European emission standards

5341:, and comprise gradually stringent tiers known as Stage I–V standards. The Stage I/II was part of the 1997 directive (Directive 97/68/EC). It was implemented in two stages, with Stage I implemented in 1999 and Stage II implemented between 2001 and 2004. In 2004, the European Parliament adopted Stage III/IV standards. The Stage III standards were further divided into Stage III A and III B, and were phased in between 2006 and 2013. Stage IV standards are enforced from 2014. Stage V standards are phased in from 2018 with full enforcement from 2021. 5427: 5518: 5913: 5359: 268: 5766: 1534:

introduction of the Euro III emissions standard in 2006 that motorcycles were de facto required to use three-way catalytic converters. With the introduction of Euro V, standard two-stroke engine motorcycles are challenged by the strict HC and PM emissions limits. It is expected that technologies such as direct injection, combined with petrol particulate filters, could be needed for these motorcycle engine types to meet the Euro V demands.

45: 33: 236:. Non-compliant vehicles cannot be sold in the EU, but new standards do not apply to vehicles already on the roads. No use of specific technologies is mandated to meet the standards, though available technology is considered when setting the standards. New models introduced must meet current or planned standards, but minor lifecycle model revisions may continue to be offered with pre-compliant engines. 4979: 4366: 101: 8701:[Law 1972 of 2019 – through which the protection of the rights to health and a healthy environment is established establishing measures to reduce polluting emissions from mobile sources and other provisions are issued] (in Spanish). Colombia: Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development. 18 July 2019 5807:

To account for different sizes of passenger cars, the specific emissions target for each passenger car is calculated by adjusting the general emissions target by a value proportional to the deviation of the car's mass from the average. This means that the emissions targets for heavier cars are higher

5794:

emission performance standards for new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles for 2025 and 2030. The new Regulation went into force on 1 January 2020, and has replaced and repealed Regulation (EC) 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011. The 2019 Regulation set new emission targets relative to a 2021

5943:

Many EU member states have responded to this problem by exploring the possibility of including electric vehicle-related infrastructure into their existing road traffic system, with some even having begun implementation. The UK has begun its "plugged-in-places" scheme which sees funding go to several

5513:

as "the worst culprits", and that approximately 90% of diesel cars "breach emissions regulations". Overlooking the direct responsibility of the companies involved, the authors blamed the violations on a number of factors, including "unrealistic test conditions, a lack of transparency and a number of

5434:

For the emission standards to deliver actual emission reductions, it is crucial to use a test cycle that reflects real-world driving conditions. It was discovered that vehicle manufacturers would optimise emissions performance only for the test cycle, whilst emissions from typical driving conditions

1533:

The Euro emissions regulations for two and three wheelers (motorcycles) were first introduced in 1999 — some seven years after the cars were first regulated. In further difference to passenger cars (where three-way catalytic converters were de facto required from Euro I), it was first with the

5603:

Since 2012, ADAC performs regular pollutant emission tests on a specific cycle in the laboratory duly representing a real driving environment and gives a global notation independent from the type of engine used (petrol, diesel, natural gas, LPG, hybrid, etc.). To get the maximum 50/50 note on this

427:

From a technical perspective, European emissions standards do not reflect everyday usage of the vehicle as manufacturers are allowed to lighten the vehicle by removing the back seats, improve aerodynamics by taping over grilles and door handles, or reduce the load on the generator by switching off

5621:

PN. Unlike ambient discourse dirty diesel versus clean petrol cars, the results are much more nuanced and subtle. Some Euro 6 diesel cars perform as well as the best hybrid petrol cars; some other recent Euro 6 petrol indirect injection cars perform as the worst Euro 5 diesel cars; finally some

5714:

In the United Kingdom, the initial approach was deemed ineffective. The way the information was presented was too complicated for consumers to understand. As a result, car manufacturers in the United Kingdom voluntarily agreed to put a more "consumer-friendly", colour-coded label displaying

5344:

As of 1 January 2015, EU Member States have to ensure that ships in the Baltic, the North Sea and the English Channel are using fuels with a sulphur content of no more than 0.10%. Higher sulphur contents are still possible, but only if the appropriate exhaust cleaning systems are in place.

5567:

while WLTC-RDE will be performed in the middle of the traffic with a PEMS attached at the rear of the car. RDE testing is then far more difficult than the dynomometer tests. RDE not to exceed limits have then been updated to take into account different test conditions such as PEMS weight

4430:; this is unlike the emission standards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, which are defined by vehicle driving distance in g/km — a general comparison to passenger cars is therefore not possible, as the kWh/km factor depends, among others, on the specific vehicle. 5539:, conformity factor for particles number P being left for further study. Environment organisations criticized the decision as insufficient, while ACEA mentions it will be extremely difficult for automobile manufacturers to reach such a limit in such short period of time. In 2015, an 6898:"Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information" 5881:

Two or more car manufacturers may form a pool which allows them to meet fleet targets as a group instead of having to meet them individually. The first pool was agreed among Tesla and Fiat Chrysler in 2019, reportedly costing Fiat Chrysler hundreds of millions of Euros.

305:

The legal framework consists in a series of directives, each amendments to the 1970 Directive 70/220/EEC. The following is a summary list of the standards, when they come into force, what they apply to, and which EU directives provide the definition of the standard.

5894:

emissions between 0 and 50 g/km. The regulation set ZLEV sales targets of 15% for 2025 and 35% for 2030, and manufacturers have some flexibility in how they achieve those targets. Carmakers that outperform the ZLEV sales targets will be rewarded with higher

8990: 6920:"Commission Regulation (EU) No 459/2012 of 29 May 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 6)" 8699:"Ley 1972 de 2019 – por medio de la cual se establece la protección de los derechos a la salud y al medio ambiente sano estableciendo medidas tendientes a la reducción de emisiones contaminantes de fuentes móviles y se dictan otras disposiciones" 7518: 7047:"Commission Directive 2001/116/EC of 20 December 2001 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers" 5417:

The two groups of emissions standards for heavy duty vehicles each have different appropriate test requirements. Steady-state testing is used for diesel engines only, while transient testing applies to both diesel and petrol engines.

6829:"91/441/EEC Council Directive 91/441/EEC of 26 June 1991 amending Directive 70/220/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles" 5658:) said in mid-2022: "Every month that the implementation of Euro 7 is delayed due to the late publication of the proposal, 1 million more polluting cars will be placed on the EU's road and stay there for decades to come." 5441:

where the engine control system would recognise that the vehicle was being tested, and would automatically switch to a mode optimised for emissions performance. The use of a defeat device is expressly forbidden in EU law.

423:

engines are subject to a limit of 0.0045 g/km for Euro 5 and Euro 6. A particulate number standard (P) or (PN) has been introduced in 2011 with Euro 5b for diesel engines and, in 2014, with Euro 6 for petrol engines.

4436:

The following table contains a summary of the emission standards and their implementation dates. Dates in the tables refer to new type approvals; the dates for all new registrations are in most cases one year later.

6876:"Directive 98/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/220/EEC" 250:

Australian Design Rule certification for new motor vehicle emissions with Euro categories. Euro III was introduced on 1 January 2006 and is progressively being introduced to align with European introduction dates.

4923:

In Euro VII, “PN” includes smaller particles sizes. The cut off value is lowered from PN23 to PN10. This means that PN in EURO VII includes particulates down to 10 nm as opposed to only down to 23 nm in Euro VI.

6854:"Directive 2002/51/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 July 2002 on the reduction of the level of pollutant emissions from two- and three-wheel motor vehicles and amending Directive 97/24/EC" 8946: 9290: 5890:

The 2019 Regulation also introduced an incentive mechanism or credit system from 2025 onwards for zero- and low-emission vehicles (ZLEVs). A ZLEV is defined as a passenger car or a commercial van with CO

5529:

in addition to laboratory tests. The actual limits will use 110% (CF=2.1) "conformity factor" (the difference between the laboratory test and real-world conditions) in 2017, and 50% (CF=1.5) in 2021 for

9254: 386:

of 20 December 2001, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers

6258:

Since 1 January 2024, Euro 3 diesel cars are banned in Grand Lyon (with exceptions) and parts of Strasbourg. With exceptions and free public transport, in parts of: Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole.

8967: 6292:

From 1 January 2025, Euro 3 (petrol or diesel) cars and Euro 4 diesel cars will be banned in parts of Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole (with exceptions and free public transport) and Grand Paris.

8859: 7069: 9304: 7509: 389:

Directive 2002/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 March 2002 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheeled motor vehicles and repealing Council Directive 92/61/EEC

5783:

was set in 2011, with an emissions target of 175 g/km for 2017. Both targets were met several years in advance. A second set of regulations, passed in 2014, set a 2021 target of average CO

5754:

for new cars, after a voluntary commitment made in 1998 and 1999 by the auto industry had failed to reduce emissions by 2007. The regulation applies to new passenger cars registered in the

8213: 1467:). Only regulated for M1, N1 vehicles and only as PM - not PN. After 2035 the limit drops to 0.003. HDV will still not be subject to brake particle emissions regulation even after 2035. 7589: 8596: 5762:

member states for the first time. A carmaker who fails to comply has to pay an "excess emissions premium" for each vehicle registered according with the amount of g/km of exceeded.

9350: 7002: 6685: 7741: 6498: 6246:

Since 1 June 2023, Euro 3 (petrol or diesel) cars and Euro 5 diesel cars are banned (with exceptions, retrofit funding, and replacement-neutral scrappage) in parts of: Glasgow.

9272: 5492:

firmware to detect test conditions, and change emissions controls when under test. The cars thus passed the test, but in real world conditions, emitted up to forty times more

9196: 9013: 7025:"Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6 February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers" 6438: 6271:

Since 1 June 2024, Euro 3 (petrol or diesel) cars and Euro 5 diesel cars are banned (with exceptions, retrofit funding, and replacement-neutral scrappage) in parts of:

6264:

Since 30 May 2024, Euro 3 (petrol or diesel) cars and Euro 5 diesel cars are banned (with exceptions, retrofit funding, and replacement-neutral scrappage) in parts of:

5799:

emissions from new cars by 15% in 2025, and by 37.5% in 2030. For light-commercial vehicles the new targets are a 15% reduction for 2025 and a 31% reduction for 2030.

6942:"Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/646 of 20 April 2016 amending Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 as regards emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 6)" 8337: 9365: 8757:"Decreto supremo que modifica el Decreto supremo n° 010-2017-MINAM, que establece límites máximos permisibles de emisiones atmosféricas para vehículos automotores" 7939:"Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO 5711:

emissions of new passenger cars offered for sale or lease in the Community is made available to consumers in order to enable consumers to make an informed choice.

6807:"European Commission > Enterprise and Industry > Sectors > Automotive > Reference documents > Directives and regulations > Directive 70/220/EEC" 5326:(NRMM) is a term used in the European emission standards to control emissions of engines that are not used primarily on public roadways. This definition includes 232:, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. For each vehicle type, different standards apply. Compliance is determined by running the engine at a standardised 9214: 8412: 8362: 8050: 7438: 5544: 8720: 7003:"EUROPA > Summaries of EU legislation > Internal market > Single Market for Goods > Motor vehicles > Technical harmonisation for motor vehicles" 5697:

Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 13 December 1999 relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO

5463:

emissions were on average about seven times higher than the Euro 6 limit. However, some of the vehicles did show reduced emissions, suggesting that real world

8632: 7475: 7151: 5000: 4387: 118: 9037: 5604:

cycle, the car shall emit less than the minimum limit applicable to either petrol or diesel car, that is to say 100 mg HC, 500 mg CO, 60 mg

7660: 6180: 8164: 7076: 8991:"ZFE à Montpellier : les motos autorisées sans vignette Crit'Air, les véhicules circulant moins de 52 jours par an n'ont plus aucune interdiction" 8778: 5472:

emission control is possible. In one particular instance, research in diesel car emissions by two German technology institutes found that zero "real"

4946: 8578: 8259: 8430: 6493: 8654: 8500: 7221: 8925: 8672: 7645: 5975:

Since 1 September 2017, all new petrol vehicles in Singapore must comply with Euro 6 with new diesel vehicles following suit from 1 January 2018.

9131: 8518: 6443: 4937:). Only regulated for M1, N1 vehicles and only as PM - not PN. After 2035 HDV will still not be subject to brake particle emissions regulation. 4885:

In EURO VI, HC has been replaced by the measurement of “THC” – Total HydroCarbons. HC and THC are not necessarily completely comparable values.

8883: 6963: 9375: 7916: 7597: 6473: 5526: 467: 5727:

g/km). The goal of the new "green label" is to give consumers clear information about the environmental performance of different vehicles.

9174: 7619: 6252:

Since 1 October 2023, Euro 5 diesel cars are banned (with exceptions) in parts of: Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, and Odense.

165: 5501:

emissions than allowed by law. An independent report in September 2015 warned that this extended to "every major car manufacturer", with

8738: 8457: 7865: 7707: 6428: 137: 7690: 5596:

22 additional cars fall below the 110% conformity factor. In total: 57% of cars have then a good chance to be compatible with WLTC-RDE.

9112: 8968:"Dérogations, amendes : avec la ZFE, qu'est-ce qui change pour les voitures Crit'Air 4 à Montpellier et dans la Métropole ?" 7745: 5779:

The 2009 regulation set a 2015 target of 130 g/km for the fleet average for new passenger cars. A similar set of regulations for

419:

emissions. Petrol-powered vehicles are exempted from particulate matter (PM) standards through to the Euro 4 stage, but vehicles with

8838: 7386: 6806: 9320: 8312: 6468: 6164: 5808:

than those for lighter cars. In Regulations (EC) 443/2009 and (EU) 2019/631 this relationship between the specific emissions target

5551:

cars (with about half the market) had the highest emissions. At the end of this study, ICCT was expecting a 100% conformity factor.

5026: 4413: 410:

introduce different emission limits for diesel and petrol vehicles. Diesels have more stringent CO standards but are allowed higher

184: 8232: 144: 5409:" procedure that eliminates the use of a 40-second engine warm-up period found in the ECE+EUDC test cycle (also known as MVEG-A). 7724: 6255:

Since 1 January 2024, Euro 2 cars and Euro 3 diesel cars are banned (with exceptions) in parts of: Torrejón de Ardoz and Zaragoza

5389:

Just as important as the regulations are the tests needed to ensure adherence to regulations. These are laid out in standardised

5338: 7767: 6544: 7891: 5997: 5655: 8947:"Zones à faibles émissions : interdiction des véhicules Crit'Air 3, 4 ou 5 ? Ville par ville, ce qui change en 2024" 8614: 8054: 6714: 6571: 6408: 5004: 4391: 221: 151: 122: 8792: 7791: 302:

The stages are typically referred to as Euro 1, Euro 2, Euro 3, Euro 4, Euro 5 and Euro 6 for Light Duty Vehicle standards.

8387: 7964: 7364: 6984: 6034:

Since 1 July 2023, all new vehicles in China must comply with China 6b (more strict than provisional so-called "Euro 7").

7989: 5651: 5580:

emission tests with a cycle representative of the real driving environment in the laboratory. Among the 69 cars tested:

5485: 133: 8214:"Euro 5: la norma de emisiones para vehículos que empieza este año y que posiciona a Chile como líder en Latinoamérica" 7276: 7129: 6781: 9370: 9326: 7843: 5704: 9064: 8759:[Maximum permissible limits of atmospheric emissions for motor vehicles] (in Spanish). Peru. 2021. 2021-MINAM 7449: 4989: 4957:

for engines of less than 0.75 litres swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3,000 per minute.

4376: 87:

from tyres and brakes. Until 2030 fossil fuelled vehicles are allowed to have dirtier brakes than electric vehicles.

6249:

Since September 2023, Euro 3 diesel cars are banned in parts of Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis (with exceptions).

5899:

emission targets, but the target relaxation is capped at a maximum 5% to safeguard the integrity of the regulation.

280: 243:

for the purposes of increasing safety for drivers. These standards are used in relation to the emissions standards.

8560: 8482: 7177: 5787:

emissions of new cars to fall to 95 g/km by 2021, and for light-commercial vehicles to 147 g/km by 2020.

5744: 5525:

In 2017, the European Union introduced testing in real-world conditions called Real Driving Emissions (RDE), using

5402: 5045: 61: 7229:

The Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics Department of Mechanical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

6656: 6302:

From 1 January 2028, Euro 4 (petrol or diesel) cars and Euro 6 diesel cars will be banned in parts of: Grand Lyon.

6261:

Since 1 January 2024, Euro 6 non-gas or non-electrified cars are banned (with exceptions) in the center of: Madrid

5008: 4993: 4395: 4380: 111: 9091: 6463: 6418: 5454:

emissions during real world driving from fifteen Euro 6 compliant diesel passenger cars. The results showed that

5322: 8313:"THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR IN TURKEY A BASELINE ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE FLEET STRUCTURE, FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EMISSIONS" 7938: 7277:"COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 582/2011 (Euro VI), date is for type approvals, ANNEX I, Euro VI Emission Limits" 7046: 6897: 6875: 6853: 6828: 6596: 8194: 8168: 7668: 5780: 5671: 5426: 3475: 2596: 1717: 1447: 403: 213: 73: 9152: 8195:"Indústria pronta para Euro 5 em 2012 – Diário do Grande ABC – Notícias e informações do Grande ABC: economia" 8172: 8756: 8579:"Euro 5 emission standards to be rolled out for new cars in Vietnam early 2022 | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)" 6699: 9331: 8298: 7567:"European Commission welcomes Member States' agreement on robust testing of air pollution emissions by cars" 6633: 6488: 6458: 6433: 6343: 6324: 5406: 7251: 6612:"Parliamentary question | Euro 7 – non-exhaust particulate emissions | E-002194/2021 | European Parliament" 8138: 5759: 5393:

used to measure emissions performance against the regulatory thresholds applicable to the tested vehicle.

69: 9291:"La zona de bajas emisiones abarcará todo el perímetro de Granada capital limitado por la circunvalación" 9235: 8081: 7412: 7024: 5481:

reductions in public health risk had been achieved despite 13 years of stricter standards (2006 report).

158: 6611: 6478: 6448: 6028:

Since 1 January 2023, all new heavy vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve P8 (similar to Euro 6).

6019:

Since 1 January 2022, all new light vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve L7 (similar to Euro 6).

5963:

Since 1 January 2015, all new light vehicles in Brazil must comply with Proconve L6 (similar to Euro 5).

5599:

30 cars fall above the 110% conformity factor and have then to be improved to satisfy the WLTC-RDE test.

420: 84: 80: 8906: 8779:"ANAC aclara que norma de emisiones Euro 6c comenzará a regir desde el 30 de septiembre de 2025 – Anac" 8106: 5765: 72:

member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a series of

9336: 6756: 5517: 8860:"Migliorare la qualità dell'aria: le misure strutturali e temporanee per la circolazione dei veicoli" 8739:"Norme antipollution. Le Maroc passe officiellement au carburant Euro 6 dès 2022 | Challenge.ma" 8698: 7178:"Euro 5 motorcycles, Euro 5 emissions legislation could mean the disappearance of two-stroke engines" 6634:"Parliamentary question | Answer for question E-002194/21 | E-002194/2021(ASW) | European Parliament" 6130: 5568:(305–533 kg in various ICCT testing), driving in the middle of the traffic, road gradient, etc. 5430:

Comparison between emission standards for nitrogen oxides (NOx) of diesel cars and measured emissions

4433:

The official category name is heavy-duty diesel engines, which generally includes lorries and buses.

247: 240: 9175:"La guía que necesitas para conducir en Madrid 2024, según la pegatina de la DGT que tenga tu coche" 6731: 6519: 8793:"Strict new-car emissions standards coming to Australia from 2025, utes and 4WDs among hardest hit" 8115: 8023: 6289:

From 1 January 2025, Euro 2 cars and Euro 3 diesel cars will be banned in Madrid (with exceptions).

5489: 5488:

involved revelations that Volkswagen AG had deliberately falsified emission reports by programming

5390: 4455: 3479: 233: 9197:"La OCU vuelve a pedir un cambio en las etiquetas de la DGT, pero solo ven una parte del problema" 8884:"En un mes los coches sin etiqueta no podrán circular por Madrid. Estas son todas las excepciones" 7659:

Yang, Liuhanzi; Franco, Vicente; Campestrini, Alex; German, John; Mock, Peter (3 September 2015).

6049:

From 30 September 2025, all new light and medium vehicle models in Chile must comply with Euro 6c.

5646:

After the postponement in publishing the Euro 7 proposal details by the European Commission, some

4910:

A limited 2023 study has shown that certain EURO VI, Step D buses are able to meet the EURO VII NH

8561:"Cambodia In The Driver's Seat Toward Euro VI Standards | Climate & Clean Air Coalition" 8014: 6413: 5629:

from the beginning of 2017 found that 47 out of 61 diesel car models exceed the Euro 6 limit for

6022:

Since September 2022, all new light and medium vehicle models in Chile must comply with Euro 6b.

8635:[Diesel Cars in Indonesia Must Euro 4 Starting April 12, 2022]. Indonesia. 8 April 2022 8299:"Left in the dust: Brazil might be the last major automotive market to adopt Euro VI standards" 5435:

proved to be much higher than when tested. Some manufacturers were also found to use so-called

4426:

The emission standards for trucks (lorries) and buses are defined by engine energy output in g/

8413:"DPF: la sigla que se convirtió en un dolor de cabeza para automotrices y usuarios argentinos" 7829: 6453: 6243:

Since 1 September 2022, Euro 3 diesel cars are banned in Rouen and Toulouse (with exceptions).

6010:

Since 1 January 2021, all new vehicles in China must comply with China 6a (similar to Euro 6).

8338:"Singapore Will Adopt the Euro VI Emission Standards for Petrol Vehicles from September 2017" 8231:

Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (29 November 2011).

7448:. No. 146. European Federation for Transport and Environment. March 2006. Archived from 5978:

Since 1 January 2018, all new vehicles in China must comply with China 5 (similar to Euro 5).

6700:"Euro 7: The new emission standard for light- and heavy-duty vehicles in the European Union" 5981:

Since 1 January 2018, all new light and heavy vehicles in Argentina must comply with Euro 5.

5751: 383: 375: 8597:"Nova lei de emissões vai tirar de linha 6 carros e 4 motores até o fim do ano; veja lista" 7132:. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. 20 June 2007. pp. 5–9 6686:"Euro 7: Council adopts new rules on emission limits for cars, vans and trucks - Consilium" 5730:

Other EU member countries are also in the process of introducing consumer-friendly labels.

7320: 7298: 7203: 5331: 515: 457: 239:

Along with Emissions standards, the European Union has also mandated a number of computer

217: 8363:"Singapore Will Usher In Euro VI Emission Standard For Diesel Vehicles From January 2018" 7566: 6046:

From 1 January 2025, all new heavy vehicles in Mexico must comply with EPA 10 and Euro 6.

6043:

From 1 October 2024, Euro 6b, Tier 3, and EPA 2010 are mandated in Peru for new vehicles.

8460:[Vehicle Emission Standards in Indonesia, How Far is It Implemented?]. Indonesia 5926:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

5372:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

285:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

44: 8815: 6392: 6231:

With exceptions, retrofit funding, and replacement-neutral scrappage, parts of: Glasgow

6179:, Torrejón de Ardoz and Zaragoza. With exceptions and free public transport, parts of: 5993:

Since 1 July 2019, all new heavy vehicles in Mexico must comply with EPA 07 and Euro 5.

5755: 5719:

emissions on all new cars beginning in September 2005, with a letter from A (<100 CO

5681: 5677: 498: 482: 407: 399: 65: 8055:"CO2 standards for passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles in the European Union" 7510:"Volkswagen emissions scandal: Which other cars fail to meet pollution safety limits?" 32: 9359: 8260:"En el 2016 entrará en vigor la norma Euro V para camiones y transporte de pasajeros" 7774: 6483: 6375: 6224: 5647: 5437: 4427: 9305:"ZFE à Lyon: l'interdiction des véhicules Crit'Air 2 reportée "au 1er janvier 2028"" 5445:

An independent study in 2014 used portable emissions measurement systems to measure

7252:"Emissions performance of Euro VI-D buses and recommendations for Euro 7 standards" 5548: 5547:) of 32 Euro 6 cars showed that few complied with on-road emission limits, and LNT/ 510: 225: 9273:"ZFE : nouveau répit avant l'interdiction des Crit'Air 3 dans le Grand Paris" 7798: 7343:"Emission Standards » European Union » Heavy-Duty Truck and Bus Engines" 6188:– With exceptions, retrofit funding, and replacement-neutral scrappage, parts of: 6159:, Madrid (nonlocal), and parts of 42 towns of Germany. With exceptions, parts of: 6025:

Since 12 April 2022, all new diesel vehicles in Indonesia must comply with Euro 4.

5966:

Since 1 January 2016, all new heavy vehicles in Argentina must comply with Euro 5.

5944:

areas across the UK to create a network of charging points for electric vehicles.

1529:

Emission standards for motor cycles (two and three wheelers) – L-category vehicles

9255:"Zone à faibles émissions : le choix d'une restriction minimaliste à Nantes" 281:

https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ID-116-–-Euro-7-standard_final.pdf

228:, including cars, trucks (lorries), locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, 7342: 7104: 6941: 6919: 6371: 6363: 6339: 6320: 6052:

From December 2025, all new vehicles sold in Australia must comply with Euro 6d.

5769:

EU targets from 2015 to 2030 and historical trend of annual average new fleet CO

5564: 5327: 4978: 4365: 494: 462: 209: 100: 5990:

Since 8 October 2018, all new petrol cars in Indonesia must comply with Euro 4.

9132:"Todas las ciudades donde no podrán entrar los coches con etiqueta B en enero" 9014:"VIDEO. A Montpellier, les transports rendus gratuits pour tous les habitants" 8721:"Thailand approves delay on imposing Euro 5 emission standard on new vehicles" 8431:"Peru adopts Euro 4 / IV vehicle emissions standards for improved air quality" 8388:"Early adoption of China 5/V vehicle emission standards in Guangdong province" 7965:"Resources for the Future, Resources Magazine, Weathervane, One Car At A Time" 6220: 6172: 6160: 5401:

Since the Euro 3 regulations in 2000, performance has been measured using the

440: 429: 361:(2014) for light passenger and commercial vehicles—459/2012/EC and 2016/646/EU 7816:"English version of ADAC Emissions tests concerning Euro 5 & Euro 6 cars" 5969:

Since January 2016, all new light vehicles in Russia must comply with Euro 5.

371:

These limits supersede the original directive on emission limits 70/220/EEC.

9345: 8539: 6402: 6276: 6202: 6152: 6144: 6031:

Since 1 January 2023, all new vehicles in Colombia must comply with Euro 6b.

48:

Simplified chart showing the progression of European emission standards for

36:

Simplified chart showing the progression of European emission standards for

7990:"Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council" 7590:"Diesel: Shocking new rules would allow twice the pollution [3026]" 6040:

Since 1 January 2024, all new vehicles in Morocco must comply with Euro 6b.

6037:

Since 1 January 2024, all new vehicles in Thailand must comply with Euro 5.

6013:

Since 1 January 2022, all new vehicles in Cambodia must comply with Euro 4.

1446:

Before Euro 5, passenger vehicles > 2,500 kg were type approved as

428:

the headlights, the passenger compartment fan, or simply disconnecting the

6055:

From 1 January 2027, all new vehicles in Cambodia must comply with Euro 5.

76:

staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards.

6272: 6176: 6134: 6105: 6096: 5996:

Since 1 April 2020, all new 2, 3 or 4-wheelers in India must comply with

5954: 5622:

petrol hybrid cars are at the same level as the best Euro 5 diesel cars.

8655:"Novos limites de emissões vão aquecer venda de implementos rodoviários" 8139:"Fiat Chrysler to pay Tesla hundreds of millions of euros to pool fleet" 8082:"Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council" 7540: 6295:

From 1 April 2025, Euro 2 cars and Euro 3 diesel cars will be banned in

5953:

Since 1 January 2012, all new heavy vehicles in Brazil must comply with

5790:

In April 2019, Regulation (EU) 2019/631 was adopted, which introduced CO

8926:"Todas las restricciones de las Zonas de Bajas Emisiones (ZBE) en 2024" 7742:"ADAC NOX tests on 69 Euro 6 Diesel cars shown in pictures by AutoBild" 7105:"Emission Standards » European Union » Cars and Light Trucks" 6968: 6296: 6212: 6189: 6156: 6092: 6078: 6074: 5626: 472: 125: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8280: 7646:"Auto industry reacts to new real driving emissions testing standards" 6016:

Since 1 January 2022, all new cars in Vietnam must comply with Euro 5.

5987:

Since 1 April 2018, Euro 4, Tier 2, and EPA 2007 are mandated in Peru.

5563:

will then continue to apply for the WLTC Euro 6c tests performed on a

17: 6423: 6283: 6265: 6228: 6216: 6198: 6148: 6126: 6004: 5984:

Since 2018, all new heavy vehicles in Russia must comply with Euro 5.

6545:"Euro 6 Guide to Emission Standards (2022 Update) | Motorway (2022)" 6350:. It is not guaranteed that bi-fuel vehicles will be running on gas. 5960:

Since September 2014, all new cars in Chile must comply with Euro 5.

79:

Euro 7, agreed in 2024 and due to come into force in 2026, includes

64:

for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the

8519:"West African Ministers adopt cleaner fuels and vehicles standards" 7830:"Original ADAC emissions tests concerning Euro 5 & Euro 6 cars" 7815: 7620:"Governments double and delay air pollution limits for diesel cars" 9038:"Older vehicles banned from Glasgow as low emission zone launches" 6347: 6168: 6088: 5516: 5425: 5337:

European standards for non-road diesel engines harmonise with the

229: 43: 31: 9351:

T&E: No diesel NOX reduction in 13 years due to cycle beating

8458:"Standard Emisi Kendaraan di Indonesia, Sejauh Apa Penerapannya?" 8233:"Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores" 7365:"Comparison of NOx emission standards for different Euro classes" 7299:"Transport & Environment – Emissions from Maritime Transport" 6985:"Verbrenner-Aus: Wagenknecht fordert „neue Verbrennergeneration"" 4444:

European emission standards for heavy-duty diesel engines, g/kWh

7222:"Study on possible new measures concerning motorcycle emissions" 6367: 5540: 5510: 5506: 406:

are summarized in the following tables. Since the Euro 2 stage,

8816:"Umweltzonen, Durchfahrtsbeschränkungen und Luftreinhaltepläne" 8111:

emission performance standards for cars and vans (2020 onward)"

7446:

Transport Environment.org Transport & Environment, Bulletin

7075:(Press release). PSA Peugeot Citroen. p. 6. Archived from 6964:"EU Parliament approves compromise on vehicle pollution limits" 5972:

Since 2016, all new vehicles in Turkey must comply with Euro 6.

1479:

Values in parentheses are conformity of production (COP) limits

7152:"Volkswagen Test Rigging Follows a Long Auto Industry Pattern" 6211:– Darmstadt and parts of Stuttgart With exceptions, parts of: 5906: 5502: 5352: 4972: 4359: 355:(2009) for light passenger and commercial vehicles—715/2007/EC 261: 199: 94: 8393:. The International Council on Clean Transportation. May 2015 8301:. International Council on Clean Transportation. 23 May 2018. 5867:(approx. 1400 kg). The Regulations determine the factor 8675:[Is transportation in Colombia ready for Euro VI?]. 8633:"Mobil Diesel di Indonesia Wajib Euro 4 Mulai 12 April 2022" 7943:

emissions in respect of the marketing of new passenger cars"

7476:"Volkswagen to Stop Sales of Diesel Cars Involved in Recall" 6395:(the voluntary agreement with auto manufacturers to limit CO 5584:

17 cars emit less than 80 mg/km, i.e. do not emit more

254:

Euro 7 was formally approval by EU countries in April 2024.

9236:"Scotland's Low Emission Zones - The Ultimate Guide (2024)" 8235:[Air Pollution Control Program for Motor Vehicles] 7661:"NOx control technologies for Euro 6 diesel passenger cars" 6366:, even if many pollute more than some banned cars. Also, a 6240:

Since 2019, some German cities ban Euro 4 or 5 diesel cars.

5701:

emissions in respect of the marketing of new passenger cars

7866:"'Publish the Euro 7 air quality standards without delay'" 7387:"Don't Breathe Here: Tackling air pollution from vehicles" 6657:"EU strikes provisional deal over Euro 7 emissions limits" 4908:

listed in this table have been recalculated from mg to g.

1517:/km within first three years from Euro 6b effective dates 8673:"¿El transporte en Colombia está listo para la Euro VI?" 7208:

AECC (the Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst)

5873:

as 0.0457 for 2012–2019 and as 0.0333 from 2020 onward.

8501:"Amid lockdown, India switches to BS-VI emission norms" 8084:. Official Journal of the European Union. 17 April 2019 7992:. Official Journal of the European Union. 23 April 2009 6501:(United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)) 6205:. With exceptions, parts of: Antwerp, Brussels, Madrid 8483:"Semarnat publica en el DOF modificación a la NOM-044" 7917:"Road transport: Reducing CO₂ emissions from vehicles" 7413:"Real-world exhaust emissions from modern diesel cars" 4344:

Applies only to vehicles with direct injection engines

3457:

Applies only to vehicles with direct injection engines

2578:

Applies only to vehicles with direct injection engines

1501:

Applies only to vehicles with direct injection engines

52:

cars. Note that until Euro 5, there were no PM limits.

8101: 8099: 7569:(Press release). European Commission. 28 October 2015 5222:

Euro norm emissions for (older) ECE R49 cycle, g/kWh

197:

In the European Union, emissions of nitrogen oxides (

6499:

World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

5593:

on this more demanding cycle than on the NEDC cycle.

1538:

Euro emission standards for two- and three-wheelers

327:(1996) for passenger cars—94/12/EC (& 96/69/EC) 319:

Also for passenger cars and light lorries—93/59/EEC.

7768:"English version of ADAC pollutant tests procedure" 7474:Ewing, Jack; Davenport, Coral (20 September 2015). 7068:Macaudière, Pierre; Matthess, Nils (January 2013). 6572:"Lowering the limit: Euro 7 brake emissions update" 6282:From 1 January 2025, Euro 1 cars will be banned in 4898:

measured in ppm pr. kWh, whereas EURO VII limits NH

9215:"German cities can ban Euro 5 diesels immediately" 8677:Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo 8615:"Chile avanza hacia la norma de emisiones Euro 6b" 8540:"Emission Standards: China: Cars and Light Trucks" 8009: 8007: 7844:"Most modern diesels still too dirty, study shows" 7508: 5554:NEDC Euro 6b not to exceed limit of 80 mg/km 5509:named alongside Volkswagen and its sister company 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 349:(2005) for any vehicle—98/69/EC (& 2002/80/EC) 7725:"ADAC NOx Tests concerning 69 Euro 6 Diesel cars" 7665:The International Council on Clean Transportation 7439:"WHO adds pressure for stricter Euro-5 standards" 6439:European Federation for Transport and Environment 5852:with the mass of the specific vehicle denoted by 5316:Emission standards for non-road mobile machinery 1706:Emission standards for light commercial vehicles 8985: 8983: 8981: 8318:. International Council on Clean Transportation 7250:INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION. 7099: 7097: 6597:"Should Tire And Brake Emissions Be Regulated?" 5638:, although they conform to official standards. 6732:"EU: Heavy-duty: Emissions | Transport Policy" 5703:is to ensure that information relating to the 5687:, with road transport contributing about 20%. 2599:1,305–1,760 kg reference mass (Category N 8534: 8532: 8051:International Council on Clean Transportation 8045: 8043: 8041: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7417:International Council on Clean Transportation 5803:Specific emissions targets for passenger cars 341:For motorcycle—2002/51/EC (row B)—2006/120/EC 330:For motorcycle—2002/51/EC (row A)—2006/120/EC 8: 9230: 9228: 9168: 9166: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 8854: 8852: 8555: 8553: 8019:emissions from passenger cars – before 2020" 7892:"EU-27: CO2 emissions shares by sector 2019" 7321:"Emission Test Cycles: ECE 15 + EUDC / NEDC" 7124: 7122: 6848: 6846: 5795:baseline, with a reduction of the average CO 9147: 9145: 9107: 9105: 9031: 9029: 9027: 8076: 8074: 7984: 7982: 7696:. September 2015. p. 20 (PDF page 27). 7204:"HISTORY OF MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS" 5405:test (NEDC; also known as MVEG-B), with a " 5007:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4969:Emission standards for large goods vehicles 4394:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 258:Toxic emission: stages and legal framework 8877: 8875: 8873: 6782:"What are the Euro 7 emissions standards?" 6405:(a motor vehicle emissions ranking system) 6003:Since 1 January 2021, all new vehicles in 1720:≤ 1,305 kg reference mass (Category N 9130:Sirvent, Gustavo López (2 October 2023). 8901: 8899: 8897: 7792:"Original ADAC Emissions Tests procedure" 6715:"Euro 7 motor vehicle emission standards" 5672:Climate change in Europe § Transport 5027:Learn how and when to remove this message 4947:enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle 4414:Learn how and when to remove this message 185:Learn how and when to remove this message 9008: 9006: 9004: 8962: 8960: 8907:"Mapa ZBE Torrejón de Ardoz | RACE" 8839:"Fahrverbote und Umweltzonen im Ausland" 8833: 8831: 8829: 6520:"What are the Euro Emissions Standards?" 6494:United States vehicle emission standards 6370:with a depleted battery is worse than a 6358: 6356: 5858:and the average vehicle mass denoted by 5764: 5632: 5607: 5587: 5574: 5557: 5533: 5495: 5475: 5466: 5457: 5448: 5238: 5220: 5064: 5038: 4468: 4442: 3526: 3515: 3472: 2639: 2628: 2593: 1760: 1749: 1714: 1554: 1536: 501: 485: 475: 437: 413: 246:During the early 2000s, Australia began 201: 9190: 9188: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9078: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8920: 8918: 8916: 8810: 8808: 8806: 7301:. European Commission. 16 February 2015 6757:"NEDC: How do lab tests for cars work?" 6511: 6334: 6332: 6312: 5775:Source: Norwegian Road Federation (OFV) 4878: 4356:Emission standards for trucks and buses 4324: 3437: 2558: 1439: 9366:Carbon emissions in the European Union 8477: 8475: 8275: 8273: 7713:. p. 11 (PDF page 27, table 3.2). 7005:. Europa (web portal). 29 October 2010 6444:European Union Emission Trading Scheme 6129:(nonlocal) With exceptions, parts of: 5680:, transport is the biggest emitter of 5527:portable emissions measurement systems 1475: 1473: 9253:AMIOTTE, Sylvain (16 December 2023). 8679:(in Spanish). Colombia. 17 March 2022 8281:"Emission Standards: Russia and EAEU" 8212:O, Catalina Rojas (4 February 2013). 7945:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 13 December 1999 7049:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 20 December 2001 6809:. European Commission. 31 August 2010 6713:European Parliament (November 2023). 6474:Portable emissions measurement system 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 394:Emission standards for passenger cars 7: 8882:Otero, Alejandra (1 December 2023). 8258:Panzera, Daniel (1 September 2015). 7521:from the original on 12 January 2022 6878:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 13 October 1998 6680: 6678: 6237:– With exceptions, center of: Madrid 5745:European Union Directive No 443/2009 5005:adding citations to reliable sources 4392:adding citations to reliable sources 123:adding citations to reliable sources 6479:Regulation on non-exhaust emissions 6429:Energy policy of the European Union 9195:Murias, Daniel (3 November 2023). 9173:López, Noelia (26 December 2023). 7507:Kirk, Ashley (22 September 2015). 7231:. 1 September 2009. pp. 44–45 6655:de Prez, Matt (19 December 2023). 6181:Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole 5040:Euro norm emissions for category N 3478:> 1,760 kg reference mass 279:. The reason given is: euro 7 per 25: 9065:"Low emission zone retrofit fund" 7691:"ICCT expected conformity factor" 6856:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 19 July 2002 6831:. Eur-lex.europa.eu. 26 June 1991 6570:Lampinen, Megan (2 August 2024). 6469:Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles 6235:Euro 6 non-gas or non-electrified 6165:Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis 5814:and the general emissions target 5514:loopholes in testing protocols". 9293:. Europa Press. 31 January 2024. 7588:Bennett, Jon (28 October 2015). 6983:Timmler, Vivien (7 April 2024). 6434:European Common Transport Policy 5911: 5773:emissions in Norway (2011–2019). 5747:set a mandatory average fleet CO 5357: 4977: 4904:The EURO VII limit values for NH 4364: 3474:European emission standards for 2595:European emission standards for 1716:European emission standards for 439:European emission standards for 338:(2000) for any vehicle—98/69/EC 266: 99: 5656:European Public Health Alliance 3493: 2606: 1727: 446: 110:needs additional citations for 7846:. UK: Sky News. 17 August 2018 7182:INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 6409:Air quality and EU legislation 316:For passenger cars—91/441/EEC. 1: 9092:"Mobility and scrappage fund" 8456:Mongabay (26 November 2020). 7541:"Real Driving Emissions 2015" 7367:. European Environment Agency 7130:"Regulation (EC) No 715/2007" 6073:– With exceptions, parts of: 134:"European emission standards" 9376:European Union transport law 7070:"Élimination des particules" 5652:European Respiratory Society 5521:Real Driving Emissions (RDE) 5486:Volkswagen emissions scandal 5422:"Cycle beating" controversy 4933:Brake particle emissions (PM 1463:Brake particle emissions (PM 224:(PM) are regulated for most 9327:European Environment Agency 9321:European emission standards 8165:"Recharging infrastructure" 7870:Transport & Environment 7797:(in German). Archived from 7345:. DieselNet. September 2012 6761:Car Emissions Testing Facts 6091:With exceptions, parts of: 432:which charges the battery. 58:European emission standards 9392: 9307:– via www.bfmtv.com. 7967:. Rff.org. 10 January 2006 6419:Vehicle emission standards 6362:Electrified here includes 5669: 5403:New European Driving Cycle 4875: 4321: 3934: 3541: 3501:Date (first registration) 3434: 3047: 2654: 2614:Date (first registration) 2555: 2168: 1775: 1735:Date (first registration) 1436: 983: 527: 454:Date (first registration) 62:vehicle emission standards 27:Vehicle emission standards 7107:. DieselNet. January 2015 6464:National Emission Ceiling 5920:This section needs to be 5781:light commercial vehicles 5366:This section needs to be 5323:non-road mobile machinery 4794: 4791: 4653: 4647: 4582: 4520: 4514: 3476:light commercial vehicles 2597:light commercial vehicles 1718:light commercial vehicles 1448:light commercial vehicles 404:light commercial vehicles 275:This section needs to be 74:European Union directives 8435:UN Environment Programme 8169:Department for Transport 7624:transportenvironment.org 6007:must comply with Euro 4. 374:The classifications for 214:non-methane hydrocarbons 6736:www.transportpolicy.net 6489:Ultra-low-sulfur diesel 6459:Motor vehicle emissions 6186:Euro 3 petrol or diesel 6117:Euro 2 petrol or diesel 6085:Euro 1 petrol or diesel 6071:Euro 0 petrol or diesel 5048:, (2000 and up), g/kWh 4902:measured in mg pr. kWh. 4651:October 1999 EEVs only 398:Emission standards for 9153:"Where are the zones?" 7545:Real Driving Emissions 7323:. DieselNet. July 2013 6119:– 76 towns of Piedmont 6077:and 42 other towns of 5776: 5625:Tests commissioned by 5522: 5490:engine management unit 5431: 4554:1992, > 85 kW 4518:1992, < 85 kW 70:European Economic Area 53: 41: 9346:EU emission standards 8601:Autoesporte.globo.com 7919:. European Commission 7391:Transport Environment 6636:. European Parliament 6614:. European Parliament 6449:Life cycle assessment 5768: 5736:Obligatory vehicle CO 5520: 5429: 3498:Date (type approval) 2611:Date (type approval) 1732:Date (type approval) 451:Date (type approval) 384:Directive 2001/116/EC 81:non-exhaust emissions 47: 35: 9119:. 27 September 2023. 8659:O Estado de S. Paulo 8565:www.ccacoalition.org 5691:Obligatory labelling 5648:civil society groups 5571:ADAC also performed 5391:emission test cycles 5330:vehicles as well as 5001:improve this section 4388:improve this section 241:on-board diagnostics 119:improve this article 9096:Energy Saving Trust 9069:Energy Saving Trust 9042:www.fleetnews.co.uk 8953:. 26 December 2023. 8928:. 15 December 2023. 8799:. 22 December 2023. 8727:. 22 February 2023. 8661:. 11 February 2022. 8585:. 10 December 2021. 8525:. 27 February 2020. 8175:on 22 December 2011 8116:European Commission 8024:European Commission 7671:on 9 September 2017 7600:on 22 December 2015 7515:The Daily Telegraph 7393:. 14 September 2015 7158:. 23 September 2015 7027:. Eur-lex.europa.eu 6944:. Eur-lex.europa.eu 6922:. Eur-lex.europa.eu 6900:. Eur-lex.europa.eu 6338:Gas here refers to 6319:Gas here refers to 6113:– Parts of: Neu-Ulm 6000:(similar to Euro 6) 5957:(similar to Euro 5) 5723:g/km) to F (186+ CO 5613:, 3 mg PM and 5413:Heavy duty vehicles 5397:Light duty vehicles 5349:Emission test cycle 5223: 5049: 4445: 3491: 2604: 1725: 1539: 444: 443:(Category M), g/km 9371:Emission standards 9337:EEA transport page 9113:"Dieselfahrverbot" 9020:. 12 January 2024. 8997:. 24 January 2024. 8995:France 3 Occitanie 8603:. 3 December 2021. 8437:. 18 December 2017 7648:. 30 October 2015. 7480:The New York Times 7156:The New York Times 7082:on 19 January 2017 6414:Biofuels Directive 6065:Full-time car bans 5886:ZLEV Credit System 5777: 5543:study (ordered by 5523: 5432: 5221: 5039: 4443: 3473: 2594: 1715: 1537: 438: 222:particulate matter 54: 42: 9036:Roberts, Gareth. 8621:. 2 October 2020. 8119:. 6 November 2017 7804:on 28 April 2015. 7748:on 5 January 2016 7626:. 28 October 2015 7455:on 6 October 2006 7419:. 11 October 2014 7279:. p. 167/163 7210:. 14 August 2018. 6454:Low-emission zone 6131:Torrejón de Ardoz 5941: 5940: 5387: 5386: 5313: 5312: 5219: 5218: 5037: 5036: 5029: 4966: 4965: 4894:EURO VI limits NH 4795:31 December 2012 4424: 4423: 4416: 4353: 4352: 3486:Class III & N 3480:max 3,500 kg 3466: 3465: 2587: 2586: 1703: 1702: 1526: 1525: 300: 299: 210:total hydrocarbon 195: 194: 187: 169: 16:(Redirected from 9383: 9309: 9308: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9287: 9281: 9280: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9250: 9244: 9243: 9232: 9223: 9222: 9211: 9205: 9204: 9192: 9183: 9182: 9179:Auto Bild España 9170: 9161: 9160: 9149: 9140: 9139: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9109: 9100: 9099: 9088: 9073: 9072: 9061: 9046: 9045: 9033: 9022: 9021: 9010: 8999: 8998: 8987: 8976: 8975: 8964: 8955: 8954: 8943: 8930: 8929: 8922: 8911: 8910: 8903: 8892: 8891: 8879: 8868: 8867: 8864:Regione Piemonte 8856: 8847: 8846: 8845:. 9 August 2023. 8835: 8824: 8823: 8812: 8801: 8800: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8706: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8640: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8593: 8587: 8586: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8557: 8548: 8547: 8536: 8527: 8526: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8479: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8392: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8317: 8309: 8303: 8302: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8277: 8268: 8267: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8238: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8209: 8203: 8202: 8201:. 26 March 2011. 8191: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8171:. Archived from 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8059: 8053:(January 2019). 8047: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7986: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972: 7961: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7826: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7796: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7780:on 4 March 2016. 7779: 7773:. Archived from 7772: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7744:. Archived from 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7721: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7667:. Archived from 7656: 7650: 7649: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7616: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7596:. Archived from 7585: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7537: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7512: 7504: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7471: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7454: 7443: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7424: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7273: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7256: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7238: 7236: 7226: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7184:. 14 August 2018 7174: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7126: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7101: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7081: 7074: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6850: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6744: 6742: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6682: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6576:Automotive World 6567: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6541: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6516: 6379: 6360: 6351: 6336: 6327: 6317: 5948:Around the world 5936: 5933: 5927: 5915: 5914: 5907: 5872: 5866: 5857: 5851: 5823:is expressed as 5822: 5813: 5752:emissions target 5637: 5620: 5618: 5612: 5592: 5579: 5562: 5538: 5500: 5480: 5471: 5462: 5453: 5382: 5379: 5373: 5361: 5360: 5353: 5339:US EPA standards 5332:railway vehicles 5243: 5224: 5069: 5050: 5032: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5012: 4981: 4973: 4958: 4955: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4861: 4859: 4822: 4820: 4473: 4446: 4419: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4399: 4368: 4360: 4345: 4342: 4317: 4315: 4279: 4277: 4241: 4239: 4203: 4201: 4165: 4163: 3930: 3928: 3892: 3890: 3854: 3852: 3816: 3814: 3778: 3776: 3740: 3738: 3531: 3520: 3492: 3458: 3455: 3430: 3428: 3392: 3390: 3354: 3352: 3316: 3314: 3278: 3276: 3043: 3041: 3005: 3003: 2967: 2965: 2929: 2927: 2891: 2889: 2853: 2851: 2644: 2633: 2605: 2603:Class II), g/km 2579: 2576: 2551: 2549: 2513: 2511: 2475: 2473: 2437: 2435: 2399: 2397: 2164: 2162: 2126: 2124: 2088: 2086: 2050: 2048: 2012: 2010: 1974: 1972: 1765: 1754: 1726: 1559: 1540: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1480: 1477: 1468: 1461: 1455: 1444: 1429: 1427: 1385: 1383: 1341: 1339: 1297: 1295: 1253: 1251: 976: 974: 935: 933: 891: 889: 847: 845: 803: 801: 759: 757: 506: 490: 478: 445: 421:direct injection 418: 378:are defined by: 376:vehicle category 295: 292: 286: 270: 269: 262: 207: 190: 183: 179: 176: 170: 168: 127: 103: 95: 21: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9380: 9356: 9355: 9317: 9312: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9284: 9279:. 13 July 2023. 9271: 9270: 9266: 9259:Ouest-France.fr 9252: 9251: 9247: 9234: 9233: 9226: 9213: 9212: 9208: 9194: 9193: 9186: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9151: 9150: 9143: 9136:Top Gear España 9129: 9128: 9124: 9111: 9110: 9103: 9090: 9089: 9076: 9063: 9062: 9049: 9035: 9034: 9025: 9012: 9011: 9002: 8989: 8988: 8979: 8966: 8965: 8958: 8945: 8944: 8933: 8924: 8923: 8914: 8905: 8904: 8895: 8881: 8880: 8871: 8858: 8857: 8850: 8837: 8836: 8827: 8814: 8813: 8804: 8791: 8790: 8786: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8755: 8754: 8750: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8719: 8718: 8714: 8704: 8702: 8697: 8696: 8692: 8682: 8680: 8671: 8670: 8666: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8638: 8636: 8631: 8630: 8626: 8613: 8612: 8608: 8595: 8594: 8590: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8559: 8558: 8551: 8538: 8537: 8530: 8517: 8516: 8512: 8507:. 1 April 2020. 8499: 8498: 8494: 8481: 8480: 8473: 8463: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8450: 8440: 8438: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8371: 8369: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8336: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8279: 8278: 8271: 8257: 8256: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8211: 8210: 8206: 8193: 8192: 8188: 8178: 8176: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8137: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8120: 8110: 8105: 8104: 8097: 8087: 8085: 8080: 8079: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8049: 8048: 8039: 8029: 8027: 8018: 8013: 8012: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7988: 7987: 7980: 7970: 7968: 7963: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7915: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7898: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7828: 7827: 7823: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7801: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7777: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7722: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7644: 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7572: 7570: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7539: 7538: 7534: 7524: 7522: 7506: 7505: 7494: 7484: 7482: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7422: 7420: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7326: 7324: 7319: 7318: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7254: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7234: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7161: 7159: 7150: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7128: 7127: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7103: 7102: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7008: 7006: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6896: 6895: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6812: 6810: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6790: 6788: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6755: 6754: 6750: 6740: 6738: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6717: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6610:DELLI, Karima. 6609: 6608: 6604: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6551:. 28 April 2022 6543: 6542: 6538: 6528: 6526: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6398: 6388: 6383: 6382: 6361: 6354: 6337: 6330: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6067: 6062: 5950: 5937: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5903:Electrification 5898: 5893: 5868: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5849: 5834: 5824: 5821: 5815: 5809: 5798: 5793: 5786: 5774: 5772: 5750: 5742: 5740:emission limits 5739: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5710: 5700: 5695:The purpose of 5693: 5685: 5674: 5668: 5665: 5644: 5636: 5630: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5605: 5591: 5585: 5578: 5572: 5561: 5555: 5537: 5531: 5499: 5493: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5455: 5452: 5446: 5424: 5415: 5399: 5383: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5362: 5358: 5351: 5318: 5242: 5236: 5068: 5062: 5043: 5033: 5022: 5016: 5013: 4998: 4982: 4971: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4918: 4913: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4857: 4855: 4818: 4816: 4703: 4510: 4498: 4491: 4479: 4472: 4466: 4440: 4420: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4385: 4369: 4358: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4326: 4313: 4311: 4290:September 2024 4287:September 2023 4275: 4273: 4237: 4235: 4214:September 2020 4211:September 2018 4199: 4197: 4176:September 2019 4161: 4159: 4138:September 2016 4135:September 2015 4103:September 2011 4071:September 2010 3926: 3924: 3903:September 2024 3900:September 2023 3888: 3886: 3850: 3848: 3827:September 2020 3824:September 2018 3812: 3810: 3789:September 2019 3774: 3772: 3751:September 2016 3748:September 2015 3736: 3734: 3710:September 2011 3678:September 2010 3530: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3489: 3485: 3470: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3439: 3426: 3424: 3403:September 2024 3400:September 2023 3388: 3386: 3350: 3348: 3327:September 2020 3324:September 2018 3312: 3310: 3289:September 2019 3274: 3272: 3251:September 2016 3248:September 2015 3216:September 2011 3184:September 2010 3039: 3037: 3016:September 2024 3013:September 2023 3001: 2999: 2963: 2961: 2940:September 2020 2937:September 2018 2925: 2923: 2902:September 2019 2887: 2885: 2864:September 2016 2861:September 2015 2849: 2847: 2823:September 2011 2791:September 2010 2643: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2602: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2560: 2547: 2545: 2524:September 2024 2521:September 2023 2509: 2507: 2471: 2469: 2448:September 2019 2445:September 2017 2433: 2431: 2410:September 2018 2395: 2393: 2372:September 2015 2369:September 2014 2337:September 2011 2305:September 2009 2160: 2158: 2137:September 2024 2134:September 2023 2122: 2120: 2084: 2082: 2061:September 2019 2058:September 2017 2046: 2044: 2023:September 2018 2008: 2006: 1985:September 2015 1982:September 2014 1970: 1968: 1944:September 2011 1912:September 2009 1764: 1758: 1753: 1747: 1724:Class I), g/km 1723: 1712: 1708: 1558: 1552: 1531: 1522: 1521: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1483: 1478: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1425: 1423: 1399:September 2024 1396:September 2023 1381: 1379: 1337: 1335: 1311:September 2019 1308:September 2017 1293: 1291: 1267:September 2018 1249: 1247: 1223:September 2015 1220:September 2014 1182:September 2011 1144:September 2009 972: 970: 946:September 2024 943:September 2023 931: 929: 887: 885: 861:September 2019 858:September 2017 843: 841: 817:September 2018 799: 797: 773:September 2015 770:September 2014 755: 753: 726:September 2011 688:September 2009 523: 505: 499: 489: 483: 477: 473: 435: 417: 411: 396: 296: 290: 287: 284: 271: 267: 260: 218:carbon monoxide 205: 198: 191: 180: 174: 171: 128: 126: 116: 104: 93: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9389: 9387: 9379: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9340: 9334: 9324: 9316: 9315:External links 9313: 9311: 9310: 9296: 9282: 9264: 9245: 9224: 9221:. 21 May 2018. 9206: 9184: 9162: 9157:miljoezoner.dk 9141: 9122: 9101: 9074: 9047: 9023: 9000: 8977: 8956: 8931: 8912: 8893: 8869: 8848: 8825: 8802: 8784: 8770: 8748: 8730: 8712: 8690: 8664: 8646: 8624: 8606: 8588: 8570: 8549: 8528: 8510: 8492: 8471: 8448: 8422: 8404: 8379: 8367:www.nea.gov.sg 8354: 8342:www.nea.gov.sg 8329: 8304: 8290: 8269: 8250: 8223: 8204: 8186: 8156: 8145:. 7 April 2019 8130: 8108: 8095: 8070: 8037: 8016: 8003: 7978: 7956: 7940: 7930: 7908: 7883: 7857: 7835: 7821: 7807: 7783: 7759: 7733: 7716: 7699: 7682: 7651: 7637: 7611: 7580: 7558: 7532: 7492: 7466: 7430: 7404: 7378: 7356: 7334: 7312: 7290: 7268: 7242: 7213: 7195: 7169: 7143: 7118: 7093: 7060: 7038: 7016: 6994: 6989:Süddeutsche.de 6975: 6955: 6933: 6911: 6889: 6867: 6842: 6820: 6798: 6773: 6748: 6723: 6705: 6691: 6674: 6647: 6625: 6602: 6588: 6562: 6536: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6396: 6393:ACEA agreement 6389: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6352: 6328: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6280: 6269: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6232: 6206: 6192: 6183: 6138: 6120: 6114: 6108: 6104:– 76 towns of 6099: 6082: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5949: 5946: 5939: 5938: 5919: 5917: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5863: 5847: 5832: 5819: 5796: 5791: 5784: 5770: 5756:European Union 5748: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5708: 5698: 5692: 5689: 5683: 5678:European Union 5667: 5663: 5660: 5643: 5642:Health impacts 5640: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5438:defeat devices 5423: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5398: 5395: 5385: 5384: 5378:September 2020 5365: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5041: 5035: 5034: 4985: 4983: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4950: 4939: 4934: 4926: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4655:ESC & ELR 4652: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4422: 4421: 4372: 4370: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4323: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3808: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3521: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3007: 3006: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2634: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2600: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1755: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1721: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1503: 1481: 1469: 1464: 1456: 1451: 1438: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 986: 985: 981: 980: 977: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 937: 936: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 896: 895: 892: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 852: 851: 848: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 808: 807: 804: 795: 792: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 764: 763: 760: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 720: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 682: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 644: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 606: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 568: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 530: 529: 525: 524: 521: 518: 513: 508: 492: 480: 470: 465: 460: 455: 452: 449: 441:passenger cars 408:EU regulations 400:passenger cars 395: 392: 391: 390: 387: 369: 368: 367:(2030 to 2031) 362: 356: 350: 344: 343: 342: 333: 332: 331: 322: 321: 320: 317: 298: 297: 274: 272: 265: 259: 256: 193: 192: 107: 105: 98: 92: 89: 66:European Union 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9388: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9306: 9300: 9297: 9292: 9286: 9283: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9260: 9256: 9249: 9246: 9241: 9237: 9231: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9207: 9202: 9198: 9191: 9189: 9185: 9180: 9176: 9169: 9167: 9163: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9123: 9118: 9114: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9097: 9093: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9075: 9070: 9066: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9048: 9043: 9039: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9019: 9015: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8973: 8969: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8919: 8917: 8913: 8908: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8889: 8885: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8853: 8849: 8844: 8840: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8826: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8758: 8752: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8731: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8700: 8694: 8691: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8665: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8647: 8634: 8628: 8625: 8620: 8616: 8610: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8589: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8566: 8562: 8556: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8544:dieselnet.com 8541: 8535: 8533: 8529: 8524: 8520: 8514: 8511: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8493: 8488: 8484: 8478: 8476: 8472: 8459: 8452: 8449: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8405: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8355: 8343: 8339: 8333: 8330: 8314: 8308: 8305: 8300: 8294: 8291: 8286: 8285:dieselnet.com 8282: 8276: 8274: 8270: 8265: 8261: 8254: 8251: 8234: 8227: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8208: 8205: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8187: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8083: 8077: 8075: 8071: 8056: 8052: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8038: 8026: 8025: 8020: 8010: 8008: 8004: 7991: 7985: 7983: 7979: 7966: 7960: 7957: 7944: 7934: 7931: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7884: 7872:. 1 July 2022 7871: 7867: 7861: 7858: 7845: 7839: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7822: 7817: 7811: 7808: 7800: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7776: 7769: 7763: 7760: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7726: 7720: 7717: 7709: 7708:"PEMS Weight" 7703: 7700: 7692: 7686: 7683: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7638: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7612: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7584: 7581: 7568: 7562: 7559: 7546: 7542: 7536: 7533: 7520: 7516: 7511: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7467: 7451: 7447: 7440: 7434: 7431: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7405: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7366: 7360: 7357: 7344: 7338: 7335: 7322: 7316: 7313: 7300: 7294: 7291: 7278: 7272: 7269: 7253: 7246: 7243: 7230: 7223: 7217: 7214: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7196: 7183: 7179: 7173: 7170: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7144: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7106: 7100: 7098: 7094: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7061: 7048: 7042: 7039: 7026: 7020: 7017: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6956: 6943: 6937: 6934: 6921: 6915: 6912: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6855: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6830: 6824: 6821: 6808: 6802: 6799: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6762: 6758: 6752: 6749: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6716: 6709: 6706: 6701: 6695: 6692: 6687: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6648: 6635: 6629: 6626: 6613: 6606: 6603: 6598: 6592: 6589: 6577: 6573: 6566: 6563: 6550: 6546: 6540: 6537: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6484:Type approval 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6377: 6376:series hybrid 6373: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6306: 6301: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6225:Frederiksberg 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6209:Euro 5 diesel 6207: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6195:Euro 4 diesel 6193: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6141:Euro 3 diesel 6139: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6121: 6118: 6115: 6112: 6111:Euro 2 diesel 6109: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6083: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6027: 6024: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5945: 5935: 5923: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5902: 5900: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5862: 5856: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5788: 5782: 5767: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5712: 5706: 5702: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5679: 5673: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5650:(such as the 5649: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5610: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5566: 5560: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5528: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5491: 5487: 5484:In 2015, the 5482: 5478: 5469: 5460: 5451: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5428: 5421: 5419: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5381: 5369: 5364: 5355: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5340: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5315: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5031: 5028: 5020: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4986:This section 4984: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4968: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4943: 4940: 4930: 4927: 4920: 4917: 4891: 4888: 4882: 4879: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4760:October 2008 4759: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4725:October 2005 4724: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4688:October 2000 4687: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4617:October 1997 4616: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4586:October 1995 4585: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4418: 4415: 4407: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4373:This section 4371: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4355: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4252:January 2021 4251: 4249:January 2021 4248: 4245: 4244: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4208:Euro 6d-Temp 4207: 4206: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4106:January 2013 4105: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4074:January 2012 4073: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4042:January 2007 4041: 4039:January 2006 4038: 4035: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4010:January 2002 4009: 4007:January 2001 4006: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3978:October 1999 3977: 3975:January 1998 3974: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3946:October 1994 3945: 3943:October 1993 3942: 3939: 3938: 3933: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3865:January 2022 3864: 3862:January 2021 3861: 3858: 3857: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3821:Euro 6d-Temp 3820: 3819: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3713:January 2013 3712: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3681:January 2012 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3649:January 2007 3648: 3646:January 2006 3645: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3617:January 2002 3616: 3614:January 2001 3613: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3585:October 1999 3584: 3582:January 1998 3581: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3553:October 1994 3552: 3550:October 1993 3549: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3482:. (Category N 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3365:January 2022 3364: 3362:January 2021 3361: 3358: 3357: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3321:Euro 6d-Temp 3320: 3319: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3219:January 2013 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3187:January 2012 3186: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3155:January 2007 3154: 3152:January 2006 3151: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3123:January 2002 3122: 3120:January 2001 3119: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3091:October 1998 3090: 3088:January 1998 3087: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3059:October 1994 3058: 3056:October 1993 3055: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3008: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2978:January 2022 2977: 2975:January 2021 2974: 2971: 2970: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2934:Euro 6d-Temp 2933: 2932: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2826:January 2013 2825: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2794:January 2012 2793: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2762:January 2007 2761: 2759:January 2006 2758: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2730:January 2002 2729: 2727:January 2001 2726: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2698:October 1998 2697: 2695:January 1998 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2666:October 1994 2665: 2663:October 1993 2662: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2486:January 2021 2485: 2483:January 2020 2482: 2479: 2478: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2442:Euro 6d-Temp 2441: 2440: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2340:January 2013 2339: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2308:January 2011 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2276:January 2006 2275: 2273:January 2005 2272: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2244:January 2001 2243: 2241:January 2000 2240: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2212:October 1997 2211: 2209:January 1997 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2180:October 1994 2179: 2177:October 1993 2176: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2099:January 2021 2098: 2096:January 2020 2095: 2092: 2091: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055:Euro 6d-Temp 2054: 2053: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1947:January 2013 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1915:January 2011 1914: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883:January 2006 1882: 1880:January 2005 1879: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1851:January 2001 1850: 1848:January 2000 1847: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1819:October 1997 1818: 1816:January 1997 1815: 1812: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1787:October 1994 1786: 1784:October 1993 1783: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1756: 1752: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1535: 1528: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1460: 1457: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1355:January 2021 1354: 1352:January 2020 1351: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1305:Euro 6d-Temp 1304: 1303: 1299: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1185:January 2013 1184: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1147:January 2011 1146: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1109:January 2006 1108: 1106:January 2005 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1071:January 2001 1070: 1068:January 2000 1067: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1033:January 1997 1032: 1030:January 1996 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 995:January 1993 994: 991: 988: 987: 982: 978: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 938: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 905:January 2021 904: 902:January 2020 901: 898: 897: 893: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 855:Euro 6d-Temp 854: 853: 849: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 809: 805: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 765: 761: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 729:January 2013 728: 725: 722: 721: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 691:January 2011 690: 687: 684: 683: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 653:January 2006 652: 650:January 2005 649: 646: 645: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 615:January 2001 614: 612:January 2000 611: 608: 607: 603: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 577:January 1997 576: 574:January 1996 573: 570: 569: 565: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 541: 539:January 1993 538: 535: 532: 531: 526: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 496: 493: 491: 488: 481: 479: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 442: 436: 433: 431: 425: 422: 416: 409: 405: 401: 393: 388: 385: 381: 380: 379: 377: 372: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 345: 340: 339: 337: 334: 329: 328: 326: 323: 318: 315: 314: 312: 309: 308: 307: 303: 294: 282: 278: 273: 264: 263: 257: 255: 252: 249: 244: 242: 237: 235: 231: 227: 226:vehicle types 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 204: 189: 186: 178: 167: 164: 160: 157: 153: 150: 146: 143: 139: 136: – 135: 131: 130:Find sources: 124: 120: 114: 113: 108:This section 106: 102: 97: 96: 90: 88: 86: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 51: 46: 39: 34: 30: 19: 9332:EEA Glossary 9299: 9285: 9276: 9267: 9258: 9248: 9239: 9219:Fleet Europe 9218: 9209: 9200: 9178: 9156: 9135: 9125: 9116: 9095: 9068: 9041: 9017: 8994: 8972:midilibre.fr 8971: 8950: 8887: 8863: 8842: 8819: 8796: 8787: 8773: 8761:. Retrieved 8751: 8743:challenge.ma 8742: 8733: 8725:Pattaya Mail 8724: 8715: 8703:. Retrieved 8693: 8681:. Retrieved 8676: 8667: 8658: 8649: 8639:18 September 8637:. Retrieved 8627: 8618: 8609: 8600: 8591: 8582: 8573: 8564: 8543: 8522: 8513: 8504: 8495: 8486: 8464:18 September 8462:. Retrieved 8451: 8439:. Retrieved 8434: 8425: 8416: 8407: 8395:. Retrieved 8382: 8370:. Retrieved 8366: 8357: 8345:. Retrieved 8341: 8332: 8320:. Retrieved 8307: 8293: 8284: 8263: 8253: 8241:. Retrieved 8226: 8217: 8207: 8199:Dgabc.com.br 8198: 8189: 8177:. Retrieved 8173:the original 8159: 8147:. Retrieved 8142: 8133: 8121:. Retrieved 8114: 8086:. Retrieved 8061:. Retrieved 8028:. Retrieved 8022: 8015:"Reducing CO 7994:. Retrieved 7969:. Retrieved 7959: 7947:. Retrieved 7933: 7921:. Retrieved 7911: 7899:. Retrieved 7895: 7886: 7874:. Retrieved 7869: 7860: 7848:. Retrieved 7838: 7832:(in German). 7824: 7810: 7799:the original 7786: 7775:the original 7762: 7750:. Retrieved 7746:the original 7736: 7719: 7702: 7685: 7673:. Retrieved 7669:the original 7664: 7654: 7640: 7628:. Retrieved 7623: 7614: 7602:. Retrieved 7598:the original 7593: 7583: 7571:. Retrieved 7561: 7549:. Retrieved 7544: 7535: 7525:23 September 7523:. Retrieved 7514: 7485:21 September 7483:. Retrieved 7479: 7469: 7457:. Retrieved 7450:the original 7445: 7433: 7423:23 September 7421:. Retrieved 7416: 7407: 7395:. Retrieved 7390: 7381: 7369:. Retrieved 7359: 7349:28 September 7347:. Retrieved 7337: 7327:28 September 7325:. Retrieved 7315: 7303:. Retrieved 7293: 7281:. Retrieved 7271: 7259:. Retrieved 7245: 7233:. Retrieved 7228: 7216: 7207: 7198: 7188:26 September 7186:. Retrieved 7181: 7172: 7160:. Retrieved 7155: 7146: 7134:. Retrieved 7111:23 September 7109:. Retrieved 7086:23 September 7084:. Retrieved 7077:the original 7063: 7051:. Retrieved 7041: 7029:. Retrieved 7019: 7007:. Retrieved 6997: 6988: 6978: 6967: 6958: 6946:. Retrieved 6936: 6924:. Retrieved 6914: 6902:. Retrieved 6892: 6880:. Retrieved 6870: 6858:. Retrieved 6833:. Retrieved 6823: 6811:. Retrieved 6801: 6789:. Retrieved 6786:Auto Express 6785: 6776: 6764:. Retrieved 6760: 6751: 6739:. Retrieved 6735: 6726: 6708: 6694: 6665:. Retrieved 6660: 6650: 6638:. Retrieved 6628: 6616:. Retrieved 6605: 6591: 6579:. Retrieved 6575: 6565: 6553:. Retrieved 6548: 6539: 6527:. Retrieved 6523: 6514: 6364:mild hybrids 6315: 6234: 6208: 6194: 6185: 6140: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6101: 6084: 6070: 5942: 5929: 5921: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5869: 5860: 5854: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5829: 5825: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5789: 5778: 5743: 5732: 5729: 5713: 5705:fuel economy 5696: 5694: 5675: 5645: 5633: 5624: 5608: 5602: 5588: 5575: 5570: 5558: 5553: 5549:NOx adsorber 5534: 5524: 5496: 5483: 5476: 5467: 5458: 5449: 5444: 5436: 5433: 5416: 5400: 5388: 5375: 5367: 5343: 5336: 5321: 5319: 5239: 5065: 5023: 5014: 4999:Please help 4987: 4953: 4942: 4929: 4919: 4890: 4881: 4654: 4521: 4469: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4425: 4410: 4401: 4386:Please help 4374: 3527: 3516: 3469: 3467: 2640: 2629: 2590: 2588: 1761: 1750: 1711: 1709: 1569:NMHC (g/km) 1555: 1532: 1506: 1459: 1442: 1013:0.97 (1.13) 998:2.72 (3.16) 560:0.14 (0.18) 557:0.97 (1.13) 542:2.72 (3.16) 502: 486: 434: 426: 414: 397: 373: 370: 364: 358: 352: 346: 335: 324: 310: 304: 301: 288: 276: 253: 245: 238: 202: 196: 181: 172: 162: 155: 148: 141: 129: 117:Please help 112:verification 109: 85:particulates 78: 57: 55: 49: 37: 29: 9344:Dieselnet: 9201:Motorpasión 9117:www.adac.de 8888:Motorpasión 8843:www.adac.de 8763:18 December 8705:19 December 8683:19 December 8583:VietnamPlus 8441:18 December 8264:16 Valvulas 8179:22 December 7752:22 December 7594:ClientEarth 7305:28 February 7283:30 December 7261:17 February 7257:. p. 7 7162:17 November 6667:22 December 6372:full hybrid 6340:natural gas 6321:natural gas 6299:(nonlocal). 5955:Proconve P7 5676:Within the 5565:dynomometer 382:Commission 248:harmonising 9360:Categories 9018:Franceinfo 8820:gis.uba.de 8619:Autocosmos 8487:t21.com.mx 8417:Motor1.com 8372:8 February 8347:8 February 8322:6 February 8218:La Tercera 8149:12 January 7971:2 February 7949:2 February 7675:7 November 7630:30 October 7604:30 October 7573:30 October 7551:29 October 7459:2 February 7397:13 October 7235:20 October 7136:29 October 7053:2 February 7031:2 February 7009:2 February 6904:2 February 6882:2 February 6860:2 February 6835:2 February 6813:2 February 6661:Fleet News 6524:Stratstone 6507:References 6399:emissions) 6221:Copenhagen 6173:Strasbourg 6161:Grand Lyon 6102:Euro 1 gas 5932:April 2021 5670:See also: 5407:cold start 5143:1999–2005 4456:Test cycle 1566:PM (g/km) 1563:HC (g/km) 1549:CO (g/km) 992:July 1992 536:July 1992 430:alternator 291:March 2024 234:test cycle 175:March 2024 145:newspapers 91:Background 8505:The Hindu 7850:18 August 6948:15 August 6529:4 October 6403:AIR Index 6277:Edinburgh 6203:Stuttgart 6197:– Ghent, 6153:The Hague 6145:Amsterdam 5666:emissions 5320:The term 5227:Standard 5140:Euro III 5053:Standard 5017:July 2022 4988:does not 4648:Euro III 4404:July 2022 4375:does not 1616:Euro III 1543:Standard 220:(CO) and 9277:TF1 INFO 9240:Motorway 8951:TF1 INFO 8239:. Brazil 7896:Statista 7519:Archived 6791:10 March 6766:10 March 6741:10 March 6581:3 August 6386:See also 6378:version. 6273:Aberdeen 6177:Toulouse 6135:Zaragoza 6106:Piedmont 6097:Brussels 5654:and the 5328:off-road 5297:1995–99 5294:Euro II 5277:1992–95 5257:1988–92 5203:2012–19 5200:Euro VI 5183:2008–12 5163:2005–08 5160:Euro IV 5123:1995–99 5120:Euro II 5103:1992–95 5083:1988–92 4849:10(ppm) 4810:10(ppm) 4792:Euro VI 4722:Euro IV 4583:Euro II 4522:ECE R49 4507:Brake PM 4284:Euro 6e 4246:Euro 6d 4170:Euro 6c 4132:Euro 6b 4100:Euro 5b 4068:Euro 5a 3897:Euro 6e 3859:Euro 6d 3783:Euro 6c 3745:Euro 6b 3707:Euro 5b 3675:Euro 5a 3490:), g/km 3397:Euro 6e 3359:Euro 6d 3283:Euro 6c 3245:Euro 6b 3213:Euro 5b 3181:Euro 5a 3010:Euro 6e 2972:Euro 6d 2896:Euro 6c 2858:Euro 6b 2820:Euro 5b 2788:Euro 5a 2518:Euro 6e 2480:Euro 6d 2404:Euro 6c 2366:Euro 6b 2334:Euro 5b 2302:Euro 5a 2131:Euro 6e 2093:Euro 6d 2017:Euro 6c 1979:Euro 6b 1941:Euro 5b 1909:Euro 5a 1681:Euro V+ 1637:Euro IV 1595:Euro II 1393:Euro 6e 1349:Euro 6d 1261:Euro 6c 1217:Euro 6b 1179:Euro 5b 1141:Euro 5a 940:Euro 6e 899:Euro 6d 811:Euro 6c 767:Euro 6b 723:Euro 5b 685:Euro 5a 520:Brake PM 313:(1992): 216:(NMHC), 83:such as 8397:24 July 8243:22 July 8143:Reuters 8123:23 June 8088:23 June 8063:23 June 8030:23 June 7996:22 June 7923:24 July 7901:24 July 7876:31 July 7371:7 March 6969:Reuters 6640:28 July 6618:28 July 6555:25 July 6297:Granada 6213:Aalborg 6190:Glasgow 6157:Utrecht 6093:Antwerp 6079:Germany 6075:Neu-Ulm 5922:updated 5877:Pooling 5368:updated 5274:Euro I 5254:Euro 0 5180:Euro V 5100:Euro I 5080:Euro 0 5009:removed 4994:sources 4914:limits. 4757:Euro V 4515:Euro I 4504:Smoke 4396:removed 4381:sources 4308:0.0045 4270:0.0045 4232:0.0045 4194:0.0045 4156:0.0045 4124:0.0045 4036:Euro 4 4004:Euro 3 3972:Euro 2 3940:Euro 1 3935:Petrol 3921:0.0045 3883:0.0045 3845:0.0045 3807:0.0045 3769:0.0045 3731:0.0045 3643:Euro 4 3611:Euro 3 3579:Euro 2 3547:Euro 1 3542:Diesel 3421:0.0045 3383:0.0045 3345:0.0045 3307:0.0045 3269:0.0045 3237:0.0045 3149:Euro 4 3117:Euro 3 3085:Euro 2 3053:Euro 1 3048:Petrol 3034:0.0045 2996:0.0045 2958:0.0045 2920:0.0045 2882:0.0045 2844:0.0045 2756:Euro 4 2724:Euro 3 2692:Euro 2 2660:Euro 1 2655:Diesel 2542:0.0045 2504:0.0045 2466:0.0045 2428:0.0045 2390:0.0045 2358:0.0045 2270:Euro 4 2238:Euro 3 2206:Euro 2 2174:Euro 1 2169:Petrol 2155:0.0045 2117:0.0045 2079:0.0045 2041:0.0045 2003:0.0045 1965:0.0045 1877:Euro 4 1845:Euro 3 1813:Euro 2 1781:Euro 1 1776:Diesel 1696:0.0045 1673:0.0045 1658:Euro V 1574:Euro I 1560:(g/km) 1454:Class I 1420:0.0045 1376:0.0045 1332:0.0045 1288:0.0045 1244:0.0045 1206:0.0045 1103:Euro 4 1065:Euro 3 1027:Euro 2 989:Euro 1 984:Petrol 967:0.0045 926:0.0045 882:0.0045 838:0.0045 794:0.0045 750:0.0045 647:Euro 4 609:Euro 3 571:Euro 2 533:Euro 1 528:Diesel 277:updated 212:(THC), 159:scholar 7547:. 2015 6926:1 June 6549:Unbate 6424:EN 590 6284:Nantes 6266:Dundee 6229:Odense 6227:, and 6217:Aarhus 6201:, and 6199:Munich 6149:Arnhem 6127:Madrid 6123:Euro 2 6005:ECOWAS 5707:and CO 5627:Which? 5505:, and 4537:0.612 4302:0.082 4299:0.108 4296:0.160 4293:2.270 4264:0.082 4261:0.108 4258:0.160 4255:2.270 4226:0.082 4223:0.108 4220:0.160 4217:2.270 4188:0.082 4185:0.108 4182:0.160 4179:2.270 4150:0.082 4147:0.108 4144:0.160 4141:2.270 4118:0.082 4115:0.108 4112:0.160 4109:2.270 4092:0.005 4086:0.082 4083:0.108 4080:0.160 4077:2.270 3918:0.215 3915:0.125 3906:0.740 3880:0.215 3877:0.125 3868:0.740 3842:0.215 3839:0.125 3830:0.740 3804:0.215 3801:0.125 3792:0.740 3766:0.215 3763:0.125 3754:0.740 3728:0.350 3725:0.280 3716:0.740 3699:0.005 3696:0.350 3693:0.280 3684:0.740 3415:0.075 3412:0.090 3409:0.130 3406:1.810 3377:0.075 3374:0.090 3371:0.130 3368:1.810 3339:0.075 3336:0.090 3333:0.130 3330:1.810 3301:0.075 3298:0.090 3295:0.130 3292:1.810 3263:0.075 3260:0.090 3257:0.130 3254:1.810 3231:0.075 3228:0.090 3225:0.130 3222:1.810 3205:0.005 3199:0.075 3196:0.090 3193:0.130 3190:1.810 3161:0.130 3031:0.195 3028:0.105 3019:0.630 2993:0.195 2990:0.105 2981:0.630 2955:0.195 2952:0.105 2943:0.630 2917:0.195 2914:0.105 2905:0.630 2879:0.195 2876:0.105 2867:0.630 2841:0.295 2838:0.235 2829:0.630 2812:0.005 2809:0.295 2806:0.235 2797:0.630 2536:0.060 2533:0.068 2530:0.100 2527:1.000 2498:0.060 2495:0.068 2492:0.100 2489:1.000 2460:0.060 2457:0.068 2454:0.100 2451:1.000 2422:0.060 2419:0.068 2416:0.100 2413:1.000 2384:0.060 2381:0.068 2378:0.100 2375:1.000 2352:0.060 2349:0.068 2346:0.100 2343:1.000 2326:0.005 2320:0.060 2317:0.068 2314:0.100 2311:1.000 2152:0.170 2149:0.080 2140:0.500 2114:0.170 2111:0.080 2102:0.500 2076:0.170 2073:0.080 2064:0.500 2038:0.170 2035:0.080 2026:0.500 2000:0.170 1997:0.080 1988:0.500 1962:0.230 1959:0.180 1950:0.500 1933:0.005 1930:0.230 1927:0.180 1918:0.500 1901:0.025 1699:0.068 1676:0.068 1414:0.060 1408:0.068 1370:0.060 1364:0.068 1326:0.060 1320:0.068 1282:0.060 1276:0.068 1238:0.060 1232:0.068 1200:0.060 1194:0.068 1168:0.005 1162:0.060 1156:0.068 1124:0.080 1086:0.150 964:0.170 961:0.080 923:0.170 920:0.080 879:0.170 876:0.080 835:0.170 832:0.080 791:0.170 788:0.080 747:0.230 744:0.180 712:0.005 709:0.230 706:0.180 674:0.025 668:0.250 630:0.500 365:Euro 7 359:Euro 6 353:Euro 5 347:Euro 4 336:Euro 3 325:Euro 2 311:Euro 1 230:barges 161: 154: 147: 140: 132: 50:petrol 38:diesel 18:Euro 2 8797:Drive 8391:(PDF) 8316:(PDF) 8237:(PDF) 8058:(PDF) 7802:(PDF) 7795:(PDF) 7778:(PDF) 7771:(PDF) 7728:(PDF) 7711:(PDF) 7694:(PDF) 7453:(PDF) 7442:(PDF) 7255:(PDF) 7225:(PDF) 7080:(PDF) 7073:(PDF) 6718:(PDF) 6348:HICEV 6346:, or 6307:Notes 6169:Rouen 6089:Ghent 5998:BS VI 5309:0.15 5289:0.36 5263:14.4 5260:11.2 5230:Date 5215:0.01 5212:0.36 5195:0.02 5192:0.46 5175:0.02 5172:0.46 5152:0.66 5135:0.15 5115:0.40 5112:1.23 5089:15.8 5086:12.3 5056:Date 4852:0.01 4846:0.46 4843:0.16 4837:WHTC 4813:0.01 4804:0.13 4798:WHSC 4774:0.02 4766:0.46 4739:0.02 4731:0.46 4704:0.13 4702:0.10 4694:0.66 4681:0.15 4670:0.02 4662:0.25 4631:0.15 4600:0.25 4568:0.36 4501:HCHO 4452:Date 4449:Tier 4054:0.11 4048:0.16 4045:2.27 4022:0.21 4016:0.29 4013:5.22 3667:0.06 3664:0.46 3661:0.39 3652:0.74 3635:0.10 3632:0.86 3629:0.78 3620:0.95 3603:0.17 3571:0.25 3510:NMHC 3495:Tier 3167:0.10 3158:1.81 3135:0.18 3129:0.25 3126:4.17 3062:5.17 2780:0.04 2777:0.39 2774:0.33 2765:0.63 2748:0.07 2745:0.72 2742:0.65 2733:0.80 2716:0.12 2701:1.25 2684:0.19 2669:5.17 2623:NMHC 2608:Tier 2288:0.08 2282:0.10 2256:0.15 2250:0.20 2195:0.97 2183:2.72 1898:0.30 1895:0.25 1886:0.50 1869:0.05 1866:0.56 1863:0.50 1854:0.64 1837:0.08 1805:0.14 1802:0.97 1790:2.72 1744:NMHC 1729:Tier 1693:0.10 1690:0.06 1687:1.00 1684:2024 1670:0.10 1667:0.06 1664:1.00 1661:2020 1649:0.17 1646:0.09 1643:1.14 1640:2016 1625:0.15 1619:2006 1598:2003 1580:13.0 1577:1999 1546:Date 1405:0.10 1361:0.10 1317:0.10 1273:0.10 1229:0.10 1191:0.10 1153:0.10 1115:0.10 1077:0.20 949:0.50 908:0.50 864:0.50 820:0.50 776:0.50 732:0.50 694:0.50 671:0.30 656:0.50 636:0.05 633:0.56 618:0.66 598:0.08 448:Tier 166:JSTOR 152:books 8765:2023 8707:2023 8685:2023 8641:2022 8523:UNEP 8466:2022 8443:2023 8399:2022 8374:2023 8349:2023 8324:2019 8245:2022 8181:2011 8151:2023 8125:2020 8090:2020 8065:2020 8032:2020 7998:2020 7973:2011 7951:2011 7925:2022 7903:2022 7878:2022 7852:2018 7754:2015 7677:2015 7632:2015 7606:2015 7575:2015 7553:2015 7527:2015 7487:2015 7461:2011 7425:2015 7399:2015 7373:2019 7351:2015 7329:2015 7307:2015 7285:2018 7263:2023 7237:2021 7190:2021 7164:2015 7138:2015 7113:2015 7088:2015 7055:2011 7033:2011 7011:2011 6950:2019 6928:2012 6906:2011 6884:2011 6862:2011 6837:2011 6815:2011 6793:2024 6768:2024 6743:2024 6669:2023 6663:. UK 6642:2022 6620:2022 6583:2024 6557:2022 6531:2021 6368:PHEV 6275:and 6133:and 6060:Bans 5758:and 5545:ICCT 5541:ADAC 5511:Audi 5507:Opel 5306:1.1 5303:7.0 5300:4.0 5286:1.1 5283:8.0 5280:4.5 5266:2.4 5209:1.2 5206:1.0 5189:2.0 5186:1.5 5169:3.5 5166:1.5 5155:0.1 5149:5.0 5146:2.1 5132:1.1 5129:7.0 5126:4.0 5109:9.0 5106:4.9 5092:2.6 4992:any 4990:cite 4840:4.0 4807:0.4 4801:1.5 4785:0.5 4769:2.0 4763:1.5 4750:0.5 4734:3.5 4728:1.5 4715:0.8 4697:5.0 4691:2.1 4665:2.0 4659:1.5 4626:7.0 4623:1.1 4620:4.0 4595:7.0 4592:1.1 4589:4.0 4563:8.0 4560:1.1 4557:4.5 4532:8.0 4529:1.1 4526:4.5 4485:PN 4379:any 4377:cite 3993:0.7 3981:5.0 3961:1.7 3949:6.9 3600:1.2 3588:1.5 3568:1.7 3556:6.9 3537:PN 3507:THC 3106:0.6 3094:4.0 3074:1.4 2713:1.0 2681:1.4 2650:PN 2620:THC 2279:1.0 2247:2.3 2227:0.5 2215:2.2 1834:0.7 1822:1.0 1771:PN 1741:THC 1628:0.3 1622:2.0 1607:1.0 1604:0.3 1601:5.5 1586:3.0 1583:0.3 1402:1.0 1358:1.0 1314:1.0 1270:1.0 1226:1.0 1188:1.0 1150:1.0 1112:1.0 1074:2.3 1051:0.5 1036:2.2 595:0.7 580:1.0 468:NMHC 402:and 138:news 68:and 60:are 56:The 40:cars 8107:"CO 6374:or 6344:LPG 6325:LPG 6323:or 5839:× ( 5760:EEA 5503:BMW 5269:NA 5249:PM 5246:HC 5233:CO 5095:NA 5075:PM 5072:HC 5059:CO 5046:EDC 5003:by 4482:PM 4463:HC 4460:CO 4428:kWh 4390:by 3534:PM 3523:HC+ 3504:CO 2647:PM 2636:HC+ 2617:CO 1768:PM 1757:HC+ 1738:CO 516:PN 463:THC 208:), 121:by 9362:: 9275:. 9257:. 9238:. 9227:^ 9217:. 9199:. 9187:^ 9177:. 9165:^ 9155:. 9144:^ 9134:. 9115:. 9104:^ 9094:. 9077:^ 9067:. 9050:^ 9040:. 9026:^ 9016:. 9003:^ 8993:. 8980:^ 8970:. 8959:^ 8949:. 8934:^ 8915:^ 8896:^ 8886:. 8872:^ 8862:. 8851:^ 8841:. 8828:^ 8818:. 8805:^ 8795:. 8741:. 8723:. 8657:. 8617:. 8599:. 8581:. 8563:. 8552:^ 8542:. 8531:^ 8521:. 8503:. 8485:. 8474:^ 8433:. 8415:. 8365:. 8340:. 8283:. 8272:^ 8262:. 8216:. 8197:. 8167:. 8141:. 8113:. 8098:^ 8073:^ 8040:^ 8021:. 8006:^ 7981:^ 7894:. 7868:. 7663:. 7622:. 7592:. 7543:. 7517:. 7513:. 7495:^ 7478:. 7444:. 7415:. 7389:. 7227:. 7206:. 7180:. 7154:. 7121:^ 7096:^ 6987:. 6966:. 6845:^ 6784:. 6759:. 6734:. 6677:^ 6659:. 6574:. 6547:. 6522:. 6355:^ 6342:, 6331:^ 6223:, 6219:, 6215:, 6175:, 6171:, 6167:, 6163:, 6155:, 6151:, 6147:, 6143:– 6125:– 6095:, 6087:– 5895:CO 5835:+ 5828:= 5715:CO 5682:CO 5662:CO 5631:NO 5619:10 5606:NO 5586:NO 5573:NO 5556:NO 5532:NO 5494:NO 5474:NO 5465:NO 5456:NO 5447:NO 5334:. 5237:NO 5063:NO 5044:, 4935:10 4860:10 4821:10 4509:10 4495:CH 4492:O 4476:NH 4467:NO 4327:^ 4316:10 4305:– 4278:10 4267:– 4240:10 4229:– 4202:10 4191:– 4173:– 4164:10 4153:– 4127:– 4121:– 4095:– 4089:– 4063:– 4060:– 4057:– 4051:– 4031:– 4028:– 4025:– 4019:– 3999:– 3996:– 3990:– 3987:– 3984:– 3967:– 3964:– 3958:– 3955:– 3952:– 3929:10 3912:– 3909:– 3891:10 3874:– 3871:– 3853:10 3836:– 3833:– 3815:10 3798:– 3795:– 3786:– 3777:10 3760:– 3757:– 3739:10 3722:– 3719:– 3702:– 3690:– 3687:– 3670:– 3658:– 3655:– 3638:– 3626:– 3623:– 3606:– 3597:– 3594:– 3591:– 3574:– 3565:– 3562:– 3559:– 3525:NO 3514:NO 3440:^ 3429:10 3418:– 3391:10 3380:– 3353:10 3342:– 3315:10 3304:– 3286:– 3277:10 3266:– 3240:– 3234:– 3208:– 3202:– 3176:– 3173:– 3170:– 3164:– 3144:– 3141:– 3138:– 3132:– 3112:– 3109:– 3103:– 3100:– 3097:– 3080:– 3077:– 3071:– 3068:– 3065:– 3042:10 3025:– 3022:– 3004:10 2987:– 2984:– 2966:10 2949:– 2946:– 2928:10 2911:– 2908:– 2899:– 2890:10 2873:– 2870:– 2852:10 2835:– 2832:– 2815:– 2803:– 2800:– 2783:– 2771:– 2768:– 2751:– 2739:– 2736:– 2719:– 2710:– 2707:– 2704:– 2687:– 2678:– 2675:– 2672:– 2638:NO 2627:NO 2561:^ 2550:10 2539:– 2512:10 2501:– 2474:10 2463:– 2436:10 2425:– 2407:– 2398:10 2387:– 2361:– 2355:– 2329:– 2323:– 2297:– 2294:– 2291:– 2285:– 2265:– 2262:– 2259:– 2253:– 2233:– 2230:– 2224:– 2221:– 2218:– 2201:– 2198:– 2192:– 2189:– 2186:– 2163:10 2146:– 2143:– 2125:10 2108:– 2105:– 2087:10 2070:– 2067:– 2049:10 2032:– 2029:– 2020:– 2011:10 1994:– 1991:– 1973:10 1956:– 1953:– 1936:– 1924:– 1921:– 1904:– 1892:– 1889:– 1872:– 1860:– 1857:– 1840:– 1831:– 1828:– 1825:– 1808:– 1799:– 1796:– 1793:– 1759:NO 1748:NO 1553:NO 1515:10 1484:^ 1472:^ 1465:10 1432:– 1428:10 1417:– 1411:– 1388:– 1384:10 1373:– 1367:– 1344:– 1340:10 1329:– 1323:– 1300:– 1296:10 1285:– 1279:– 1264:– 1256:– 1252:10 1241:– 1235:– 1212:– 1209:– 1203:– 1197:– 1174:– 1171:– 1165:– 1159:– 1136:– 1133:– 1130:– 1127:– 1121:– 1118:– 1098:– 1095:– 1092:– 1089:– 1083:– 1080:– 1060:– 1057:– 1054:– 1048:– 1045:– 1042:– 1039:– 1022:– 1019:– 1016:– 1010:– 1007:– 1004:– 1001:– 979:– 975:10 958:– 955:– 952:– 934:10 917:– 914:– 911:– 894:– 890:10 873:– 870:– 867:– 850:– 846:10 829:– 826:– 823:– 814:– 806:– 802:10 785:– 782:– 779:– 762:– 758:10 741:– 738:– 735:– 718:– 715:– 703:– 700:– 697:– 680:– 677:– 665:– 662:– 659:– 642:– 639:– 627:– 624:– 621:– 604:– 601:– 592:– 589:– 586:– 583:– 566:– 563:– 554:– 551:– 548:– 545:– 522:10 511:PM 500:NO 495:HC 484:NO 474:NH 458:CO 412:NO 200:NO 9339:. 9323:. 9261:. 9242:. 9203:. 9181:. 9159:. 9138:. 9098:. 9071:. 9044:. 8974:. 8909:. 8890:. 8866:. 8822:. 8781:. 8767:. 8745:. 8709:. 8687:. 8643:. 8567:. 8546:. 8489:. 8468:. 8445:. 8419:. 8401:. 8376:. 8351:. 8326:. 8287:. 8266:. 8247:. 8220:. 8183:. 8153:. 8127:. 8109:2 8092:. 8067:. 8034:. 8017:2 8000:. 7975:. 7953:. 7941:2 7927:. 7905:. 7880:. 7854:. 7818:. 7756:. 7730:. 7679:. 7634:. 7608:. 7577:. 7555:. 7529:. 7489:. 7463:. 7427:. 7401:. 7375:. 7353:. 7331:. 7309:. 7287:. 7265:. 7239:. 7192:. 7166:. 7140:. 7115:. 7090:. 7057:. 7035:. 7013:. 6991:. 6972:. 6952:. 6930:. 6908:. 6886:. 6864:. 6839:. 6817:. 6795:. 6770:. 6745:. 6720:. 6702:. 6688:. 6671:. 6644:. 6622:. 6599:. 6585:. 6559:. 6533:. 6397:2 6286:. 6279:. 6268:. 6137:. 6081:. 5934:) 5930:( 5924:. 5897:2 5892:2 5870:a 5864:0 5861:M 5855:M 5850:) 5848:0 5845:M 5843:- 5841:M 5837:a 5833:0 5830:E 5826:E 5820:0 5817:E 5811:E 5797:2 5792:2 5785:2 5771:2 5749:2 5738:2 5725:2 5721:2 5717:2 5709:2 5699:2 5684:2 5664:2 5634:x 5617:× 5615:6 5609:x 5589:x 5576:x 5559:x 5535:x 5497:x 5477:x 5468:x 5459:x 5450:x 5380:) 5376:( 5370:. 5240:x 5066:x 5042:3 5030:) 5024:( 5019:) 5015:( 5011:. 4997:. 4912:3 4906:3 4900:3 4896:3 4858:× 4856:6 4819:× 4817:8 4497:4 4490:2 4488:N 4478:3 4470:x 4417:) 4411:( 4406:) 4402:( 4398:. 4384:. 4314:× 4312:6 4276:× 4274:6 4238:× 4236:6 4200:× 4198:6 4162:× 4160:6 3927:× 3925:6 3889:× 3887:6 3851:× 3849:6 3813:× 3811:6 3775:× 3773:6 3737:× 3735:6 3528:x 3517:x 3488:2 3484:1 3427:× 3425:6 3389:× 3387:6 3351:× 3349:6 3313:× 3311:6 3275:× 3273:6 3040:× 3038:6 3002:× 3000:6 2964:× 2962:6 2926:× 2924:6 2888:× 2886:6 2850:× 2848:6 2641:x 2630:x 2601:1 2548:× 2546:6 2510:× 2508:6 2472:× 2470:6 2434:× 2432:6 2396:× 2394:6 2161:× 2159:6 2123:× 2121:6 2085:× 2083:6 2047:× 2045:6 2009:× 2007:6 1971:× 1969:6 1762:x 1751:x 1722:1 1556:x 1513:× 1511:6 1452:1 1450:N 1426:× 1424:6 1382:× 1380:6 1338:× 1336:6 1294:× 1292:6 1250:× 1248:6 973:× 971:6 932:× 930:6 888:× 886:6 844:× 842:6 800:× 798:6 756:× 754:6 503:x 497:+ 487:x 476:3 415:x 293:) 289:( 283:. 203:x 188:) 182:( 177:) 173:( 163:· 156:· 149:· 142:· 115:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.