471:Domains
446:Virtues
346:Loyalty
341:Liberty
336:Justice
249:Dignity
239:Consent
147:Realism
80:Schools
58:Outline
5783:Ethics
5742:(2010)
5732:(1991)
5722:(1990)
5712:(1987)
5702:(1987)
5692:(1979)
5682:(1976)
5672:(1967)
5662:(1964)
5652:(1949)
5642:(1935)
5632:(1930)
5612:(1756)
5602:(1486)
5547:Walzer
5537:Taylor
5527:Sowell
5512:Simmel
5477:Pareto
5472:Ortega
5382:Guénon
5367:Gehlen
5362:Gandhi
5317:Debord
5302:Butler
5297:Berlin
5287:Bauman
5277:Badiou
5267:Arendt
5257:Adorno
5189:Ruskin
5144:Le Bon
5119:Herder
5094:Fichte
5089:Engels
5059:Bonald
5049:Arnold
5021:Milton
5016:Luther
4996:Calvin
4874:Origen
4844:Cicero
4804:Social
4740:Family
4735:Values
4696:Rights
4660:Public
4608:Honour
4539:Anomie
4534:Agency
4367:(1984)
4359:(1981)
4351:(1979)
4343:(1971)
4335:(1903)
4327:(1887)
4319:(1874)
4311:(1861)
4303:(1843)
4295:(1820)
4287:(1788)
4279:(1785)
4271:(1780)
4263:(1759)
4255:(1740)
4247:(1726)
4239:(1677)
4197:Taylor
4182:Parfit
4177:Singer
4152:Mackie
4027:Cicero
3968:Virtue
3901:Rights
3826:Honour
3683:Jewish
3479:Sexual
3387:Animal
3369:Virtue
3313:Ethics
3248:
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3179:
3169:
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2886:64â74.
2869:
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2185:
2146:
1973:formal
1542:Topics
1464:, and
1394:, the
1348:biases
1320:sacred
1318:(also
1149:values
1025:ethics
999:, are
989:social
949:ethics
929:ethics
713:Taylor
703:Singer
678:Parfit
658:Mackie
613:Cicero
573:Virtue
528:Jewish
429:Values
389:Rights
365:
316:Honour
179:Taoism
47:Ethics
5580:Works
5567:ĆœiĆŸek
5552:Weber
5492:Röpke
5452:Negri
5432:Lasch
5402:Hoppe
5357:Fromm
5347:Evola
5327:Dewey
5307:Camus
5214:Taine
5194:Smith
5184:Royce
5174:Renan
5109:Hegel
5074:Comte
5064:Burke
5011:Locke
4945:Dante
4940:Bruni
4909:Xunzi
4884:Plato
4879:Philo
4859:Laozi
4667:Mores
4579:Multi
4569:Inter
4459:Index
4221:Works
4192:Adams
4187:Nagel
4142:Dewey
4137:Rawls
4117:Barth
4112:Moore
4077:Hegel
4052:Xunzi
4007:Plato
3997:Laozi
3978:Wrong
3951:Japan
3941:Value
3936:Trust
3831:Ideal
3698:Stoic
3449:Media
3434:Legal
3118:S2CID
3045:S2CID
3010:S2CID
2944:Slate
2916:Slate
2807:S2CID
2710:S2CID
2517:(PDF)
2470:S2CID
2426:S2CID
2340:S2CID
2312:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
1991:wrong
1987:right
1863:when
1765:ng'om
1713:in a
1645:lives
1623:honor
1359:norms
1210:with
1198:with
1009:vices
977:moral
937:value
726:Works
688:Rawls
683:Plato
663:Moore
648:Laozi
628:Hegel
441:Vices
424:Trust
384:Norms
321:Ideal
68:Index
5562:Zinn
5557:Weil
5427:Land
5412:Kirk
5272:Aron
5229:Vico
5169:Owen
5159:Mill
5154:Marx
5134:Kant
5124:Hume
4869:Mozi
4574:Mono
4172:Hare
4132:Foot
4092:Mill
4072:Kant
4067:Hume
4047:Mozi
3963:Vice
3881:Norm
3809:Evil
3804:Good
3764:Duty
3504:Meta
3427:Land
3354:Role
3339:Care
3256:see
3246:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3177:PMID
3110:PMID
3102:ISSN
2979:2014
2952:2013
2924:2013
2867:ISBN
2799:ISSN
2757:PMID
2749:ISSN
2702:PMID
2694:ISSN
2648:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2548:PMID
2462:PMID
2418:PMID
2410:ISSN
2332:PMID
2290:PMID
2208:ISBN
2183:ISSN
2144:ISBN
1897:if:
1773:The
1742:and
1698:the
1654:and
1625:and
1339:ISIS
1269:The
1181:and
1082:and
967:and
957:noun
931:and
638:Kant
633:Hume
623:Foot
553:Role
533:Meta
493:Care
299:Evil
294:Good
259:Duty
5392:Han
5342:Eco
3973:Vow
3703:Tao
3397:Bio
3202:doi
3167:PMC
3157:doi
3145:111
3092:hdl
3084:doi
3072:332
3037:doi
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2791:doi
2741:doi
2686:doi
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2540:doi
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2367:doi
2324:doi
2282:doi
1989:or
1944:An
1915:and
1833:or
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