56:
74:
31:
342:
began to fall, and it became extinct across
Eurasia between 450– 400 thousand years ago. Between 400–300 thousand years ago, the dhole and the wolf were still similar in size, but the wolf was slowly getting bigger. Between 300–250 thousand years ago, the wolf took over the dominant niche which had
432:
Ripoll, Manuel Pérez; Morales Pérez, Juan V.; Sanchis Serra, Alfred; Aura
Tortosa, J. Emili; Montañana, Inocencio Sarrión (March 2010). "Presence of the genus Cuon in upper Pleistocene and initial Holocene sites of the Iberian Peninsula: new remains identified in archaeological contexts of the
460:
Marciszak, Adrian; Kropczyk, Aleksandra; Lipecki, Grzegorz (2021). "The first record of Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) from Poland and the possible impact of other large canids on the evolution of the species".
252:, having transformed its lower molar tooth into a single cusped slicer. It was virtually indistinguishable from its modern counterpart, save for its greater size, which closely approached that of the
522:
55:
385:
1702:
1697:
515:
1687:
1682:
1692:
1606:
1577:
508:
248:. Like the modern Asiatic populations, it was a more progressive form than other prehistoric members of the genus
408:
204:
1507:
73:
1622:
1547:
1497:
1039:
185:
1654:
1029:
1019:
1447:
1347:
1193:
470:
351:
then decreased in body size and adapted to hunting and living in forests, highlands, and mountains.
1337:
1183:
1059:
338:
coexisted in all of these environments. Between 480–430 thousand years ago the number and range of
303:
39:
1487:
1422:
1218:
1082:
1049:
486:
334:
241:
68:
1659:
1567:
1467:
1457:
1367:
1237:
307:
1707:
1397:
1092:
478:
442:
400:
280:
245:
1253:
1102:
658:
607:
225:
500:
474:
30:
1387:
1377:
1357:
1113:
813:
593:
237:
233:
1676:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1477:
901:
865:
847:
792:
490:
1158:
1122:
820:
747:
738:
693:
637:
159:
1645:
994:
915:
892:
806:
765:
706:
679:
651:
616:
386:"The Middle-Late Pleistocene Cuon Hodgson, 1838 (Carnivora, Canidae) from Italy"
322:
Between 650–450 thousand years ago in Europe, the open lands were dominated by
271:
to be identified in Europe during the Middle
Pleistocene. This was followed by
1557:
1409:
929:
838:
827:
799:
665:
630:
571:
531:
446:
291:
Colbert & Hooijer 1953 was active in the Middle
Pleistocene of China, and
1273:
1170:
1148:
974:
964:
908:
881:
874:
854:
785:
778:
754:
727:
720:
713:
672:
644:
565:
125:
85:
1639:
1434:
1283:
1205:
1138:
984:
623:
559:
553:
404:
324:
311:
296:
105:
43:
1006:
948:
922:
535:
135:
1263:
1070:
547:
482:
115:
95:
1616:
302:
The
European dhole became extinct in much of Europe during the late
1320:
1295:
332:
preferred forests, highlands, and mountains. The early small wolf
229:
145:
47:
253:
1620:
504:
384:
Petrucci, Mauro; Romiti, Serena; Sardella, Raffaele (2012).
295:
Baryshnikov 1996 was active in the Late
Pleistocene of the
16:
Middle and Late
Pleistocene paleosubspecies of the dhole
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1443:
1418:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1304:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1214:
1189:
1179:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
990:
980:
970:
960:
690:
604:
589:
172:
1629:
1432:
1407:
1318:
1293:
1236:
1203:
1168:
1121:
1112:
1069:
1004:
947:
891:
864:
837:
764:
737:
689:
603:
580:
393:Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana
516:
8:
366:
364:
285:C. a. priscus→C. a. fossilis→C. a. europaeus
306:period, though it may have survived in the
267:Thenius 1954 was the first member of genus
1617:
1326:
1242:
1233:
1127:
1118:
953:
770:
698:
523:
509:
501:
54:
29:
20:
360:
279:Bourguignat 1868 during the Middle and
42:period from Cova del Parpalló, Gandía,
374:, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 111-114
38:Skeletal remains dating back to upper
7:
347:. Due to competition with the wolf,
232:, which ranged throughout much of
14:
435:Journal of Archaeological Science
72:
283:. The descent is thought to be
1:
1703:Fossil taxa described in 1868
1698:Prehistoric mammals of Europe
463:Journal of Quaternary Science
372:Pleistocene mammals of Europe
1724:
1603:
1329:
1245:
1130:
956:
773:
701:
542:
447:10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.008
191:
184:
69:Scientific classification
67:
62:
53:
37:
28:
23:
1688:Pleistocene extinctions
1683:Pleistocene carnivorans
433:Mediterranean region".
293:Cuon alpinus caucasicus
1631:Cuon alpinus europaeus
534:members of the family
370:Kurtén, Björn (1968),
343:once been occupied by
277:Cuon alpinus europaeus
221:Cuon alpinus europaeus
198:Cuon alpinus europaeus
1655:Paleobiology Database
289:Cuon alpinus antiquus
273:Cuon alpinus fossilis
1309:C. alpinus europaeus
405:10.4435/BSPI.2012.15
330:Cuon alpinus priscus
265:Cuon alpinus priscus
177:C. a. europaeus
1693:Prehistoric canines
1548:C. l. mogollonensis
475:2021JQS....36.1101M
275:Nehring 1890, then
1558:C. l. monstrabilis
335:Canis mosbachensis
325:Lycaon lycaonoides
1670:
1669:
1623:Taxon identifiers
1614:
1613:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1518:C. l. griseoalbus
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
943:
942:
939:
938:
308:Iberian Peninsula
287:. In comparison,
212:
211:
63:Life restoration
1715:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1618:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1538:C. l. hodophilax
1535:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1488:C. l. floridanus
1485:
1478:C. l. cristaldii
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1420:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1338:C. apolloniensis
1335:
1327:
1306:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1243:
1234:
1216:
1191:
1181:
1156:
1146:
1136:
1128:
1119:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
992:
982:
972:
962:
954:
771:
699:
692:
606:
591:
525:
518:
511:
502:
495:
494:
483:10.1002/jqs.3340
469:(6): 1101–1121.
457:
451:
450:
429:
423:
422:
420:
419:
413:
407:. Archived from
390:
381:
375:
368:
310:until the early
281:Late Pleistocene
246:Late Pleistocene
200:
196:
174:
77:
76:
58:
33:
21:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1583:
1458:C. l. beothucus
1428:
1403:
1314:
1289:
1224:
1199:
1194:L. ensenadensis
1164:
1108:
1065:
1040:U. minicephalus
1000:
935:
887:
860:
833:
760:
733:
685:
659:Paraenhydrocyon
608:Hesperocyoninae
599:
576:
538:
529:
499:
498:
459:
458:
454:
431:
430:
426:
417:
415:
411:
388:
383:
382:
378:
369:
362:
357:
320:
262:
226:paleosubspecies
208:
202:
194:
193:
180:
163:
160:C. alpinus
71:
24:European dhole
17:
12:
11:
5:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1651:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1508:C. l. gregoryi
1501:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1468:C. l. bernardi
1461:
1451:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1368:C. cedazoensis
1361:
1351:
1348:C. armbrusteri
1341:
1330:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1187:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1083:V. qiuzhudingi
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1012:
1010:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
988:
978:
968:
957:
951:
945:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
897:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
878:
870:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
851:
843:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
824:
817:
814:Microtomarctus
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
774:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
751:
743:
741:
735:
734:
732:
731:
724:
717:
710:
702:
696:
687:
686:
684:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
634:
627:
620:
612:
610:
601:
600:
598:
597:
594:Prohesperocyon
586:
584:
582:incertae sedis
578:
577:
575:
574:
568:
562:
556:
550:
543:
540:
539:
530:
528:
527:
520:
513:
505:
497:
496:
452:
441:(3): 437–450.
424:
376:
359:
358:
356:
353:
345:L. lycaonoides
340:L. lycaonoides
319:
316:
261:
258:
238:Central Europe
216:European dhole
210:
209:
203:
189:
188:
186:Trinomial name
182:
181:
171:
169:
165:
164:
157:
155:
151:
150:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
65:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1720:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1568:C. l. nubilus
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1423:C. l. orcutti
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1398:C. lepophagus
1392:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1184:L. cultridens
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1050:U. progressus
1044:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
997:
996:
989:
987:
986:
979:
977:
976:
969:
967:
966:
959:
958:
955:
952:
950:
946:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
902:Paratomarctus
899:
898:
896:
894:
890:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
871:
869:
867:
866:Aelurodontina
863:
857:
856:
852:
850:
849:
848:Paracynarctus
845:
844:
842:
840:
836:
830:
829:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
815:
811:
809:
808:
804:
802:
801:
797:
795:
794:
793:Metatomarctus
790:
788:
787:
783:
781:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
767:
763:
757:
756:
752:
750:
749:
745:
744:
742:
740:
736:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
695:
688:
682:
681:
677:
675:
674:
670:
668:
667:
663:
661:
660:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
632:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:
614:
613:
611:
609:
602:
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595:
588:
587:
585:
583:
579:
573:
569:
567:
563:
561:
557:
555:
551:
549:
545:
544:
541:
537:
533:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
507:
506:
503:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
453:
448:
444:
440:
436:
428:
425:
414:on 2021-09-19
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
380:
377:
373:
367:
365:
361:
354:
352:
350:
346:
341:
337:
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140:
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134:
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130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
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110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
75:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1630:
1605:
1578:C. l. youngi
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1528:C. l. hattai
1526:
1516:
1506:
1498:C. l. fuscus
1496:
1486:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1446:
1433:
1421:
1408:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1319:
1308:
1307:
1294:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1219:S. pacivorus
1217:
1204:
1192:
1182:
1169:
1159:Theriodictis
1157:
1147:
1137:
1123:Cerdocyonina
1101:
1093:V. riffautae
1091:
1081:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1018:
1005:
993:
983:
973:
963:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
880:
873:
853:
846:
826:
821:Protomarctus
819:
812:
805:
798:
791:
784:
777:
753:
748:Cynarctoides
746:
739:Phlaocyonini
726:
719:
712:
705:
694:Borophaginae
678:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
638:Sunkahetanka
636:
629:
622:
615:
592:
581:
466:
462:
455:
438:
434:
427:
416:. Retrieved
409:the original
396:
392:
379:
371:
348:
344:
339:
333:
329:
323:
321:
301:
292:
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
249:
220:
219:
215:
213:
197:
192:
176:
175:
168:Subspecies:
158:
146:
18:
1448:C. l. alces
1388:C. etruscus
1378:C. edwardii
1358:C. arnensis
1254:Cynotherium
1103:V. skinneri
1030:U. galushai
1020:U. citrinus
995:Prototocyon
916:Protepicyon
893:Borophagina
807:Psalidocyon
766:Borophagini
707:Archaeocyon
680:Ectopocynus
652:Enhydrocyon
617:Hesperocyon
318:Competition
240:during the
205:Bourguignat
1677:Categories
1410:C. latrans
930:Borophagus
839:Cynarctina
828:Tephrocyon
800:Euoplocyon
666:Osbornodon
631:Cynodesmus
572:Caniformia
570:Suborder:
418:2015-01-06
399:(2): 146.
355:References
349:C. alpinus
1646:Q18926249
1171:Lycalopex
1149:Protocyon
975:Metalopex
965:Leptocyon
909:Carpocyon
882:Aelurodon
875:Tomarctus
855:Cynarctus
786:Desmocyon
779:Cormocyon
755:Phlaocyon
728:Rhizocyon
721:Otarocyon
714:Oxetocyon
673:Caedocyon
645:Philotrox
566:Carnivora
546:Kingdom:
491:237776346
254:gray wolf
154:Species:
126:Carnivora
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
1640:Wikidata
1607:Category
1435:C. lupus
1284:Xenocyon
1274:Aenocyon
1206:Speothos
1139:Dusicyon
1060:U. webbi
985:Nurocyon
624:Mesocyon
560:Mammalia
554:Chordata
552:Phylum:
548:Animalia
328:, while
312:Holocene
297:Caucasus
224:) was a
132:Family:
116:Mammalia
106:Chordata
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
44:Valencia
1708:Canines
1007:Urocyon
949:Caninae
923:Epicyon
564:Order:
558:Class:
536:Canidae
532:Extinct
471:Bibcode
260:Lineage
234:Western
228:of the
195:†
142:Genus:
136:Canidae
122:Order:
112:Class:
1660:476462
1264:Eucyon
1238:Canina
1114:Canini
1071:Vulpes
489:
242:Middle
207:, 1868
1321:Canis
487:S2CID
412:(PDF)
389:(PDF)
230:dhole
48:Spain
1296:Cuon
304:Würm
269:Cuon
250:Cuon
244:and
236:and
214:The
147:Cuon
40:Würm
479:doi
443:doi
401:doi
1679::
1657::
1642::
485:.
477:.
467:36
465:.
439:37
437:.
397:51
395:.
391:.
363:^
314:.
299:.
256:.
46:,
1574:†
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1280:†
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1180:†
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991:†
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605:†
590:†
524:e
517:t
510:v
493:.
481::
473::
449:.
445::
421:.
403::
218:(
173:†
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