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surrounded by four envelopes. The two inner ones are derived from the inner and outer chloroplast envelopes of the primary plastid of the alga that was taken up during the symbiotic event. The two outermost are derived from the plasma membrane of the alga (third) and the phagosome of the host (fourth).
362:
The plastids contain three membranes. These membranes are an evolutionary vestige of the secondary endosymbiotic event that occurred between a phagotrophic eukaryovorous euglenid and a
Pyramimonas-related green alga. The plastids of Euglena are unusual since most secondary plastids are
325:
The morphology is characterized by a spindle-shaped cell with a length ranging from 40 to 150 micrometers. The cell contains a pellicle which is a flexible outer covering made up of proteinaceous strips called pellicular strips. This pellicle provides shape and structure to the cell. The movement of
244:
was discovered as an effective bioindicator for phenol pollution in freshwater ecosystems and drainage. Their brief generating duration and particular biological reactions make it optimal for measuring phenol concentrations in the natural environment. The reported morphological abnormalities and
334:
contains a light-sensitive eyespot, or stigma, which enables it to exhibit phototaxis by moving towards light sources for photosynthesis. The cell also possesses a contractile vacuole responsible for osmoregulation, helping maintain proper water balance within the cell.
33:
375:
production due to their high lipid content. Its lipids may be suitable for biodiesel production due to their saturation, such as fatty acyl-CoA reductase and wax synthase. These ratios vary on environmental and cultivation conditions.
350:, serving as a reserve carbohydrate for energy storage. Structurally, paramylon is a linear β-1,3-glucan, distinct from the storage polysaccharide starch of plants and some species of
628:
O'Neill, Ellis C.; Trick, Martin; Hill, Lionel; Rejzek, Martin; Dusi, Renata G.; Hamilton, Christopher J.; Zimba, Paul V.; Henrissat, Bernard; Field, Robert A. (2015).
203:. It has a highly flexible cell surface, allowing it to change shape from a thin cell up to 100 ÎĽm long to a sphere of approximately 20 ÎĽm. Each cell has two
330:
is primarily achieved by its flagellum that emerges from a flagellar pocket. It has forward and backwards movement, as well as changes in its direction. Additionally,
249:
as a bioindicator can determine the level of phenol exposure in marine ecosystems and adopt appropriate mitigation actions to protect water quality and biodiversity.
982:
1021:
563:
Montegut-Felkner, Ann E.; Triemer, Richard E. (1997). "Phylogenetic
Relationships of Selected Euglenoid Genera Based on Morphological and Molecular Data".
956:
995:
690:
419:: Evolutionary conservation of core proteins and structural predictions for methylation-guide box C/D snoRNPs throughout the domain Eucarya"
508:
Lukáčová, Alexandra; Lihanová, Diana; Beck, Terézia; Alberty, Roman; Vešelényiová, Dominika; Krajčovič, Juraj; Vesteg, Matej (2023-08-12).
781:
1057:
1090:
1008:
1000:
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873:
245:
unusual cell division reveal important information about the biological impacts of phenol on marine organisms. Using
1026:
234:, and the relationship of molecular structure to the biological function of subcellular particles, among others.
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45:
885:
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143:
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reveals unexpected metabolic capabilities for carbohydrate and natural product biochemistry"
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543:
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714:
Gissibl, Alexander; Sun, Angela; Care, Andrew; Nevalainen, Helena; Sunna, Anwar (2019).
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57:
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and Its
Industrial Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals: A Review"
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468:"Euglena: An Experimental Organism for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies"
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1049:
868:
902:
530:
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212:
208:
207:, only one of which emerges from the flagellar pocket (reservoir) in the
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510:"The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of
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Barsanti, Laura; Gualtieri, Paolo (2020-01-01), Konur, Ozcan (ed.),
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351:
178:
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883:
415:"Unusual features of fibrillarin cDNA and gene structure in
413:
Russell, A. G.; Watanabe, Y; Charette, JM; Gray, MW (2005).
223:, particularly for studying cell biology and biochemistry.
809:
Harada R, Nomura T, Yamada K, Mochida K, Suzuki K (2020).
286:
to both, although a later molecular analysis showed that
211:
of the cell, and can move by swimming, or by so-called
472:
JAMA: The
Journal of the American Medical Association
309:
has many unclassified genes which can make complex
892:
683:Handbook of Algal Science, Technology and Medicine
219:has been used extensively in the laboratory as a
371:Microalgae are considered a possible source for
238:is the most studied member of the Euglenaceae.
392:to produce a flour used to manufacture various
819:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
724:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
8:
346:is a unique storage polysaccharide found in
294:than to certain other species recognized as
226:Other areas of their use include studies of
267:A morphological and molecular study of the
880:
31:
20:
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830:
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358:The origin of the middle plastid membrane
16:Species of single-celled Eukaryote algae
405:
709:
707:
7:
1037:8c6c7f31-5f59-4194-80ea-d127c964bd9f
811:"Genetic Engineering Strategies for
786:s Middle Plastid Envelope Membrane"
466:Wacker, Warren E. C. (1962-09-29).
685:, Academic Press, pp. 61–70,
275:in close kinship with the species
14:
867:
585:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00512.x
484:10.1001/jama.1962.03050390052015
44:
782:"On the Inside: The Origins of
609:. ScienceDaily. August 14, 2015
780:Minorsky, Peter (2020-12-10).
1:
720:: Synthesis and Applications"
290:was more closely related to
607:"The potential in your pond"
305:was sequenced, showing that
174:is a freshwater species of
1107:
396:-rich, non-animal foods.
149:
142:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
832:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00790
737:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00108
675:"Chapter 4 - Anatomy of
630:"The transcriptome of
423:Nucleic Acids Research
390:genetically engineered
264:
301:The transcriptome of
281:Peranema trichophorum
260:
1091:Morphology (biology)
876:at Wikimedia Commons
638:Molecular BioSystems
565:Journal of Phycology
531:10.3390/life13081734
524:(8). MDPI AG: 1734.
213:"euglenoid" movement
577:1997JPcgy..33..512M
187:. It has secondary
1086:Euglenozoa species
716:"Bioproducts From
651:10.1039/C5MB00319A
435:10.1093/nar/gki574
277:Khawkinea quartana
265:
1073:
1072:
886:Taxon identifiers
872:Media related to
784:Euglena gracilis'
692:978-0-12-818305-2
215:across surfaces.
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386:Euglena gracilis
348:Euglena gracilis
315:natural products
262:Euglena gracilis
236:Euglena gracilis
195:able to feed by
171:Euglena gracilis
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153:Euglena gracilis
135:E. gracilis
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25:Euglena gracilis
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181:in the genus
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144:Binomial name
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613:December 14,
611:. Retrieved
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571:(3): 512–9.
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189:chloroplasts
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970:iNaturalist
332:E. gracilis
328:E. gracilis
307:E. gracilis
303:E. gracilis
288:E. gracilis
273:E. gracilis
247:E. gracilis
242:E. gracilis
217:E. gracilis
191:, and is a
111:Euglenaceae
1080:Categories
795:2023-12-15
698:2023-12-15
400:References
321:Morphology
269:Euglenozoa
101:Euglenales
68:Euglenozoa
918:AlgaeBase
746:2296-4185
540:2075-1729
492:0098-7484
373:biodiesel
344:Paramylon
193:mixotroph
129:Species:
78:Euglenida
58:Eukaryota
988:11225822
903:Wikidata
851:32760709
764:31157220
660:26289754
593:83579360
549:10455851
453:15894796
367:Biofuels
253:Taxonomy
209:anterior
205:flagella
107:Family:
64:Phylum:
54:Domain:
962:7465722
909:Q309852
842:7371780
825:: 790.
790:Plantae
755:6530250
573:Bibcode
444:1126904
394:protein
380:As food
296:Euglena
279:, with
184:Euglena
122:Euglena
117:Genus:
97:Order:
74:Class:
1063:163460
1050:192709
1034:NZOR:
975:506181
949:EUGLGR
936:918864
849:
839:
762:
752:
744:
689:
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591:
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538:
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451:
441:
162:, 1883
1058:WoRMS
983:IRMNG
923:30510
589:S2CID
284:basal
160:Klebs
85:Clade
1027:3039
1022:NCBI
1001:9655
996:ITIS
957:GBIF
944:EPPO
847:PMID
760:PMID
742:ISSN
687:ISBN
656:PMID
615:2023
536:ISSN
518:Life
488:ISSN
449:PMID
352:alga
326:the
313:and
271:put
179:alga
1009:NBN
931:EoL
837:PMC
827:doi
750:PMC
732:doi
646:doi
581:doi
544:PMC
526:doi
480:doi
476:181
439:PMC
431:doi
388:is
298:.
199:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
