1083:. This modality is suitable for most patients, although some prefer to use it mainly for older patients. Indications for radioiodine are failed medical therapy or surgery and where medical or surgical therapy are contraindicated. Hypothyroidism may be a complication of this therapy, but may be treated with thyroid hormones if it appears. The rationale for radioactive iodine is that it accumulates in the thyroid and irradiates the gland with its beta and gamma radiations, about 90% of the total radiation being emitted by the beta (electron) particles. The most common method of iodine-131 treatment is to administer a specified amount in microcuries per gram of thyroid gland based on palpation or radiodiagnostic imaging of the gland over 24 hours. Patients who receive the therapy must be monitored regularly with thyroid blood tests to ensure they are treated with thyroid hormone before they become symptomatically hypothyroid.
626:
772:). Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland and is of the diffuse type (i.e., spread throughout the gland). Diffuse goiter may be seen with other causes of hyperthyroidism, although Graves' disease is the most common cause of diffuse goiter. A large goiter will be visible to the naked eye, but a small one (mild enlargement of the gland) may be detectable only by physical examination. Occasionally, goiter is not clinically detectable, but may be seen only with
1225:
1164:(Needle biopsies are not so accurate at predicting a benign state of the thyroid). No further treatment of the thyroid is required, unless cancer is detected. Radioiodine uptake study may be done after surgery, to ensure all remaining (potentially cancerous) thyroid cells (i.e., near the nerves to the vocal cords) are destroyed. Besides this, the only remaining treatment will be
53:
3800:
954:(surgical excision of the gland). As operating on a hyperthyroid patient is dangerous, prior to thyroidectomy, preoperative treatment with antithyroid drugs is given to render the patient euthyroid. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages, and no single treatment approach is considered the best for everyone.
966:. Side effects of the antithyroid medications include a potentially fatal reduction in the level of white blood cells. Therapy with radioiodine is the most common treatment in the United States, while antithyroid drugs and/or thyroidectomy are used more often in Europe, Japan, and most of the rest of the world.
1295:. Early reports, not widely circulated, of cases of goiter with exophthalmos were published by the Italians Giuseppe Flajani and Antonio Giuseppe Testa, in 1802 and 1810, respectively. Prior to these, Caleb Hillier Parry, a notable provincial physician in England of the late 18th century (and a friend of
1216:
night, dryness will occur â with the risk of a secondary corneal infection, which could lead to blindness. Pressure on the optic nerve behind the globe can lead to visual field defects and vision loss, as well. Prolonged untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to bone loss, which may resolve when treated.
1163:
after complete thyroidectomy. Risks related to anesthesia are many, thus coordination with the anesthesiologist and patient optimization for surgery preoperatively are essential. Removal of the gland enables complete biopsy to be performed to have definite evidence of cancer anywhere in the thyroid.
780:
examination of the thyroid. Another sign of Graves' disease is hyperthyroidism, that is, overproduction of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Normal thyroid levels are also seen, and occasionally also hypothyroidism, which may assist in causing goiter (though it is not the cause of the Graves' disease).
616:
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins recognize and bind to the TSH receptor, which stimulates the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine receptors in the pituitary gland are activated by the surplus hormone, suppressing additional release of TSH in a negative feedback loop.
379:
Graves disease develops in about 0.5% of males and 3.0% of females. It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men. Often, it starts between the ages of 40 and 60, but can begin at any age. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases). The
1190:
For management of clinically active Graves disease, orbitopathy (clinical activity score >2) with at least mild to moderate severity, intravenous glucocorticoids are the treatment of choice, usually administered in the form of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone. Studies have consistently shown
1236:
Graves' disease occurs in about 0.5% of people. Graves' disease data has shown that the lifetime risk for women is around 3% and 0.5% for men. It occurs about 7.5 times more often in women than in men and often starts between the ages of 40 and 60. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in
1179:
Mild cases are treated with lubricant eye drops or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Severe cases threatening vision (corneal exposure or optic nerve compression) are treated with steroids or orbital decompression. In all cases, cessation of smoking is essential. Double vision can be corrected
1116:
This modality is suitable for young people and pregnant females. Indications for thyroidectomy can be separated into absolute indications or relative indications. These indications aid in deciding which people would benefit most from surgery. The absolute indications are a large goiter (especially
957:
Treatment with antithyroid medications must be administered for six months to two years to be effective. Even then, upon cessation of the drugs, the hyperthyroid state may recur. The risk of recurrence is about 40â50%, and lifelong treatment with antithyroid drugs carries some side effects such as
1215:
event). Graves' disease is often accompanied by an increase in heart rate, which may lead to further heart complications, including loss of the normal heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation), which may lead to stroke. If the eyes are proptotic (bulging) enough that the lids do not close completely at
3808:
1097:
Disadvantages of this treatment are a high incidence of hypothyroidism (up to 80%) requiring eventual thyroid hormone supplementation in the form of a daily pill(s). The radioiodine treatment acts slowly (over months to years) to destroy the thyroid gland, and Graves' diseaseâassociated
672:
The infiltrative exophthalmos frequently encountered has been explained by postulating that the thyroid gland and the extraocular muscles share a common antigen, which is recognized by the antibodies. Antibodies binding to the extraocular muscles would cause swelling behind the eyeball.
399:
1125:(to pathologically examine the thyroid), and people with ophthalmopathy and additionally if it is the person's preferred method of treatment or if refusing to undergo radioactive iodine treatment. Pregnancy is advised to be delayed for six months after radioactive iodine treatment.
2992:
Limongi, Roberto
Murillo; FeijĂł, Eduardo Damous; Rodrigues Lopes E Silva, Marlos; Akaishi, PatrĂcia; Velasco E Cruz, AntĂŽnio Augusto; Christian Pieroni-Gonçalves, Allan; Pereira, Filipe; Devoto, Martin; Bernardini, Francesco; Marques, Victor; Tao, Jeremiah P. (February 2020).
1035:
No difference in outcome was shown for adding thyroxine to antithyroid medication and continuing thyroxine versus placebo after antithyroid medication withdrawal. However, two markers were found that can help predict the risk of recurrence. These two markers are a positive
668:
of the thyroid gland (the cells that produce thyroid hormone), and the result of chronic stimulation is an abnormally high production of T3 and T4. This, in turn, causes the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and the enlargement of the thyroid gland visible as goiter.
290:
The exact cause of the disease is unclear, but symptoms are a result of antibodies binding to receptors on the thyroid causing over-expression of thyroid hormone. Persons are more likely to be affected if they have a family member with the disease. If one
929:
Typically, the natural history of TAO follows Rundle's curve, which describes a rapid worsening during an initial phase, up to a peak of maximum severity, and then improvement to a static plateau without, however, resolving back to a normal condition.
873:, proptosis, venous congestion leading to chemosis and periorbital edema, and progressive remodeling of the orbital walls. Other distinctive features of TAO include lid retraction, restrictive myopathy, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, and
1159:. The increase in the risk of nerve injury can be due to the increased vascularity of the thyroid parenchyma and the development of links between the thyroid capsule and the surrounding tissues. Reportedly, a 1% incidence exists of permanent
4572:
4557:
4542:
4527:
506:
The exact cause is unclear, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While a theoretical mechanism occurs by which exposure to severe stressors and high levels of subsequent distress such as
1031:
testing single-dose treatment for Graves found methimazole achieved euthyroid state more effectively after 12 weeks than did propylthyouracil (77.1% on methimazole 15 mg vs 19.4% in the propylthiouracil 150 mg groups).
3613:
589:
bears structural similarity with the human thyrotropin receptor and was hypothesized to contribute to the development of thyroid autoimmunity arising for other reasons in genetically susceptible individuals. In the 1990s,
1186:
Orbital decompression can be performed to enable bulging eyes to retreat back into the head. Bone is removed from the skull behind the eyes, and space is made for the muscles and fatty tissue to fall back into the skull.
716:
Another effect of hyperthyroidism is bone loss from osteoporosis, caused by an increased excretion of calcium and phosphorus in the urine and stool. The effects can be minimized if the hyperthyroidism is treated early.
4466:
1268:
independently reported the same constellation of symptoms in 1840. As a result, on the
European continent, the terms "Basedow syndrome", "Basedow disease", or "Morbus Basedow" are more common than "Graves' disease".
3327:
1383:, American sprinter: A doctor considered amputating her feet after she developed blistering and swelling following radiation treatment for Graves' disease, but she went on to recover and win Olympic medals.
2747:"Effects of l-thyroxine administration, TSH-receptor antibodies and smoking on the risk of recurrence in Graves' hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs: a double-blind prospective randomized study"
2701:
Homsanit M, Sriussadaporn S, Vannasaeng S, Peerapatdit T, Nitiyanant W, Vichayanrat A (March 2001). "Efficacy of single daily dosage of methimazole vs. propylthiouracil in the induction of euthyroidism".
688:
these antibodies (mainly IgG) act as long-acting thyroid stimulants, activating the cells through a slower and more drawn out process compared to TSH, leading to an elevated production of thyroid hormone.
1559:
was an acclaimed
Australian poet whose work was not published until after his death from Graves' disease in 1943. However, Malley's existence and entire biography was actually later revealed to be a
1051:
98%), and a negative TSHR-Ab at the end of antithyroid drug treatment is associated with a 78% chance of remaining in remission. Smoking was shown to have an impact independent to a positive TSHR-Ab.
3858:
5079:
825:, as imaging and biochemical tests have improved. Measuring TSH-receptor antibodies with the h-TBII assay has been proven efficient and was the most practical approach found in one study.
2949:
Genovese BM, Noureldine SI, Gleeson EM, Tufano RP, Kandil E (February 2013). "What is the best definitive treatment for Graves' disease? A systematic review of the existing literature".
1471:
4241:
3930:
3778:
511:
could increase the risk of immune disease and cause an aggravation of the autoimmune response that leads to Graves disease, more robust clinical data are needed for a firm conclusion.
4183:
3603:
3646:
3050:"Efficacy and safety of low dose oral prednisolone as compared to pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in managing moderate severe Graves' orbitopathy: A randomized controlled trial"
1640:
1171:
A 2013 review article concludes that surgery appears to be the most successful in the management of Graves' disease, with total thyroidectomy being the preferred surgical option.
4458:
2666:
Stathopoulos P, Gangidi S, Kotrotsos G, Cunliffe D (June 2015). "Graves' disease: a review of surgical indications, management, and complications in a cohort of 59 patients".
4156:...in Mr. Monckton's speeches, he cites study after study which give the impression that either climate change is not happening, or if it is, we don't need to worry about it.
1279:
Less commonly, it has been known as Parry disease, Begbie disease, Flajan disease, FlajaniâBasedow syndrome, and Marsh disease. These names for the disease were derived from
2378:
Wallaschofski H, Kuwert T, Lohmann T (April 2004). "TSH-receptor autoantibodies - differentiation of hyperthyroidism between Graves' disease and toxic multinodular goitre".
4084:
984:
and nausea until antithyroid treatments start to take effect. Pure ÎČ-blockers do not inhibit lid retraction in the eyes, which is mediated by alpha adrenergic receptors.
1343:, Japanese singer, was diagnosed with Graves disease in 2007. After going public with her diagnosis in 2009, she took a two-year hiatus from music to focus on treatment.
376:
may temporarily help people, while other treatments are having effect. Surgery to remove the thyroid is another option. Eye problems may require additional treatments.
5558:
557:
295:
is affected, a 30% chance exists that the other twin will also have the disease. The onset of disease may be triggered by physical or emotional stress, infection, or
1191:
that pulse intravenous methylprednisolone is superior to oral glucocorticoids both in terms of efficacy and decreased side effects for managing Graves' orbitopathy.
5072:
1004:/PTU. These drugs block the binding of iodine and coupling of iodotyrosines. The most dangerous side effect is agranulocytosis (1/250, more in PTU). Others include
1349:, American educator and founder of the first publicly funded kindergarten in the United States, was forced to retire and seek treatment for Graves disease in 1884.
1098:
hyperthyroidism is not cured in all persons by radioiodine, but has a relapse rate that depends on the dose of radioiodine which is administered. In rare cases,
1080:
4320:
781:
Hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease is confirmed, as with any other cause of hyperthyroidism, by measuring elevated blood levels of free (unbound) T3 and T4.
676:
The "orange peel" skin has been explained by the infiltration of antibodies under the skin, causing an inflammatory reaction and subsequent fibrous plaques.
2462:
Feldon SE, Muramatsu S, Weiner JM (October 1984). "Clinical classification of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Identification of risk factors for optic neuropathy".
2192:"Increased prevalence of antibodies to enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica virulence proteins in relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease"
839:
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), or thyroid eye disease (TED), is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. It is a form of
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406:
The signs and symptoms of Graves disease virtually all result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with main exceptions being
4892:
752:
Fatigue (70%), weight loss (60%) with increased appetite in young people and poor appetite in the elderly, and other symptoms of hyperthyroidism/
721:
can also augment calcium levels in the blood by as much as 25%. This can cause stomach upset, excessive urination, and impaired kidney function.
5414:
784:
Other useful laboratory measurements in Graves disease include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, usually undetectable in Graves disease due to
4813:
4245:
3938:
3770:
3539:
3243:. (Clinical lectures.) London Medical and Surgical Journal (Renshaw), 1835; 7 (part 2): 516â517. Reprinted in Medical Classics, 1940;5:33â36.
3113:
2894:"Painful Radiation Thyroiditis after 131I Therapy for Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Features and Ultrasonographic Findings in Five Cases"
2319:
1910:
1572:
Agents that act as antagonists at thyroid stimulating hormone receptors are under investigation as a possible treatment for Graves' disease.
1060:
3636:
1648:
3119:
768:
Two signs are truly diagnostic of Graves' disease (i.e., not seen in other hyperthyroid conditions): exophthalmos and non-pitting edema (
4587:
1850:
2343:
Carnell NE, Valente WA (July 1998). "Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment".
2795:
1329:
865:
and hyaluronate, causes expansion of the orbital fat and muscle compartments, which within the confines of the bony orbit may lead to
4266:
5631:
5409:
4868:
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3888:
3236:
2299:
1844:
1012:. Patients on these medications should see a doctor if they develop sore throat or fever. The most common side effects are rash and
491:
3676:
307:, are more likely to be affected. Smoking increases the risk of disease and may worsen eye problems. The disorder results from an
5268:
4971:
4088:
1155:(which can be life-threatening if it compresses the trachea), relapse following medical treatment, infections (less common), and
5404:
5450:
5312:
3133:
CarlĂ©, Allan; Pedersen, Inge BĂŒlow; Knudsen, Nils; Perrild, Hans; Ovesen, Lars; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Laurberg, Peter (2011).
1926:
Bunevicius R, Prange AJ (2006). "Psychiatric manifestations of Graves hyperthyroidism: pathophysiology and treatment options".
5307:
3757:
Viewers also could not help being amazed by his bulging eyes, which had resulted from a botched operation for Graves' disease.
2241:"Yersinia enterocolitica infection does not confer an increased risk of thyroid antibodies: evidence from a Danish twin study"
52:
4415:
1877:
508:
3565:
1043:(TSHR-Ab) and smoking. A positive TSHR-Ab at the end of antithyroid drug treatment increases the risk of recurrence to 90% (
5530:
4765:
4701:
1099:
625:
4345:
3840:
1183:
Difficulty closing eyes can be treated with lubricant gel at night, or with tape on the eyes to enable full, deep sleep.
5678:
5587:
4966:
4956:
4392:
547:
4367:
5489:
5292:
4113:
3363:. In Collezione d'osservazioni e reflessioni di chirurgia. Rome, Michele A Ripa Presso Lino Contedini, 1802;3:270â273.
1048:
1044:
312:
4432:
3959:
4168:
1132:
and the
Hartley-Dunhill procedure (hemithyroidectomy on one side and partial lobectomy on other side) are possible.
418:(which are caused by the autoimmune processes of the disease). Symptoms of the resultant hyperthyroidism are mainly
5520:
5198:
4989:
4841:
4312:
4142:
1410:
977:
5550:
5373:
5032:
4934:
4790:
4743:
4137:
3403:
Parry CH (1825). "Enlargement of the thyroid gland in connection with enlargement or palpitations of the heart".
1140:
822:
818:
634:
284:
147:
130:
5683:
5464:
5233:
5219:
4694:
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these antibodies bind directly to the TSH receptor and have been implicated in the growth of thyroid follicles.
595:
2863:
2892:
Mizokami, Tetsuya; Hamada, Katsuhiko; Maruta, Tetsushi; Higashi, Kiichiro; Tajiri, Junichi (September 2016).
806:
to obtain histiological testing is not normally required, but may be obtained if thyroidectomy is performed.
5337:
5100:
4999:
4858:
4760:
2864:"Treatment of an Over-active or Enlarged Thyroid Gland with Radioactive Iodine â British Thyroid Foundation"
1479:
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1200:
797:
665:
630:
585:
528:
369:
142:
4228:
2080:
1452:, an American former actress and fashion model, now spokeswoman for the National Graves' Disease Foundation
605:
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4994:
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4271:
4122:
1310:
1306:
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531:
DR (especially DR3) appears to play a role. To date, no clear genetic defect has been found to point to a
1419:, German folk singer, whose dark sunglasses (worn to hide his symptoms) became part of his trademark look
1413:, Scottish rugby player, discovered he had Graves' disease shortly after retiring from the sport in 2017.
4976:
1483:
1475:
1013:
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407:
356:
by mouth, which is then concentrated in the thyroid and destroys it over weeks to months. The resulting
576:
infection may trigger antibodies, which cross-react with the human TSH receptor, a phenomenon known as
466:
in those especially of Asian descent, and skin warmth and moistness. Further signs that may be seen on
3376:
Bologna, 1810. 2nd edition in 3 volumes, Florence, 1823; Milano 1831; German translation, Halle, 1813.
1288:
1211:, bone mineral loss and, in extreme cases, death (e.g. indirectly through complications, or through a
5626:
5621:
5605:
5515:
5445:
5302:
5214:
5027:
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4912:
3260:, Berlin, 1840, 6: 197â204; 220â228. Partial English translation in: Ralph Hermon Major (1884â1970):
1549:
1037:
874:
848:
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532:
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467:
304:
126:
1367:, also developed the disease around the same time, which, in her case, produced severe infiltrative
5648:
4902:
4576:
3608:
1839:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 69.
1497:, British ambassador to the United States during World War I, died suddenly of the disease in 1918.
1356:
1280:
1246:
773:
487:
381:
345:
192:
3716:
3531:
2315:
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5535:
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5297:
5134:
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4203:
3641:
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2727:
2444:
1971:"Mechanisms in endocrinology. Role of emotional stress in the pathophysiology of Graves' disease"
1951:
1506:
1434:
1374:
1299:), described a case in 1786. This case was not published until 1825 - ten years ahead of Graves.
1160:
1144:
1118:
939:
908:
813:
are also common. Differentiating common forms of hyperthyroidism such as Graves' disease, single
769:
661:
447:
415:
276:
232:
196:
168:
134:
81:
4917:
4907:
1180:
with prism glasses and surgery (the latter only when the process has been stable for a while).
843:, and although its pathogenesis is not completely understood, autoimmune activation of orbital
5355:
5350:
5150:
5139:
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4808:
4795:
4733:
4660:
4609:
4411:
3884:
3513:
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3409:
According to
Garrison, Parry first noted the condition in 1786. He briefly reported it in his
3191:
3164:
3156:
3109:
3103:
3081:
3022:
3014:
2966:
2931:
2913:
2842:
2791:
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2639:
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2555:
2514:
2479:
2436:
2395:
2360:
2295:
2270:
2221:
2172:
2137:
2072:
2030:
1992:
1943:
1906:
1873:
1840:
1806:
1766:
1716:
1494:
1352:
1148:
1021:
862:
785:
703:
Some actually act as if TSH itself is binding to its receptor, thus inducing thyroid function.
577:
483:
398:
175:
69:
4536:
2289:
1834:
637:, forming papillae into the thyroid follicles, and with scalloping of the peripheral colloid.
5399:
5333:
5250:
5245:
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5113:
5088:
4897:
4773:
4195:
4059:
4034:
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3146:
3071:
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3006:
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2832:
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2758:
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2631:
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2506:
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2211:
2203:
2164:
2127:
2117:
2064:
2022:
1982:
1935:
1798:
1758:
1708:
1465:
1303:
1001:
866:
568:
Since Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that appears suddenly, often later in life, a
479:
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328:
320:
264:
110:
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5510:
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4063:
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4013:
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3240:
1699:
Menconi F, Marcocci C, MarinĂČ M (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Graves disease".
1459:
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1302:
However, fair credit for the first description of Graves disease goes to the 12th-century
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814:
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463:
361:
300:
240:
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1090:(absolute), ophthalmopathy (relative; it can aggravate thyroid eye disease), or solitary
341:, low TSH, increased radioiodine uptake in all areas of the thyroid, and TSI antibodies.
3479:
3391:
3305:
3219:
1446:
was an
Egyptian singer, songwriter, and film actress active from the 1920s to the 1970s.
887:
Class 1: Only signs (limited to upper lid retraction and stare, with or without lid lag)
653:- the receptor for thyroid-stimulating hormone. (Antibodies to thyroglobulin and to the
5424:
5378:
5171:
5044:
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5022:
4922:
4853:
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3426:
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2812:
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2240:
2216:
2191:
2132:
2105:
1899:
1524:
1438:
1091:
810:
753:
718:
435:
357:
292:
4581:
3325:
Robinson, Victor, ed. (1939). "Exophthalmic goiter, Basedow disease, Grave disesase".
2599:
2574:
2316:"Thyroid Disease, Osteoporosis and Calcium â Womens Health and Medical Information on"
729:
Graves disease may present clinically with one or more of these characteristic signs:
323:. The diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with blood tests and
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5599:
5191:
4863:
4755:
4215:
3034:
2715:
2256:
2207:
1939:
1866:
1560:
1488:
1449:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1332:
1212:
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1111:
963:
951:
919:
539:
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365:
349:
316:
204:
74:
3361:
Sopra un tumor freddo nell'anterior parte del collo broncocele. (Osservazione LXVII)
2978:
2731:
2448:
2013:
Tomer Y, Davies TF (February 1993). "Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity".
1955:
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The result is very high levels of circulating thyroid hormones and a low TSH level.
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1204:
969:
858:
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predisposition for Graves' disease is seen, with some people more prone to develop
495:
280:
248:
200:
118:
90:
61:
17:
4671:
3135:"Epidemiology of subtypes of hyperthyroidism in Denmark: a population-based study"
3108:(3 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. p. 636.
4603:
4503:
3904:
3589:
Movers and
Shakers, Scalawags and Suffragettes: Tales from Bellefontaine Cemetery
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1005:
997:
993:
981:
973:
943:
895:
854:
796:
detected thyroid-stimulating antibodies, radioactive iodine uptake, or thyroid
459:
443:
373:
324:
311:, called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to
272:
260:
181:
162:
106:
102:
3442:
3300:
3183:
2679:
1789:
Burch HB, Cooper DS (December 2015). "Management of Graves
Disease: A Review".
1168:, or thyroid replacement pills to be taken for the rest of the patient's life.
470:
are most commonly a diffusely enlarged (usually symmetric), nontender thyroid,
4674:
4614:
4551:
4341:
3830:
3637:"The Doctor's World â A White House Puzzle: Immunity Ailments-Science Section"
2962:
2828:
2497:
Gorman CA (June 1998). "The measurement of change in Graves' ophthalmopathy".
1556:
1363:
due to the disease and treated with radioactive iodine. The president's wife,
1346:
844:
777:
455:
353:
296:
3343:
3160:
3066:
3048:
Roy A, Dutta D, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay P, Mukhopadhyay S, Chowdhury S (2015).
3018:
2917:
2590:
1079:
Radioiodine (radioactive iodine-131) was developed in the early 1940s at the
4738:
4666:
4620:
4561:
4110:
3348:
2994:
1802:
1518:
1136:
1087:
902:
629:
Histopathology of a case of Grave's disease. It shows marked hyperplasia of
335:
3195:
3168:
3085:
3026:
2970:
2935:
2846:
2772:
2723:
2687:
2643:
2608:
2559:
2510:
2440:
2399:
2356:
2274:
2225:
2141:
2076:
1996:
1947:
1810:
1770:
1720:
1328:
275:. Other symptoms may include thickening of the skin on the shins, known as
3855:"Crossover Crooner: The Strange Comeback of Germany's Wannabe Johnny Cash"
3517:
3460:
2763:
2746:
2550:
2533:
2518:
2483:
2391:
2364:
2176:
2122:
2068:
2034:
2026:
1762:
4750:
2534:"Radiologic Parameters of Orbital Bone Remodeling in Thyroid Eye Disease"
2190:
Strieder TG, Wenzel BE, Prummel MF, Tijssen JG, Wiersinga WM (May 2003).
1425:, British composer; the first person to be treated with radium injections
1156:
1152:
1040:
1017:
912:
870:
793:
660:
These antibodies cause hyperthyroidism because they bind to the TSHr and
646:
573:
520:
451:
431:
419:
308:
268:
256:
252:
98:
94:
4229:
https://www.king.org/event/the-esoterics-parnok-in-that-infinite-moment/
3264:. Springfield, C. C. Thomas, 1932. 2nd edition, 1939; 3rd edition, 1945.
3151:
3134:
1987:
1970:
5104:
4410:(1st Vintage International ed.). Vintage Books. pp. 315â321.
4207:
3835:
880:
Severity of eye disease may be classified by the mnemonic: "NO SPECS":
471:
384:, who described it in 1835. A number of prior descriptions also exist.
236:
114:
2909:
2168:
5473:
5017:
4644:
4546:
4531:
3535:
2155:
Toivanen P, Toivanen A (1994). "Does
Yersinia induce autoimmunity?".
1335:
used his bulging eyes, caused by Graves' disease, for comedic effect.
1122:
891:
803:
789:
552:
423:
411:
287:. About 25 to 30% of people with the condition develop eye problems.
244:
122:
86:
4519:
4199:
2532:
Tan NY, Leong YY, Lang SS, Htoon ZM, Young SM, Sundar G (May 2017).
700:
these antibodies inhibit the normal union of TSH with its receptor.
5440:
5108:
4783:
4686:
4625:
3931:"Revolutionary First Lady: the life and struggles of Lenin's wife"
3328:
The Modern Home
Physician, A New Encyclopedia of Medical Knowledge
2995:"Orbital Bone Decompression for Non-Thyroid Eye Disease Proptosis"
1416:
1340:
1327:
1223:
1058:
947:
737:
624:
569:
475:
397:
3254:
Exophthalmus durch Hypertrophie des Zellgewebes in der Augenhöhle
4592:
3405:
Collections from the unpublished medical writings of C. H. Parry
1833:
Nikiforov YE, Biddinger PW, Nikiforova LD, Biddinger PW (2012).
5061:
4690:
3427:"Caleb Hillier Parry 1755-1822: a notable provincial physician"
1407:, Italian-American former underboss of the Gambino crime family
1398:
1309:, who noted the association of goiter and exophthalmos in his
1008:(dose-dependent, which improves on cessation of the drug) and
4368:"Wendy Williams announces show hiatus due to Graves' disease"
3699:"Update: Missy Elliott 'completely managing' Graves' disease"
3374:
Delle malattie del cuore, loro cagioni, specie, segni e cura.
1249:, who described a case of goiter with exophthalmos in 1835. (
800:
all can independently confirm a diagnosis of Graves disease.
117:, tremor of hands or fingers, warm and moist skin, increased
3771:"Facts About Sia Furler | Popsugar Celebrity Australia"
2291:
Advances in Graves' Disease and Other Hyperthyroid Disorders
4242:"This memorial is poetic justice for Sir Cecil Spring Rice"
2813:"Hormone replacement after thyroid and parathyroid surgery"
1969:
Falgarone G, Heshmati HM, Cohen R, Reach G (January 2013).
749:(protuberance of one or both eyes), periorbital edema (25%)
239:. It frequently results in and is the most common cause of
2790:(5 ed.). Springer-Verlag New York, LLC. p. 342.
1836:
Diagnostic pathology and molecular genetics of the thyroid
1749:
Brent GA (June 2008). "Clinical practice. Grave disease".
680:
The three types of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor are:
129:, reduced libido, frequent bowel movements, bulging eyes (
4433:"Il morbo di Basedow: lo sfinimento tra Zeno e la realtĂ "
2239:
Hansen PS, Wenzel BE, Brix TH, HegedĂŒs L (October 2006).
710:
TSI and TSH from binding to and stimulating the receptor.
4184:"Sophia Parnok and the Writing of a Lesbian Poet's Life"
3233:
Newly observed affection of the thyroid gland in females
3669:"Thyroid gland â Hyperplasia / goiter â Graves disease"
3604:"Bush's Thyroid Condition Diagnosed As Graves' Disease"
3105:
Principles and practice of endocrinology and metabolism
2668:
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
1135:
Advantages are immediate cure and potential removal of
1024:
may be used to block hormone synthesis before surgery.
809:
The goiter in Graves disease is often not nodular, but
2380:
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
1905:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
706:
Other types may not stimulate the thyroid gland, but
4509:
4393:"Act Yasukawa Returns To Ring After Five Years Away"
3413:, 1815. Reprinted in Medical Classics, 1940, 5: 8â30
925:
Class 6: Sight loss (due to optic nerve involvement)
247:. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include
5614:
5580:
5571:
5549:
5503:
5482:
5463:
5433:
5387:
5372:
5331:
5283:
5276:
5262:
5232:
5207:
5122:
5099:
5010:
4947:
4880:
4827:
4724:
4635:
4513:
2008:
2006:
210:
188:
174:
161:
153:
141:
80:
68:
40:
35:
2858:
2856:
1898:
1865:
598:with Graves' disease. More recently, the role for
3831:"Hamilton talks about his disease on his podcast"
2622:Bartley GB (March 2011). "Rundle and his curve".
1245:Graves disease owes its name to the Irish doctor
823:differentiation among these entities has advanced
5559:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
4267:"Daisy Ridley Reveals Graves' Disease Diagnosis"
4138:"The chief troupier: the follies of Mr Monckton"
2538:Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
2157:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
821:is important to determine proper treatment. The
788:from the elevated T3 and T4), and protein-bound
698:Thyrotrophin binding-inhibiting immunoglobulins:
538:Genes believed to be involved include those for
299:. Those with other autoimmune diseases, such as
3591:. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri History Museum.
3190:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2338:
2336:
1891:
1889:
942:that reduce the production of thyroid hormone,
918:Class 5: Corneal involvement (primarily due to
527:-activating antibodies due to a genetic cause.
133:), thick red skin on shins or the top of foot (
4504:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=graves
3054:Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
2573:Cawood T, Moriarty P, O'Shea D (August 2004).
1237:the United States (about 50 to 80% of cases).
5073:
4702:
2999:Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1864:N Burrow G, H Oppenheimer J, Volpé R (1989).
1081:Mallinckrodt General Clinical Research Center
464:periodic partial muscle weakness or paralysis
327:uptake. Typically, blood tests show a raised
125:, changes in menstrual cycle, easy bruising,
8:
3564:(in Japanese). CDJournal. December 1, 2011.
2575:"Recent developments in thyroid eye disease"
2415:"The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease"
1315:, the major medical dictionary of its time.
1395:, British comedy writer, comedian and actor
841:idiopathic lymphocytic orbital inflammation
664:stimulate it. The TSHr is expressed on the
558:cytotoxic T-lymphocyteâassociated antigen 4
5577:
5479:
5384:
5280:
5259:
5119:
5080:
5066:
5058:
4877:
4709:
4695:
4687:
4510:
3097:
3095:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1458:, Japanese singer and one-half of the duo
51:
32:
4847:Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia
3532:"æ°Žć¶ăăă»ç”ąéŠă2ă·ă§ăăäŒèŠă§ç”ć©ć ±ć 甹éŠăŻăă»ăăŠç
ăćçœăćčŽć
ă§äŒæ„ăž"
3450:
3150:
3075:
3065:
2925:
2836:
2762:
2745:Glinoer D, de Nayer P, Bex M (May 2001).
2598:
2549:
2430:
2264:
2215:
2131:
2121:
1986:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
3431:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3275:Wochenschrift fĂŒr die gesammte Heilkunde
3258:Wochenschrift fĂŒr die gesammte Heilkunde
1261:are variant stylings of the same term.)
5593:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
3331:. WM. H. Wise & Company (New York).
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3308:â the history and naming of the disease
1581:
1355:, former U.S. president, developed new
1253:are often styled nonpossessively; thus
898:and lids, conjunctival injection, etc.)
380:condition is named after Irish surgeon
3411:Elements of Pathology and Therapeutics
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3182:Pokhrel, Binod; Bhusal, Kamal (2020),
2104:Desailloud R, Hober D (January 2009).
368:may control some of the symptoms, and
352:. Radioiodine therapy involves taking
315:(TSH). These TSI antibodies cause the
5415:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
3801:"Rare Disease Could Whack Sammy Bull"
3568:from the original on October 15, 2015
3542:from the original on December 8, 2015
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
1553:, character Ada develops the disease.
938:Treatment of Graves disease includes
851:, is thought to play a central role.
736:Diffuse palpable goiter with audible
645:disorder, in which the body produces
394:Signs and symptoms of Graves' disease
64:and lid retraction in Graves' disease
7:
4893:Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter
4499:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4469:from the original on 4 November 2016
4323:from the original on August 10, 2016
4087:. www3.bigcosmic.com. Archived from
3717:"Famous People with Graves' Disease"
3616:from the original on January 7, 2018
2476:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040031189015
2245:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
2196:Clinical and Experimental Immunology
2106:"Viruses and thyroiditis: an update"
2048:Smith TJ, HegedĂŒs L (October 2016).
1901:Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series)
1272:Graves disease has also been called
686:Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins:
4431:Scarponi, Mattia (19 August 2017).
3273:Von Basedow, KA. "Die Glotzaugen".
2057:The New England Journal of Medicine
1751:The New England Journal of Medicine
1161:recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
1121:), suspicious nodules or suspected
1102:has been linked to this treatment.
4146:. The Conversation Media Group Ltd
4060:"ææ ćąç°æ”ćăăăă»ăăŒç
ïŒïŒïŒç
æ°ć
ŹèĄš çĄçăăææ
ąăă"
4035:"ææ ćąç°æ”ćăăăă»ăăŒç
ïŒïŒïŒăăąăŒäžăçČç¶è
șè
«ăäžăă"
2817:Deutsches Ărzteblatt International
1482:politician; notorious promoter of
1401:, Australian singer and songwriter
1207:in pregnancy, increased risk of a
890:Class 2: Soft tissue involvement (
492:premature ventricular contractions
25:
5632:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
4869:Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis
4313:"There is Nothing Like This Dame"
4244:. telegraph.co.uk. Archived from
4010:"ææ ćąç°æ”ćăăăă»ăăŒç
ïŒïŒïŒćăç
ć§ăźććšăæŻăă«"
3905:"Yayoi Kusama by Grady T. Turner"
3492:Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm
3139:European Journal of Endocrinology
2751:European Journal of Endocrinology
2413:Shan SJ, Douglas RS (June 2014).
1975:European Journal of Endocrinology
1647:. August 10, 2012. Archived from
1312:Thesaurus of the Shah of Khwarazm
1063:Scan of affected thyroid before (
1020:and are secreted in breast milk.
657:T3 and T4 may also be produced.)
5269:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
4408:Zeno's conscience : a novel
4169:"Sophia Parnok, Russia's Sappho"
3843:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3743:"Marty Feldman versus the Suits"
3504:Ljunggren JG (August 1983). "".
3122:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3102:Becker, Kenneth L., ed. (2001).
2788:Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy
2716:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01239.x
2257:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03183.x
2208:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02139.x
1940:10.2165/00023210-200620110-00003
1853:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1533:, Japanese professional wrestler
1437:, Russian Communist and wife of
1199:If left untreated, more serious
861:, and deposition of nonsulfated
344:The three treatment options are
5451:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
5313:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
4348:from the original on 2015-07-16
4293:from the original on 2016-04-17
3985:"ææ ćąç°æ”ćăăăă»ăăŒç
ïŒïŒïŒăă€ăŻæă€æăéăă"
3962:. Home.rmci.net. Archived from
3883:. Bridgend: Seren. p. 44.
3861:from the original on 2014-11-19
3781:from the original on 2015-02-09
3679:from the original on 2016-12-14
3649:from the original on 2013-05-08
3587:Shepley, Carol Ferring (2008).
3262:Classic Descriptions of Disease
2874:from the original on 2016-09-02
2322:from the original on 2013-03-07
2318:. Medicinenet.com. 2006-12-07.
1897:Agabegi ED, Agabegi SS (2008).
1359:and was diagnosed in 1991 with
992:The main antithyroid drugs are
692:Thyroid growth immunoglobulins:
478:due to Graves' ophthalmopathy,
4240:Simon, Bernard (31 May 2013).
4136:Abraham, John (22 June 2011).
3741:Kuhlenbeck M (June 29, 2016).
2636:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.29
2419:Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology
1868:Thyroid function & disease
1139:. Its risks are injury of the
608:is another potential trigger.
509:post-traumatic stress disorder
243:. It also often results in an
46:FlajaniâBasedowâGraves disease
1:
5531:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
4366:Melas C (February 21, 2018).
2811:SchÀffler A (November 2010).
1377:, American comedian and actor
1100:radiation induced thyroiditis
1086:Contraindications to RAI are
1016:. These drugs also cross the
976:) may be used to inhibit the
884:Class 0: No signs or symptoms
594:was suggested to be possibly
5588:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
4182:Burgin, Diana Lewis (1992).
3799:Guart, Al (March 31, 2002).
3602:Okie, Susan (May 10, 1991).
3562:"甹éŠăćăźă»ă«ăă»ăăăă„ăŒăčă»ăąă«ăă ăçșćŁČæ±șćźïŒ"
3407:. London. pp. 111â129.
3011:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001435
2432:10.1097/wno.0000000000000132
1713:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.013
1509:, English Victorian-era poet
857:of the extraocular muscles,
548:protein tyrosine phosphatase
27:Autoimmune endocrine disease
5654:Systemic autoimmune disease
5490:Allergic contact dermatitis
5410:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
5293:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
4111:"Meet the Climate Sceptics"
3301:Basedow syndrome or disease
2951:Annals of Surgical Oncology
2288:Moore EA, Moore LM (2013).
1521:, British novelist and poet
867:dysthyroid optic neuropathy
847:, which in TAO express the
313:thyroid stimulating hormone
5700:
5160:common allergies include:
4842:Thyroid hormone resistance
3857:. Spiegel.de. 2013-02-07.
3697:Oldenburg A (2011-06-24).
3490:Sayyid Ismail Al-Jurjani.
3443:10.1177/014107689809100618
2680:10.1016/j.ijom.2015.02.007
1109:
978:sympathetic nervous system
911:involvement (usually with
832:
391:
362:synthetic thyroid hormones
214:0.5% (males), 3% (females)
5033:Toxic multinodular goiter
4791:Thyroid dyshormonogenesis
4766:Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome
4744:Congenital hypothyroidism
4311:Wolf M (March 18, 1990).
3333:, pages 82, 294, and 295.
2963:10.1245/s10434-012-2606-x
2829:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0827
2624:Archives of Ophthalmology
2464:Archives of Ophthalmology
2294:. McFarland. p. 77.
1389:, American hip-hop artist
1141:recurrent laryngeal nerve
819:toxic multinodular goiter
635:toxic multinodular goitre
633:, generally more so than
273:unintentional weight loss
59:
50:
5405:HenochâSchönlein purpura
5220:Eosinophilic esophagitis
3635:Altman LK (1991-05-28).
3277:, Berlin, 1848: 769â777.
3067:10.4103/2230-8210.152770
2898:European Thyroid Journal
2591:10.1136/bmj.329.7462.385
1468:, Japanese voice actress
1307:Sayyid Ismail al-Jurjani
1203:could result, including
1128:Both bilateral subtotal
1029:randomized control trial
666:thyroid follicular cells
631:thyroid follicular cells
283:, a condition caused by
5521:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
5308:GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome
4859:Thyrotoxicosis factitia
4761:Euthyroid sick syndrome
4497:Genetics Home Reference
1803:10.1001/jama.2015.16535
1674:Autoimmune Registry Inc
1527:, American TV show host
1266:Karl Adolph von Basedow
1147:(due to removal of the
798:ultrasound with Doppler
649:that are specific to a
586:Yersinia enterocolitica
529:Human leukocyte antigen
430:, hair loss, excessive
402:Graves disease symptoms
370:antithyroid medications
60:The classic finding of
5622:Autoimmune adrenalitis
4935:Graves' ophthalmopathy
4272:The Hollywood Reporter
3667:Islam S (2017-01-23).
2704:Clinical Endocrinology
2511:10.1089/thy.1998.8.539
2357:10.1089/thy.1998.8.571
1336:
1233:
1228:Most common causes of
1076:
758:Heat intolerance (55%)
641:Graves' disease is an
638:
482:of the heart, such as
403:
364:. Medications such as
285:Graves' ophthalmopathy
265:poor tolerance of heat
167:Family history, other
148:Graves' ophthalmopathy
131:Graves' ophthalmopathy
111:poor tolerance of heat
44:Toxic diffuse goiter,
4873:Hyperthyroid myopathy
4800:Hypothyroid myopathy
4406:Svevo, Italo (2003).
4289:. Poetry Foundation.
3673:Pathologyoutlines.com
3344:Goiter, Diffuse Toxic
2764:10.1530/eje.0.1440475
2551:10.1167/iovs.16-21035
2392:10.1055/s-2004-817930
2123:10.1186/1743-422X-6-5
2069:10.1056/NEJMra1510030
2027:10.1210/edrv-14-1-107
1763:10.1056/NEJMcp0801880
1495:Sir Cecil Spring Rice
1484:climate change denial
1331:
1227:
1117:when compressing the
1110:Further information:
1062:
871:intraocular pressures
835:Graves ophthalmopathy
833:Further information:
733:Rapid heartbeat (80%)
628:
550:nonreceptor type 22 (
408:Graves ophthalmopathy
401:
5627:Autoimmune hepatitis
5606:Transplant rejection
5516:Giant cell arteritis
5446:Rheumatoid arthritis
5303:Goodpasture syndrome
5215:Autoimmune urticaria
5028:Toxic nodular goiter
4972:Subacute lymphocytic
4506:about graves on ncbi
4287:"Christina Rossetti"
3425:Hull G (June 1998).
1701:Autoimmunity Reviews
1347:Susan Elizabeth Blow
1297:Edward Miller-Gallus
946:(radioactive iodine
875:exposure keratopathy
544:thyrotropin receptor
468:physical examination
305:rheumatoid arthritis
225:toxic diffuse goiter
127:erectile dysfunction
5679:Autoimmune diseases
5093:autoimmune diseases
4889:Signs and symptoms
4770:Signs and symptoms
4650:Graves' disease
4395:. 15 November 2020.
3811:on January 11, 2012
3723:. December 15, 2013
3609:The Washington Post
3475:Caleb Hillier Parry
3152:10.1530/EJE-10-1155
1988:10.1530/EJE-12-0539
1357:atrial fibrillation
1319:Society and culture
1281:Caleb Hillier Parry
1274:exophthalmic goiter
1247:Robert James Graves
1014:peripheral neuritis
774:computed tomography
761:Tremulousness (55%)
602:has been disputed.
488:atrial fibrillation
348:, medications, and
346:radioiodine therapy
193:Radioiodine therapy
169:autoimmune diseases
18:Exophthalmic goiter
5536:Reactive arthritis
5526:Multiple sclerosis
5420:Reactive arthritis
5318:Pemphigus vulgaris
5298:Bullous pemphigoid
5199:Penicillin allergy
5135:Allergic urticaria
4928:Pretibial myxedema
4636:External resources
4126:, 3 February 2011.
4116:2013-10-22 at the
3642:The New York Times
3239:2016-03-31 at the
1507:Christina Rossetti
1435:Nadezhda Krupskaya
1375:Rodney Dangerfield
1337:
1234:
1149:parathyroid glands
1145:hypoparathyroidism
1077:
909:Extraocular muscle
863:glycosaminoglycans
770:pretibial myxedema
764:Palpitations (50%)
639:
606:EpsteinâBarr virus
564:Infectious trigger
448:increased appetite
416:pretibial myxedema
404:
388:Signs and symptoms
319:to produce excess
277:pretibial myxedema
233:autoimmune disease
135:pretibial myxedema
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5567:
5566:
5459:
5458:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5356:Pernicious anemia
5351:Myasthenia gravis
5228:
5227:
5151:Atopic dermatitis
5140:Allergic rhinitis
5055:
5054:
4943:
4942:
4837:Hyperthyroxinemia
4809:Hoffmann syndrome
4796:Pickardt syndrome
4774:Queen Anne's sign
4734:Iodine deficiency
4684:
4683:
4493:"Graves' disease"
3911:. January 1, 1999
3879:Spicer P (1998).
3538:. April 3, 2009.
3252:Von Basedow, KA.
3115:978-0-7817-1750-2
2910:10.1159/000448398
2169:10.1159/000236717
2063:(16): 1552â1565.
2050:"Graves' Disease"
2015:Endocrine Reviews
1912:978-0-7817-7153-5
1872:. W.B. Saunders.
1670:"Graves' disease"
1645:www.niddk.nih.gov
1550:Zeno's Conscience
1515:, British actress
1513:Dame Maggie Smith
1503:, British actress
1431:, Japanese artist
1353:George H. W. Bush
1304:Persian physician
1000:(in the US), and
988:Antithyroid drugs
940:antithyroid drugs
786:negative feedback
600:Y. enterocolitica
592:Y. enterocolitica
578:antigenic mimicry
484:sinus tachycardia
257:sleeping problems
235:that affects the
229:Basedowâs disease
218:
217:
176:Diagnostic method
99:sleeping problems
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5691:
5649:Sjögren syndrome
5578:
5480:
5385:
5281:
5260:
5120:
5089:Hypersensitivity
5082:
5075:
5068:
5059:
4957:Acute infectious
4903:Dalrymple's sign
4878:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4688:
4511:
4500:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4437:theWise Magazine
4428:
4422:
4421:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4275:. 6 August 2024.
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4237:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4143:The Conversation
4133:
4127:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3937:. Archived from
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3807:. Archived from
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3501:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3454:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3400:
3394:
3387:Giuseppe Flajani
3383:
3377:
3370:
3364:
3357:
3351:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3322:
3309:
3297:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3228:
3222:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3184:"Graves Disease"
3179:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3069:
3045:
3039:
3038:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2786:Saha GB (2009).
2783:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2663:
2648:
2647:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2585:(7462): 385â90.
2570:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2544:(5): 2527â2533.
2529:
2523:
2522:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2434:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2125:
2110:Virology Journal
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2079:. Archived from
2054:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1830:
1815:
1814:
1786:
1775:
1774:
1757:(24): 2594â605.
1746:
1725:
1724:
1707:(4â5): 398â402.
1696:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:on April 2, 2015
1641:"Graves Disease"
1637:
1289:Giuseppe Flajani
1006:granulocytopenia
1002:propylthiouracil
655:thyroid hormones
560:, among others.
440:heat intolerance
360:is treated with
321:thyroid hormones
293:monozygotic twin
245:enlarged thyroid
223:, also known as
87:Enlarged thyroid
55:
33:
21:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5684:Thyroid disease
5669:
5668:
5667:
5658:
5610:
5573:
5563:
5545:
5541:Type 1 diabetes
5511:Coeliac disease
5499:
5471:
5455:
5429:
5395:Arthus reaction
5376:
5360:
5346:Graves' disease
5327:
5323:Rheumatic fever
5272:
5240:
5224:
5203:
5130:Allergic asthma
5111:
5095:
5086:
5056:
5051:
5006:
4939:
4918:Griffith's sign
4908:Stellwag's sign
4882:Graves' disease
4876:
4829:Hyperthyroidism
4823:
4720:
4718:Thyroid disease
4715:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4631:
4630:
4522:
4491:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4418:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4326:
4324:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4251:
4249:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4200:10.2307/2499528
4181:
4180:
4176:
4171:. 3 April 2017.
4167:
4166:
4162:
4149:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4118:Wayback Machine
4108:
4104:
4094:
4092:
4091:on May 15, 2007
4083:
4082:
4078:
4069:
4067:
4064:Yomiuri Shimbun
4058:
4057:
4053:
4044:
4042:
4039:Yomiuri Shimbun
4033:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4017:
4014:Yomiuri Shimbun
4008:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3989:Yomiuri Shimbun
3983:
3982:
3978:
3969:
3967:
3960:"Barbara Leigh"
3958:
3957:
3953:
3944:
3942:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3891:
3881:Herbert Howells
3878:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3839:. 8 June 2017.
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3782:
3775:Popsugar.com.au
3768:
3767:
3763:
3751:
3749:
3747:Jewish Currents
3740:
3739:
3735:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3652:
3650:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3534:(in Japanese).
3530:
3529:
3525:
3512:(32â33): 2902.
3503:
3502:
3498:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3367:
3358:
3354:
3341:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3312:
3298:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3251:
3247:
3241:Wayback Machine
3229:
3225:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3116:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3047:
3046:
3042:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2868:Btf-thyroid.org
2862:
2861:
2854:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2665:
2664:
2651:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2470:(10): 1469â72.
2461:
2460:
2456:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2012:
2011:
2004:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1934:(11): 897â909.
1925:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1818:
1797:(23): 2544â54.
1788:
1787:
1778:
1748:
1747:
1728:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1540:
1423:Herbert Howells
1361:hyperthyroidism
1326:
1321:
1255:Graves' disease
1251:Medical eponyms
1243:
1230:hyperthyroidism
1222:
1197:
1177:
1114:
1108:
1057:
1010:aplastic anemia
990:
960:agranulocytosis
936:
837:
831:
815:thyroid adenoma
811:thyroid nodules
727:
623:
621:Pathophysiology
614:
566:
517:
504:
396:
390:
350:thyroid surgery
339:
332:
301:type 1 diabetes
253:muscle weakness
241:hyperthyroidism
205:thyroid surgery
95:muscle weakness
45:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5697:
5695:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5671:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5629:
5624:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5584:
5582:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5477:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5425:Serum sickness
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5382:
5379:Immune complex
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5117:
5097:
5096:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5045:Colloid nodule
5040:Thyroid nodule
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5023:Endemic goitre
5014:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4886:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4854:Hashitoxicosis
4851:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4726:Hypothyroidism
4722:
4721:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4691:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4663:
4652:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4617:
4606:
4595:
4584:
4569:
4554:
4539:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:Classification
4508:
4507:
4501:
4487:
4486:External links
4484:
4481:
4480:
4450:
4423:
4416:
4398:
4384:
4358:
4333:
4317:New York Times
4303:
4278:
4258:
4232:
4221:
4194:(2): 214â231.
4174:
4160:
4128:
4109:Rupert Murray
4102:
4076:
4051:
4026:
4001:
3976:
3951:
3922:
3896:
3889:
3871:
3846:
3822:
3791:
3761:
3733:
3708:
3689:
3659:
3627:
3594:
3579:
3553:
3523:
3506:LĂ€kartidningen
3496:
3483:
3466:
3417:
3395:
3378:
3365:
3352:
3335:
3310:
3279:
3266:
3245:
3223:
3206:
3174:
3145:(5): 801â809.
3125:
3114:
3091:
3040:
2984:
2941:
2904:(3): 201â206.
2884:
2852:
2823:(47): 827â34.
2803:
2797:978-0387403601
2796:
2778:
2737:
2693:
2649:
2614:
2565:
2524:
2489:
2454:
2405:
2370:
2332:
2307:
2300:
2280:
2231:
2182:
2147:
2096:
2040:
2002:
1961:
1918:
1911:
1885:
1878:
1856:
1845:
1816:
1776:
1726:
1686:
1661:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1525:Wendy Williams
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1491:, Russian poet
1486:
1469:
1463:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1439:Vladimir Lenin
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1350:
1344:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1259:Graves disease
1242:
1239:
1221:
1218:
1196:
1193:
1176:
1173:
1107:
1104:
1056:
1053:
1022:Lugol's iodine
989:
986:
935:
932:
927:
926:
923:
916:
905:
899:
888:
885:
830:
827:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:thyrotoxicosis
750:
744:
741:
734:
726:
723:
719:Thyrotoxicosis
714:
713:
712:
711:
704:
695:
689:
622:
619:
613:
610:
583:The bacterium
565:
562:
516:
513:
503:
500:
436:oligomenorrhea
392:Main article:
389:
386:
358:hypothyroidism
337:
330:
261:fast heartbeat
221:Graves disease
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
190:
186:
185:
178:
172:
171:
165:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
103:fast heartbeat
84:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
36:Graves disease
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5696:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5600:Latex allergy
5598:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5570:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5469:cell-mediated
5466:
5462:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:Farmer's lung
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5375:
5371:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:De Quervain's
4965:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Boston's sign
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4864:Thyroid storm
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4818:Atrophic type
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4756:Myxedema coma
4754:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4438:
4434:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4373:
4369:
4362:
4359:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4304:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4248:on 2014-03-12
4247:
4243:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4188:Slavic Review
4185:
4178:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3966:on 2012-07-10
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3941:on 2018-04-18
3940:
3936:
3935:Russia Beyond
3932:
3926:
3923:
3910:
3909:Bomb Magazine
3906:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3890:1-85411-233-3
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3810:
3806:
3805:New York Post
3802:
3795:
3792:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3734:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3690:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3660:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3628:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:Who Named It?
3477:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:Who Named It?
3389:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3306:Who Named It?
3303:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:Who Named It?
3217:
3216:
3215:Mathew Graves
3210:
3207:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2757:(5): 475â83.
2756:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:(3): 385â90.
2709:
2705:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:(6): 539â43.
2504:
2500:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2425:(2): 177â85.
2424:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2301:9780786471898
2297:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:(2): 278â82.
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:(2): 107â11.
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2086:on 2020-08-01
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2021:(1): 107â20.
2020:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1846:9781451114553
1842:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1561:literary hoax
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:Sophia Parnok
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:Lord Monckton
1470:
1467:
1466:YĆ«ko Miyamura
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:Barbara Leigh
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:Sammy Gravano
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:Marty Feldman
1391:
1388:
1387:Missy Elliott
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:Marty Feldman
1330:
1324:Notable cases
1323:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:thyroid storm
1210:
1206:
1205:birth defects
1202:
1201:complications
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:levothyroxine
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1130:thyroidectomy
1126:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1112:Thyroidectomy
1105:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1067:) and after (
1066:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:(in the UK),
995:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
965:
964:liver disease
961:
955:
953:
952:thyroidectomy
949:
945:
941:
933:
931:
924:
921:
920:lagophthalmos
917:
914:
910:
906:
904:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
882:
881:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
850:
846:
842:
836:
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
799:
795:
794:Serologically
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
771:
763:
760:
757:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
724:
722:
720:
709:
705:
702:
701:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:
682:
681:
677:
674:
670:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
632:
627:
620:
618:
611:
609:
607:
603:
601:
597:
593:
588:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
554:
549:
545:
541:
540:thyroglobulin
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
514:
512:
510:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:hyperactivity
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
400:
395:
387:
385:
383:
382:Robert Graves
377:
375:
371:
367:
366:beta blockers
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
333:
326:
322:
318:
317:thyroid gland
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
213:
209:
206:
203:medications,
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
180:Blood tests,
179:
177:
173:
170:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
144:
143:Complications
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
75:Endocrinology
73:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
43:
39:
34:
19:
5495:Mantoux test
5345:
5156:Food allergy
4881:
4779:Woltman sign
4665:
4654:
4643:
4619:
4608:
4597:
4586:
4571:
4556:
4541:
4526:
4496:
4471:. Retrieved
4462:
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4439:(in Italian)
4436:
4426:
4407:
4401:
4387:
4377:February 21,
4375:. Retrieved
4371:
4361:
4350:. Retrieved
4336:
4325:. Retrieved
4316:
4306:
4295:. Retrieved
4281:
4270:
4261:
4250:. Retrieved
4246:the original
4235:
4224:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4163:
4155:
4148:. Retrieved
4141:
4131:
4121:
4105:
4095:December 18,
4093:. Retrieved
4089:the original
4079:
4068:. Retrieved
4066:. 2011-08-25
4054:
4043:. Retrieved
4041:. 2011-08-18
4029:
4018:. Retrieved
4016:. 2011-08-11
4004:
3993:. Retrieved
3991:. 2011-08-04
3979:
3968:. Retrieved
3964:the original
3954:
3943:. Retrieved
3939:the original
3934:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3908:
3899:
3880:
3874:
3863:. Retrieved
3849:
3834:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3809:the original
3804:
3794:
3783:. Retrieved
3774:
3764:
3756:
3750:. Retrieved
3746:
3736:
3725:. Retrieved
3720:
3711:
3702:
3692:
3681:. Retrieved
3672:
3662:
3651:. Retrieved
3640:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3588:
3582:
3572:November 19,
3570:. Retrieved
3556:
3546:November 19,
3544:. Retrieved
3526:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3491:
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3359:Flajani, G.
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3248:
3232:
3230:Graves, RJ.
3226:
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1673:
1664:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1644:
1571:
1548:
1531:Act Yasukawa
1501:Daisy Ridley
1480:Conservative
1456:Keiko Masuda
1429:Yayoi Kusama
1411:Jim Hamilton
1369:exophthalmos
1365:Barbara Bush
1311:
1301:
1285:James Begbie
1278:
1273:
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1235:
1220:Epidemiology
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980:symptoms of
968:
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896:conjunctivae
879:
869:, increased
859:adipogenesis
853:
849:TSH receptor
838:
808:
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792:(elevated).
783:
767:
747:Exophthalmos
743:Tremor (40%)
728:
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685:
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651:self-protein
640:
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582:
567:
551:
537:
525:TSH receptor
518:
505:
496:hypertension
474:, excessive
460:palpitations
405:
378:
343:
297:giving birth
289:
249:irritability
228:
224:
220:
219:
201:beta blocker
163:Risk factors
119:perspiration
91:irritability
62:exophthalmos
5146:Anaphylaxis
5142:(Hay fever)
5011:Enlargement
4990:Hashimoto's
4949:Thyroiditis
4923:Möbius sign
4656:MedlinePlus
4463:Mayo Clinic
4342:"Biography"
3815:January 28,
3372:Testa, AG.
2251:(1): 32â8.
1545:Italo Svevo
1444:Umm Kulthum
1381:Gail Devers
1293:Henry Marsh
1264:The German
1209:miscarriage
1073:radioiodine
1055:Radioiodine
1049:specificity
1045:sensitivity
998:methimazole
994:carbimazole
982:tachycardia
974:propranolol
944:radioiodine
855:Hypertrophy
845:fibroblasts
829:Eye disease
662:chronically
533:single-gene
480:arrhythmias
476:lacrimation
454:, frequent
444:weight loss
438:, itching,
374:methimazole
325:radioiodine
281:eye bulging
197:antithyroid
182:radioiodine
107:weight loss
41:Other names
5673:Categories
5615:Autoimmune
5504:Autoimmune
5434:Autoimmune
5277:Autoimmune
5208:Autoimmune
4995:Postpartum
4984:Autoimmune
4610:DiseasesDB
4473:1 November
4417:0375727760
4352:2015-07-16
4327:2015-10-19
4297:2016-09-10
4252:2014-08-25
4123:Storyville
4070:2020-02-01
4045:2020-02-01
4020:2020-02-01
3995:2020-02-01
3970:2013-02-27
3945:2018-04-18
3865:2014-07-27
3785:2016-09-10
3752:2018-02-22
3727:2018-02-22
3705:. Gannett.
3683:2017-01-25
3653:2013-02-27
3201:2020-12-04
3188:StatPearls
2953:(review).
2878:2016-09-10
2326:2013-02-27
2090:2020-05-29
1879:0721621902
1655:2015-04-02
1576:References
1557:Ern Malley
1538:Literature
970:ÎČ-Blockers
934:Management
778:ultrasound
647:antibodies
643:autoimmune
596:associated
456:defecation
354:iodine-131
5285:Cytotoxic
4986:/chronic
4977:Palpation
4739:Cretinism
4667:eMedicine
4626:353295004
4621:SNOMED CT
4459:"Thyroid"
4216:163967264
4150:14 August
3703:USA Today
3349:eMedicine
3161:0804-4643
3035:199388425
3019:1537-2677
2918:2235-0640
1928:CNS Drugs
1547:'s novel
1519:Mary Webb
1474:, former
1460:Pink Lady
1195:Prognosis
1137:carcinoma
1088:pregnancy
972:(such as
907:Class 4:
903:Proptosis
901:Class 3:
725:Diagnosis
612:Mechanism
574:bacterial
211:Frequency
189:Treatment
70:Specialty
5574:multiple
5572:Unknown/
5374:Type III
5338:receptor
5187:Tree nut
5000:Riedel's
4962:Subacute
4784:Myoedema
4751:Myxedema
4467:Archived
4443:25 March
4346:Archived
4321:Archived
4291:Archived
4114:Archived
3859:Archived
3841:Archived
3779:Archived
3769:Rota G.
3677:Archived
3647:Archived
3620:June 17,
3614:Archived
3566:Archived
3540:Archived
3237:Archived
3196:28846288
3169:21357288
3120:Archived
3086:25932389
3027:31373985
2979:24759725
2971:22956065
2936:27843811
2872:Archived
2847:21173898
2773:11331213
2732:24463399
2724:11298092
2688:25726089
2644:21402995
2609:15310608
2560:28492870
2449:10998666
2441:24821101
2400:15127319
2320:Archived
2275:16968395
2226:12699417
2142:19138419
2077:27797318
1997:23027804
1956:20003511
1948:17044727
1851:Archived
1811:26670972
1771:18550875
1721:24424182
1568:Research
1157:scarring
1153:hematoma
1041:antibody
1018:placenta
913:diplopia
515:Genetics
452:diarrhea
446:despite
432:sweating
420:insomnia
372:such as
309:antibody
269:diarrhea
231:, is an
82:Symptoms
5581:Foreign
5483:Foreign
5474:T cells
5465:Type IV
5388:Foreign
5263:Foreign
5234:Type II
5177:Seafood
5123:Foreign
5105:allergy
4913:lid lag
4675:ped/899
4672:med/929
4604:D006111
4208:2499528
3915:May 29,
3836:YouTube
3518:6355710
3461:9771526
3452:1296785
3077:4366772
2927:5091234
2838:3003466
2519:9669294
2499:Thyroid
2484:6548373
2365:9709909
2345:Thyroid
2266:1809723
2217:1808711
2177:8199453
2133:2654877
2035:8491150
1679:15 June
1241:History
1119:trachea
1106:Surgery
1092:nodules
1075:therapy
708:prevent
556:), and
535:cause.
521:genetic
472:lid lag
422:, hand
237:thyroid
157:Unknown
115:anxiety
5602:(I+IV)
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817:, and
804:Biopsy
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494:, and
490:, and
424:tremor
414:, and
412:goiter
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184:uptake
154:Causes
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5441:Lupus
5192:Wheat
5109:atopy
4582:242.0
4567:E05.0
4562:10-CM
4552:E05.0
4212:S2CID
4204:JSTOR
3721:HRFnd
3031:S2CID
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2728:S2CID
2445:S2CID
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2084:(PDF)
2053:(PDF)
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570:viral
502:Cause
5642:APS2
5637:APS1
5551:GVHD
5238:ADCC
5167:Milk
5091:and
4814:LEMS
4804:KDSS
4615:5419
4599:MeSH
4588:OMIM
4577:9-CM
4475:2016
4445:2020
4412:ISBN
4379:2018
4152:2024
4097:2017
3917:2020
3885:ISBN
3817:2020
3622:2023
3574:2015
3548:2015
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3192:PMID
3165:PMID
3157:ISSN
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