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organizations that sought to halt the madness. The fascists believed this would destroy not only their opponents today, but also the leaders of tomorrow. This is the basis of the Nazi theory of chaos till their demise. This terrible threat, and the ruthless willingness to continue on till Europe has sunk into rubble and ash, works like a morbid solution on the masses of Europe. It is true that Hitler has thrown untold numbers of the best and bravest political fighters into concentration camps; and true that he has broken all the old political organizations, and sought to choke any new attempt before its first breath. But one thing has eluded him, he cannot annhiliate the old and eternal, free and democratic ideas which were born in the big
40:
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Gestapo arrested every single person
Hatschek had named, big and small. After weeks of interrogation, sometimes brutal, they arrested the core group of the forced laborers working with Žadkevič. By the end, they had over 40 members of the EU; the number of forced laborers arrested, but not brought before a court, is unknown. The Jews being hidden by the EU were sent to Auschwitz, where about half of them were killed.
259:-based resistance group was founded in 1939. Founding members, Robert Havemann, a chemist and Georg Groscurth, a doctor, met each other at the beginning of the 1930s. Rentsch, a dentist, met Groscurth in 1934. Richter, an architect, was Richter's neighbor. They became friends not because of politics, but because of common interests. They were intellectual, free spirits and came to their political views independently.
297:. It was an international organization organized as a network of smaller groups of individual resistance fighters. They weren't trying to bring down the Nazi regime themselves, which they expected to collapse of its own, rather they worked to create a political structure that could step in, which would be necessary when the
399:. Of those, 15 were sentenced to death and 13 were executed. Two died while being interrogated. Havemann survived because his execution kept being postponed, due to intervention from the biochemists he had earlier worked with. His execution was postponed often enough that he was eventually freed by the
446:
and in time, became a leading dissident in the GDR. The SED government was in possession of all the documents relating to the Nazi's investigation of the EU and kept them under lock and key, hoping to ruin
Havemann's reputation by finding evidence of betrayal of his comrades. They never found any.
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had been under heavy surveillance for years. In 1943, the
Gestapo observed Hatschek meeting two parachute landings. After they had enough information from their investigations, they arrested Hatschek on September 3, 1943, subjecting him to intensive interrogation that same day. Two days later, the
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In
Germany and countries occupied by Hitler, many anti-fascist groups are today still working without connections. Many valuable and skilled political people are still isolated. They're all striving for agreement. This agreement can today only be realized with the elimination of all ideological,
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In the meantime, the group produced anti-Nazi leaflets and hid Jews and others hunted by the Nazi regime and supplied them with new identification papers, food and information. Many members were already hiding Jews before 1939, feeding and taking care of them and saving them from deportation to
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We are on the eve of collapse of
European fascism, which has, with brute force, destroyed every intellectual and revolutionary organization and endeavor. The fascists, who have raged in Germany for more than a decade, have now also, in all the countries of Europe, crushed all the liberal
511:, dedicated a memorial plaque for Paul Rentsch and Herbert Richter "to commemorate the Richter couple and Rentch, who hid Jews Elisabeth von Scheven, and to remember the crimes that claimed these victims, which began in Diensdorf with the arrest by the Gestapo in the spring of 1943."
309:. Starting in 1942, they also helped foreign forced laborers. In addition, they stayed in contact with several other groups and individuals, through the various contacts of the core members of the group. The EU eventually numbered about 50 people and included many forced laborers from
262:
Three of the four core members of the EU had direct contact with high-level Nazis. When war broke out, both
Havemann and Groscurth tried to extend their work in such a way that they wouldn't be called upon to serve in the military. They took on projects from the
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275:. He was already interested in the Communist Party and the information he learned from his personal contact with Göring filled him with hate for the Nazis and only pushed him further toward the idea of resistance. Groscurth, a doctor, had both
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267:, biochemical research that was to put Germany in position to use chemical weapons, but neither they nor other scientists were terribly ambitious about the nominal goal. The architect, Richter, received contracts from the
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In his farewell letter to his wife, written half an hour before his execution, Groscurth wrote, "Dwell on this, that we're dying for a better future, for a life without man's hatred for man."
321:, making it an international group with a larger perimeter than the Gestapo investigations reveal. This is underscored by the fact that even as the EU was brought down by the wave of arrests,
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era. As former Nazis returned to their old jobs, they made her life difficult. She was unable to get a passport until the 1960s, out of fear of what she might say about
Germany while abroad.
700:("Double Loss: how the family of a resistance fighter lost their property") Official website of rbb (Television station Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg). (May 30, 2007) Retrieved March 18, 2010
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of Europe! The number of those who have escaped the
Gestapo seem to many to be few, but there are more trained fighters than Hitler suspects. And these revolutionaries were not idle.
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Without overcoming the nationalist, private capitalist and imperialist structure of modern Europe, the present victims and the nameless misery of the masses will again be in vain.
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dogmatic and religious prejudice. Today, we have no time for such discussions, which mean nothing to the practical political work. The goal is the overthrow of fascism in Europe.
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Further in
Leaflet No. 35, the EU described their vision of European socialism. They defined what it did and did not mean. "...socialism does not mean the eradication of the
471:. They were even denied or experienced delays receiving money that would normally have been due, such as pension and death benefits or the return of property after the war.
1049:. (The Evidence of Betrayal Refuses to Surface. Robert Havemann and the Resistance Group, European Union") German National Archive, Cologne (1999), p. 899–912
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Miron Broser (b. 20 December 1891 in Tula, Russia), translator, sentenced to two years in prison, liberated by U.S. troops; last known translation into German, 1949
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Annelise
Groscurth also experienced difficulties. In 1951, she was let go from her job as a doctor, also for political reasons. She spoke out against the
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Nikolai Savitsch Romanenko (1 May 1911 - 30 October 1944), technician, from the USSR, Kherson region, s. Blakitne. Executed in Brandenburg-Görden Prison.
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Hitler's resettlement operations and the abduction of foreign workers to Germany in huge masses have prepared the ground for a pan-European solution.
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photos of Galina Romanova and Elli Hatschek; farewell letter from Krista Lavickova, sentence document, execution document. Retrieved March 18, 2010
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The EU wrote a number of leaflets, some with general political messages, others directed to their own group. Below, are excerpts from two leaflets.
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In 2006, five members of the EU, Anneliese and Georg Groscurth, Robert Havemann, Paul Rentsch and Herbert Richter were awarded the title, "
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Robert Havemann und die Widerstandsgruppe „Europäische Union". Eine Darstellung der Ereignisse und deren Interpretation nach 1945
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365:, elimination of private interests from politics and economy," and a "liberation of the individual from economic paternalism."
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On 7 April 1995, Georg Groscurth was honored with a memorial plaque at the hospital where he had worked, Moabiter Krankenhaus.
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of Germany and although she was not a member of any political party, she was defamed as a Communist, a severe charge in the
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Elisabeth von Scheven was deported to Auschwitz after her arrest, but survived and was able to emigrate to the US in 1945.
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This article is about the German resistance group. For the economic and political union of European countries, see
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Document detailing sentences, including death, of EU members, none of whom were German. Retrieved March 18, 2010
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1140:. Photo of Georg Groscurth and friends, spring 1943; and original EU political flyers. Retrieved March 18, 2010
879:"Die Verlegenheit vor den Guten - Georg und Anneliese Groscurth, Robert Havemann, Paul Rentsch, Herbert Richter"
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Der Beweis eines Verrats läßt sich nicht erbringen. Robert Havemann und die Widerstandsgruppe Europäische Union
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Excerpt from No. flyer. 35, The Executive Committee of the Central Committee of the European Union, July 1943
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The European Union (EU) stood for the restoration of democratic rights and freedoms and a united, free and
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Der vergessene Widerstand — zu Realgeschichte und Wahrnehmung des Kampfes gegen die NS-Diktatur
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1062:. (Literary portrayal of the lives of Anneliese and Georg Groscurth) Rowohlt, Reinbek (2006)
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Robert Havemann Gesellschaft. Akademie Verlag (2007), p. 271. Retrieved August 15, 2011
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Vladimir Boisselier (19 September 1907 - 30 October 1944), electrician, Moscow-born Frenchman
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On 23 August 2001, the city legislature of Arolsen decided to name a street after Groscurth.
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After the war, the story of the EU was widely heralded by the communist government of the
403:. Groscurth, Herbert Richter (also known as Richter-Luckian) and Rentsch were executed at
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591:(also spelled Shadkevitsch or Zadkievicz; 3 August 1910 - 30 October 1944) chemist, Czech
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557:(15 December 1917 - 11 August 1944), née Hatschek, daughter of Paul Hatschek, secretary
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James Frichot (b. 2 March 1918 in Boulogne (Seine)), electrician, French, released
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Official website, German resistance memorial center. Retrieved March 18, 2010
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Robert Havemann Bibliographie: mit unveröffentlichten Texten aus dem Nachlass
972:"Das Gedenken an den Wiederstandskämpfer – Dr. Georg Groscurth aus Unterhaun"
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Robert Havemann Bibliographie: mit unveröffentlichten Texten aus dem Nachlass
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Alexander Westermayer (29 October 1894 in Goslar - 19 June 1944), carpenter
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Bad Hersfeld (October 2007) No. 10, Vol. 46. Retrieved March 18, 2010
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on May 8, 1944. Other group members were indicted before other courts.
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was able to keep working with the forced laborers for another month.
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Mein Heimatland — Zeitschrift für Geschichte, Volks- und Heimatkunde
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Bernd Florath. "Die Europäische Union," essay in Johannes Tuchel,
830:("Answer of the CC of the EU an all antifascists") Summer 1943
1147:"Das Urteil gegen Gruppenmitglieder, die keine Deutschen waren"
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Address given at the Israeli Embassy, June 19, 2006 for the
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The world of tomorrow will have a united, socialist Europe."
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German Resistance Memorial Center. Retrieved March 18, 2010
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ceremony honoring the leaders of the EU with the title of "
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section of Berlin was renamed for the Groscurth couple.
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Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps
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Original EU political flyers. Retrieved March 18, 2010
904:("Square named after Anneliese and Georg Groscurth").
658:"Israel honours memory of anti-Nazi 'European Union'"
1163:"Die Europäische Union" (click to enlarge documents)
628:(b. 1 June 1917 in Paris), chemist, French, released
1022:Simone Hannemann, Werner Theuer and Manfred Wilke.
422:(GDR), and Havemann became a representative in the
902:"Platz nach Anneliese und Georg Groscurth benannt"
599:Heinz Schlag (b. 23 October 1908; d. 1961), doctor
947:Book review of four books on the politics of the
660:Reuters (June 20, 2006) Retrieved March 17, 2010
548:(2 July 1901 - 8 December 1944), second wife of
467:(reparations payments), as mandated by the 1949
1026:. Robert-Havemann-Gesellschaft, Berlin. (2001)
622:(1912–2008), journalist and publisher, released
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563:(11 March 1888 - 15 May 1944), engineer, Czech
539:(Charente); d. 30 October 1944), electrician,
927:("The dissident who came out from the cold")
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908:(August 12, 2006). Retrieved March 19, 2010
828:Antwort des ZK der EU an alle Antifaschisten
931:(March 10, 2010). Retrieved March 18, 2010
672:'s activity to save Jews' lives during the
569:(1903–1944), executed at Brandenburg Prison
786:("Late Honor for the selfless Lifesaver")
395:There were more than 12 trials before the
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995:(June 10, 2008) Retrieved March 17, 2010
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727:, pp. 114-139. (2001) Wallstein Verlag.
523:Members of the group who were executed:
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784:"Späte Ehre für die selbstlosen Retter"
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634:(1879–1966), philologist and theologian
434:" revealing the purges and mistakes of
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925:"Der Dissident der aus der Kälte kam"
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1131:Originaldokumente (click to enlarge)
205:[ˌɔɪ̯.ʁo.ˈpɛː.ɪʃəʔu.ˈni̯oːn]
990:"Yad Vashem ehrt Europäische Union"
16:German antifascist resistance group
1203:German Righteous Among the Nations
1112:Brief biography of Herbert Richter
1106:Brief biography of Georg Groscurth
1100:Brief biography of Robert Havemann
1008:Short biography of Galina Romanova
532:(1899–1945), executed at Auschwitz
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859:Werner Theuer and Bernd Florath,
567:Kurt Müller (resistance fighter)
535:Jean Cochon (b. 29 July 1916 in
530:Walter Caro (resistance fighter)
414:Postwar politics and suppression
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582:, executed at Berlin-Plötzensee
475:Memorials and posthumous awards
239:. Other important members were
953:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
500:Also in 2006, a square in the
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596:Not executed due to illness:
1079:Akademie Verlag GmbH (2007)
889:". Retrieved March 18, 2010
877:Friedrich Christian Delius.
507:On 15 May 2008, the city of
301:-regime finally fell apart.
1060:Mein Jahr als Mörder. Roman
887:Righteous Among the Nations
487:Righteous among the Nations
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1118:Plötzensee Memorial Center
1108:. Retrieved March 18, 2010
1102:. Retrieved March 18, 2010
1056:Friedrich Christian Delius
578:(1918–1944), doctor, from
426:. However, in 1956, after
420:German Democratic Republic
383:The EU was stopped by the
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1193:German resistance members
461:EU survivors were denied
405:Brandenburg-Görden Prison
759:("Late Reconciliation")
469:German Restitution Laws
329:Excerpts from EU flyers
1114:. Retrieved 2013-05-19
955:(Feb. 20, 2002), p. 8
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251:Activity and purpose
1045:and Werner Theuer.
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489:" from the Israeli
444:Humboldt University
323:Konstantin Žadkevič
307:concentration camps
1168:2016-03-04 at the
1152:2010-10-07 at the
1136:2007-09-27 at the
1123:2017-05-02 at the
945:"Arbeit am Mythos"
808:2007-09-27 at the
763:(August 10, 2006)
757:"Späte Versöhnung"
65:Seven Laws of Noah
1085:978-3-05-004183-4
803:Originaldokumente
733:978-3-89244-943-0
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1178:(in German)
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424:Volkskammer
359:bourgeoisie
340:Revolutions
277:Rudolf Hess
218:antifascist
1187:Categories
993:Morgenpost
883:Yad Vashem
678:Yad Vashem
641:References
541:Résistance
495:Yad Vashem
493:memorial,
452:rearmament
430:made his "
221:resistance
113:Lithuanian
79:By country
70:Yad Vashem
674:Holocaust
491:Holocaust
288:socialist
229:Anneliese
223:group in
216:) was an
187:‹See Tfd›
143:Ukrainian
118:Norwegian
108:Hungarian
30:Righteous
1166:Archived
1150:Archived
1134:Archived
1121:Archived
929:Die Welt
906:Die Welt
806:Archived
456:Cold War
401:Red Army
363:Marxists
133:Romanian
93:Croatian
88:Austrian
1174:Gestapo
680:website
580:Ukraine
502:Westend
385:Gestapo
311:Ukraine
138:Serbian
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319:France
299:Hitler
291:Europe
257:Berlin
191:German
123:Polish
103:German
676:, at
98:Czech
1081:ISBN
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317:and
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127:list
949:GDR
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