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done is it possible to certify with high probability that the reason for the differences in the outcome variables are caused by the different conditions. Therefore, researchers should choose the experimental design over other design types whenever possible. However, the nature of the independent variable does not always allow for manipulation. In those cases, researchers must be aware of not certifying about causal attribution when their design doesn't allow for it. For example, in observational designs, participants are not assigned randomly to conditions, and so if there are differences found in outcome variables between conditions, it is likely that there is something other than the differences between the conditions that causes the differences in outcomes, that is â a third variable. The same goes for studies with correlational design (AdĂŠr & Mellenbergh, 2008).
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2387:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\widehat {\theta }}_{2}&={\frac {Y_{1}+Y_{2}-Y_{3}-Y_{4}+Y_{5}+Y_{6}-Y_{7}-Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{3}&={\frac {Y_{1}+Y_{2}-Y_{3}-Y_{4}-Y_{5}-Y_{6}+Y_{7}+Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{4}&={\frac {Y_{1}-Y_{2}+Y_{3}-Y_{4}+Y_{5}-Y_{6}+Y_{7}-Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{5}&={\frac {Y_{1}-Y_{2}+Y_{3}-Y_{4}-Y_{5}+Y_{6}-Y_{7}+Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{6}&={\frac {Y_{1}-Y_{2}-Y_{3}+Y_{4}+Y_{5}-Y_{6}-Y_{7}+Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{7}&={\frac {Y_{1}-Y_{2}-Y_{3}+Y_{4}-Y_{5}+Y_{6}+Y_{7}-Y_{8}}{8}}.\\{\widehat {\theta }}_{8}&={\frac {Y_{1}+Y_{2}+Y_{3}+Y_{4}+Y_{5}+Y_{6}+Y_{7}+Y_{8}}{8}}.\end{aligned}}}
2595:
without the interventional element. Thus, when everything else except for one intervention is held constant, researchers can certify with some certainty that this one element is what caused the observed change. In some instances, having a control group is not ethical. This is sometimes solved using two different experimental groups. In some cases, independent variables cannot be manipulated, for example when testing the difference between two groups who have a different disease, or testing the difference between genders (obviously variables that would be hard or unethical to assign participants to). In these cases, a quasi-experimental design may be used.
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1169:{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcc}&{\text{left pan}}&{\text{right pan}}\\\hline {\text{1st weighing:}}&1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8&{\text{(empty)}}\\{\text{2nd:}}&1\ 2\ 3\ 8\ &4\ 5\ 6\ 7\\{\text{3rd:}}&1\ 4\ 5\ 8\ &2\ 3\ 6\ 7\\{\text{4th:}}&1\ 6\ 7\ 8\ &2\ 3\ 4\ 5\\{\text{5th:}}&2\ 4\ 6\ 8\ &1\ 3\ 5\ 7\\{\text{6th:}}&2\ 5\ 7\ 8\ &1\ 3\ 4\ 6\\{\text{7th:}}&3\ 4\ 7\ 8\ &1\ 2\ 5\ 6\\{\text{8th:}}&3\ 5\ 6\ 8\ &1\ 2\ 4\ 7\end{array}}}
3684:) "To biologists, he was an architect of the 'modern synthesis' that used mathematical models to integrate Mendelian genetics with Darwin's selection theories. To psychologists, Fisher was the inventor of various statistical tests that are still supposed to be used whenever possible in psychology journals. To farmers, Fisher was the founder of experimental agricultural research, saving millions from starvation through rational crop breeding programs." p.54.
95:
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452:; thus they are repeated and full experiments are replicated to help identify the sources of variation, to better estimate the true effects of treatments, to further strengthen the experiment's reliability and validity, and to add to the existing knowledge of the topic. However, certain conditions must be met before the replication of the experiment is commenced: the original research question has been published in a
420:
distinguishes a rigorous, "true" experiment from an observational study or "quasi-experiment". There is an extensive body of mathematical theory that explores the consequences of making the allocation of units to treatments by means of some random mechanism (such as tables of random numbers, or the use of randomization devices such as playing cards or dice). Assigning units to treatments at random tends to mitigate
7469:
2886:. Balancing the constraints are views from the medical field. Regarding the randomization of patients, "... if no one knows which therapy is better, there is no ethical imperative to use one therapy or another." (p 380) Regarding experimental design, "...it is clearly not ethical to place subjects at risk to collect data in a poorly designed study when this situation can be easily avoided...". (p 393)
2424:/8. Thus the second experiment gives us 8 times as much precision for the estimate of a single item, and estimates all items simultaneously, with the same precision. What the second experiment achieves with eight would require 64 weighings if the items are weighed separately. However, note that the estimates for the items obtained in the second experiment have errors that correlate with each other.
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several subpopulations that somehow differ, and the research requires each subpopulation to be equal in size, stratified sampling can be used. In that way, the units in each subpopulation are randomized, but not the whole sample. The results of an experiment can be generalized reliably from the experimental units to a larger
157:
that must be held constant to prevent external factors from affecting the results. Experimental design involves not only the selection of suitable independent, dependent, and control variables, but planning the delivery of the experiment under statistically optimal conditions given the constraints of
2603:
In the pure experimental design, the independent (predictor) variable is manipulated by the researcher â that is â every participant of the research is chosen randomly from the population, and each participant chosen is assigned randomly to conditions of the independent variable. Only when this is
419:
Random assignment is the process of assigning individuals at random to groups or to different groups in an experiment, so that each individual of the population has the same chance of becoming a participant in the study. The random assignment of individuals to groups (or conditions within a group)
429:
The risks associated with random allocation (such as having a serious imbalance in a key characteristic between a treatment group and a control group) are calculable and hence can be managed down to an acceptable level by using enough experimental units. However, if the population is divided into
2594:
The independent variable of a study often has many levels or different groups. In a true experiment, researchers can have an experimental group, which is where their intervention testing the hypothesis is implemented, and a control group, which has all the same element as the experimental group,
2514:
Another way to prevent this is taking a double-blind design to the data-analysis phase, making the study triple-blind, where the data are sent to a data-analyst unrelated to the research who scrambles up the data so there is no way to know which participants belong to before they are potentially
2538:
An experimental design or randomized clinical trial requires careful consideration of several factors before actually doing the experiment. An experimental design is the laying out of a detailed experimental plan in advance of doing the experiment. Some of the following topics have already been
456:
journal or widely cited, the researcher is independent of the original experiment, the researcher must first try to replicate the original findings using the original data, and the write-up should state that the study conducted is a replication study that tried to follow the original study as
2612:
It is best that a process be in reasonable statistical control prior to conducting designed experiments. When this is not possible, proper blocking, replication, and randomization allow for the careful conduct of designed experiments. To control for nuisance variables, researchers institute
475:
Blocking is the non-random arrangement of experimental units into groups (blocks) consisting of units that are similar to one another. Blocking reduces known but irrelevant sources of variation between units and thus allows greater precision in the estimation of the source of variation under
502:
Orthogonality concerns the forms of comparison (contrasts) that can be legitimately and efficiently carried out. Contrasts can be represented by vectors and sets of orthogonal contrasts are uncorrelated and independently distributed if the data are normal. Because of this independence, each
2849:
The textbooks of D. Montgomery, R. Myers, and G. Box/W. Hunter/J.S. Hunter have reached generations of students and practitioners. Furthermore, there is ongoing discussion of experimental design in the context of model building for models either static or dynamic models, also known as
173:. For example, these concerns can be partially addressed by carefully choosing the independent variable, reducing the risk of measurement error, and ensuring that the documentation of the method is sufficiently detailed. Related concerns include achieving appropriate levels of
2475:
phase. When a double-blind design is used, participants are randomly assigned to experimental groups but the researcher is unaware of what participants belong to which group. Therefore, the researcher can not affect the participants' response to the intervention.
2636:(a variable in between the supposed cause (X) and the effect (Y)), and anteceding variables (a variable prior to the supposed cause (X) that is the true cause). When a third variable is involved and has not been controlled for, the relation is said to be a
2686:, which took place during his visit to Indian Statistical Institute in early 1950s. His methods were successfully applied and adopted by Japanese and Indian industries and subsequently were also embraced by US industry albeit with some reservations.
566:
and set of standard weights. Each weighing measures the weight difference between objects in the left pan and any objects in the right pan by adding calibrated weights to the lighter pan until the balance is in equilibrium. Each measurement has a
2632:. In the most basic model, cause (X) leads to effect (Y). But there could be a third variable (Z) that influences (Y), and X might not be the true cause at all. Z is said to be a spurious variable and must be controlled for. The same is true for
262:
to evaluate their ability to discriminate weights. Peirce's experiment inspired other researchers in psychology and education, which developed a research tradition of randomized experiments in laboratories and specialized textbooks in the 1800s.
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1380:
394:, that a certain lady could distinguish by flavour alone whether the milk or the tea was first placed in the cup. These methods have been broadly adapted in biological, psychological, and agricultural research.
2510:
researches, in which researchers have to send their data analysis plan to the journal they wish to publish their paper in before they even start their data collection, so no data manipulation is possible.
3528:"On the standard deviations of adjusted and interpolated values of an observed polynomial function and its constants and the guidance they give towards a proper choice of the distribution of observations"
184:
Correctly designed experiments advance knowledge in the natural and social sciences and engineering, with design of experiments methodology recognised as a key tool in the successful implementation of a
130:, is the design of any task that aims to describe and explain the variation of information under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. The term is generally associated with
634:
341:
The use of a sequence of experiments, where the design of each may depend on the results of previous experiments, including the possible decision to stop experimenting, is within the scope of
3139:
Peirce, Charles
Sanders (1883). "A Theory of Probable Inference". In C. S. Peirce (Ed.), Studies in logic by members of the Johns Hopkins University (p. 126â181). Little, Brown and Co (1883)
158:
available resources. There are multiple approaches for determining the set of design points (unique combinations of the settings of the independent variables) to be used in the experiment.
3990:
Simmons, Joseph; Leif Nelson; Uri
Simonsohn (November 2011). "False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant".
2640:
relationship. In most practical applications of experimental research designs there are several causes (X1, X2, X3). In most designs, only one of these causes is manipulated at a time.
4184:
149:, also referred to as "input variables" or "predictor variables." The change in one or more independent variables is generally hypothesized to result in a change in one or more
3192:
Indeed, Pierce's work contains one of the earliest explicit endorsements of mathematical randomization as a basis for inference of which I am aware (Peirce, 1957, pages 216â219
2621:
is one example of a control check. Manipulation checks allow investigators to isolate the chief variables to strengthen support that these variables are operating as planned.
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affecting both clinical (medical) trials and behavioral and social science experiments. In the field of toxicology, for example, experimentation is performed on laboratory
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as additional measures. Investigators should ensure that uncontrolled influences (e.g., source credibility perception) do not skew the findings of the study. A
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How feasible is repeated administration of the same measurement instruments to the same units at different occasions, with a post-test and follow-up tests?
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387:(1935). Much of his pioneering work dealt with agricultural applications of statistical methods. As a mundane example, he described how to test the
145:
In its simplest form, an experiment aims at predicting the outcome by introducing a change of the preconditions, which is represented by one or more
7837:
7833:
6657:
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7883:
7841:
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2487:": trying multiple things until you get the desired result. It typically involves the manipulation â perhaps unconsciously â of the process of
3098:
531:, a collection of models that partition the observed variance into components, according to what factors the experiment must estimate or test.
4718:
4528:
4344:
3607:
Zacks, S. (1996) "Adaptive
Designs for Parametric Models". In: Ghosh, S. and Rao, C. R., (Eds) (1996). "Design and Analysis of Experiments,"
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Use of multifactorial experiments instead of the one-factor-at-a-time method. These are efficient at evaluating the effects and possible
189:(QbD) framework. Other applications include marketing and policy making. The study of the design of experiments is an important topic in
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Laws and ethical considerations preclude some carefully designed experiments with human subjects. Legal constraints are dependent on
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511:â 1 orthogonal contrasts, all the information that can be captured from the experiment is obtainable from the set of contrasts.
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4385:
Spall, J. C. (2010). "Factorial Design for
Efficient Experimentation: Generating Informative Data for System Identification".
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One of the most important requirements of experimental research designs is the necessity of eliminating the effects of
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from the larger population; the probable error of such an extrapolation depends on the sample size, among other things.
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have encompassed and surpassed the cases that concerned early writers. Today, the theory rests on advanced topics in
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have been surveyed by S. Zacks. One specific type of sequential design is the "two-armed bandit", generalized to the
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if we use the first experiment. But if we use the second experiment, the variance of the estimate given above is
405:. Comparisons between treatments are much more valuable and are usually preferable, and often compared against a
134:
in which the design introduces conditions that directly affect the variation, but may also refer to the design of
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What is the sample size? How many units must be collected for the experiment to be generalisable and have enough
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Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd edition)
2648:
Some efficient designs for estimating several main effects were found independently and in near succession by
3351:"Deception, Efficiency, and Random Groups: Psychology and the Gradual Origination of the Random Group Design"
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153:, also referred to as "output variables" or "response variables." The experimental design may also identify
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which became the major reference work on the design of experiments for statisticians for years afterwards.
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234:" (1883), two publications that emphasized the importance of randomization-based inference in statistics.
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302:
219:
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4588:
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4217:
Bisgaard, S (2008) "Must a
Process be in Statistical Control before Conducting Designed Experiments?",
4624:
4606:
1353:{\displaystyle {\widehat {\theta }}_{1}={\frac {Y_{1}+Y_{2}+Y_{3}+Y_{4}-Y_{5}-Y_{6}-Y_{7}-Y_{8}}{8}}.}
8264:
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3303:(November 1992). "A Historical View of Statistical Concepts in Psychology and Educational Research".
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556:
528:
424:, which makes effects due to factors other than the treatment to appear to result from the treatment.
402:
306:
3492:
3408:
3122:
Peirce, Charles
Sanders (1887). "Illustrations of the Logic of Science". Open Court (10 June 2014).
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3263:
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572:
406:
358:
4684:
4336:
Statistics for
Experimenters : An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model Building
4091:
Nosek, Brian A.; Ebersole, Charles R.; DeHaven, Alexander C.; Mellor, David T. (13 March 2018).
2843:
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3123:
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2453:
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294:
243:
186:
174:
94:
4308:
Myers, Raymond H.; Montgomery, Douglas C.; Vining, G. Geoffrey; Robinson, Timothy J. (2010).
4185:"Physics envy: Do 'hard' sciences hold the solution to the replication crisis in psychology?"
3719:
2584:
Should the client/patient, researcher or even the analyst of the data be blind to conditions?
579:
of the errors is the same number Ď on different weighings; errors on different weighings are
8214:
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7694:
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7643:
7523:
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3539:
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Guttorp, P.; Lindgren, G. (2009). "Karl
Pearson and the Scandinavian school of statistics".
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What is the feasibility of subsequent application of different conditions to the same units?
2578:
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154:
135:
103:
99:
4208:
Ader, Mellenberg & Hand (2008) "Advising on
Research Methods: A consultant's companion"
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3187:
2543:
How many factors does the design have, and are the levels of these factors fixed or random?
540:
401:
In some fields of study it is not possible to have independent measurements to a traceable
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4893:
4828:
4443:
4420:
Pronzato, L (2008). "Optimal experimental design and some related control problems".
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Forstmeier, Wolfgang; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Parker, Timothy H. (23 November 2016).
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2755:
2705:
2460:
346:
4638:, Little, Brown, and Company. (Reprinted 1983, John Benjamins Publishing Company,
4310:
Generalized linear models : with applications in engineering and the sciences
2678:
as experimental designs. This concept played a central role in the development of
4617:
4599:
4581:
4563:
4232:
3822:
3527:
3153:
8009:
7863:
7736:
7726:
7426:
7388:
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6834:
6647:
6614:
6106:
6023:
6018:
5662:
5619:
5599:
5579:
5569:
5338:
4957:
4888:
4873:
4843:
3948:
3244:(September 1988). "Telepathy: Origins of Randomization in Experimental Design".
3241:
2807:
2759:
2723:
As with other branches of statistics, experimental design is pursued using both
2523:
2440:
563:
552:
503:
orthogonal treatment provides different information to the others. If there are
453:
421:
190:
131:
493:
7811:
7803:
7769:
7731:
7638:
6272:
5752:
5452:
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5308:
5228:
4773:
3852:
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2763:
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524:
391:
4710:
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4011:
4003:
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3170:
8219:
8085:
7871:
7859:
6425:
6277:
5897:
5692:
5604:
5589:
5584:
5549:
4905:
4398:
4283:
Walpole, Ronald E.; Myers, Raymond H.; Myers, Sharon L.; Ye, Keying (2007).
4117:
2823:
2731:
approaches: In evaluating statistical procedures like experimental designs,
2671:
2565:
What is the influence of delayed effects of substantive factors on outcomes?
2484:
4701:
4688:
4144:
4019:
3962:
3922:
3879:"Detecting and avoiding likely false-positive findings â a practical guide"
3853:"How to Use Design of Experiments to Create Robust Designs With High Yield"
3456:
3376:
7905:
5941:
5559:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5398:
4469:(6th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. pp. Chapter 7: Data ethics.
4724:
2590:
How many of each control and noise factors should be taken into account?
7910:
7446:
7147:
3666:
The Mating Mind: how sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature
3324:
3179:
2496:
4713:
in the Opera
Magistris v3.6 online reference Chapter 15, section 7.4,
3895:
3878:
3464:
3267:
2399:
The question of design of experiments is: which experiment is better?
142:
conditions that influence the variation are selected for observation.
8188:
7368:
6349:
6323:
6303:
5554:
5345:
4493:
The dose makes the poison : a plain-language guide to toxicology
4362:
Statistics for Experimenters : Design, Innovation, and Discovery
3443:(JulyâAugust 1967). "Note on the Theory of the Economy of Research".
2750:
Some important contributors to the field of experimental designs are
2653:
313:
published optimal designs for polynomials of degree six (and less).
64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3368:
3316:
3259:
8230:
8115:
8054:
4434:
4159:"Pre-Registering Studies â What Is It, How Do You Do It, and Why?"
3099:"The Sequential Nature of Classical Design of Experiments | Prism"
2483:
are a problem, in that they can lead to conscious or unconscious "
1366:
Similar estimates can be found for the weights of the other items:
492:
161:
Main concerns in experimental design include the establishment of
93:
3790:"Some Improvements in Weighing and Other Experimental Techniques"
5288:
4360:
Box, George E.P.; Hunter, William G.; Hunter, J. Stuart (2005).
4333:
Box, George E.P.; Hunter, William G.; Hunter, J. Stuart (1978).
4038:
2464:
8058:
7527:
7257:
6824:
6571:
5870:
5640:
5257:
5201:
4728:
4551:(1877â1878), "Illustrations of the Logic of Science" (series),
3571:
Wald, A. (1945) "Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses",
3562:, Series A. Vol. 124 (3), 372–411. (pages 375–376)
349:
in the context of sequential tests of statistical hypotheses.
286:
also contributed the first English-language publication on an
29:
5197:
4287:(8 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
659:
Do the eight weighings according to the following scheduleâa
643:
Weigh each object in one pan, with the other pan empty. Let
4066:"Why Statistically Significant Studies Can Be Insignificant"
2539:
discussed in the principles of experimental design section:
539:
4285:
Probability & statistics for engineers & scientists
4262:(8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3742:
3401:(1876). "Note on the Theory of the Economy of Research".
2534:
Discussion topics when setting up an experimental design
523:
of several factors (independent variables). Analysis of
373:
A methodology for designing experiments was proposed by
4612:(1878 August), "Deduction, Induction, and Hypothesis",
3697:, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2008, p. 300.
3556:
Johnson, N.L. (1961). "Sequential analysis: a survey."
2546:
Are control conditions needed, and what should they be?
353:
wrote an overview of optimal sequential designs, while
53:
4496:(2nd ed.). New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
3741:
Burman, Leonard E.; Robert W. Reed; James Alm (2010),
3631:"Some Aspects of the Sequential Design of Experiments"
2562:
What is the relevance of interactions between factors?
2549:
Manipulation checks: did the manipulation really work?
4711:
Detailed mathematical developments of most common DoE
1378:
1214:
675:
592:
7110:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
3947:
David, Sharoon; Khandhar1, Paras B. (17 July 2023).
2882:
with the goal of defining safe exposure limits for
1195:= 1, ..., 8. Then the estimated value of the weight
547:
This example of design experiments is attributed to
254:
Charles S. Peirce randomly assigned volunteers to a
202:
Statistical experiments, following Charles S. Peirce
8197:
8176:
8150:
8124:
8093:
7987:
7949:
7898:
7848:
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7754:
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5359:
5279:
5270:
5024:
4919:
4852:
4762:
2568:
How do response shifts affect self-report measures?
2427:Many problems of the design of experiments involve
555:. The experiments designed in this example involve
4702:"NIST/SEMATECH Handbook on Engineering Statistics"
4689:"NIST/SEMATECH Handbook on Engineering Statistics"
2386:
1352:
1168:
628:
448:Measurements are usually subject to variation and
629:{\displaystyle \theta _{1},\dots ,\theta _{8}.\,}
6658:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
4237:. New York, N.Y: Wiley. pp. 53, 159, 264.
4097:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
409:or traditional treatment that acts as baseline.
4576:(1878 April), "The Probability of Induction",
562:Weights of eight objects are measured using a
434:of units only if the experimental units are a
8070:
7539:
5213:
4740:
3635:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
3154:"Mathematical statistics in the early States"
8:
4467:Statistics : concepts and controversies
3906:11245.1/31f84a5b-4439-4a4c-a690-6e98354199f5
3846:
3844:
4555:, vols. 12â13. Relevant individual papers:
3975:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3235:
3233:
3220:Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
3202:
3200:
8077:
8063:
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7254:
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5637:
5276:
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5254:
5220:
5206:
5198:
4747:
4733:
4725:
4630:(1883), "A Theory of Probable Inference",
4465:Moore, David S.; Notz, William I. (2006).
3827:. New York, N.Y: Wiley. pp. 350â359.
2997:Multifactor design of experiments software
652:be the measured weight of the object, for
4558:(1878 March), "The Doctrine of Chances",
4433:
4134:
4116:
4034:"Science, Trust And Psychology in Crisis"
3904:
3894:
3805:
3646:
3491:
3295:
3293:
3169:
2456:, are an inherent hazard in many fields.
2365:
2352:
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2014:
2001:
1988:
1981:
1968:
1957:
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1936:
1923:
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992:
934:
876:
818:
760:
751:
697:
688:
681:
676:
674:
625:
616:
597:
591:
527:design is built on the foundation of the
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
7838:Preventable fraction among the unexposed
7834:Attributable fraction for the population
3559:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society
467:
7842:Preventable fraction for the population
7830:Attributable fraction among the exposed
3583:
3581:
3344:
3342:
3090:
639:We consider two different experiments:
7184:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
3968:
3592:Sequential Analysis and Optimal Design
2660:, but remained little known until the
2526:is also important in order to support
2479:Experimental designs with undisclosed
2448:conclusions, often resulting from the
497:Example of orthogonal factorial design
4231:Giri, Narayan C.; Das, M. N. (1979).
3942:
3940:
3821:Giri, Narayan C.; Das, M. N. (1979).
2495:until they return a figure below the
267:Optimal designs for regression models
228:Illustrations of the Logic of Science
106:with second-degree polynomial (right)
7:
8005:Correlation does not imply causation
7921:Animal testing on non-human primates
7494:
7194:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
4594:(1878 June), "The Order of Nature",
4364:(2 ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
4312:(2 ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
3063:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
379:The Arrangement of Field Experiments
7506:
6789:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
5096:Generalized randomized block design
3216:"On Small Differences in Sensation"
6884:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
5510:Pearson product-moment correlation
4260:Design and analysis of experiments
4234:Design and Analysis of Experiments
3824:Design and Analysis of Experiments
2552:What are the background variables?
571:. The average error is zero; the
361:, on which early work was done by
25:
8163:Failure mode and effects analysis
5147:Sequential probability ratio test
3794:Annals of Mathematical Statistics
3573:Annals of Mathematical Statistics
2644:Experimental designs after Fisher
2574:What about using a proxy pretest?
2431:, as in this example and others.
656: = 1, ..., 8.
7505:
7493:
7481:
7468:
7467:
5170:
5072:Polynomial and rational modeling
4444:10.1016/j.automatica.2007.05.016
4093:"The preregistration revolution"
3743:"A call for replication studies"
3502:10.1111/j.1751-5823.2009.00069.x
3480:International Statistical Review
3407:, actually published 1879, NOAA
345:, a field that was pioneered by
98:Design of experiments with full
34:
7143:Least-squares spectral analysis
4183:Chris Chambers (10 June 2014).
3648:10.1090/S0002-9904-1952-09620-8
2967:Glossary of experimental design
1191:be the measured difference for
7888:Pre- and post-test probability
7610:Patient and public involvement
6124:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
4839:Replication versus subsampling
3851:Jack Sifri (8 December 2014).
3429:, paragraphs 139â157, also in
2704:Developments of the theory of
2670:in 1946. About the same time,
2506:P-hacking can be prevented by
583:. Denote the true weights by
232:A Theory of Probable Inference
1:
7437:Geographic information system
6653:Simultaneous equations models
4387:IEEE Control Systems Magazine
4042:. 2 June 2014. Archived from
3349:Trudy Dehue (December 1997).
3305:American Journal of Education
2858:Human participant constraints
2402:The variance of the estimate
8015:Sex as a biological variable
6620:Coefficient of determination
6231:Uniformly most powerful test
5066:Response surface methodology
4974:Analysis of variance (Anova)
4258:Montgomery, Douglas (2013).
3611:, Volume 13. North-Holland.
2902:Bayesian experimental design
2866:. Constraints may involve
2658:Indian Statistical Institute
551:, building on examples from
273:Response surface methodology
8275:Statistical process control
8210:Statistical process control
7979:Intention-to-treat analysis
7951:Analysis of clinical trials
7880:Specificity and sensitivity
7634:Randomized controlled trial
7189:Proportional hazards models
7133:Spectral density estimation
7115:Vector autoregression (VAR)
6549:Maximum posterior estimator
5781:Randomized controlled trial
5136:Randomized controlled trial
4517:Glantz, Stanton A. (1992).
4490:Ottoboni, M. Alice (1991).
3037:Randomized controlled trial
3022:Protocol (natural sciences)
3002:One-factor-at-a-time method
2962:Fractional factorial design
2868:institutional review boards
2674:introduced the concepts of
377:, in his innovative books:
60:the claims made and adding
8306:
6949:Multivariate distributions
5369:Average absolute deviation
4562:, v. 12, March issue, pp.
3788:Hotelling, Harold (1944).
2942:Controlling for a variable
2438:
516:Multifactorial experiments
368:
329:Multi-armed bandit problem
326:
320:
276:
270:
247:
241:
211:
205:
8228:
8023:
7988:Interpretation of results
7721:Nested caseâcontrol study
7463:
7266:
7253:
6937:Structural equation model
6845:
6820:
6591:
6567:
6299:
6273:Score/Lagrange multiplier
5879:
5866:
5688:Sample size determination
5649:
5636:
5266:
5253:
5235:
5155:
4674:Resources in your library
4221:, ASQ, 20 (2), pp 143â176
3052:Sample size determination
3027:Quasi-experimental design
2897:Adversarial collaboration
384:The Design of Experiments
8132:Business process mapping
7590:Academic clinical trials
7432:Environmental statistics
6954:Elliptical distributions
6747:Generalized linear model
6676:Simple linear regression
6446:HodgesâLehmann estimator
5903:Probability distribution
5812:Stochastic approximation
5374:Coefficient of variation
5122:Repeated measures design
4834:Restricted randomization
4004:10.1177/0956797611417632
3761:10.1177/1091142110385210
3619:. (pages 151–180)
3575:, 16 (2), 117–186.
2917:Central composite design
2747:on the parameter space.
2745:probability distribution
2515:taken away as outliers.
2501:statistical significance
2435:Avoiding false positives
577:probability distribution
317:Sequences of experiments
260:repeated-measures design
250:Repeated measures design
8290:Mathematics in medicine
7808:Relative risk reduction
7656:Adaptive clinical trial
7600:Evidence-based medicine
7583:Adaptive clinical trial
7092:Cross-correlation (XCF)
6700:Non-standard predictors
6134:LehmannâScheffĂŠ theorem
5807:Adaptive clinical trial
4614:Popular Science Monthly
4596:Popular Science Monthly
4578:Popular Science Monthly
4560:Popular Science Monthly
4553:Popular Science Monthly
4520:Primer of biostatistics
4399:10.1109/MCS.2010.937677
4118:10.1073/pnas.1708274114
3807:10.1214/aoms/1177731236
3693:Creswell, J.W. (2008),
3544:10.1093/biomet/12.1-2.1
3208:Peirce, Charles Sanders
3047:Robust parameter design
3032:Randomized block design
2695:William Gemmell Cochran
2662:PlackettâBurman designs
2467:potentially leading to
450:measurement uncertainty
444:Statistical replication
18:Experimental techniques
8260:Industrial engineering
7796:Number needed to treat
7488:Mathematics portal
7309:Engineering statistics
7217:NelsonâAalen estimator
6794:Analysis of covariance
6681:Ordinary least squares
6605:Pearson product-moment
6009:Statistical functional
5920:Empirical distribution
5753:Controlled experiments
5482:Frequency distribution
5260:Descriptive statistics
5177:Mathematics portal
4939:Ordinary least squares
3609:Handbook of Statistics
3171:10.1214/aos/1176344123
3012:PlackettâBurman design
2977:Industrial engineering
2733:frequentist statistics
2528:replication of results
2388:
1354:
1170:
630:
544:
498:
473:
432:statistical population
297:in 1876. A pioneering
238:Randomized experiments
208:Frequentist statistics
107:
8270:Quantitative research
8250:Design of experiments
8184:Design of experiments
8106:Voice of the customer
7800:Number needed to harm
7687:Cross-sectional study
7639:Scientific experiment
7595:Clinical study design
7404:Population statistics
7346:System identification
7080:Autocorrelation (ACF)
7008:Exponential smoothing
6922:Discriminant analysis
6917:Canonical correlation
6781:Partition of variance
6643:Regression validation
6487:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
6386:Likelihood-ratio test
6075:Frequentist inference
5987:Locationâscale family
5908:Sampling distribution
5873:Statistical inference
5840:Cross-sectional study
5827:Observational studies
5786:Randomized experiment
5615:Stem-and-leaf display
5417:Central limit theorem
4774:Scientific experiment
4756:Design of experiments
3992:Psychological Science
3954:StatPearls Publishing
3748:Public Finance Review
3457:10.1287/opre.15.4.643
3073:System identification
2953:-related experiments)
2927:Clinical study design
2852:system identification
2737:sampling distribution
2699:Experimental Designs,
2634:intervening variables
2429:combinatorial designs
2389:
1355:
1171:
631:
557:combinatorial designs
543:
496:
471:
457:strictly as possible.
303:polynomial regression
220:statistical inference
147:independent variables
112:design of experiments
97:
8111:Value-stream mapping
7766:Cumulative incidence
7327:Probabilistic design
6912:Principal components
6755:Exponential families
6707:Nonlinear regression
6686:General linear model
6648:Mixed effects models
6638:Errors and residuals
6615:Confounding variable
6517:Bayesian probability
6495:Van der Waerden test
6485:Ordered alternative
6250:Multiple comparisons
6129:RaoâBlackwellization
6092:Estimating equations
6048:Statistical distance
5766:Factorial experiment
5299:Arithmetic-Geometric
5048:Fractional factorial
3949:"Double-Blind Study"
3668:, London: Heineman,
3629:Robbins, H. (1952).
3438:, pp. 72â78, and in
3414:2 March 2017 at the
3158:Annals of Statistics
3017:Probabilistic design
2987:Law of large numbers
2816:Friedrich Pukelsheim
2630:antecedent variables
2522:of the experimental
2489:statistical analysis
2461:double-blind designs
2452:or the author's own
1376:
1212:
673:
590:
529:analysis of variance
230:" (1877â1878) and "
8285:Systems engineering
8158:Root cause analysis
7673:Observational study
7605:Real world evidence
7559:experimental design
7399:Official statistics
7322:Methods engineering
7003:Seasonal adjustment
6771:Poisson regressions
6691:Bayesian regression
6630:Regression analysis
6610:Partial correlation
6582:Regression analysis
6181:Prediction interval
6176:Likelihood interval
6166:Confidence interval
6158:Interval estimation
6119:Unbiased estimators
5937:Model specification
5817:Up-and-down designs
5505:Partial correlation
5461:Index of dispersion
5379:Interquartile range
5182:Statistical outline
5142:Sequential analysis
5107:Graeco-Latin square
5016:Multiple comparison
4963:Hierarchical model:
4698:BoxâBehnken designs
4665:Experimental design
4339:. New York: Wiley.
4219:Quality Engineering
4109:2018PNAS..115.2600N
3716:"Replication study"
3445:Operations Research
3403:Coast Survey Report
3150:Stigler, Stephen M.
2992:Manipulation checks
2932:Computer experiment
2741:Bayesian statistics
2697:published the book
2628:, intervening, and
2608:Statistical control
2599:Causal attributions
2518:Clear and complete
2450:pressure to publish
573:standard deviations
369:Fisher's principles
343:sequential analysis
323:Sequential analysis
151:dependent variables
128:experimental design
8280:Statistical theory
8137:Process capability
7959:Riskâbenefit ratio
7926:First-in-man study
7876:Case fatality rate
7717:Caseâcontrol study
7691:Longitudinal study
7419:Spatial statistics
7299:Medical statistics
7199:First hitting time
7153:Whittle likelihood
6804:Degrees of freedom
6799:Multivariate ANOVA
6732:Heteroscedasticity
6544:Bayesian estimator
6509:Bayesian inference
6358:KolmogorovâSmirnov
6243:Randomization test
6213:Testing hypotheses
6186:Tolerance interval
6097:Maximum likelihood
5992:Exponential family
5925:Density estimation
5885:Statistical theory
5845:Natural experiment
5791:Scientific control
5708:Survey methodology
5394:Standard deviation
5187:Statistical topics
4779:Statistical design
3883:Biological Reviews
3301:Stephen M. Stigler
2912:BoxâBehnken design
2836:William J. Studden
2664:were published in
2619:manipulation check
2493:degrees of freedom
2481:degrees of freedom
2384:
2382:
1350:
1166:
1164:
626:
545:
499:
474:
407:scientific control
403:metrology standard
359:multi-armed bandit
309:in 1815. In 1918,
108:
45:possibly contains
8237:
8236:
8052:
8051:
8000:Survivorship bias
7964:Systematic review
7931:Multicenter trial
7894:
7893:
7884:Likelihood-ratios
7856:Clinical endpoint
7824:Population impact
7778:Period prevalence
7555:Clinical research
7521:
7520:
7459:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7394:National accounts
7364:Actuarial science
7356:Social statistics
7249:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7176:Survival function
7161:
7160:
7023:Granger causality
6864:Contingency table
6839:Survival analysis
6816:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6668:Linear regression
6563:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6534:Credible interval
6503:
6502:
6286:
6285:
6102:Method of moments
5971:Parametric family
5932:Statistical model
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5776:Random assignment
5698:Statistical power
5632:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5477:Contingency table
5447:
5446:
5314:Generalized/power
5195:
5194:
5082:Central composite
4980:Cochran's theorem
4934:Linear regression
4911:Nuisance variable
4824:Random assignment
4801:Experimental unit
4719:978-2-8399-0932-7
4660:Library resources
4530:978-0-07-023511-3
4346:978-0-471-09315-2
4103:(11): 2600â2606.
3998:(11): 1359â1366.
3896:10.1111/brv.12315
3714:Dr. Hani (2009).
3676:(also Doubleday,
2982:Instrument effect
2691:Gertrude Mary Cox
2676:orthogonal arrays
2579:lurking variables
2454:confirmation bias
2375:
2251:
2232:
2108:
2089:
1965:
1946:
1822:
1803:
1679:
1660:
1536:
1517:
1393:
1345:
1225:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
995:
984:
978:
972:
964:
958:
952:
946:
937:
926:
920:
914:
906:
900:
894:
888:
879:
868:
862:
856:
848:
842:
836:
830:
821:
810:
804:
798:
790:
784:
778:
772:
763:
754:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
700:
691:
684:
472:Blocking (right)
305:was suggested by
284:Charles S. Peirce
244:Random assignment
224:Charles S. Peirce
222:was developed by
187:Quality by Design
175:statistical power
155:control variables
136:quasi-experiments
124:experiment design
122:), also known as
90:
89:
82:
47:original research
16:(Redirected from
8297:
8168:Multi-vari chart
8079:
8072:
8065:
8056:
7899:Trial/test types
7774:Point prevalence
7752:
7695:Ecological study
7678:EBM II-2 to II-3
7649:Open-label trial
7644:Blind experiment
7620:Controlled study
7548:
7541:
7534:
7525:
7509:
7508:
7497:
7496:
7486:
7485:
7471:
7470:
7374:Crime statistics
7268:
7255:
7172:
7138:Fourier analysis
7125:Frequency domain
7105:
7052:
7018:Structural break
6978:
6927:Cluster analysis
6874:Log-linear model
6847:
6822:
6763:
6737:Homoscedasticity
6593:
6569:
6488:
6480:
6472:
6471:(KruskalâWallis)
6456:
6441:
6396:Cross validation
6381:
6363:AndersonâDarling
6310:
6297:
6268:Likelihood-ratio
6260:Parametric tests
6238:Permutation test
6221:1- & 2-tails
6112:Minimum distance
6084:Point estimation
6080:
6031:Optimal decision
5982:
5881:
5868:
5850:Quasi-experiment
5800:Adaptive designs
5651:
5638:
5515:Rank correlation
5277:
5268:
5255:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5199:
5175:
5174:
5112:Orthogonal array
4749:
4742:
4735:
4726:
4632:Studies in Logic
4622:Internet Archive
4604:Internet Archive
4586:Internet Archive
4568:Internet Archive
4535:
4534:
4523:(3rd ed.).
4514:
4508:
4507:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4437:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4228:
4222:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4120:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4070:Pacific Standard
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4030:
4024:
4023:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3966:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3908:
3898:
3889:(4): 1941â1968.
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3718:. Archived from
3711:
3705:
3691:
3685:
3662:Miller, Geoffrey
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3626:
3620:
3605:
3599:
3598:Monograph, 1972.
3585:
3576:
3569:
3563:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3495:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3423:Collected Papers
3406:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3173:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3095:
2937:Control variable
2872:informed consent
2832:J. N. Srivastava
2828:Shrikhande S. S.
2650:Raj Chandra Bose
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2148:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1889:
1888:
1876:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1759:
1758:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1499:
1498:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1447:
1446:
1434:
1433:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1288:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
993:
982:
976:
970:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
935:
924:
918:
912:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
877:
866:
860:
854:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
819:
808:
802:
796:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
761:
755:
752:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
698:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
635:
633:
632:
627:
621:
620:
602:
601:
549:Harold Hotelling
389:lady tasting tea
355:adaptive designs
104:response surface
100:factorial design
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
62:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
8305:
8304:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8224:
8193:
8172:
8146:
8120:
8101:Project charter
8089:
8083:
8053:
8048:
8019:
7983:
7945:
7890:
7844:
7818:
7792:Risk difference
7780:
7741:
7675:
7667:
7622:
7614:
7578:Trial protocols
7561:
7552:
7522:
7517:
7480:
7451:
7413:
7350:
7336:quality control
7303:
7285:Clinical trials
7262:
7237:
7221:
7209:Hazard function
7203:
7157:
7119:
7103:
7066:
7062:BreuschâGodfrey
7050:
7027:
6967:
6942:Factor analysis
6888:
6869:Graphical model
6841:
6808:
6775:
6761:
6741:
6695:
6662:
6624:
6587:
6586:
6555:
6499:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6454:
6439:
6418:Rank statistics
6412:
6391:Model selection
6379:
6337:Goodness of fit
6331:
6308:
6282:
6254:
6207:
6152:
6141:Median unbiased
6069:
5980:
5913:Order statistic
5875:
5854:
5821:
5795:
5747:
5702:
5645:
5643:Data collection
5624:
5536:
5491:
5465:
5443:
5403:
5355:
5272:Continuous data
5262:
5249:
5231:
5226:
5196:
5191:
5169:
5151:
5128:Crossover study
5119:
5117:Latin hypercube
5053:PlackettâBurman
5032:
5029:
5028:
5020:
4923:
4915:
4856:
4848:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4651:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4531:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4477:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4189:theguardian.com
4182:
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4163:www.acf.hhs.gov
4157:
4156:
4152:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4046:on 14 July 2014
4032:
4031:
4027:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3967:
3946:
3945:
3938:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3773:
3771:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3692:
3688:
3660:
3656:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3606:
3602:
3588:Herman Chernoff
3586:
3579:
3570:
3566:
3555:
3551:
3524:Smith, Kirstine
3522:
3521:
3517:
3493:10.1.1.368.8328
3477:
3476:
3472:
3439:
3419:
3416:Wayback Machine
3397:
3396:
3392:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3240:
3238:
3231:
3212:Jastrow, Joseph
3206:
3205:
3198:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3078:Taguchi methods
3068:Survey sampling
3042:Research design
2957:Factor analysis
2892:
2876:confidentiality
2860:
2684:Genichi Taguchi
2680:Taguchi methods
2656:in 1940 at the
2646:
2610:
2601:
2536:
2473:data collection
2469:false positives
2443:
2437:
2415:
2408:
2381:
2380:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2309:
2296:
2283:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2218:
2205:
2192:
2179:
2166:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2075:
2062:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1974:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
1867:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1831:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1266:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1190:
1163:
1162:
1139:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1081:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1023:
997:
989:
988:
965:
939:
931:
930:
907:
881:
873:
872:
849:
823:
815:
814:
791:
765:
757:
756:
749:
702:
694:
693:
686:
671:
670:
661:weighing matrix
651:
612:
593:
588:
587:
538:
507:treatments and
371:
363:Herbert Robbins
351:Herman Chernoff
339:
325:
319:
281:
275:
269:
252:
246:
240:
216:
210:
204:
199:
86:
75:
69:
66:
51:
39:
35:
28:
27:Design of tasks
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8303:
8301:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8242:
8241:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8180:
8178:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8154:
8152:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8128:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8097:
8095:
8091:
8090:
8084:
8082:
8081:
8074:
8067:
8059:
8050:
8049:
8047:
8046:
8043:List of topics
8039:
8032:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7995:Selection bias
7991:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7955:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7916:Animal testing
7913:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7868:Mortality rate
7854:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7828:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7790:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7760:
7758:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7714:
7713:
7712:
7707:
7697:
7683:
7681:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7664:
7663:
7661:Platform trial
7653:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7630:
7628:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7573:Clinical trial
7569:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7543:
7536:
7528:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7515:
7503:
7491:
7477:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7423:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7360:
7358:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7282:
7280:Bioinformatics
7276:
7274:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7251:
7250:
7247:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7088:
7087:
7085:partial (PACF)
7076:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7046:
7041:
7035:
7033:
7032:Specific tests
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6934:
6932:Classification
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6881:
6879:McNemar's test
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6843:
6842:
6825:
6818:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6757:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6717:Semiparametric
6714:
6709:
6703:
6701:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6634:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6601:
6599:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6565:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6482:
6474:
6458:
6455:(MannâWhitney)
6450:
6449:
6448:
6435:
6434:
6433:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6388:
6383:
6380:(ShapiroâWilk)
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6347:
6341:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6321:
6312:
6300:
6294:
6292:Specific tests
6288:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6223:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6088:
6086:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5889:
5887:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5745:
5743:Standard error
5740:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5673:Optimal design
5670:
5665:
5659:
5657:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5470:Summary tables
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:Contraharmonic
5301:
5296:
5285:
5283:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5202:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5035:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4977:
4969:
4968:
4960:
4955:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4863:
4861:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4814:Optimal design
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4708:
4695:
4677:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:External links
4652:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4628:
4610:
4592:
4574:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4509:
4503:978-0442006600
4502:
4482:
4475:
4457:
4428:(2): 303â325.
4412:
4377:
4371:978-0471718130
4370:
4352:
4345:
4325:
4319:978-0470454633
4318:
4300:
4294:978-0131877115
4293:
4275:
4268:
4250:
4243:
4223:
4210:
4201:
4175:
4150:
4083:
4057:
4025:
3982:
3936:
3869:
3840:
3833:
3813:
3800:(3): 297â306.
3780:
3755:(6): 787â793,
3733:
3722:on 2 June 2012
3706:
3686:
3654:
3641:(5): 527â535.
3621:
3600:
3577:
3564:
3549:
3515:
3470:
3451:(4): 643â648.
3390:
3369:10.1086/383850
3363:(4): 653â673.
3338:
3317:10.1086/444032
3289:
3260:10.1086/354775
3254:(3): 427â451.
3229:
3196:
3164:(2): 239â65 .
3141:
3132:
3115:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3057:Supersaturated
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Optimal design
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:Grey box model
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:Clinical trial
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2859:
2856:
2768:A. C. Atkinson
2710:linear algebra
2645:
2642:
2615:control checks
2609:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2535:
2532:
2508:preregistering
2497:p<.05 level
2446:False positive
2436:
2433:
2413:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
998:
991:
990:
987:
981:
975:
969:
966:
961:
955:
949:
943:
940:
933:
932:
929:
923:
917:
911:
908:
903:
897:
891:
885:
882:
875:
874:
871:
865:
859:
853:
850:
845:
839:
833:
827:
824:
817:
816:
813:
807:
801:
795:
792:
787:
781:
775:
769:
766:
759:
758:
750:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
703:
696:
695:
687:
680:
678:
665:
664:
657:
647:
637:
636:
624:
619:
615:
611:
608:
605:
600:
596:
537:
534:
533:
532:
517:
513:
512:
491:
490:
485:
483:
481:
478:
477:
465:
459:
458:
446:
440:
439:
426:
425:
417:
411:
410:
399:
370:
367:
337:Optimal design
321:Main article:
318:
315:
311:Kirstine Smith
299:optimal design
288:optimal design
279:Optimal design
271:Main article:
268:
265:
242:Main article:
239:
236:
206:Main article:
203:
200:
198:
195:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8302:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8232:
8227:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8198:Control phase
8196:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:Improve phase
8175:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8151:Analyse phase
8149:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8125:Measure phase
8123:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8092:
8087:
8080:
8075:
8073:
8068:
8066:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8045:
8044:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8031:
8030:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7974:Meta-analysis
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7948:
7942:
7941:Vaccine trial
7939:
7937:
7936:Seeding trial
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7889:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7857:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7705:Retrospective
7703:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7674:
7670:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:EBM I to II-1
7621:
7617:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7549:
7544:
7542:
7537:
7535:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7514:
7513:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7466:
7465:
7462:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7442:Geostatistics
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7409:Psychometrics
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7306:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7272:Biostatistics
7269:
7265:
7261:
7256:
7252:
7234:
7233:Log-rank test
7231:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7104:(BoxâJenkins)
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7057:DurbinâWatson
7055:
7053:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7039:DickeyâFuller
7037:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:Cointegration
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6988:Decomposition
6986:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6859:Cohen's kappa
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6823:
6819:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6712:Nonparametric
6710:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6493:
6489:
6483:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:Nonparametric
6459:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6436:
6432:
6431:Sample median
6429:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6036:loss function
6034:
6033:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5738:Questionnaire
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5639:
5635:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Control chart
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Compare means
5009:
5008:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4952:Random effect
4949:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4894:Orthogonality
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Randomization
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4757:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4644:90-272-3271-7
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:, v. 13, pp.
4615:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:, v. 13, pp.
4597:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4580:, v. 12, pp.
4579:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:Peirce, C. S.
4547:
4546:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4486:
4483:
4478:
4476:9780716786368
4472:
4468:
4461:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4329:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4304:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4269:9781118146927
4265:
4261:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4244:9780852269145
4240:
4236:
4235:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4176:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4084:
4072:. 4 June 2014
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3834:9780852269145
3830:
3826:
3825:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3781:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3737:
3734:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:0-13-613550-1
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3682:0-385-49516-1
3679:
3675:
3674:0-434-00741-2
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3617:0-444-82061-2
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3538:(1â2): 1â85.
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:Peirce, C. S.
3437:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3420:Reprinted in
3417:
3413:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3399:Peirce, C. S.
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3104:
3103:prismtc.co.uk
3100:
3094:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2947:Experimetrics
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2820:D. Raghavarao
2817:
2813:
2812:Andrej PĂĄzman
2809:
2805:
2804:O. Kempthorne
2801:
2797:
2796:A. S. Hedayat
2793:
2792:V. V. Fedorov
2789:
2788:W. T. Federer
2785:
2784:W. G. Cochran
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2718:combinatorics
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:linear models
2702:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:documentation
2516:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
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2462:
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2455:
2451:
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2434:
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2430:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2358:
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2327:
2323:
2319:
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2301:
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2255:
2248:
2245:
2234:
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2210:
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2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
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1800:
1794:
1790:
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1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
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1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
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1651:
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1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
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1612:
1608:
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1599:
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1565:
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1530:
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1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
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1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
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1430:
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1422:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
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415:Randomization
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375:Ronald Fisher
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8205:Control plan
8183:
8142:Pareto chart
8094:Define phase
8041:
8034:
8027:
7816:Hazard ratio
7700:Cohort study
7558:
7510:
7498:
7479:
7472:
7384:Econometrics
7334: /
7317:Chemometrics
7294:Epidemiology
7287: /
7260:Applications
7102:ARIMA model
7049:Q-statistic
6998:Stationarity
6894:Multivariate
6837: /
6833: /
6831:Multivariate
6829: /
6769: /
6765: /
6539:Bayes factor
6438:Signed rank
6350:
6324:
6316:
6304:
5999:Completeness
5835:Cohort study
5733:Opinion poll
5668:Missing data
5655:Study design
5654:
5610:Scatter plot
5532:Scatter plot
5525:Spearman's Ď
5487:Grouped data
5134:
5120:
5102:Latin square
5088:
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4044:the original
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3971:cite journal
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3860:. Retrieved
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3772:, retrieved
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3242:Hacking, Ian
3223:
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3161:
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3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:
3093:
2951:econometrics
2907:Block design
2883:
2879:
2864:jurisdiction
2861:
2848:
2808:J. A. Nelder
2780:G. E. P. Box
2772:R. A. Bailey
2756:R. A. Fisher
2752:C. S. Peirce
2749:
2735:studies the
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569:random error
561:
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521:interactions
508:
504:
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372:
347:Abraham Wald
340:
282:
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217:
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8265:Metascience
8255:Experiments
8010:Null result
7969:Replication
7864:Infectivity
7786:Association
7737:Case report
7727:Case series
7710:Prospective
7512:WikiProject
7427:Cartography
7389:Jurimetrics
7341:Reliability
7072:Time domain
7051:(LjungâBox)
6973:Time-series
6851:Categorical
6835:Time-series
6827:Categorical
6762:(Bernoulli)
6597:Correlation
6577:Correlation
6373:JarqueâBera
6345:Chi-squared
6107:M-estimator
6060:Asymptotics
6004:Sufficiency
5771:Interaction
5683:Replication
5663:Effect size
5620:Violin plot
5600:Radar chart
5580:Forest plot
5570:Correlogram
5520:Kendall's Ď
5077:BoxâBehnken
4958:Mixed model
4889:Confounding
4884:Interaction
4874:Effect size
4844:Sample size
3862:11 February
3857:youtube.com
2725:frequentist
2524:methodology
2441:Metascience
581:independent
564:pan balance
553:Frank Yates
422:confounding
381:(1926) and
191:metascience
179:sensitivity
167:reliability
138:, in which
132:experiments
8244:Categories
7812:Odds ratio
7804:Risk ratio
7770:Prevalence
7756:Occurrence
7732:Case study
7379:Demography
7097:ARMA model
6902:Regression
6479:(Friedman)
6440:(Wilcoxon)
6378:Normality
6368:Lilliefors
6315:Student's
6191:Resampling
6065:Robustness
6053:divergence
6043:Efficiency
5981:(monotone)
5976:Likelihood
5893:Population
5726:Stratified
5678:Population
5497:Dependence
5453:Count data
5384:Percentile
5361:Dispersion
5294:Arithmetic
5229:Statistics
5033:randomized
5031:Completely
5002:covariance
4764:Scientific
4422:Automatica
3774:27 October
3726:27 October
3532:Biometrika
3409:PDF Eprint
3405:: 197â201.
3128:0812698495
3085:References
2844:H. P. Wynn
2840:G. Taguchi
2764:R. C. Bose
2743:updates a
2667:Biometrika
2638:zero order
2577:Are there
2439:See also:
525:experiment
398:Comparison
392:hypothesis
327:See also:
292:regression
277:See also:
248:See also:
212:See also:
54:improve it
8220:Poka-yoke
8086:Six Sigma
7872:Morbidity
7860:Virulence
7762:Incidence
6760:Logistic
6527:posterior
6453:Rank sum
6201:Jackknife
6196:Bootstrap
6014:Bootstrap
5949:Parameter
5898:Statistic
5693:Statistic
5605:Run chart
5590:Pie chart
5585:Histogram
5575:Fan chart
5550:Bar chart
5432:L-moments
5319:Geometric
5042:Factorial
4926:inference
4906:Covariate
4868:Treatment
4854:Treatment
4435:0802.4381
4168:29 August
4127:0027-8424
4012:0956-7976
3915:1464-7931
3510:121294724
3488:CiteSeerX
3333:143685203
2824:C. R. Rao
2800:J. Kiefer
2776:D. R. Cox
2689:In 1950,
2672:C. R. Rao
2654:K. Kishen
2485:p-hacking
2249:^
2246:θ
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614:θ
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365:in 1952.
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8036:Glossary
8029:Category
7906:In vitro
7747:Measures
7566:Overview
7474:Category
7167:Survival
7044:Johansen
6767:Binomial
6722:Isotonic
6309:(normal)
5954:location
5761:Blocking
5716:Sampling
5595:QâQ plot
5560:Box plot
5542:Graphics
5437:Skewness
5427:Kurtosis
5399:Variance
5329:Heronian
5324:Harmonic
5165:Category
5160:Glossary
4966:Bayesian
4944:Bayesian
4900:Blocking
4879:Contrast
4859:blocking
4819:Bayesian
4806:Blinding
4796:validity
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4407:45813198
4145:29531091
4020:22006061
3963:31536248
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3385:23526321
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2890:See also
2760:F. Yates
2729:Bayesian
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683:left pan
463:Blocking
307:Gergonne
163:validity
102:(left),
7911:In vivo
7500:Commons
7447:Kriging
7332:Process
7289:studies
7148:Wavelet
6981:General
6148:Plug-in
5942:L space
5721:Cluster
5422:Moments
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4687:from a
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3188:0483118
3180:2958876
2880:animals
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753:(empty)
575:of the
536:Example
256:blinded
197:History
140:natural
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7369:Census
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6727:Robust
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5281:Center
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4921:Models
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2051:Y
2042:5
2038:Y
2034:+
2029:4
2025:Y
2021:+
2016:3
2012:Y
2003:2
1999:Y
1990:1
1986:Y
1979:=
1970:6
1949:.
1944:8
1938:8
1934:Y
1930:+
1925:7
1921:Y
1912:6
1908:Y
1904:+
1899:5
1895:Y
1886:4
1882:Y
1873:3
1869:Y
1865:+
1860:2
1856:Y
1847:1
1843:Y
1836:=
1827:5
1806:.
1801:8
1795:8
1791:Y
1782:7
1778:Y
1774:+
1769:6
1765:Y
1756:5
1752:Y
1748:+
1743:4
1739:Y
1730:3
1726:Y
1722:+
1717:2
1713:Y
1704:1
1700:Y
1693:=
1684:4
1663:.
1658:8
1652:8
1648:Y
1644:+
1639:7
1635:Y
1631:+
1626:6
1622:Y
1613:5
1609:Y
1600:4
1596:Y
1587:3
1583:Y
1574:2
1570:Y
1566:+
1561:1
1557:Y
1550:=
1541:3
1520:.
1515:8
1509:8
1505:Y
1496:7
1492:Y
1483:6
1479:Y
1475:+
1470:5
1466:Y
1462:+
1457:4
1453:Y
1444:3
1440:Y
1431:2
1427:Y
1423:+
1418:1
1414:Y
1407:=
1398:2
1348:.
1343:8
1337:8
1333:Y
1324:7
1320:Y
1311:6
1307:Y
1298:5
1294:Y
1285:4
1281:Y
1277:+
1272:3
1268:Y
1264:+
1259:2
1255:Y
1251:+
1246:1
1242:Y
1235:=
1230:1
1200:1
1197:θ
1193:i
1188:i
1184:Y
1160:7
1154:4
1148:2
1142:1
1134:8
1128:6
1122:5
1116:3
1102:6
1096:5
1090:2
1084:1
1076:8
1070:7
1064:4
1058:3
1044:6
1038:4
1032:3
1026:1
1018:8
1012:7
1006:5
1000:2
986:7
980:5
974:3
968:1
960:8
954:6
948:4
942:2
928:5
922:4
916:3
910:2
902:8
896:7
890:6
884:1
870:7
864:6
858:3
852:2
844:8
838:5
832:4
826:1
812:7
806:6
800:5
794:4
786:8
780:3
774:2
768:1
747:8
741:7
735:6
729:5
723:4
717:3
711:2
705:1
663::
654:i
649:i
645:X
623:.
618:8
610:,
604:,
599:1
509:T
505:T
114:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
50:.
20:)
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